Shows / The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
From the first Portuguese caravels rounding Cape Bojador in 1434 to the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 that carved Africa into colonies, this show traces how a handful of European powers—Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, France, and Britain—projected their rivalries across the globe. Lucas and Luna navigate the trade forts of the Gold Coast, the spice markets of the Moluccas, and the rubber groves of the Congo. They examine the treaties (Tordesillas 1494, Utrecht 1713, Nanking 1842), the…
Episodes
The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo HistoryThe Repartimiento: Forced Labor in Spanish America
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the repartimiento system—the Spanish colonial labor draft that funneled Indigenous workers into mines, farms, and…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Mita System: How Spain Forced Labor in the Andes
In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the mita, the forced labor system that underpinned Spanish colonial rule in the Andes. They explore its origins in…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: Faith, Fear and Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna delve into the dark history of the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, a tribunal established in 1560 that targeted not only Jews…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Manila Galleon: How Silver Sailed the Pacific
Long before the Panama Canal, the Manila Galleon was the invisible thread stitching together the Spanish Empire. For 250 years, massive ships lumbered across…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Miserable Treasure: Potosi's Silver and Global Empire
This episode dives into the heart of Spain's American empire: the Cerro Rico of Potosí. Lucas and Luna explore how a mountain of silver in modern-day…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Feitoria: How a Trading Post System Built an Empire
Before colonies, there were feitorias — fortified trading posts that let Portugal control commerce across the Indian Ocean without conquering vast territories…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Diu: How Portugal Broke the Indian Ocean
In 1509, a small Portuguese fleet under Francisco de Almeida crushed a combined Muslim naval alliance off the coast of Diu, in present-day Gujarat. This battle…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch in Ambon: How the VOC Enslaved the Spice Islands
In 1621, Jan Pieterszoon Coen landed on the Banda Islands with a fleet and a plan. Within weeks, he had orchestrated the massacre or enslavement of nearly the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The French East India Company: A Corporate Empire in the Indian Ocean
In this episode, we explore the rise and fall of the French East India Company (Compagnie des Indes Orientales), tracing its evolution from a state-backed…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Trading Posts to Empire: How the VOC Built Corporate Colonialism
This episode zooms in on the Dutch East India Company's shift from a trading enterprise to a territorial ruler in the Indonesian archipelago. We explore…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Cartaz System: How Portugal Ruled the Indian Ocean by Paper
Long before the British and Dutch empires, Portugal controlled the Indian Ocean with a simple piece of paper: the cartaz. In this episode, Lucas and Luna…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Bombay Army: How East India Company Recruited Indian Soldiers
In the 18th century, the English East India Company built a formidable military force not from British redcoats, but from local Indian soldiers known as…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Plassey and the Birth of British India
In this episode of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna delve into one of the most pivotal moments in colonial history: the Battle of Plassey in 1757. They…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Forgotten Treaty of Zaragoza: Spain and Portugal's Pacific Showdown
In 1529, the Treaty of Zaragoza attempted to resolve a bitter dispute between Spain and Portugal over the Moluccas—the legendary Spice Islands. This episode…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The English East India Company's Bengal Famine of 1770
In this episode of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna explore one of the darkest chapters of the English East India Company's rule in India: the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Goan Inquisition: Faith, Conquest and Resistance
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, established in 1560 under Aleixo Dias Falcão. They discuss how the Inquisition…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch in Malacca: A Forgotten Colonial Transition
In 1641, after a bitter siege, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) captured the strategic port of Malacca from the Portuguese. This episode explores the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The French in India: Joseph François Dupleix's Lost Empire
Before the British Raj, France nearly ruled India. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the extraordinary rise and fall of Joseph François Dupleix, the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Forgotten Trade: How Portugal's Cartaz System Ruled the Indian Ocean
Before the British Raj, before the Dutch East India Company, the Portuguese Estado da Índia controlled the Indian Ocean with a simple piece of paper: the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch East India Company: Corporate Greed in the Spice Islands
Before the British Raj, before the Scramble for Africa, there was the VOC — the Dutch East India Company. This episode dives into the brutal machinery behind…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Zamindari System: How the British Taxed India into Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Zamindari system, the land revenue experiment that the British East India Company imposed on Bengal after 1765. We…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Requerimiento: Spain's Legal Justification for Conquest
In this episode, Lucas and Luna examine the Requerimiento, a legal document read to indigenous peoples in the Americas before conquest, demanding submission to…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Spanish 'Protector de Indios': A Champion for Native Rights
This episode dives into the fascinating and often overlooked role of the Protector de Indios, a legal advocate appointed by the Spanish Crown to defend…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Treaty of Tordesillas: How a Papal Bull Divided the World
In 1494, with barely a decade of Atlantic exploration behind them, Spain and Portugal drew a line down the map of the world — and both sides broke it within…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Mamluk Sultanate's Last Stand: Why Egypt Fell to the Ottomans
In 1517, the Ottoman Empire conquered Cairo, ending the 267-year rule of the Mamluk Sultanate. This episode tells the story of that last stand through the eyes…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Forgotten Treaty of Tordesillas: How Spain and Portugal Divided the World
Long before the Scramble for Africa, a single line on a map decided the fate of entire continents. In 1494, Pope Alexander VI brokered the Treaty of…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Caste System Under Portuguese Colonial Rule in Goa
In this episode of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna examine how Portuguese colonial rule in Goa reshaped and hardened caste hierarchies. Drawing on the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Cartaz System: How Portugal Controlled the Indian Ocean
This episode dives into the cartaz system, a naval licensing scheme that Portugal imposed across the Indian Ocean in the 16th century. We explore how the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: Faith, Fear, and Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, a tribunal that operated for over two centuries in Portuguese India. They discuss…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Berlin Conference 1884: How Europe Carved Up Africa
In 1884, European powers gathered in Berlin to divide Africa among themselves, sparking the 'Scramble for Africa.' This episode explores the Berlin…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Yassa: How Genghis Khan's Laws Built an Empire
In this episode of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna step back from European expansion to explore a non-European imperial system that shaped the world…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Scramble for Africa Begins: Berlin Conference 1884
In 1884, European powers met in Berlin to carve up Africa — a continent they barely knew. This episode traces the Berlin Conference from its origins in the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The French East India Company's Forgotten Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the rise and fall of the French East India Company (Compagnie des Indes Orientales), the state-backed enterprise that…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Panic of 1873: How the World's First Global Depression Reshaped Colonialism
In 1873, a financial panic in Vienna and New York triggered a global depression that lasted five years and fundamentally altered the course of European…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Cartaz System: How Portugal Controlled the Indian Ocean
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the cartaz system—a Portuguese maritime licensing scheme that forced every ship in the Indian Ocean to purchase a pass…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Miserable Life of a Manila Galleon Sailor
The Manila Galleons carried silver from Acapulco to Manila and silk back to New Spain, creating the first global economy. But what was life like for the men…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: Faith, Fear, and Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, a tribunal that operated from 1560 to 1812, targeting not only Hindus but also newly…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Mita System in Potosí: Forced Labor Under Spanish Rule
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the mita system, the forced labor institution that powered Spanish colonial silver mining in Peru. Focusing on Potosí…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Requerimiento's Blunt Successor: How Spain Bureaucratised Empire
This episode picks up where the Black Legend and Requerimiento episodes left off, diving into the everyday mechanics of Spanish colonial rule after the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Asiento: Spain's Slave Trade Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the asiento de negros — the system of monopoly contracts that supplied enslaved Africans to Spanish America. They trace…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Fall of Tenochtitlan: Cortés and the Aztec Empire
In 1519, Hernán Cortés landed on the coast of Mexico with a few hundred men. By 1521, the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan lay in ruins, and the Spanish had…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Manila Galleon: How Silver and Silk Created the First Global Economy
In 1565, the Spanish launched a maritime trade route that would forever change the world: the Manila Galleon. For 250 years, these enormous ships sailed…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Mita System: Forced Labor Under Spanish Colonial Rule
This episode of The Rise of Colonialism examines the mita, the forced labor system the Spanish imposed on Indigenous communities in the Andes. Lucas and Luna…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Encomienda System: Spain's Labor Empire in the Americas
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the encomienda system, the Spanish colonial institution that granted conquistadors the labor of indigenous people in…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Conquest of Malacca 1511
In 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque led a small Portuguese fleet to capture the wealthy port of Malacca, a pivotal moment in European expansion into Asia. This…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Requerimiento: How Spain Justified Conquest with a Speech
In 1513, Spanish conquistadors carried a strange document to the New World: the Requerimiento, a legal proclamation that demanded indigenous peoples accept…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch Conquest of Malacca 1641
In 1641, after a brutal siege and a complex alliance with the Sultanate of Johor, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) wrested Malacca from Portuguese control…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The French East India Company: France's Forgotten Empire in Asia
While the British and Dutch East India companies dominated the history books, France also built a sprawling commercial empire in Asia through its own East…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Estado da India: Administering an Oceanic Empire
In this episode, we explore how the Portuguese Estado da India governed a sprawling network of coastal fortresses and trading posts from East Africa to Japan…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Treaty of Tordesillas: How the Pope Divided the World
In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas drew a line down the Atlantic, dividing the non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal. This episode explores how Pope…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Mamluks: Slave Soldiers Who Ruled an Empire
Long before the Ottomans, another Islamic power dominated the eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea: the Mamluks. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how slave…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Black Legend: Spain's Empire and Its Critics
In this episode of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna explore the origins and impact of the Black Legend — the centuries-old narrative of Spanish cruelty…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Carreira da Índia: Portugal's Perilous Sea Route to Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Carreira da Índia, the regular sea route that connected Portugal to its Asian empire from 1497 onward. They discuss…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch Conquest of the Banda Islands
In this episode, Lucas and Luna delve into one of the darkest chapters of early colonialism: the Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands in the early 17th century…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Macau 1622: Dutch vs Portuguese in China
In 1622, the Dutch East India Company launched an audacious assault on the Portuguese trading post of Macau, hoping to seize control of the lucrative China…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Lepanto 1571: Holy League vs Ottoman Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the Battle of Lepanto, the massive 1571 naval clash between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire. They explore the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Goa Inquisition: The Portuguese Crackdown on Hinduism
In this episode, Lucas and Luna delve into the brutal history of the Goa Inquisition, which began in 1560 and targeted not heretical Christians but Hindus and…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch East India Company's Spice Monopoly
Lucas and Luna explore how the Dutch East India Company, or VOC, built a ruthless monopoly over the global spice trade in the 17th century. From the brutal…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch East India Company: Corporate Empire
When the Portuguese monopoly on Asian trade began to crack, a new kind of empire rose from the marshes of the Netherlands. In this episode, Lucas and Luna…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Goan Inquisition: How Portugal Crushed Hindu Culture
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, a brutal campaign of religious persecution that targeted Hindus, Muslims, and even…