Shows / The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
From the first Portuguese caravels rounding Cape Bojador in 1434 to the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 that carved Africa into colonies, this show traces how a handful of European powers—Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, France, and Britain—projected their rivalries across the globe. Lucas and Luna navigate the trade forts of the Gold Coast, the spice markets of the Moluccas, and the rubber groves of the Congo. They examine the treaties (Tordesillas 1494, Utrecht 1713, Nanking 1842), the…
Episodes
The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo HistoryThe French in Florida: Fort Caroline and the Lost Colony
In 1564, a group of French Huguenots sailed to the New World seeking religious freedom and a safe haven from Catholic persecution. They built Fort Caroline on…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch East India Company: How a Corporation Ruled the Seas
In the early 1600s, a private company from a small republic conquered the global spice trade and built a vast colonial empire. This episode explores the rise…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Spanish Armada: The Disaster That Reshaped Europe
In 1588, King Philip II of Spain launched the most powerful fleet Europe had ever seen—130 ships, 30,000 men, and a divine mandate to crush Protestant England…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Treaty of Tordesillas: How Two Lines Split the World
In 1493, Pope Alexander VI drew a line down the Atlantic, granting Spain everything west of it and Portugal everything east. A year later, the Treaty of…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Maratha Navy: How Kanhoji Angre Defied the British
After the Battle of Diu and the Portuguese dominance of the Indian Ocean, a new power rose to challenge European supremacy. This episode focuses on Kanhoji…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Manila Galleon: How Spain's Silver Shipments Shaped Asia
In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the Manila Galleon trade, the annual voyage that carried silver from the Americas to Asia and returned with silk…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Cape of Storms: Dias and the Opening of the Indian Ocean
In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to round the southern tip of Africa, a feat that would shatter the medieval worldview and set the stage for…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Maratha Fortress of Vijaydurg: Canals and Coastal Defense
Before the British Raj, the Maratha Empire boasted a navy that challenged European dominance. At its heart was Vijaydurg, a coastal fortress bristling with…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Devastation of the Americas: Smallpox and the Fall
In Episode 208 of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna explore the catastrophic role disease played in the European conquest of the Americas. They focus on…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Plassey: How One Company Conquered India
In 1757, Robert Clive's English East India Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal at Plassey, a tiny village on the banks of the Hooghly. The battle lasted…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Cape Route: How Bartolomeu Dias Opened the Indian Ocean
Before Vasco da Gama, before the Portuguese armadas that shattered the old Indian Ocean trading world, there was one man, one ship, and one terrifying stretch…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Bamboo Curtain: How the Spanish Empired China's Silver
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the untold story of how a single mountain in the Andes, Cerro Rico, and the silver it produced, funded the Spanish…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Diu: How Portugal Broke the Indian Ocean
Long before the Dutch or the British, a small Portuguese fleet shattered the maritime order of the Indian Ocean. In 1509, Francisco de Almeida faced a combined…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Maratha Navy: The Asian Fleet That Defeated the Portuguese
In this episode of The Rise of Colonialism, Lucas and Luna explore the astonishing story of the Maratha Navy, the Indian maritime force that challenged…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Caravel: The Little Ship That Made Global Empire Possible
Before the galleon, before the manila line, there was the caravel — a small, lateen-rigged vessel that let Europeans sail into the wind for the first time. In…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Molucca Islands: The Spice War That Shaped Empires
In the early 1600s, the tiny Banda Islands in the eastern Indonesian archipelago were the only source of nutmeg and mace, spices worth more than gold. This…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Sapa Inca Speaks: Atahualpa's Last Days in Cajamarca
In 1532, Francisco Pizarro and a band of 168 conquistadors ambushed the Inca emperor Atahualpa at Cajamarca, capturing him in front of his army of 80,000. This…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Potosi Silver Rush: How One Mountain Fueled the Spanish Empire
In 1545, a Quechua shepherd named Diego Huallpa stumbled upon a silver outcropping on a cold Andean peak. Within decades, Cerro Rico would become the richest…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Goan Inquisition: A Portuguese Colony's Dark Legacy
In 1560, the Portuguese Inquisition arrived in Goa, a bustling port city on India's west coast, marking the start of two centuries of religious…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Manila Galleon: Silver, Silk, and the First Global Trade
In 1565, a Spanish navigator named Andrés de Urdaneta finally cracked the Pacific's greatest secret: the tornaviaje, the return route from Asia to the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Goan Inquisition: Horror, Myth, and Memory
In this episode, Lucas and Luna revisit the Goan Inquisition, a tribunal that operated in Portuguese India from 1560 to 1812. They separate the horror from the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Manila Galleon: Silver, Silk, and the First Global Trade
Before the Panama Canal, before the Suez, there was the Manila Galleon—the annual voyage that linked Asia and the Americas for over two centuries. In this…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Goan Inquisition: Horror, Myth, and Memory
In 1560, the Portuguese crown established the Inquisition in Goa, a coastal city on India's west coast. For over two centuries, it policed the faith of…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: Faith and Empire
In 1560, the Portuguese Inquisition arrived in Goa, the capital of Portugal's Asian empire. What began as a campaign to root out heresy among New…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: Faith and Empire
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, a dark chapter in colonial history that blended religious zeal with imperial…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Treaty of Tordesillas Line: How One Ruler Split the Globe
In 1493, Pope Alexander VI drew a line on a map that divided the world between Spain and Portugal. The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed a year later, moved that…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch East India Company's Spice Monopoly in the Moluccas
In 1602, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was founded with a brutal mission: to monopolize the world's spice trade. This episode takes you to the Banda…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Treaty of Paris 1763: The Peace That Redrew North America
Lucas and Luna examine the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the agreement that ended the Seven Years' War and dramatically reshaped European colonial empires…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Conquest of the Philippines: Legazpi's Pacific Empire
In 1565, nearly a century after Columbus, Spain finally established a permanent foothold in Asia. This episode follows Miguel López de Legazpi's…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The House of Trade: How Spain Controlled Its Empire from Seville
After the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world between Spain and Portugal, the Spanish Crown faced a daunting challenge: how to govern an empire spanning…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Portuguese Conquest of Malacca 1511: Gateway to the Spice Trade
In 1511, a Portuguese fleet under Afonso de Albuquerque stormed the wealthy port of Malacca, shattering centuries of Muslim-dominated trade in Southeast Asia…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dutch in Brazil: Johan Maurits and the Struggle for Recife
In the 17th century, the Dutch West India Company seized the sugar-rich coast of Brazil, building a colony around Recife—renamed Mauritsstad—under the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Berlin Conference: How Europe Carved Up Africa
In the late 19th century, European powers carved up Africa without a single African voice at the table. This episode unpacks the Berlin Conference of 1884-85…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Siege of Tenochtitlan: Cortés vs the Aztec Empire
In 1521, a Spanish-led force of about 900 men, thousands of indigenous allies, and a handful of ships laid siege to the island city of Tenochtitlan, the heart…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Valladolid Debate: Spain's Crisis of Conscience Over Conquest
In 1550, the Spanish Crown halted its American conquests to hold an unprecedented debate: were the indigenous peoples of the New World rational beings with…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Brazil's First Colony: The Portuguese Captaincies That Almost Failed
In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral landed on the coast of Brazil and claimed it for Portugal, but for three decades the colony barely survived. This episode picks…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Banda Massacre: How the Dutch Secured the Spice Trade
In 1621, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen launched a brutal campaign on the Banda Islands to monopolize the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Treaty of Zaragoza: How Spain and Portugal Split Asia
After the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Atlantic world, Spain and Portugal clashed over the Spice Islands of the Moluccas. This episode dives into the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Treaty of Tordesillas: The Papal Line That Split the World
Long before the British and French clashed in India, Europe's colonial powers drew a line across the map. In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Calcutta Black Hole: Myth, Memory, and Empire
One of the most infamous events in early British-Indian history — the Black Hole of Calcutta — is also one of the most contested. In June 1756, after the Nawab…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Regulating Act 1773: Britain's First Attempt to Control the East India Company
In the aftermath of the Bengal Famine of 1770 and the revelations of Company corruption, the British Parliament passed the Regulating Act of 1773, its first…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Rohilla War 1774: East India Company's First Afghan Conflict
In 1774, just a year after the Regulating Act tried to rein in the East India Company, Warren Hastings launched a brutal campaign against the Rohilla Afghans…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Regulating Act 1773: Britain's First Attempt to Control the East India Company
In 1773, the British Parliament passed the Regulating Act, the first major attempt to rein in the East India Company after the Bengal Famine and reports of…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Regulating Act 1773: Britain's First Attempt to Control the East India Company
In 1773, the British Parliament passed the Regulating Act, its first major attempt to control the East India Company's growing power in India. This…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dual Government of Bengal: Chaos Under East India Company Rule
In 1765, the East India Company gained the diwani — the right to collect taxes — from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II. But instead of directly governing…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Jagat Seths: The Bankers Who Bankrolled Bengal's Conquest
Long before the East India Company ruled Bengal, a family of bankers held the subcontinent's purse strings. The Jagat Seths — whose name literally means…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Dual System: How Bengal's Nawabs Lost All Power
After the Battle of Buxar and the Treaty of Allahabad, the East India Company held the diwani (tax collection rights) for Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, but the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Diwani Grant and the Birth of British Taxation in India
In the aftermath of the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the East India Company secured the diwani, or revenue collection rights, for Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa from…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
After Plassey: The Famine That Forged British India
In 1770, while the British East India Company was still learning to rule Bengal, a famine of unimaginable scale killed perhaps ten million people. This episode…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Bengal Famine of 1770: Britain's First Colonial Catastrophe
In 1770, as the East India Company tightened its grip on Bengal, a famine of unimaginable scale killed millions. But was it a natural disaster — or a man-made…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Diwani Grant of 1765: How the East India Company Became Tax Lord
In 1765, Robert Clive secured the diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II. This grant—the right to collect revenue—transformed…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Treaty of Allahabad 1765: How the East India Company Became a Tax Collector
The Battle of Buxar (1764) gave the East India Company a decisive military victory, but it was the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) that turned that victory into a…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Buxar 1764: Britain's Forgotten Conquest of Bengal
Fresh off their victory at Plassey in 1757, the British East India Company thought they had Bengal under control. But when Mir Jafar's puppet regime…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Battle of Wandiwash 1760: How Britain Crushed France in India
In January 1760, on a dusty plain near the village of Wandiwash in Tamil Nadu, two armies met in a battle that would decide the fate of India for the next two…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
After Panipat: How the Marathas Rebuilt and Fought the British
In 1761, the Maratha Empire suffered a catastrophic defeat at the Third Battle of Panipat. But the empire didn't die that day. This episode picks up the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Third Battle of Panipat: Maratha Empire's Catastrophic Defeat
In January 1761, the Maratha Empire—India's dominant power for decades—suffered a devastating defeat at Panipat against Ahmad Shah Abdali's Durrani…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Maratha Empire: India's Forgotten Superpower That Challenged the British
Long before the British Raj, another power dominated the Indian subcontinent: the Maratha Empire. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the rise of the…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
After Plassey: The Treaty of Paris and the Birth of British India
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War and redrew the global map. But for India, this was more than a European peace — it was the moment…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
The Treaty of Paris 1763 and the Birth of the British Raj
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War but also redrew the map of India, handing French ambitions a death blow and cementing British…
- The Rise of Colonialism: How Europe Divided the World — Fexingo History
Mir Miran: The Executioner of Plassey and Bengal's Lost Dynasty
In the shadow of the Battle of Plassey lies a lesser-known figure: Mir Miran, the son of Mir Jafar who personally executed the captive Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah…