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Wisdom Wednesdays: How does eating ultraprocessed food affect brain insulin and behaviour? · Hardiness with Dr Paul Taylor

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  Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, welcome to another edition of Wisdom Wednesdays. So
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  Speaker 1: you'll have heard me talking about ultra processed food and
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  Speaker 1: the health risks of ultra processed food and how I
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  Speaker 1: increased ultra processed food consumption has been shown to dramatically
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  Speaker 1: increase your risk for a whole host of different chronic diseases.
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  Speaker 1: But what about the impact of overeating with ultra processed
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  Speaker 1: food on brain function? And this study was answered. Now,
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  Speaker 1: this question was answered in a study of twenty nine
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  Speaker 1: young men who didn't have any health issues. And what
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  Speaker 1: they actually did with these guys is get them to
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  Speaker 1: overeat with ultra process snack foods for five days, and
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  Speaker 1: they measured the brian's responsiveness to insulin and the reward
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  Speaker 1: sensitivity in the brain and whether it impacted upon liver
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  Speaker 1: fat as well.
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  Speaker 2: So let's dive into some of the details.
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  Speaker 1: So they ad a what's called a hypercaloric diet, which
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  Speaker 1: means that basically more calories than they needed, and it
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  Speaker 1: actually added about eleven hundred calories on top of their
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  Speaker 1: normal intake of twenty six hundred a day. And those
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  Speaker 1: extra calories included over seventy grams of fat and one
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  Speaker 1: hundred grams of carbohydrate and consisted of ultra processed snack foods,
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  Speaker 1: and the control group maintained their usual diet and calorie intake,
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  Speaker 1: and the caloric intake did not differ between the groups
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  Speaker 1: before the intervention, and it's seven days after the intervention
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  Speaker 1: when they had resumed their habitual diets.
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  Speaker 2: And the primary outcome that.
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  Speaker 1: The researchers were looking at was the impact or the
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  Speaker 1: action of insulin in the brian and especially the neural
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  Speaker 1: activity in response to intrinhasal insulin administration, and that's how
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  Speaker 1: they basically measure the impact in the brain. And then
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  Speaker 1: the secondary outcome that they were looking at was the
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  Speaker 1: liver fat content and also performance on a reward learning task. Now,
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  Speaker 1: compared to the control group, the guys who had the
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  Speaker 1: extra unhealthy snack foods had the following effects at the
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  Speaker 1: end of the intervention. They had increased brain insulin action
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  Speaker 1: in three different brain regions. They had increased liver fat content.
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  Speaker 1: They had increased punishment sensitivity in this task that they
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  Speaker 1: did i e. Their brains were more responsive to negative reinforcement,
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  Speaker 1: and they had decreased reward sensitivity ie Their brains were
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  Speaker 1: less responsive to positive reinforce, and then seven days after
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  Speaker 1: resuming their normal diets, that group had decreased brain insulent
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  Speaker 1: action in two brain regions, increased punishment, and decrease reward sensitivity,
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  Speaker 1: patterns that were still evident but no longer statistically significant.
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  Speaker 1: So what they say is is the impact on their
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  Speaker 1: brain lasted for about seven days but was trailing off,
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  Speaker 1: and there were no detectable differences between the groups, the
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  Speaker 1: control group and the intervention group, and their desire to eat,
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  Speaker 1: their food cravings, their body weight and composition, and metabolic
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  Speaker 1: parameters such as their insulin resistance or inflammatory markers. So
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  Speaker 1: they were really just looking at liver fat and the
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  Speaker 1: impact on the brain. So let's talk about the big
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  Speaker 1: picture and the implications of this study. There is now
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  Speaker 1: a body of research that shows that our brains respond
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  Speaker 1: to short term changes in the diet even before it
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  Speaker 1: impacts on weight gain.
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  Speaker 2: And although lots of this research has.
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  Speaker 1: Involved animal studies that showed changes in brain function to
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  Speaker 1: do with memory, cognition, and metabolism, similar results have been
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  Speaker 1: reported in human trials, and this study contributes to the
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  Speaker 1: research by showing that less than one week of basically
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  Speaker 1: shitty food can actually reduce brain insolince sensitivity in young men.
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  Speaker 1: This is really important because as we get older, our
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  Speaker 1: insolince sensitivity drops off. So if it's having this impact
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  Speaker 1: just in seven days of young men, what's the impact
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  Speaker 1: on older adults whether insolence and sensitivity is dropping. And
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  Speaker 1: why this is really important for brain health is that
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  Speaker 1: we know that lack of insolince sensitivity in the brain
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  Speaker 1: and contributes to Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Now,
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  Speaker 1: they internusal insulin and when they stick inchoin up your nose,
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  Speaker 1: that reaches the brain directly, and that actually allows the
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  Speaker 1: researchers to show very sensitively how the brain is actually
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  Speaker 1: responding to insulin without affecting our blood sugar or our
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  Speaker 1: blood inchlin levels. Now, this is important because brain insulin
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  Speaker 1: and sensitivity. What's going on is that insulin binds to
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  Speaker 1: receptors in regions such as your hypothalmus, which regulates our hunger,
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  Speaker 1: a hypocampus, which is involved in memory, and then the striatum,
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  Speaker 1: which is involved in reward and addictive behavior. And that
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  Speaker 1: means that insulin action in the brain when it's normal,
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  Speaker 1: can suppress your appetite, regulate your mood and your motivation
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  Speaker 1: around food.
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  Speaker 2: And support learning and memory.
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  Speaker 1: And this study is important because it was showing that
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  Speaker 1: just after one week, there was reduced rewards sensitivity and
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  Speaker 1: there was increased brain insulin activity in areas to do
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  Speaker 1: with feeding behavior. And this study is important because it
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  Speaker 1: was a short study, it was only seven days, but
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  Speaker 1: it actually showed that it changed brain activity and particularly
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  Speaker 1: around food. And this really means that you know, going
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  Speaker 1: on a binge for a week can really change how
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  Speaker 1: your brain perceives food. And the other thing in this
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  Speaker 1: study was that they showed that there was rapid liver
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  Speaker 1: fat accumulation and that can lead to insulin resistance and
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  Speaker 1: that's a hallmark of early non alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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  Speaker 1: So basically, seven days of a shit that your brain
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  Speaker 1: starts to fall apart and so does your liver.
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  Speaker 2: And this adds to a growing.
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  Speaker 1: Body of research that shows how the brain actually rapidly
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  Speaker 1: reacts to dietary changes, and this study suggests that the
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  Speaker 1: those brain changes may persist even after that dietary change
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  Speaker 1: has actually stopped. And maybe why when people just start
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  Speaker 1: to lose it a little bit in terms of their diet,
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  Speaker 1: that it is so hard to get back on track.
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  Speaker 2: So that's it for this week. Folks, catch you next time.