Latest / The Personal Finance Club Show / Trump’s Insider Trading, Jeremy’s Big Lie, and 4% or Bust | Ep 30
Transcript
- 0:13Welcome back to the Personal Finance Club show.
- 0:16Hey, John. Hey, Jeremy, what's going on?
- 0:19So much I Do you have any money, memories or money like old
- 0:24habits that die hard in your life, things that you like have
- 0:27been doing for a long time and you realize like, oh, it's kind
- 0:30of weird that I still am really sensitive about that cut type of
- 0:33spending. Do you have anything like that?
- 0:35I mean, I probably have so many. I feel like, I feel like you're
- 0:40going to have like maybe like things that even though they're
- 0:42old habits die hard, they could probably help you.
- 0:44Whereas I still have some old money habits that probably hurt
- 0:47me. So like even like I feel like I
- 0:50was broke for so long that I would be afraid to check my bank
- 0:53account. I still have that fear sometimes
- 0:55like opening my bank account. And I'm like, why do you have
- 0:58fear? You know, you have money.
- 0:59Like why are you still? Afraid that's an interesting
- 1:02one. That's a good one.
- 1:03Dot com, you know, yeah, I don't know, like there's something
- 1:06about me that's always like, Oh my God, I'm going to get in
- 1:08there. It's going to be negative, you
- 1:10know, like that was just like always, like so broke.
- 1:13That's such a common theme in, in personal finance, which is,
- 1:17you know, just fear to look because you're worried about
- 1:19what you'll see. Like with, especially with
- 1:21things like debt where you're like, I talk to people who don't
- 1:24even want to look at how much debt they have because just
- 1:27facing it is so scary. That's a That's a good one.
- 1:31Yeah, even like a random things, like I got some random music
- 1:33money this morning and I was like, what is that?
- 1:35Don't even worry about it. It's like, yeah, you need to go
- 1:37find out what that is. So, you know, like where it came
- 1:38from, like some of some of it's direct deposit.
- 1:40And it's like even if it's positive, I'm like, don't worry
- 1:43about it. Just it doesn't matter.
- 1:44It's in the account already. Yeah.
- 1:47It's crazy how you know, keeping a track of your own finances is
- 1:51kind of like a little job and it's so easy to just let it go.
- 1:55Even for me that like does this for kind of like a real job.
- 1:59I let things go by the wayside and you're like, oh, how much
- 2:01money is in my bank account? I used to, I used to like
- 2:05balance my checkbook. Like I would keep my own record
- 2:08of every single dollar and I wouldn't like sync it to the
- 2:12online bank. And I did that for years and it
- 2:16just became, you know, too burden.
- 2:17So now I'm just like, kind of like, you're like, how much
- 2:19money do I have? I hope the bank is right.
- 2:21I think it's what everyone does these days.
- 2:23Don't blame Alice and Wilberforce Mundia because they
- 2:26have Immaculate money habits. Like they keep track of
- 2:28everything to this day so I don't know where.
- 2:30Those are your parents names. Yes.
- 2:33OK, what'd what'd you say, Alice?
- 2:35Alice and Wilberforce. Wilberforce.
- 2:38Wilberforce Mandia, that's. All his first name.
- 2:42That's his first name, Wilberforce O Musala Mandia.
- 2:45Wow, I don't think I've ever heard you say his name before.
- 2:48It's amazing. Yeah, it's a pretty It's a he
- 2:51lives up to the name. He's a force to be reckoned
- 2:54with. That's amazing.
- 2:57I so I have a story. So this I think past weekend I
- 3:02was, I bought this is how it started.
- 3:05I went to Costco. I was like, oh, I need tomatoes.
- 3:07I'm at Costco. I might as well.
- 3:08But then Costco sells you like 12 tomatoes and I'm like, you
- 3:12know, I don't really 12, I need like two or three.
- 3:15And so none of these I use more tomatoes.
- 3:16So I was like, OK, I'll make salsa because like that's a
- 3:19really good thing to do with a lot of tomatoes.
- 3:20And so I look up a salsa recipe and then like my heart sinks.
- 3:24So I see this recipe because it's like, Oh, you need a food
- 3:25processor and like, I don't have a food processor and you.
- 3:30Probably get that at Costco. Well, but that's like, that's
- 3:34the money habit. Like that's my money mentality,
- 3:36which is like, I'm not a food processor kind of guy because
- 3:39that's an expensive appliance that I, you know, don't have
- 3:44disposable income for because that's what I would tell myself
- 3:48for like years or decades. Like you can't, you can't buy a,
- 3:53you know, like optional kitchen appliance Not and it was for
- 3:56money reasons. You know, there's other reasons
- 3:57not to, like, some people don't want to clutter their kitchen,
- 3:59which is like totally legit, right?
- 4:02And so I like, my heart sank. I was like, oh, what am I going
- 4:04to do? Like, I just cut it up by hand
- 4:06and have some kind of crappy salsa.
- 4:08And then, you know, sitting there for a minute, I'm like,
- 4:11wait a minute, how much can a food processor really cost?
- 4:14You know, like this isn't like, you know, house.
- 4:16Or like 30 bucks or something like that maybe.
- 4:18Totally on Amazon, you can have it delivered same day for 30
- 4:20bucks. I'm like, this is not like a,
- 4:22this is not a show stop. I'm obviously it's like going to
- 4:24be $30 sauce at this point, but then you'll have a, you'll have
- 4:27it for next time. And so I bought a food
- 4:29processor, you know, somewhat ironically, it got there like in
- 4:32a 5 to 10 window and I wanted to make it before then.
- 4:34So I just used like this little blender.
- 4:36I had like a little smoothie blender, which worked fine.
- 4:40And so now I might have returned the $30 food processor.
- 4:42But the point is I like my, my heart literally suck was like,
- 4:46oh, I'll never be food processor rich.
- 4:48But then I'm like, wait a minute, I could totally afford a
- 4:51food processor and I probably could have back then too, you
- 4:53know, like, but now I can. But I, I do think it's like
- 4:56important to question those, those money mentalities we all
- 4:59have. I'm the opposite of you.
- 5:01I'm I'm like more of an impulse buyer.
- 5:03But what I've done now is I started to make lists and if
- 5:05it's still in there like in a few weeks and like I've checked
- 5:08prices and things like that, then I'll be like, OK, it's this
- 5:10wasn't just like you needed this mic right now, you know, it's
- 5:14like. I love that.
- 5:15Yeah, I have a lot of things like saved in my Amazon cart.
- 5:19So I mean the food processor is a good example.
- 5:20It's like, do I really need this today or could I wait a week?
- 5:23And a lot of those things that you're like, if you're like a
- 5:25week later you're like, no, I still want this like yeah, go do
- 5:27it. But I do like that save it for
- 5:29later thing because maybe half the time you're like, oh,
- 5:31actually that was like more impulse.
- 5:33And then you save some money by not buying it just in that
- 5:35moment. Yeah, now I have a list of like
- 5:37gear that's just like been sitting there for years.
- 5:39So I'm like, that's too much, you know, Like now it's like
- 5:43kind of like, oh, like, you know, how can you not buy that
- 5:46or whatever? So it's more of a game.
- 5:47But yeah, we're the opposite for sure in terms of healthy money
- 5:51happens, but I'm aware and I'm using tools to combat that.
- 5:57Well, that's amazing. And that's what that's what it's
- 6:00all about. Just like this little
- 6:01incremental growth. No one, no one's perfect money.
- 6:02Everyone makes money mistakes. And you know, if you can grow
- 6:06from it, then great. I love it.
- 6:09All right, should we jump in? What is our first topic?
- 6:12We've got a very hot topic. All right, what do we got?
- 6:21OK, so today's topic is from a CNBC Twitter post, although it
- 6:25was probably on every platform. So the caption reads, S&P 500
- 6:30futures and oil futures flashed an unusual burst of activity
- 6:34early Monday, minutes before a market moving social media post
- 6:38from President Donald Trump. The timing of the volume spikes
- 6:41across both equities and crude caught the attention of traders,
- 6:44particularly given the absence of an obvious catalyst at the
- 6:47moment they occurred. So I saw this everywhere.
- 6:49I immediately thought of you. And then I was like, wait, is
- 6:51this fake news 'cause I think I saw it.
- 6:53I saw it on Twitter first. So I was like, is this fake
- 6:55news? Is this is this somebody like
- 6:58blowing up situation that isn't that big of a deal?
- 6:59Then it's really hard to decipher in the news what's a
- 7:02big deal and nowadays. So then when I started seeing it
- 7:05on Instagram ever face everywhere and then I was OK,
- 7:08this is actually a big deal and I want to I can't wait to ask
- 7:10Jeremy about it. So what does this all mean?
- 7:13Great question. And so it's important to know
- 7:17what we're looking at. So there's, there's two charts
- 7:19that include in this article. And I think what we're most
- 7:22often looking at when we look at a stock chart is basically the
- 7:26price of something. So if you look at the Apple
- 7:28stock price, you see this how much a share costs.
- 7:31If you look at oil prices, you see how much oil costs.
- 7:33But there's like a secondary chart shown here, which is the
- 7:37volume. And volume means not only what
- 7:40is it trading at and trading at is like the last trade that
- 7:42occurred. How much did you buy a barrel of
- 7:44oil for? How much did you buy a share of
- 7:46Apple stock for? It also means how many people
- 7:49are trading. And so did like 3 people buy a
- 7:52share, you know, trade a share of Apple stock and anytime
- 7:54there's a volume that means there's like one buy and one
- 7:56sell. So there's got to be two sides
- 7:59to every transaction to create a transaction.
- 8:01And so you know, some people say, oh look there's a lot of
- 8:04buys, there's a lot of sells. That's not actually true.
- 8:07There's a lot of both. There has to be both or else the
- 8:09transaction didn't take place. But if you know, for example,
- 8:13the price spikes up and you see a lot of volume, that means like
- 8:16buyers are basically rushing in to buy more and more and more.
- 8:20And then sellers are getting convinced to sell based on these
- 8:22new higher prices. And that's what the volume is
- 8:25saying. And so this whole article is
- 8:28saying, hey, at, you know, Trump made this tweet around.
- 8:32I'm like trying to look at the chart here just after 7:00 AM,
- 8:36but at like 6:45 AM, there's a spike in the volume that didn't
- 8:41really have any explanation for it.
- 8:45And the kind of obvious, very suspicious conclusion that you
- 8:52draw from that is who made those trades and what did they know
- 8:57that we didn't know 15 minutes beforehand?
- 9:00And it doesn't take a massive logical leap to paint a
- 9:03relatively nefarious picture in your head, which is, hey, what
- 9:07if some people in the room where it happens knew what was about
- 9:12to be tweeted in 15 minutes? And they went into their trading
- 9:16platform and said, hey, I'm going to go make a trade.
- 9:20Like I'm going to go buy, You know, So what happened is this
- 9:22the, you know, the S&P 500 shot up and oil prices shot down
- 9:28because Trump posted something, you know, positive about the
- 9:31outcome of the war or whatever. And so if you knew that ahead of
- 9:35time, you could make trades on that ahead of time and make a
- 9:39bunch of money. And that's called insider
- 9:42trading because that is something that's, you know,
- 9:45material and non public. And when I worked for a publicly
- 9:49traded company, they would hammer that into our heads.
- 9:51If you have material, not material means significant.
- 9:55It's not like, Oh, the CEO had Burger King for lunch today.
- 9:59I'm going to go. I think that's good for the
- 10:00company. Like that's not material because
- 10:02like someone, and there's an argument it could be public if
- 10:04they saw him, if, if he was eating it in public or whatever.
- 10:08But if, if the, if the CEO pulls you aside and privately says,
- 10:12Hey, tomorrow morning I'm making an announcement that, you know,
- 10:16we're going out of business because we're about to go
- 10:18bankrupt and no one knows. That's very material and
- 10:22apparently it's very non public. And so if I then went to my
- 10:25stock website and said, OK, I'm going to sell all my stock and
- 10:28short the stock stock and buy a lot of puts and do whatever I
- 10:32can to make money off of this news.
- 10:34And then it happens and I profit.
- 10:36That's insider trading. That's illegal.
- 10:39And the reason it's illegal is because it hurts those people
- 10:42who are trading honestly, you know, if I'm interested in that
- 10:46company and that example I just gave you and I'm, oh, I might
- 10:49buy it. I think they've got future
- 10:51prospects. Oh, someone's selling, I'll go
- 10:52buy their shares. Great.
- 10:54And then the news hits 10 minutes later, like, oh, I kind
- 10:56of just got conned into buying these, these like less valuable
- 10:59shares now because that guy knew something I didn't.
- 11:02That's not fair. And when there's that
- 11:05unfairness, it creates distrust in the market.
- 11:09And that can erode the foundations on which we all
- 11:13enjoy this like very mature economic system we have where
- 11:17banks and stock markets and things like that all work.
- 11:21And so, you know, some people might think, oh, insider
- 11:25trading's somewhat of a victimless crime.
- 11:28It all just gets gets lost in the wash, which I guess to some
- 11:31degree is true. But if you're the person who
- 11:33made that trade, like, oh, I shouldn't have paid $80 a share
- 11:36for this. I should have paid 60.
- 11:37And now I'm out the money or whatever it is because I didn't
- 11:40have the information. So, but what do we know?
- 11:45We know only that there was like a spike 15 minutes before this
- 11:48announcement. And sometimes spikes just
- 11:53happen. You know, the article kind of
- 11:54says this is like very early morning hours where there's very
- 11:57little news happening. And so spikes are very unusual
- 12:00in this case. But still, it even says
- 12:03sometimes like algorithms can catch wind of a barometric
- 12:08pressure change in New York, which is public information and
- 12:11decide that's going to, you know, correlate with bad things.
- 12:14And the algorithms go crazy and there's a little spike for no
- 12:16reason. Is it that is it not?
- 12:18And then, you know, they asked the SEC and they said, hey,
- 12:21governing body that overseas this stuff.
- 12:24Why is why are people trading right before Trump tweets?
- 12:27It looks very suspicious. What is this?
- 12:29And the SEC said no comment. And OK, can I can I ask a dumb
- 12:34one in the middle of this? Oh my.
- 12:35Gosh, can you ever? You.
- 12:37Know we're out there yet? You're kind of.
- 12:39I wanna order here. Sorry.
- 12:43OK. I know that I saw some articles
- 12:45that were saying who exactly was profiting off of this.
- 12:48Is it just that we can see that there's a spike or is can we see
- 12:51who's traded? Is that public at all?
- 12:54To my knowledge, you can't just look up who's making trades.
- 12:58I don't think that's publicly disclosed.
- 13:00I think certain people's trades are publicly disclosed.
- 13:02For example, you can go, you know, Google, Elon Musk, Tesla
- 13:07trades and they are required, you know, you know, significant
- 13:10insiders. There's reporting requirements
- 13:12by law that says, you know, you know, trusts Musk has to
- 13:15announce his trades, but I don't think he even needs to in
- 13:18advance. I'm not fully sure.
- 13:20Don't quote me on that. They they need to be made
- 13:22public. So you know what they're doing.
- 13:24But you know, if there's just rent, like it's just a random
- 13:28Joe Blow with a Robin Hood account goes and trades.
- 13:30I, I don't think you can like go look up his home address and
- 13:33shake him down and be like, why did you buy it at 6:45 AM?
- 13:37Right, right, right and. So, you know, I think the SEC
- 13:39can do, you know, go subpoena Robin Hood and say, yo, why did
- 13:43all these trades come in? And we need we're investigating
- 13:45an insider trading suspicion. And maybe that's what's going
- 13:49on, you know, declined to comment.
- 13:50Who knows what that means. Like maybe there's an ongoing
- 13:52investigation or maybe the bosses at the SEC says don't
- 13:56look into that. You have to kind of ask
- 13:59yourself, is this, you know, we know the Trump tweet happened.
- 14:03So then you have to ask yourself, is the administration
- 14:05or the people around him, is that a group of people who have
- 14:08been very strictly driven by integrity as far as you know?
- 14:14And I think your answer to that question price very strictly
- 14:16depends on the news that you consume.
- 14:18And some people will say yes and some people will say no.
- 14:22You know, for me, I go back to things like early, this is like
- 14:25early on 2016, first, first presidential run before Trump
- 14:33ran, it was just status like status quo for every single
- 14:37presidential nominee to release their tax returns to say, hey,
- 14:41here's the the money that I am, you know, beholden to here's how
- 14:47much I make, here's who's paying me.
- 14:49It seems like the most easy transparent move in the world
- 14:52for a presidential nominee to say this is who owns me or
- 14:55whatever, or at least in so far as a tax return can can show
- 14:58that. And Trump didn't.
- 15:00He's like, I'm not doing that. And at the time he's like, oh,
- 15:03well, cuz I'm under audit and I can't do it cuz I'm under audit.
- 15:06And the IRS was like, you can do whatever you want.
- 15:08You know, the audit didn't have an NDA associated with it.
- 15:13But now we're here, you know, whatever that is 10 years later
- 15:16and still he hasn't released. In fact, he's, he's sued people
- 15:19several times who have attempted to release his tax returns or
- 15:21leaked parts of it or whatever. And so, you know, it doesn't
- 15:24strike me as the kind of financial behavior that screams
- 15:29integrity or transparency. And so is that sort of thing
- 15:33leaking down to the SEC and how they investigate these things?
- 15:36I don't know. We don't know.
- 15:38And so the the unfortunate part is, you know, all we know is
- 15:42there's a spike and we don't know what it why it was
- 15:45currently. I hope it gets sorted out
- 15:48because I hope I we don't have trust about the market.
- 15:50But the good news, I think for listeners of the show is you can
- 15:56actually sleep very easy if you are not a trader.
- 16:00You know, this is these these are like pre market moves and
- 16:03you know what they called futures, which is basically
- 16:05betting if the market or oil prices go up or down, you know,
- 16:09that's like very sophisticated gamblers essentially who are
- 16:12making those moves. And while erodes general trust,
- 16:16trust in the market for an individual investor, something
- 16:19like this has virtue no impact. You know, I slept through this
- 16:22entire thing, my price before my price after don't care because I
- 16:26wasn't trading on that in that window and I never would because
- 16:29I'm buying for years and decades, not, you know, minutes
- 16:34before the open of the market and and all that stuff kind of
- 16:37comes out in the wash. I'm not saying it's not
- 16:39important. It is, but you know, the price
- 16:41adjusts and the people who got burned were the people who were
- 16:43buying that second. You know, for sure, if you're
- 16:45like buying an ETF in a specific window and there's insiders
- 16:48operating in that window, it could exactly hurt you.
- 16:51But if you're like periodically investing monthly over time and
- 16:54holding for years, this stuff doesn't really directly matter
- 16:58to you other than, like I said, erosion of trust in the, the
- 17:02system. And so that's your specific take
- 17:06away, which is kind of the always what I say, which is
- 17:08don't really worry about these macroeconomic headlines.
- 17:11You know, worry about what you worry about, which is can you
- 17:14get a raise at work? Can you return that food
- 17:18processor and get 30 bucks back and go buy half a share food
- 17:21processor? Oh, she says.
- 17:24Well this is much smaller than I realized.
- 17:25Yeah, I kind of bought it very impulse and then I'd have to
- 17:28make it the sauce on like 4 different segments.
- 17:31So maybe I just need a bigger food?
- 17:32Processor you need a bigger spend more.
- 17:34Exactly. And they, they range, there's
- 17:36like a $30 version and there's like a $200 version.
- 17:38So I'm like, do I need a $200 food processor that I'm going to
- 17:41use once every three years to make salsa?
- 17:45The answer is maybe. Well, stay tuned for the next
- 17:48episode, you'll find out. I'm on the edge of my seat.
- 17:51Yeah, but you know, it's an interesting news story And, and,
- 17:55and for, you know, I don't, I don't have a strong opinion on
- 17:59what this is. I don't know.
- 18:00You know, I think in fact, if you look at the rest of this
- 18:03chart, there's like a few other spikes throughout the day that
- 18:06look kind of similar that don't, you know, I, I don't know, maybe
- 18:09Trump tweeted something that I haven't looked at every single,
- 18:12every single hour by hour, you know, Trump tweet versus volume
- 18:16chart. And he's not even on Twitter,
- 18:18he's on true social, which I'll never get on.
- 18:20So those have to be forwarded to me on like another social media
- 18:24platform. And the algorithm knows better.
- 18:26You just see them on CNBC when someone screenshots them.
- 18:30But for sure, like you're not, Jen, but for sure traders are
- 18:33right. Because if traders want to know
- 18:35within seconds what Trump tweeted because I was going to
- 18:38move markets, then, then they're going to be on Truth Social,
- 18:42right? So.
- 18:43Well I'm also not a day trader, so good for me.
- 18:46Good, very good for you. And the good news is, in fact,
- 18:49as we're filming, as we're recording this, the market's up
- 18:52like 3% the last two days. I know that time it airs, there
- 18:55will be a different market situation.
- 18:56But you know, despite all the bad, you know, bad market stuff
- 19:01happening lately, we've had two really good days and.
- 19:03And great, because I'm going to sell a little bit every year for
- 19:07the next 40 years and let the market continue to compound and
- 19:10I don't need to worry about this day-to-day stuff.
- 19:13Nice y'all be like Jeremy. He slept through.
- 19:15He wasn't up for that 5:45 AM Trump tweet.
- 19:17I was up for the 5:42 AM Thai crying though, which really hurt
- 19:22my awakened future. You didn't immediately check the
- 19:25stock market. I was worried about the diaper
- 19:29market and the screaming my earrings.
- 19:32Market. Exactly.
- 19:34That's that market's a booming at the Schneider Jones
- 19:37household. No, no, no, no, we don't need
- 19:40that visual. Let's move on to money.
- 19:43Money. Can I ask a dumb one?
- 19:47All right, you're asking smart questions to a dumb guy.
- 19:51What do we? Yeah.
- 19:52That was a what I asked was a fake dumb one.
- 19:53This is a real dumb question. This is a real this is a
- 19:57question from a real listener K from I hope I'm saying this
- 20:00right. Menominee Falls, Wisconsin,
- 20:03which is such a fun name. Like let's go Menominee.
- 20:07What's that song? Mahamana, What's that?
- 20:11But you know. It's not.
- 20:12Is that, is that Sesame? Yeah, I'm pretty sure that's
- 20:14like Sesame Street. Yeah, Mahamana or the puppets
- 20:19do. Do do do false do do do do do.
- 20:24No, The Muppets. That's not Sesame.
- 20:25That's Muppets. That's not, that's not the same
- 20:27thing. Oh, that's a different Yeah,
- 20:28Muppets. No.
- 20:29Isn't like Miss Piggy and and like Oscar the Grouch?
- 20:32Aren't they in different universes?
- 20:33That's different, right? You're right.
- 20:36I think so, right? Some reason I conflated the two.
- 20:38Now I'm actually now I'm questioning my whole Sesame
- 20:41Street. Yeah, because who are The
- 20:42Muppets? Who's a Muppet?
- 20:44So like Kermit the Frog, Miss Piggy, Beaker, Beaker.
- 20:48And all them. And then Sesame Street's like
- 20:50Big Bird, Bert, Ernie, I think those are different.
- 20:53I don't think they know each other these.
- 20:55Are different. It's like a.
- 20:56Marvel DC thing, It's like Superman.
- 20:58Although I feel like there's some is there?
- 21:00No, let me not even get into that because I'll get in trouble
- 21:02with the comic book nerds. Well, now you have to say it
- 21:06well. I was going to say, isn't there
- 21:08like some crossover now with like universes?
- 21:11I do know this. You and I are the perfect two
- 21:13people to have this conversation because I don't think we could
- 21:17even possibly name for superheroes.
- 21:21We're going to get through Superman.
- 21:24Yeah, Batman. OK, give me three more.
- 21:27Wait, what'd you say? Batwoman.
- 21:30OK. Storm, I know a lot of.
- 21:32Superheroes. OK, and now give me the
- 21:34universes of those. I know Superman is oh shit now
- 21:38we. Nope.
- 21:39Iron Man is Iron Man is Marvel for sure.
- 21:42Robert Downey Junior Is Marvel Down?
- 21:45Right. Apologies.
- 21:48We need to, we need to send a formal apology to all comic book
- 21:51fans. Like what'd you say?
- 21:53That's. All I know I said Black Panther
- 21:56is Marvel recipe to Chadwick Boseman.
- 21:58OK, so let's let's ask this question from Kay from Menominee
- 22:02Falls. OK, she says after taking
- 22:05Jeremy's course, I've started investing in BFORX Target
- 22:09Retirement Fund since October. The market, the market has
- 22:13fluctuated of course, and I currently only am about $500 up
- 22:17from where I started. That's over three months.
- 22:19I understand that the market does go up and down but has
- 22:22historically grown at a rate of about 10% per year.
- 22:25Once you become FIRE, should you have a year worth of expenses
- 22:28saved up in cash to live off, then replenish it from the one
- 22:31year worth of dividends from your target date funds
- 22:34investment because it is clearly unreliable to get that 4% return
- 22:37every month. These are kind of like 2
- 22:39separate thoughts, but maybe she wants you to comment on the 1st
- 22:41and answer the second. Totally.
- 22:44So I mean, first of all, Kay, amazing work.
- 22:46Congratulations on getting started.
- 22:49You know, investing early and often in a target date index
- 22:52fund like VFORX is, you know, essentially optimal investing.
- 22:57You're doing incredible. The hard part now you know,
- 23:00you've, you've essentially solved investing.
- 23:02Like, you know, day trading futures based on Trump truths is
- 23:06not how you get rich. That's how to stay broke for the
- 23:08rest of your life. Doing what you're doing,
- 23:10investing early and often and acquiring shares and letting
- 23:13those compound over time. That's how you get rich.
- 23:15So you've solved investing, but the hard part is sticking with
- 23:18it, right? The hard part is being
- 23:19consistent, letting time do its work.
- 23:22And you're three months in, three months in is like baby,
- 23:25baby, baby. That's like brand new.
- 23:26Three months in. The chance of the market being
- 23:28up in any three month period is like just over 50%.
- 23:32You know, it's almost a coin flip.
- 23:33And the fact that we're, you know, a month into a war and
- 23:37you're still up a little bit is actually like kind of an amazing
- 23:39thing. You know it could.
- 23:41Easily be down probably from like four months.
- 23:45OK. So yeah.
- 23:46Well, never mind, Kay, you're currently down.
- 23:49Sorry about that. But that goes to my point, which
- 23:51is like early on, you know this, this 10% thing is not reliable.
- 23:56Yeah, four months. OK, Sorry.
- 23:59Yeah, well, you're currently down, probably.
- 24:02Yeah, you're currently down because the market's down a few
- 24:04percent this year so far. But, you know, but that's kind
- 24:08of my point, which is the the market rarely returns 10%.
- 24:11It's not like getting a pension payment or a bond payment or
- 24:14interest in the savings account. The market sometimes returns 25%
- 24:19a year, Sometimes it's -16% sometimes it's 2%, sometimes
- 24:23it's 18%, sometimes it's -4%. And when you add up those, you
- 24:27know, compound those over time. You can't just add them up and
- 24:30average them out because you actually have to like multiply
- 24:31them together to figure out where you're at.
- 24:33It basically has a compound annual growth rate of around
- 24:3710%, but you don't withdraw 10% per year in retirement.
- 24:41That's too risky because you can't count on the 10%.
- 24:44That's why, you know, the rule of thumb is 4% is like a
- 24:48reasonable safe withdrawal rate. And so you know, let me say, let
- 24:52me give you an example. Let's say you retire with a
- 24:54million dollars, 4% of that is $40,000.
- 24:58So your safe withdrawal amount is $40,000.
- 25:00And the way that works is you take that $40,000 every year,
- 25:04and you also increase it for inflation so that you don't need
- 25:06to like live on less every year. You're kind of maintaining A
- 25:10consistent level of living based on things becoming more
- 25:13expensive. So like, let's say you're #1 you
- 25:16retire with million, you take your 40,000 and the market goes
- 25:20down 5% that year, with the market being down 5%.
- 25:23And your $40,000 draw, your $1,000,000 broad strokes became
- 25:27$910,000 -, 50% from the market going down -40 from the draw,
- 25:33now you're down to 910. And so the market's down.
- 25:37You took out your 40. Year 2, you take out another
- 25:40$40,000. But let's say year 2, the
- 25:42market's up 20%. Now at the end of year 2, you're
- 25:46at one point O $4 million. So you're kind of above your
- 25:48original million. And so that's kind of, you know,
- 25:52those are like 2 hypothetical first two years, mark it down,
- 25:55mark it up. And it just shows you're taking
- 25:58out a little enough that the remainder can can be a little
- 26:01bit volatile. And so it's not like you're
- 26:03going to see a dividend payment or an interest payment that's
- 26:06reliably 4%. It's just that you're relying on
- 26:11this average 10% growth over long periods of time to continue
- 26:14to be true, while you're taking out a small amount to not kind
- 26:17of kill the the nest egg. And so, you know, do you take it
- 26:23all in January for 12 months? Do you take it month by month?
- 26:27And the answer to that is it doesn't really matter.
- 26:29You know, you say it's unreliable, but it's not
- 26:32reliable to only be living off the growth.
- 26:34It's reliable to just trust the process and say, hey, even if I
- 26:38have one or two or three down years in a row, I'm still going
- 26:40to stick to the plan. Take my 4% of that original
- 26:43amount adjusted up for inflation and trust that the market's
- 26:47going to recover. And even if it has three bad
- 26:49years, maybe it's going to have seven good years after that or
- 26:51whatever it is, the market usually goes up.
- 26:53You know, there's, if there's a bad year, it's usually by
- 26:56itself. You know, 2 bad years in a row
- 26:57is is unusual. Historically, no one knows the
- 27:00future. We could get to buy an asteroid
- 27:01and all this could be moot. But that's kind of what it's all
- 27:05about. And so I say, OK, you're
- 27:10crushing it. You've solved investing.
- 27:12You're doing very well, but you're very, very early.
- 27:15And the longer that you do this, the more comfortable it's going
- 27:18to feel with volatility. You know, you're three months
- 27:21in, you're like, I'm only at 500.
- 27:23You know, as of airing of this, you're probably down a little
- 27:24bit. That's OK.
- 27:26Keep sticking to the process. Keep investing early and often.
- 27:30Don't worry about your three month return.
- 27:32Don't worry about your six month return.
- 27:33Think about what the plan is for the next 40 years and you will
- 27:37crush it. Nice, you did a good job of
- 27:41explaining the what happens once you retire.
- 27:44I like that. Yeah, I think a lot of people
- 27:47just get too worried about, you know, the what happens if the
- 27:52market's down? Well, if the market's down, you
- 27:55don't sell everything and be like, oh, I lost the game.
- 27:57I'm a, I'm a loser. No, no, no, you're still like,
- 27:59if you retire at 65, you're still have maybe 30 years of
- 28:03life on average left because 65 year olds usually live past the
- 28:06normal average because you didn't die for the 1st 65 years
- 28:08of your life. And so, you know, you have 30
- 28:12years. So you, you're only taking a
- 28:13little 4% out at 65 and a little 4% out at 66.
- 28:16And whatever's happening those years doesn't really matter that
- 28:18much. Yeah, no, that made it make a
- 28:21lot of sense. And I feel like we talk about
- 28:23what's happening now so much and I know we've done the 4% rule
- 28:26and things like that, but that feels like the first time we've
- 28:29like you've broken it down like quite like that.
- 28:31That was T. OK, good.
- 28:33OK, showing numbers in the microphone again.
- 28:37It felt very manageable. I don't know what you did.
- 28:39Differently. OK, good.
- 28:40Let's move on to scroll Patrol. Scroll Patrol.
- 28:50All right, I've got a video here.
- 28:51I got it from the Internet. Ever heard of it?
- 28:55Jeremy has not seen this video. We're going to click on it.
- 28:57We're going to watch it together and Jeremy is going to give us
- 29:00his very informed thoughts. All right, I have not seen this
- 29:04video. I'm gonna watch it now.
- 29:06Iran denies Trump's negotiation claims and stocks don't care.
- 29:10Here's why. Stocks look like they were going
- 29:12to absolutely vomit early this morning after four straight
- 29:16weeks of selling off. Then Trump tweets.
- 29:18We are in negotiation with Iran and stocks absolutely RIP higher
- 29:22today. Now Iran claims there are no
- 29:24talks. You have to separate politics
- 29:27from markets because from a market perspective, it doesn't
- 29:30matter whether talks are actually happening.
- 29:32It matters what this message signals.
- 29:35And the signal is the US is looking to deescalate.
- 29:39That's why stocks rallied. Good investors separate noise
- 29:43from signal. Hit follow to get smarter
- 29:45financially. Yeah.
- 29:46So that guy is named Taylor, and I actually know him in real
- 29:50life. Kind of a funny story, which is
- 29:54I met him, he was just some dude at Fincon with no social media
- 29:58account whatsoever. And we were talking about what I
- 30:02was doing and he's like, oh, how do you have so many followers?
- 30:05And I kind of broke it down for him.
- 30:07And so he started posting and now he has 300,000 followers on
- 30:11Instagram, maybe even more on on Tiktok.
- 30:13I don't know. But like, I little, you know, I
- 30:17mean, he's obviously doing all the work himself and he probably
- 30:19talked to a bunch of people at Fincon.
- 30:20But I think if you ask him, he might point to that conversation
- 30:23as like the core moment that he. So basically what you're saying
- 30:29is you made him who he is. I made him, I made him and he
- 30:31owes me everything and. I honestly, as we were watching
- 30:35it, I was like, Oh my gosh, I'm glad you know him because I was
- 30:38watching it and I was like, I'm getting to the point where I
- 30:39don't know which videos are AI and which ones aren't still like
- 30:43it's getting. And I was like, the way he
- 30:44edited it kind of chopped you like that.
- 30:46I was like, Oh my gosh, is he AI?
- 30:47Is Jeremy going to roast me in a?
- 30:48Second, damn, that's a scary time.
- 30:51Like, you know, he's literally as a dude walking around with
- 30:53his phone, you know, making these videos.
- 30:56Yeah. And, you know, he's like a Wall
- 30:59Street guy knows finance, you know, has, you know, pretty
- 31:03thoughtful takes on this stuff. You know, I don't like, you
- 31:05know, he's not like my best friend or anything.
- 31:07I don't like necessarily endorse every single thing he posts.
- 31:09I don't necessarily endorse everything anyone posts.
- 31:12But yeah, he seems like he's a relatively thoughtful guy about
- 31:14all this. And into the review of his his
- 31:20little TikTok there, his little reel, you know, I think he's
- 31:23essentially right, which is the market isn't reflecting reality
- 31:29as of now. The market is reacting to
- 31:33predictions to the future. And the little contrast he
- 31:35pointed out was really funny, which is Trump said, oh, we're
- 31:39in great talks with Iran and Iran's like, no, we're not.
- 31:44And the market's like, we don't care.
- 31:46If Trump thinks things are going better, then we're betting
- 31:48things are going to go better. And so we're going to like
- 31:50rally. And you know, there's an old
- 31:53saying with a stock market, which is buy on rumor, sell on
- 31:56news, which means if you hear something's about to happen,
- 32:00it's time to buy. Once it actually does happen,
- 32:02now it's too late. So you sell.
- 32:04And in reality, the reality is buying on rumor is too late.
- 32:08Like we literally just talked about in the last segment, you
- 32:10need to buy before the rumor, right?
- 32:12The rumor is Trump spreading this rumor that talks are
- 32:15happening with Iran, which aren't happening.
- 32:17Buying before the rumors how you actually make money.
- 32:19And unfortunately what that leaves us normal non insiders
- 32:23with is this impossible situation is by the time
- 32:26anything hits your eyeballs or your ears, it's too late.
- 32:28The market's already moved. You can't buy a rumor.
- 32:31The rumor is already priced in by the time it's processed by
- 32:34your brain because there are algorithmic traders trading
- 32:37every thousandth of a second. And so it's all priced in the
- 32:40market whenever a human is aware of it.
- 32:42And so, you know, he's a much more active investor than I am.
- 32:46He's not like a buy and hold index fund guy.
- 32:48He's like a trying to break down the workings of individual
- 32:51trades kind of guy. And I'm not.
- 32:53And so I can gladly say, yeah, everything he said makes perfect
- 32:56sense. I still don't do a single darn
- 32:58thing about it. I do what I tell KK to do from
- 33:01the last segment, which is, hey, I'm going to keep like just
- 33:06trot, trot, trudging away. What's the word like marching
- 33:08away? Yeah.
- 33:10Trudging away. OK, then maybe that's the word.
- 33:12Trudging away. Buying a few shares here, buying
- 33:14a few shares there with my extra money every month, putting it
- 33:17in. Not worrying about if it's rumor
- 33:18and not worrying about if it's news.
- 33:19Not worrying about what Trump says or what Iran says because
- 33:23this whole Trump Iran headline is going to be way in the rear
- 33:26view mirror in six months when it's a new scary headline that
- 33:28I'm also going to not care about.
- 33:30I'm buying the companies of the world that are to continue to
- 33:33operate. And there's this amazing machine
- 33:36that pumps the value of the companies of the world directly
- 33:38into my bank account. God accept the volatility.
- 33:42Guys like Taylor who are more active and moving the markets on
- 33:45a daily basis, Don't worry about that.
- 33:47That's just going to be part of the part of the trade off for
- 33:50me. But I'm going to profit
- 33:52handsomely over time because the companies, the world continue to
- 33:55grow. And so, yeah, I, you know, I
- 33:58give this video an A minus because, you know, I think
- 34:01everything he says technically correct, but I just don't think
- 34:04the take away is buying rumors, sell news.
- 34:07I think the take away is ignore the headlines, ignore the news,
- 34:11ignore the rumors. Buy, buy, buy, buy low, buy
- 34:14high. Keep buying.
- 34:16That's how you maximize your compound growth.
- 34:19Nice K from Menominee 1, Taylor 0.
- 34:24I feel like sometimes we review these people.
- 34:26I'm like, there is no way on earth they will ever get this.
- 34:28I think Taylor has like an outside chance he's going to
- 34:30listen to. So hey Taylor, I hope I didn't
- 34:32just offend you by. I'm glad you're not AI.
- 34:37No shade, I'm just starting to get closer.
- 34:39It's not you bro, it's. It's a scary, I mean, I don't
- 34:42know, maybe maybe he has an AI perfect avatar that can just
- 34:46pump out these videos. I I suspect he still is.
- 34:49So as well, I feel like they don't have the mouth right quite
- 34:53yet. Have you seen that video that's
- 34:55going viral right now about the guy who put like a face over him
- 34:59and he's in India, but he put a white face over him and they
- 35:01asked him to put fingers in front of his face and he won't
- 35:04do it. Oh yeah, he's like.
- 35:06It's like a job interview. Doing a sales pitch or yeah,
- 35:08some sort of financial and and he holds up three fingers over
- 35:11here. But he knows that if it like if
- 35:13he goes like this and messes with the filter, what's scary is
- 35:15like it's super, you know, when I'm sitting there squinting,
- 35:19looking at his face over this like Pixley Zoom recording or
- 35:22whatever it is like, I wouldn't, I wouldn't have questioned it,
- 35:25you know, until as soon as he went through it, Of course.
- 35:27Like, OK, well, now you're obviously lying because there's
- 35:29no look, I'm doing it right now, see, and.
- 35:31Also, I feel like if you're a recruiter, they're dealing with
- 35:34crazy amounts of like AI technology and like having to,
- 35:38you know, like recruiter specifically where you're just
- 35:40pumping out numbers day after day.
- 35:42Maybe if you're like a company that only does interviews every
- 35:44once in a while, you might not catch it, which is so crazy to
- 35:48me. I could.
- 35:51Have been AIII mean we, you know, we're small, we don't hire
- 35:53that often, but you know, as a programmer, my I usually ask
- 35:57programming questions and now we're to a point where you can
- 36:00literally just take my programming questions, copy and
- 36:02paste in one fell soup, put it in literally any AI and it gives
- 36:07like a really, really good answer.
- 36:08And so, you know, and you know, maybe that's OK because you know
- 36:14it, it just means like that's not a good way to test them
- 36:16anymore. And the question is OK, if I if
- 36:18they can do that, then they can do that here at their job too,
- 36:21which is fine. But then what, you know, what
- 36:23skills do we need to be testing for?
- 36:26It's more like understanding the stuff and, you know, it's kind
- 36:28of like higher level thinking, which is just the world's a
- 36:31change. And Jen.
- 36:32Gosh, here we are. All right, we have one final
- 36:35segment. Let's get into it.
- 36:37Money. Money.
- 36:40Jeremy had time today. We're in the comments section.
- 36:44I am. Where am I?
- 36:45I'm on. I'm on.
- 36:46Instagram. Yeah, I got quite a roast.
- 36:50The old grand. Firing.
- 36:51Yeah, I'm back on Instagram. I I.
- 36:53Most of his comments are exceedingly nice.
- 36:55Yeah, exactly. I know they're almost all
- 36:57accurate too, you know. Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- 36:59So, so I'm curious about this one.
- 37:02This is a post a carousel on Instagram titled How I Retired
- 37:06at 36 includes several slides that show you how your net worth
- 37:10increased over the years. Do you want to explain what
- 37:12we're seeing before we get into the comments section?
- 37:15Yeah, basically I made this little swipey carousel thing
- 37:17that kind of walked through my, you know, every few years update
- 37:21of my net worth and kind of what I'm doing in life.
- 37:25And so, you know, back in 2010, for example, it said my net
- 37:29worth was $41,000. I was, you know, I was, what
- 37:32does it say, 30 years old at that time and paying myself
- 37:36$36,000 a year driving a 1999 Ford Explorer.
- 37:40And then, you know, Fast forward three years, now my net worth is
- 37:43up to 110,000 still driving a 99 Ford Explorer.
- 37:47And it kind of just goes to show like, hey, this is, this is my
- 37:50path. This is how I got there.
- 37:54Some of it was selling a company, some of it was
- 37:56investing, some of it was Roth. I raise whatever.
- 37:58And then this very thoughtful, reasonable commenter said.
- 38:03How did your net worth grow from 41,000 to 110,000 in three
- 38:08years, a $69,000 increase from 30 to 33 when you only put
- 38:1215,005 thousand per year total and index funds?
- 38:16Did the market do extremely well in those years?
- 38:20That's a perfectly reasonable question and so and I went back
- 38:24and fact checked myself to provide this answer.
- 38:28Number one, I agree it doesn't make perfect sense with those
- 38:31numbers if you go and part of that is because you know first
- 38:35of all this was like 16 years ago and I am going based on the
- 38:38record keeping I've done along the way.
- 38:40And also that record keeping isn't like a perfect like
- 38:43day-to-day tracking. I think the $110,000 was kind of
- 38:47like my maximum net worth before, right before I sold my
- 38:52company where the network shut up by $2,000,000.
- 38:55And so it's a little bit hard to back into OK, if I on January
- 39:011st 2010 to January 1st, 2013. And I also think they're like
- 39:05end of year numbers. And so you know, the numbers are
- 39:11a little bit squishy is the first answer.
- 39:13The second answer is the market did do extremely well like you
- 39:16suggested. So if I go and put, I went back
- 39:19and put my put these numbers into an S&P 500 calculator from
- 39:232011 to 2014 was kind of the end of year, you know the end of
- 39:27year of those numbers and the market was up 15.4% annualized
- 39:31over that time. If you take that plus my 41,000
- 39:34plus my $5000 per year over the time it comes out to about
- 39:38$87,000. And so, you know, most of that
- 39:42was just the growth of the market during those two years.
- 39:46And the bigger the number gets, the, the more it gets.
- 39:49So, you know, we're still, you know, 8087 thousand, we're still
- 39:52off by $23,000. Also during that time, you know,
- 39:58part of that was just, it wasn't exactly 3 years, it was probably
- 40:013 1/2 years or whatever. Part of that was.
- 40:04I think I took out some cash from my company.
- 40:08The the transaction when I sold my company was like a.
- 40:11No cash, no debt transaction. So we paid off all our debts and
- 40:15drain the bank account. I think I might have gotten that
- 40:18might be all of it right. There actually might be 20,000
- 40:20from that or something. I also started a side hustle
- 40:23during that period where I start another little website that was
- 40:26actually cash flow positive. And so I might have had 10 grand
- 40:29from that that ended up in in my investment accounts.
- 40:34And then there's some small stuff too, like I sold, I sold a
- 40:37car in there. I sold a.
- 40:37You sold. A food processor.
- 40:40I returned a food processor to Amazon for $30.
- 40:43Add that, and then I sold a car for $6000 and I bought a new car
- 40:49for $3000. I literally downgraded my car
- 40:52and had a net cash influx of $3000.
- 40:55And so, you know, the the answer is it's all these things.
- 40:59It's like a little bit messier than you know.
- 41:01I think all of our lives are a little messier than I put $500 a
- 41:04month into an S&P 500 index fund and spend and earn no other
- 41:08money anywhere else in life. I think everyone's situation is
- 41:11a little bit more complex than that.
- 41:12But for what it's worth, like these numbers are from my actual
- 41:15spreadsheet where I track my net worth every year and I look at
- 41:18them at the end of the year. And I think I think those are
- 41:20the answers. And so, you know, you're very
- 41:22right to say, hey, that doesn't quite add up.
- 41:24And you're right, it doesn't quite add up.
- 41:25But this isn't a track record of how did the market do over these
- 41:31three years. It's a track record of how did
- 41:33Jeremy do and Jeremy had some other stuff going on, as we all
- 41:37do. Yeah, you need more haters
- 41:39because these people are being too nice to you and.
- 41:41They're also like usually right too, which is the most
- 41:43frustrating part, you know, and they're usually like a lot of
- 41:47these comments are like, OK, yeah, what about this?
- 41:49And I'm like, yeah, it doesn't say that in there because it's
- 41:51Instagram. And it's like, you know, 1000
- 41:54pixels by 1000 pixels that I can let you know.
- 41:56I can't put my. Yeah, but you have like 3
- 41:58paragraph comments. You know what's up Jeremy?
- 42:00Maybe your Maybe your captions need to be better.
- 42:02Oh, the captions. Well, people don't read the
- 42:04captions. I guarantee people only the
- 42:06captions. And if I put them the caption
- 42:09they still would comment that no, this person was super nice.
- 42:11And that's a perfectly, perfectly nice comment.
- 42:15Yeah, you need more haters also, because that will mean that
- 42:17you're doing better, because that's how you know.
- 42:19Yeah, that's true. You know you need like Michael
- 42:22Jordan. He would create haters.
- 42:24He would create haters. What does that mean?
- 42:26Yeah, he wouldn't even have people who are really against
- 42:27him and he would just be like, I've just made it up in my head,
- 42:30watched it out. I thought he would like go like
- 42:33push a little kid in the mud or something.
- 42:36And be like, I took that personally.
- 42:37Have you not seen that Michael Jordan?
- 42:38Me. Or yeah, yeah, no, I definitely.
- 42:40I definitely saw that, took that first.
- 42:41Like what? I love that.
- 42:44I mean, all right, I'm going to need to get more of a Jordan
- 42:47mentality. Yeah, you need more haters so we
- 42:49can get better comments. Well, thank you anonymous
- 42:51commenter for your thoughtful comment and we actually have
- 42:55made it to the end of the episode, believe it or not.
- 42:57Yeah, thank you all for joining. It's been a blast.
- 43:00And if you want to be like hey, and build a lot of wealth, you
- 43:03gotta do what? You do nominee.
- 43:05From Menominee we think it might be pronounced.
- 43:09Thought you were saying it wrong the whole time.
- 43:10You know, there it's I'm sure it's wrong.
- 43:13I'm from the Midwest too. I feel like we have all these
- 43:14like Native American names, like infiltrated in our but but I
- 43:18think that's like I'm from Michigan and she's from
- 43:20Wisconsin. You only know how like your
- 43:22state crazy things are pronounced like Kalamazoo, OR.
- 43:27How many different ways can you say Menominee?
- 43:29Menominee. You started saying Menominee and
- 43:32I went Menominee and so there's at least 2.
- 43:35This is recording medium. We'll find out.
- 43:37Yeah, let's replay that. Let's see who said it each way
- 43:40first. Put it right in here, Sahil.
- 43:41Menominee Falls, Wisconsin, which is such a fun name.
- 43:45What's that song I'm bringing? Extra work.
- 43:48I'm bringing receipts to the podcast from from 20 minutes
- 43:52ago. Fine, OK.
- 43:53But don't. Don't listen for who is in what
- 43:58Marvel Universe, and don't listen for who's a Muppet and
- 44:01who's a Sesame Street 'cause we, we really have no idea.
- 44:04We are not, we are not experting that.
- 44:06But I do know that if you want to build wealth, you got to
- 44:09follow the 2 rules of Personal Finance Club.
- 44:11Rule #1 live below your means and rule #2 invest early and
- 44:15often. See you next week.
- 44:16The personal finance club show is produced by Jeremy Schneider
- 44:19and Jen Mundia, music by Essa Balu and Homie.
- 44:22Send your questions to podcast at personalfinanceclub.com.
- 44:26The Personal Finance Club show is Co hosted by Jeremy Schneider
- 44:29who is a co-owner of Nectarine and SEC Registered Investment
- 44:33Advisor. The views expressed on this show
- 44:35are those of the hosts and guests and do not necessarily
- 44:37reflect the views of Nectarine. Please refer to
- 44:40hellonectarine.com for all relevant disclosures.
- 44:44This podcast is for informational and educational
- 44:46purposes only and should not be construed as personalized
- 44:49investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any
- 44:52security. Listeners should consult their
- 44:54own financial, legal or tax professionals for advice
- 44:57specific