Latest / The Story of Turkey: From Byzantium to the Ottoman Empire to Today — Fexingo History
The Last Sultan: Abdülhamid II's Secret Empire
For over thirty years, Sultan Abdülhamid II ruled the Ottoman Empire from behind a veil of secrecy and surveillance. This episode explores the paradox of Hamidian rule: a modernizing state built on authoritarian control. We trace his creation of the first transcontinental railway in Asia Minor, the expansion of telegraph networks that doubled as spy tools, and his use of pan-Islamism to hold a fractured empire together against European encroachment. Through the eyes of his secret police, the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa, we examine how he balanced progress with paranoia, culminating in his deposition…
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