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Brain Health, Balance, and Longevity with Dr. Joseph Maroon | Ageless and Timeless · Ageless and Timeless Podcast®

• 0:11
  Speaker 1: To you today from Orange County, from Newport Beach, Balboa Island.
• 0:16
  Speaker 1: So I have a little bit of a different surrounding,
• 0:18
  Speaker 1: so you'll see the background is a little unique from
• 0:21
  Speaker 1: my usual studio. But today, I've been waiting for this
• 0:26
  Speaker 1: guest for, it seems like years, but now it's really
• 0:30
  Speaker 1: only weeks. But his name is Dr. Joseph Maroon, and
• 0:35
  Speaker 1: many of you know of him already, because if you're
• 0:38
  Speaker 1: in the longevity space and you know anything about the
• 0:42
  Speaker 1: brain you have bumped into dr maroon and also if
• 0:45
  Speaker 1: you're an athlete you heard of him from all of
• 0:48
  Speaker 1: his athletic feats which i think right now joe is
• 0:53
  Speaker 1: it 78 triathlons that you've.
• 0:55
  Speaker 2: Done yeah about that Well, welcome.
• 1:00
  Speaker 1: And, you know, if you don't mind me saying your
• 1:02
  Speaker 1: age is in the 80s, so I want people to
• 1:04
  Speaker 1: understand that you never have to stop. And even someone
• 1:09
  Speaker 1: that's as busy as Dr. Maroon with his neurosurgery and
• 1:14
  Speaker 1: his experience of 40 years with the Pittsburgh Steelers and
• 1:19
  Speaker 1: being a lecturer at the University of Pittsburgh, right? University?
• 1:24
  Speaker 2: That's correct. I'm at the University of Pittsburgh.
• 1:26
  Speaker 1: University of Pittsburgh. So he's a clinical professor there, right?
• 1:30
  Speaker 2: Yes.
• 1:30
  Speaker 1: And he has been, you know, part of that team
• 1:34
  Speaker 1: for all these years, along with doing 78 triathlons. And
• 1:39
  Speaker 1: how many, eight Ironmen?
• 1:41
  Speaker 2: Yes, eight Ironmen.
• 1:43
  Speaker 1: Okay, so I've got my numbers right. Well, anyway. The point,
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: it doesn't matter after, you know, you've done... If you
• 1:49
  Speaker 1: figure he's in his 80s and he's done 78, that's
• 1:52
  Speaker 1: like one a year since he was an infant. I
• 1:56
  Speaker 1: know that's not the right way to calculate it, but
• 1:59
  Speaker 1: it is pretty impressive. So, anyway, welcome to Ageless and Timeless, Joe.
• 2:04
  Speaker 1: We're really happy to have you here.
• 2:05
  Speaker 2: Well, my pleasure, Michelle.
• 2:08
  Speaker 1: And, you know, it's interesting because I'm a big fan
• 2:12
  Speaker 1: of character and... people that really make a difference in
• 2:17
  Speaker 1: the world and they're not only for their accomplishments, but
• 2:20
  Speaker 1: for who they are as a person. And, um, I've,
• 2:24
  Speaker 1: I've followed Dr. Maroon for many, many years, ever since
• 2:27
  Speaker 1: I became a part of American Academy of anti-aging and
• 2:30
  Speaker 1: I've always admired him, but as I've gotten to know
• 2:33
  Speaker 1: him better, uh, I I've realized that there's a further
• 2:36
  Speaker 1: reason why I'm so attracted to him as a human being.
• 2:40
  Speaker 1: And that's because he has this humility, You would never
• 2:44
  Speaker 1: know just talking to him that he's accomplished all that
• 2:47
  Speaker 1: he's done. He's so understated and so modest and so humble.
• 2:53
  Speaker 1: And yet, you know, he has all the rights to
• 2:55
  Speaker 1: be everything but that. But so anyway, we're just very
• 2:58
  Speaker 1: proud to call you our friend. And he's now an
• 3:01
  Speaker 1: advisory board member of the new startup company called Longevity
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: Masters Global, which is started by Rob Fletcher and who's
• 3:11
  Speaker 1: worked for Dr. Goldman for 40 years. 30 years, I guess.
• 3:14
  Speaker 1: So he's been Dr. Goldman's right-hand person. And so I
• 3:18
  Speaker 1: was able to attract Dr. Maroon to great credit to
• 3:23
  Speaker 1: our compatibility that he saw the opportunity and the purpose here.
• 3:29
  Speaker 1: And actually, you are so aligned with what Longevity Masters
• 3:32
  Speaker 1: Global is. which is a platform, media and educational, for
• 3:37
  Speaker 1: realizing life's full potential, that it's not just what you
• 3:42
  Speaker 1: have on your resume, it's who you are as a
• 3:44
  Speaker 1: human being. And so where longevity is really not just
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: living longer, it's living longer and better. So this is
• 3:52
  Speaker 1: who you are. That's your mantra, right, Joe?
• 3:56
  Speaker 2: Well, it is, Michelle. I give some talks on how
• 3:59
  Speaker 2: to die young as late as possible. And there's really
• 4:04
  Speaker 2: a lot to that and a lot we can do,
• 4:08
  Speaker 2: which is what I'm very happy to discuss with you.
• 4:12
  Speaker 1: Well, I want so much to discuss. And I told
• 4:15
  Speaker 1: you in an email yesterday, we're going to make this
• 4:17
  Speaker 1: into a two part series. So today I want to
• 4:20
  Speaker 1: focus on your history, who you are, your journey to
• 4:23
  Speaker 1: where you are today. I want people to understand what
• 4:27
  Speaker 1: drove you to write the book. that I'm going to
• 4:31
  Speaker 1: show you in just here a moment. I have it
• 4:33
  Speaker 1: right here, if people can see it, called Square One,
• 4:37
  Speaker 1: and A Simple Guide to a Balanced Life. This is
• 4:40
  Speaker 1: very unusual for a neurosurgeon to be so open-minded to
• 4:49
  Speaker 1: living a more balanced life, and I think this is
• 4:52
  Speaker 1: really a tribute to Dr. Maroon and what he's done
• 4:55
  Speaker 1: for the medical profession in terms of opening the minds
• 4:58
  Speaker 1: and hearts of many of his colleagues about finding balance because,
• 5:03
  Speaker 1: you know, medical doctors are some of the worst for burnout.
• 5:08
  Speaker 1: So let's start first by saying, who were you before
• 5:12
  Speaker 1: age 41? Because that seems to be a cataclysmic year
• 5:16
  Speaker 1: in your life. So tell us more about the journey
• 5:19
  Speaker 1: from who you were as a little one to who
• 5:23
  Speaker 1: you were at age 41 and why this epiphany occurred
• 5:28
  Speaker 1: at that age.
• 5:29
  Speaker 2: Well, I grew up in Wheeling, West Virginia, Bridgeport, Ohio,
• 5:34
  Speaker 2: a small town on the banks of the Ohio River.
• 5:36
  Speaker 2: And there were three choices that one had if you
• 5:39
  Speaker 2: graduated from high school. Even if you didn't, you worked
• 5:43
  Speaker 2: in the steel mills, the coal mines, or you got
• 5:45
  Speaker 2: an athletic scholarship. And I was very fortunate to get
• 5:48
  Speaker 2: a football scholarship to Indiana University. uh, as you know,
• 5:53
  Speaker 2: the last year's national champions that I, I played on
• 5:57
  Speaker 2: the team and we, we contributed. Indiana was the team
• 6:01
  Speaker 2: with the greatest losses in the history of collegiate sports.
• 6:05
  Speaker 2: And I contributed to many of those, but I was
• 6:09
  Speaker 2: pleased with coach Cignetti and how we did this year.
• 6:12
  Speaker 2: But basically I, I ended up going to med school
• 6:15
  Speaker 2: around the block, Georgetown, Oxford university of Indiana. He came
• 6:20
  Speaker 2: to Pittsburgh and, uh, I was very intent on doing
• 6:25
  Speaker 2: the very best that I could, and I was very
• 6:29
  Speaker 2: successful in terms of the amulets of success. I wrote papers,
• 6:34
  Speaker 2: I published, and I went to meetings, and I did
• 6:36
  Speaker 2: all these good things. And I was indeed quite successful
• 6:43
  Speaker 2: in terms of the worldly determination or justification or definition
• 6:51
  Speaker 2: of success. And I read a book recently by David Brooks,
• 6:55
  Speaker 2: The Road to Character. And in it, he said, success
• 7:01
  Speaker 2: leads to the greatest failure, which is arrogance, which is pride.
• 7:10
  Speaker 2: And failure leads to the greatest success, which is humility
• 7:15
  Speaker 2: and knowing your place in the world. So I was
• 7:19
  Speaker 2: very successful. And it did lead to the greatest failure.
• 7:27
  Speaker 2: Within the course of a week, my father died of
• 7:30
  Speaker 2: a massive heart attack at age 60. My family broke up.
• 7:35
  Speaker 2: My wife left because I was so successful and so
• 7:39
  Speaker 2: committed to a one-track, unidimensional life. And I no longer
• 7:46
  Speaker 2: could operate. My mental state and stress level was such
• 7:51
  Speaker 2: that I literally had to quit neurosurgery all the same week.
• 7:56
  Speaker 2: And my father left my mother a dilapidated, heavily mortgaged
• 8:01
  Speaker 2: truck stop in Wheeling, West Virginia. And I one day
• 8:07
  Speaker 2: was doing a wake brain surgery on patients with tumors
• 8:11
  Speaker 2: in eloquent parts of their brain. And the next week,
• 8:14
  Speaker 2: I literally was helping my mother working in a truck
• 8:17
  Speaker 2: stop flipping hamburgers and filling up 18 wheelers. And I
• 8:24
  Speaker 2: ended up doing that for a full year. And SSRIs, antidepressants,
• 8:32
  Speaker 2: various agents didn't work at all. And I thought my
• 8:36
  Speaker 2: career was over. And the banker who held the mortgage
• 8:41
  Speaker 2: on the truck stop called me one day and said, Joe,
• 8:45
  Speaker 2: you need to go for a run. I said, run?
• 8:47
  Speaker 2: I'm 20 pounds overweight. I can't walk up a flight
• 8:49
  Speaker 2: of steps without being short of breath. But I found
• 8:53
  Speaker 2: the old pair of scrubs and tennis shoes, went down
• 8:55
  Speaker 2: the high school track, made it around four times and
• 8:58
  Speaker 2: said never again. Uh, but then I, that night something
• 9:04
  Speaker 2: strange happened for the first time in months I slept.
• 9:09
  Speaker 2: And so I went back the next day and did
• 9:12
  Speaker 2: a mile and a half and then two and then three. And, uh,
• 9:17
  Speaker 2: I gradually continued to increase, learned how to bike, went
• 9:23
  Speaker 2: to the local Y, learned how to swim. And then
• 9:27
  Speaker 2: that's when I, you know, we boast about doing all
• 9:30
  Speaker 2: those triathlons, but really it saved my life. I entered
• 9:36
  Speaker 2: a small triathlon, a tin van triathlon, and felt like
• 9:40
  Speaker 2: Roger Bannister breaking the four-minute mile. And... And I subsequently
• 9:47
  Speaker 2: continued to run, bike, swim. And what was happening as
• 9:51
  Speaker 2: the unintended side effect of doing the right thing, of exercising,
• 9:56
  Speaker 2: I lost weight. My blood pressure went down. my endocannabinoids
• 10:03
  Speaker 2: kicked in, the endorphins went up, without SSRIs my serotonin
• 10:09
  Speaker 2: and acetylcholine levels increased, and I was able to get
• 10:13
  Speaker 2: back functionally to a basic a relatively healthy mental health
• 10:20
  Speaker 2: state as well as physical state. And after a year,
• 10:27
  Speaker 2: my mother literally kicked me out of the house and said,
• 10:31
  Speaker 2: you have to go back to Pittsburgh and get back
• 10:34
  Speaker 2: into neurosurgery. And I did, and it really has been
• 10:40
  Speaker 2: the very best part of my career, beginning at about 45, 44, 45.
• 10:47
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• 10:56
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  Speaker 1: 10% off of all their products. So that age 41 year,
• 11:44
  Speaker 1: that was the turning point when everything went downhill. And
• 11:50
  Speaker 1: yet they say very often that crisis can be opportunity.
• 11:54
  Speaker 1: And in your case, that's exactly what happened. Although you
• 11:57
  Speaker 1: had a great role in being proactive. I mean, some
• 12:02
  Speaker 1: people would have just given up and you didn't. So
• 12:05
  Speaker 1: you found a new... I had a choice.
• 12:08
  Speaker 2: If I did... wasn't proactive, I wouldn't be talking to
• 12:12
  Speaker 2: you here today. You know, I'd be dead. And I
• 12:16
  Speaker 2: have no doubts about that. My father died at 60.
• 12:19
  Speaker 2: And as you said, I'm an octogenarian now. And I'm
• 12:24
  Speaker 2: functioning at a level that, quite frankly, I'm having more
• 12:30
  Speaker 2: fun now, let me put it that way, than I
• 12:33
  Speaker 2: did when I was 60, quite frankly. Mm-hmm.
• 12:37
  Speaker 1: Well, so you were living a one-dimensional life, and you
• 12:41
  Speaker 1: had achieved what you thought was professional success, but then
• 12:44
  Speaker 1: you found out that that one dimension was not at
• 12:48
  Speaker 1: all what life is meant to be. So then how
• 12:51
  Speaker 1: did you morph to writing, which was much later, 2017,
• 12:56
  Speaker 1: and I believe was when you wrote Square One. But
• 13:01
  Speaker 1: obviously you had an influence of Danforth, William Danforth, the
• 13:06
  Speaker 1: former CEO of Ralston Purina, who wrote I Dare You.
• 13:10
  Speaker 1: And that was probably one of the biggest change agents
• 13:15
  Speaker 1: or challenges in your life where you were influenced. So
• 13:19
  Speaker 1: tell us about that.
• 13:21
  Speaker 2: Yeah, well, I was living in a farmhouse in Dallas Pike,
• 13:25
  Speaker 2: West Virginia. And I picked up a book that I
• 13:29
  Speaker 2: was given in high school, as you just mentioned, by
• 13:31
  Speaker 2: William Danforth, entitled I Dare You. And it was given
• 13:35
  Speaker 2: to high school seniors who thought they had some potential
• 13:40
  Speaker 2: at graduation. I really didn't read it well until I
• 13:44
  Speaker 2: picked it up in that farmhouse. And he said, I
• 13:47
  Speaker 2: dare you to lead a balanced life, and here's how
• 13:49
  Speaker 2: you do it. And for any of those, all of
• 13:52
  Speaker 2: those who are listening to this podcast, I want you
• 13:55
  Speaker 2: now to draw a square In your mind. At the top,
• 13:59
  Speaker 2: put work. On the right side, put family and social.
• 14:04
  Speaker 2: The bottom, spiritual. And the other side, physical. Now, I
• 14:09
  Speaker 2: want you to contemplate how much effort on a daily
• 14:13
  Speaker 2: basis you put into each one of these. How long
• 14:17
  Speaker 2: is your work line? How long is your family social,
• 14:21
  Speaker 2: your spiritual, and your physical?
• 14:24
  Speaker 1: And what were your answers? What were your answers at
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: the time?
• 14:27
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: Sorry, I interrupted you.
• 14:31
  Speaker 2: Pardon me?
• 14:32
  Speaker 1: No, I interrupted you. But my question was, what were
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: your answers at that time?
• 14:36
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's exactly right. Well, when I sat down and
• 14:39
  Speaker 2: I drew my square after picking up that book again,
• 14:43
  Speaker 2: it was a flatline EKG. There was no work. It
• 14:47
  Speaker 2: was all work. There was no family. And the spirituality
• 14:51
  Speaker 2: was completely atrophied. And I was overweight by 20 pounds.
• 14:58
  Speaker 2: So there was no physical. I was a work machine.
• 15:02
  Speaker 2: I was successful, though, in quotes, in what I was doing.
• 15:08
  Speaker 2: But the rest of my life, I really, it was
• 15:11
  Speaker 2: a failure. And the run really, and I emphasize in
• 15:17
  Speaker 2: terms of longevity and health, that there are three things
• 15:21
  Speaker 2: that are key and critical. Number one, is some degree
• 15:25
  Speaker 2: of physical activity, aerobic if possible, and also resistance training, bands, weights, whatever,
• 15:33
  Speaker 2: and also using your brain and pushing your brain to,
• 15:38
  Speaker 2: you know, we talk about Sudoku, we talk about crossword
• 15:41
  Speaker 2: puzzles and bridge, and whatever you do to stretch your
• 15:45
  Speaker 2: mind to create new synaptic connections and neuroplasticity in your brain.
• 15:51
  Speaker 2: Those three factors, plus, of course, a Mediterranean-type diet, and
• 15:58
  Speaker 2: controlling stress and getting sleep. These are the five factors
• 16:02
  Speaker 2: that I discuss in the book, Square One, that help
• 16:06
  Speaker 2: prevent Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative diseases, and also help you function at
• 16:14
  Speaker 2: peak performance, which is what my goal still is, to
• 16:20
  Speaker 2: function at peak performance. Whatever I do, do the best
• 16:24
  Speaker 2: I can. And you need, as the Romans said, mens
• 16:28
  Speaker 2: sana in corpore sano, a healthy mind and a healthy body.
• 16:34
  Speaker 2: You eat both in order to function at a good level.
• 16:38
  Speaker 2: And so much of it is our choice. It's our
• 16:42
  Speaker 2: choice what we eat. It's our choice whether or not
• 16:47
  Speaker 2: we go to the gym or just do bands or stretching.
• 16:52
  Speaker 2: or Pilates, or get on a bike. These are the
• 16:57
  Speaker 2: choices that we have to make 30 to 45 minutes
• 17:02
  Speaker 2: a day to maintain fitness of mind and body.
• 17:07
  Speaker 1: So why do you think success is so misunderstood then
• 17:11
  Speaker 1: by so many people?
• 17:14
  Speaker 2: Well, it's not misunderstood, Michelle. I think it's the way
• 17:20
  Speaker 2: we're programmed. And I mentioned Arthur Brooks. There's another book
• 17:27
  Speaker 2: by David Brooks, not related, entitled The Second Mountain. It's
• 17:33
  Speaker 2: an excellent book. And we climb two mountains in our lives.
• 17:38
  Speaker 2: The first mountain is one of finding success, in quotes,
• 17:46
  Speaker 2: in our profession or our choice of work, which means validation, approbation, acknowledgement, self-esteem, ego.
• 17:56
  Speaker 2: And we all are on, most of us are on
• 18:00
  Speaker 2: that track and at the same time make enough financially
• 18:05
  Speaker 2: to support a healthy life and a family. But that's
• 18:09
  Speaker 2: the first chore, the first task we have. Usually at
• 18:15
  Speaker 2: around age 40, plus or minus five, there often is
• 18:19
  Speaker 2: a what's called a lifequake, a cataclysmic event, like I had.
• 18:26
  Speaker 2: I had a lifequake at age 41. My father died.
• 18:29
  Speaker 2: Family broke up. Other people, maybe it's a divorce. Maybe
• 18:33
  Speaker 2: it's an addiction. Could be alcohol, drugs, even food. But
• 18:39
  Speaker 2: there's a crisis of some kind. And you realize that
• 18:43
  Speaker 2: there's more to it than approbation and ego gratification. You know,
• 18:55
  Speaker 2: there's a Lebanese writer, Khalil Gibran, in his book, The Prophet, said,
• 19:00
  Speaker 2: we give but little when we give of our possessions.
• 19:03
  Speaker 2: It's when we give of ourselves that we truly give.
• 19:07
  Speaker 2: And you know this. It's when we give to others,
• 19:11
  Speaker 2: when we reach out in some way to others, that
• 19:15
  Speaker 2: we get the most gratification, the most self-fulfillment. So, It's
• 19:20
  Speaker 2: kind of the first mountain and the second mountain. I'm
• 19:24
  Speaker 2: clearly on the second mountain now. It's about giving back.
• 19:26
  Speaker 2: It's about an attitude of gratitude. It's about sharing. And
• 19:33
  Speaker 2: that's what I said. I'm having more fun now. I'm
• 19:38
  Speaker 2: doing some research projects that have significant implications. And it's
• 19:44
  Speaker 2: stretching my mind so that it increases my neuroplasticity. and
• 19:51
  Speaker 2: it releases a neurochemical neuropeptide called BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor,
• 19:58
  Speaker 2: which is the miracle grower of the brain. It literally
• 20:02
  Speaker 2: creates new brain cells, neurons, new synaptic connections, and enhances
• 20:09
  Speaker 2: the ability like we're doing right now, speaking, bringing a
• 20:14
  Speaker 2: whole ton of information and articulating it in hopefully a
• 20:19
  Speaker 2: meaningful way for the audience, called neuroplasticity. So that's what
• 20:26
  Speaker 2: I'm thinking and how I'm working now.
• 20:28
  Speaker 1: Well, I intend in my strategy of getting to know
• 20:32
  Speaker 1: you and having our audience know you better and what
• 20:35
  Speaker 1: you represent. I intend to bifurcate this as I mentioned earlier,
• 20:41
  Speaker 1: and I want to spend the second chapter on exactly
• 20:45
  Speaker 1: the three projects that you're working on, and I want
• 20:48
  Speaker 1: to do a deep dive because as I read all
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: your material, and there was a lot of material that
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: you sent, including the book, which I thank you for sending,
• 20:58
  Speaker 1: but I would say that these three projects.
• 21:02
  Speaker 3: Are going to be very.
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: life-changing in the world you know David Sinclair talks about
• 21:08
  Speaker 1: what he's doing with the longevity gene but honestly I
• 21:11
  Speaker 1: think what you're doing is is far more far much
• 21:14
  Speaker 1: more far-reaching and compelling and maybe just because I'm biased
• 21:19
  Speaker 1: because I know you but but anyway so we will
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: get to that but in the meantime there's a couple
• 21:24
  Speaker 1: of things I want to be sure that people understand
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: about the book so tell us what the four sides
• 21:30
  Speaker 1: are and how they interact and you know, in the
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: most simplified way you can, because what I would like
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: to encourage people to do is to get your book
• 21:40
  Speaker 1: and read it for themselves. But give us like a synopsis,
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: like a Craigslist, a Craig's, what's it called? The Monarch,
• 21:47
  Speaker 1: the Monarch overview of your book.
• 21:50
  Speaker 2: Yeah. So, so basically it really is focused on those
• 21:55
  Speaker 2: four factors that I mentioned, work, family, spirituality, and physicality.
• 22:01
  Speaker 2: And the, the simplicity of it is what I think
• 22:06
  Speaker 2: is so unique in the sense that every day before
• 22:10
  Speaker 2: when I'm coming to work, I get in my car
• 22:13
  Speaker 2: and I look at my tachometer. And as you know,
• 22:15
  Speaker 2: the tachometer has a red zone and the red zone
• 22:18
  Speaker 2: is when your engine is overheating in your car. And
• 22:24
  Speaker 2: I take a thermostatic reading of my feeling tone. Am
• 22:28
  Speaker 2: I stressed? Am I, am I calm? What am I
• 22:32
  Speaker 2: doing today? How am I going to do it efficiently
• 22:37
  Speaker 2: with the least stress? And basically, what I do is
• 22:45
  Speaker 2: I literally draw my square in my mind. What am
• 22:49
  Speaker 2: I going to do at work? How am I going
• 22:52
  Speaker 2: to touch my family and friends, call my kids? Spirituality.
• 22:58
  Speaker 2: You know, I don't try to proselytize or convert anybody,
• 23:01
  Speaker 2: but I believe in a very, in a higher power.
• 23:04
  Speaker 2: And I'm, as a physician, I'm very able to bring spirituality,
• 23:10
  Speaker 2: a higher power, into my work. And I see every
• 23:14
  Speaker 2: day the power of belief, the power of positive thinking.
• 23:21
  Speaker 2: And then also, when am I going to get my bike,
• 23:24
  Speaker 2: my run, or my swim in? you know, the Buddhists
• 23:28
  Speaker 2: talk about mindfulness or awareness. And we have to be
• 23:32
  Speaker 2: aware of what we're doing every day, almost every minute,
• 23:37
  Speaker 2: to really live in the present and with peak performance.
• 23:43
  Speaker 2: So my book is about those factors, but really simplistically
• 23:48
  Speaker 2: draw your square every day and match it up with
• 23:52
  Speaker 2: your activities. It's that simple. But I discuss diet, the
• 23:56
  Speaker 2: importance of diet, the epigenetics of diet, how our food
• 24:02
  Speaker 2: activates various genes to make inflammatory agents or anti-inflammatory agents.
• 24:09
  Speaker 2: And as we know, cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, diabetes are
• 24:13
  Speaker 2: all diseases of inflammation. So whatever we can do to
• 24:17
  Speaker 2: reduce inflammation, we're reducing the incidence of those catastrophic illnesses
• 24:25
  Speaker 2: that Most people live the last 10 years of their
• 24:29
  Speaker 2: lives confronting. So that's what the book's about.
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: Yeah, and when you wrote that book, did you get
• 24:38
  Speaker 1: a lot of response from people in your profession? I mean,
• 24:43
  Speaker 1: I know that it went out to everybody, but I'm
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: just thinking about the people that would resonate because they're
• 24:50
  Speaker 1: aligned with you professionally, but they really needed the message
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: that they got from this book. Were you impressed with
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: the overwhelming response from those colleagues?
• 25:02
  Speaker 2: I was impressed with the diversity of responses from different
• 25:06
  Speaker 2: age groups. It wasn't just physicians. We have the largest
• 25:12
  Speaker 2: residency program in the country for neurosurgery here at the
• 25:15
  Speaker 2: University of Pittsburgh. We have 28 neurosurgical residents in training
• 25:20
  Speaker 2: to be neurosurgeons. Each year, the incoming residents, I give
• 25:25
  Speaker 2: them a copy of the book. Because, as you know,
• 25:28
  Speaker 2: in medicine, there's a 53% plus or minus burnout rate
• 25:34
  Speaker 2: in physicians. And the book is about how to prevent burnout.
• 25:39
  Speaker 2: And it's going to happen. And unless you're aware again
• 25:45
  Speaker 2: or mindful, you slip into that slope that I did
• 25:50
  Speaker 2: where I lost everything. Because I wasn't aware, I wasn't mindful,
• 25:57
  Speaker 2: I was focused strictly on getting ahead, on success. And
• 26:05
  Speaker 2: as I said earlier, success leads to the greatest failure,
• 26:12
  Speaker 2: which is pride. And failure leads to the greatest success,
• 26:17
  Speaker 2: which is humility. And, you know, we... I see the
• 26:22
  Speaker 2: bullets going by every day for me and I'm very
• 26:27
  Speaker 2: appreciative and I'm humble for the gifts that I've had
• 26:32
  Speaker 2: and the difference I've been able to make.
• 26:35
  Speaker 1: So you're in this place where you have extraordinary accomplishments,
• 26:43
  Speaker 1: but what about the regular person who isn't quite the
• 26:48
  Speaker 1: level of your... achievements, but they're looking for answers. And
• 26:52
  Speaker 1: do you have advice for the kind of the regular
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: guy or regular girl that is just trying to, you know,
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: go through life and find meaning and yet they don't
• 27:04
  Speaker 1: have the same level of achievement as you do?
• 27:10
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I, you know, it's, we can get into the
• 27:14
  Speaker 2: socioeconomics of what's happening in our country now with the
• 27:17
  Speaker 2: breakup of the family, the loss of spirituality and religion
• 27:22
  Speaker 2: and the lack of grounding. I mean, what is it,
• 27:27
  Speaker 2: 50% to 60% of marriages end up in divorce, and
• 27:30
  Speaker 2: the kids in some segments have only one parent who's
• 27:38
  Speaker 2: working three jobs, and how do they get the tools,
• 27:46
  Speaker 2: the guidance, the guide rails right? that enable them to
• 27:50
  Speaker 2: function in a society now that is hyper-competitive. You know,
• 27:55
  Speaker 2: I wish I had some answers for that. I know, though,
• 28:01
  Speaker 2: that I get back to the basics of diet, physical activity,
• 28:07
  Speaker 2: avoiding environmental toxins like alcohol, drugs, trying to control stress.
• 28:14
  Speaker 2: And you can't control stress unless you're aware of the
• 28:17
  Speaker 2: stressors what's causing the stress, and then getting adequate sleep,
• 28:24
  Speaker 2: the five pillars that enable our minds and bodies to grow,
• 28:29
  Speaker 2: and then being mindful of those five pillars and doing
• 28:33
  Speaker 2: what you can to mitigate the excesses or insufficiencies. You know,
• 28:43
  Speaker 2: kind of vague, but it's a tough question, and I
• 28:46
  Speaker 2: I see every day the terrible problems in youth of
• 28:50
  Speaker 2: mental health disorders. You know, 30% to 40% are on
• 28:54
  Speaker 2: antidepressants or some kind of anxiolytic drug or Adderall. Again,
• 29:03
  Speaker 2: physical activity, physical exercise is the best antidepressant, and many
• 29:08
  Speaker 2: studies have shown that. Head-to-head studies with patients who are
• 29:12
  Speaker 2: major depressive disorders who are putting in a strong exercise
• 29:18
  Speaker 2: regimen versus SSRIs to artificially raise serotonin. The exercise group
• 29:24
  Speaker 2: wins every time. It saved my life. And that's why
• 29:27
  Speaker 2: I don't boast about triathlons. It was life-saving. The activity, literally,
• 29:33
  Speaker 2: I wouldn't be talking to you if I didn't take
• 29:36
  Speaker 2: that run around the high school track.
• 29:39
  Speaker 1: And you know um also joe today's world is so
• 29:43
  Speaker 1: internet and ai and and all this you know technological
• 29:47
  Speaker 1: supposedly advances but they also have their their downside and
• 29:51
  Speaker 1: their threats and i think they've changed human behavior in
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: terms of relationships when you can just swipe to meet
• 29:58
  Speaker 1: a a marital partner that's a big difference in going
• 30:02
  Speaker 1: to a school social or meeting at the library or
• 30:06
  Speaker 1: what you know what people in the older generations used
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: to do when they were meeting people so or at
• 30:13
  Speaker 1: the tennis court you know those kinds of things don't
• 30:15
  Speaker 1: seem to exist in life anymore and now we all
• 30:20
  Speaker 1: depend on technology and So what's your thought about how
• 30:24
  Speaker 1: all of that is going to influence the hard work
• 30:27
  Speaker 1: that you've done to teach about a balanced life?
• 30:31
  Speaker 2: Well, again, the self-esteem for an awful lot of these
• 30:34
  Speaker 2: young kids comes from how many likes you get on
• 30:38
  Speaker 2: your posts.
• 30:39
  Speaker 1: Yes, exactly.
• 30:40
  Speaker 2: Not necessarily from your accomplishments. And I've personally seen individuals
• 30:46
  Speaker 2: who've gone into major depression because they've not been liked.
• 30:53
  Speaker 2: or on social media they've been scammed and this and that. Again,
• 31:01
  Speaker 2: I get back to the family, the bedrock of a
• 31:07
  Speaker 2: mother and father who's raising kids in a healthy environment
• 31:14
  Speaker 2: with good examples. Kids follow what they see more than
• 31:19
  Speaker 2: what you tell them. It's the examples that they live
• 31:23
  Speaker 2: and get inculcated into their own hippocampus and their own brain. So,
• 31:31
  Speaker 2: you know, I don't have any magic solutions. It's just
• 31:37
  Speaker 2: the way it is.
• 31:40
  Speaker 1: Well, I mean, how many brain surgeries have you done
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: in your career? Have you ever counted?
• 31:45
  Speaker 2: I've done about 18,000 operations. Oh, my God.
• 31:52
  Speaker 1: Think about that. So 18,000 brains that you have had
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: the privilege of examining and hopefully improving. So what can
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: you tell us about the human brain? Let's kind of
• 32:06
  Speaker 1: switch gears here, go over to the science of the
• 32:11
  Speaker 1: brain and the technology of the brain as you started
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: to talk about the synapses and all that. But tell us,
• 32:19
  Speaker 1: in your opinion, What is the perfect brain, if you
• 32:23
  Speaker 1: had to define one?
• 32:25
  Speaker 2: What is the perfect brain? Oh, boy. Well, let's start
• 32:31
  Speaker 2: from the very beginning of how the brain works. And
• 32:38
  Speaker 2: it's the most phenomenal organ in the universe in the
• 32:42
  Speaker 2: sense that we have 86 billion cells neurons in our
• 32:50
  Speaker 2: brain 86 billion 86 to 100 billion we have 100
• 32:56
  Speaker 2: trillion synaptic connections where the neurons each neuron comes together
• 33:03
  Speaker 2: and has up to 5000 or more connections with other
• 33:07
  Speaker 2: neurons all of these neurons the billions of neurons and
• 33:15
  Speaker 2: synaptic connections come together to form various fiber tracks in
• 33:22
  Speaker 2: the brain that have very specific functions, speech, sight, hearing, touch.
• 33:32
  Speaker 2: And so the question is, a question is, how does
• 33:37
  Speaker 2: the human brain get wired? How does it get together?
• 33:40
  Speaker 2: How does one infant versus another infant or child as
• 33:45
  Speaker 2: they grow.
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: What.
• 33:50
  Speaker 2: What factors bring the wires together so that they feel, touch,
• 33:58
  Speaker 2: think like we're doing today? And it's the five senses,
• 34:03
  Speaker 2: the sight, taste, touch, hearing. Everything we do makes new
• 34:11
  Speaker 2: synaptic connections and new fiber tracks so that who's ever
• 34:16
  Speaker 2: listening to this podcast your brain not only functionally is
• 34:23
  Speaker 2: going to be changed, when I say functionally, you're going
• 34:26
  Speaker 2: to have a few more ideas about the things we
• 34:29
  Speaker 2: talked about, new thoughts about how you should balance your square,
• 34:35
  Speaker 2: but also structurally, your brain is going to be different
• 34:39
  Speaker 2: after listening to this podcast. What do I mean by that?
• 34:43
  Speaker 1: Yeah, what do you mean?
• 34:45
  Speaker 2: Well, again... Where the nerves come together, memory is encoded
• 34:50
  Speaker 2: in these synaptic connections where the neurons come together. They're
• 34:56
  Speaker 2: electrochemical elements that come together. And there was an anatomist,
• 35:06
  Speaker 2: Donald Hebb's, 1949, wrote a paper on neurons that fire together,
• 35:15
  Speaker 2: wire together. Neurons that fire together, wire together. So if
• 35:21
  Speaker 2: I'm a golfer and I practice my golf swing, the
• 35:24
  Speaker 2: more I get in this groove of hitting the ball
• 35:28
  Speaker 2: the same way, the more my motor cortex and my
• 35:33
  Speaker 2: motor neurons get programmed into doing that and hitting the
• 35:38
  Speaker 2: ball the right way each time because I repeat it.
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: So that's consistency then. That's what they talk about in athletics.
• 35:46
  Speaker 2: That's exactly right. And Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher in
• 35:51
  Speaker 2: 400 BC. And this is a test for the audience.
• 35:56
  Speaker 2: He said, you can never put your foot into the
• 36:00
  Speaker 2: same river twice. Why is that? Because the river is
• 36:05
  Speaker 2: constantly moving. Your brain is constantly changing by every sensory
• 36:14
  Speaker 2: input that comes in, whether it's taste, hearing, sight, touch,
• 36:18
  Speaker 2: it's constantly modulating how your brain is wired. It changes
• 36:26
  Speaker 2: the wiring diagram of your brain. So what does that
• 36:31
  Speaker 2: mean for a woman who's pregnant and smokes crack, does
• 36:37
  Speaker 2: heroin or drugs or alcohol? Those habits will get transmitted
• 36:46
  Speaker 2: intrauterine to the brain of the developing infant and predispose
• 36:51
  Speaker 2: that child to addiction for the rest of his life.
• 36:57
  Speaker 2: Because it is causing the wiring diagram of the brain
• 37:02
  Speaker 2: to change in that child. And as you said, with
• 37:09
  Speaker 2: social media and the feelings that we get with certain inputs,
• 37:15
  Speaker 2: it wires our brain to elicit certain feelings, maybe depression, anxiety, happiness, joy.
• 37:23
  Speaker 2: So the environmental influences are so critical growing up. If
• 37:31
  Speaker 2: you're abused as a child, if you witness very aberrant
• 37:36
  Speaker 2: behavior as a child, these visual or sensory inputs get
• 37:43
  Speaker 2: encoded in a part of the brain called the hippocampus
• 37:47
  Speaker 2: and the amygdala, which is a repository of feeling and emotion.
• 37:53
  Speaker 2: And you get PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, and it gets
• 38:00
  Speaker 2: encoded and very, very difficult to unwind, to rewire. So, again,
• 38:10
  Speaker 2: some random thoughts.
• 38:13
  Speaker 1: So are you using robotics and other advanced technologies in
• 38:19
  Speaker 1: brain surgery now that you weren't using, let's say, 10
• 38:22
  Speaker 1: years ago? And has that changed how you approach a
• 38:27
  Speaker 1: brain outcome?
• 38:31
  Speaker 2: When I look back at my residency... in their surgery
• 38:35
  Speaker 2: at Indiana and Oxford and Georgetown. What we were doing then, honestly,
• 38:42
  Speaker 2: it seems so primitive at this time. I mean, it's
• 38:48
  Speaker 2: now minimally invasive. It's using not only robotics but augmented
• 38:52
  Speaker 2: reality to do various procedures, biopsy tumors with one millimeter accuracy,
• 39:02
  Speaker 2: place probes in the brain modulate for Parkinson's, tremor, and disorders.
• 39:10
  Speaker 2: And a colleague, Dr. Ali Rezai, who's chair of the
• 39:16
  Speaker 2: Rockefeller Institute at WVU, and here at the University of Pittsburgh,
• 39:21
  Speaker 2: we're using non-invasive brain surgery utilizing focused ultrasounds. In other words,
• 39:31
  Speaker 2: in an MRI using devices that focus high-intensity ultrasound to
• 39:38
  Speaker 2: literally a millimeter in diameter, we're able to stimulate or
• 39:45
  Speaker 2: modify various tracks in the brain to relieve tremor and
• 39:53
  Speaker 2: in some cases treat addiction. And Dr. Rizai has been
• 40:00
  Speaker 2: featured on treating fentanyl addiction with non-invasive brain surgery using
• 40:06
  Speaker 2: focused ultrasound. So the advances are simply incredible, what's happening
• 40:12
  Speaker 2: in her science with AI and the incredible ingenuity of
• 40:19
  Speaker 2: of the scientists.
• 40:22
  Speaker 1: Do you have to go back to study all of
• 40:23
  Speaker 1: this when you're, I mean, you've been doing this for,
• 40:26
  Speaker 1: you know, how many, 40 plus years now?
• 40:28
  Speaker 2: Yes.
• 40:30
  Speaker 1: So even more, right?
• 40:31
  Speaker 2: I mean, actually, when you think about it. It's a
• 40:33
  Speaker 2: constant learning experience. You're reading the journals and reading, listening
• 40:41
  Speaker 2: to podcasts and different procedures. It's so difficult to to
• 40:49
  Speaker 2: keep current. So most people focus on either their spine
• 40:52
  Speaker 2: surgeons or their brain surgeons or their tumor surgeons or
• 40:57
  Speaker 2: functional surgeons treating movement disorders. There's a very highly specialized,
• 41:03
  Speaker 2: even in neurosurgery.
• 41:05
  Speaker 1: But you know we live in such a toxic environment.
• 41:07
  Speaker 1: Have you seen in all your years from the very
• 41:10
  Speaker 1: first brains that you examined when you were back as
• 41:13
  Speaker 1: a resident to now, have you seen a change based
• 41:17
  Speaker 1: on the toxicity of pesticides, herbicides, all the pollution that
• 41:24
  Speaker 1: we have and the eating habits that have gotten so industrialized?
• 41:28
  Speaker 1: Do you see that showing up in the brain in
• 41:32
  Speaker 1: any physical formation?
• 41:34
  Speaker 2: No. I tend, again, we don't see that. We don't
• 41:41
  Speaker 2: visualize that. That gets... that's involved at the synaptic level,
• 41:49
  Speaker 2: in terms of the microscopic, the ultra-microscopic level, and the
• 41:55
  Speaker 2: biochemical level, than not as we would visualize as an
• 42:01
  Speaker 2: operative neurosurgeon.
• 42:03
  Speaker 1: So like Dr. Daniel Amen, oh, go ahead, finish up,
• 42:08
  Speaker 1: I'm sorry.
• 42:09
  Speaker 2: No, no, I think as you alluded to, I think
• 42:14
  Speaker 2: What happens is, you know, the processed foods, the high-fat, high-salt,
• 42:22
  Speaker 2: high-sugar diets lead to diabetes. Diabetes leads to many diseases,
• 42:28
  Speaker 2: including a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative disease of
• 42:34
  Speaker 2: the brain. And that's what we've been focused on, I've
• 42:37
  Speaker 2: been focused on now, is diabetes. the diagnosis and treatment
• 42:43
  Speaker 2: of neurodegenerative diseases, not structural problems like brain tumors, aneurysms,
• 42:51
  Speaker 2: blood clots, trauma, but the functional aspects of the brain, neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's,
• 42:59
  Speaker 2: chronic traumatic encephalopathy, toxic encephalopathy syndrome. And what can we
• 43:05
  Speaker 2: diagnose and treat those? And we're It's very exciting times
• 43:12
  Speaker 2: for neuroscience looking into those problems. To summarize what we're
• 43:21
  Speaker 2: doing here at the University of Pittsburgh, as I said,
• 43:26
  Speaker 2: I'm having more fun, more scientific creativity than I had before.
• 43:34
  Speaker 1: Well, as long as we bump into that subject, why
• 43:36
  Speaker 1: don't you tell us more? Because I'd like, I mean,
• 43:39
  Speaker 1: I'm on pins and needles trying to learn more about
• 43:41
  Speaker 1: what you're doing now with those three projects. So why
• 43:45
  Speaker 1: don't you give us the focus on the brain, the
• 43:48
  Speaker 1: BDNF and the brain part of the Alzheimer's and give
• 43:51
  Speaker 1: us a description of what the thesis is, what the
• 43:57
  Speaker 1: hypothesis is, and what the research is demonstrating in terms
• 44:03
  Speaker 1: of results?
• 44:06
  Speaker 2: About three years ago, I made contact with Dr. Pravat Mandal, M-A-N-D-A-L,
• 44:13
  Speaker 2: who is a former director of the All Indian Neuroscience
• 44:17
  Speaker 2: Brain Research Institute for India, two billion people. And he
• 44:22
  Speaker 2: was head of this research institute, and he's a world
• 44:25
  Speaker 2: expert in using magnetic resonant spectroscopy, which is an MRI
• 44:32
  Speaker 2: that of the brain with special coils to measure chemicals
• 44:36
  Speaker 2: in the brain, not take a picture of the brain,
• 44:39
  Speaker 2: but to measure chemicals. And we've demonstrated with this MR
• 44:45
  Speaker 2: spectroscopy the deficiency of glutathione in the brain of patients
• 44:51
  Speaker 2: with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. So what is glutathione? A
• 44:56
  Speaker 2: test question for the audience. If you leave a banana
• 45:00
  Speaker 2: or an apple out overnight is cut in half, what
• 45:03
  Speaker 2: color does it turn in the morning? Well, we know
• 45:07
  Speaker 2: it turns brown because it oxidizes, the air hits it.
• 45:12
  Speaker 2: If you put lemon juice on it, it doesn't turn brown. Why?
• 45:16
  Speaker 2: Because it has vitamin C in it and it's an antioxidant. Well,
• 45:21
  Speaker 2: in short, glutathione is the lemon juice for the brain.
• 45:27
  Speaker 2: It's an antioxidant that prevents neurodegeneration by squelching the free
• 45:34
  Speaker 2: radicals which are created when mitochondria, which take oxygen and
• 45:41
  Speaker 2: glucose to make energy, ATP, they release free radicals. The
• 45:47
  Speaker 2: glutathione squelches the free radicals. If you don't have enough glutathione,
• 45:53
  Speaker 2: the free radicals destroy the mitochondria. If you destroy the mitochondria,
• 45:57
  Speaker 2: you don't have enough energy in your brain, and it degenerates.
• 46:01
  Speaker 2: This is a very... simplified thing. So we feel the
• 46:04
  Speaker 2: same thing happens in athletes who have multiple hits to
• 46:10
  Speaker 2: the head, Navy SEALs, Army Rangers, SWCC operators, Special Warfare
• 46:15
  Speaker 2: Combat Crewmen. And we have a grant from the Chuck
• 46:19
  Speaker 2: Knoll Foundation here in Pittsburgh, founded by Mr. Art Rooney,
• 46:25
  Speaker 2: to study former NFL players, NHL players, and those who
• 46:29
  Speaker 2: have multiple traumatic hits to the head to measure the
• 46:34
  Speaker 2: glutathione in their brain. And then, most importantly, we believe
• 46:40
  Speaker 2: we have a compound that may be therapeutic in helping
• 46:45
  Speaker 2: to alleviate, prevent, help these patients in some way. So
• 46:51
  Speaker 2: we're enrolling patients with Parkinson's disease, as well as, as
• 46:57
  Speaker 2: I said, the athletes and others who have had multiple
• 47:02
  Speaker 2: traumatic brain injury. And this study's underway, as I said,
• 47:09
  Speaker 2: funded by the Chuck Knoll Foundation, and we're really excited
• 47:16
  Speaker 2: about the potential of possibly helping a whole lot of
• 47:20
  Speaker 2: people with this.
• 47:22
  Speaker 1: And you said that you're taking the GDNC, is it?
• 47:26
  Speaker 2: Yeah, we're... In Parkinson's disease, the deficiency is a neurotransmitter
• 47:35
  Speaker 2: called dopamine.
• 47:37
  Speaker 1: Yes.
• 47:39
  Speaker 2: But dopamine is a large molecule that doesn't cross the
• 47:42
  Speaker 2: blood-brain barrier, and they're given a precursor called L-dopa, L-dopamine,
• 47:48
  Speaker 2: which treats the Parkinson's. So we're working with a precursor
• 47:54
  Speaker 2: to glutathione that we think crosses the blood-brain barrier. Oral
• 47:59
  Speaker 2: oral preparations of glutathione itself, it's questionable how much actually
• 48:05
  Speaker 2: gets into the brain. We believe that precursors and maybe
• 48:09
  Speaker 2: possibly topical types of glutathione may enter the bloodstream, get
• 48:16
  Speaker 2: into the brain, and increase the glutathione. And that's what
• 48:20
  Speaker 2: we're actually measuring now before and after in these individuals.
• 48:27
  Speaker 2: Are we We have to confirm. It's not, I feel better,
• 48:31
  Speaker 2: I look better. Objective data, objective criteria to show that
• 48:37
  Speaker 2: the brain is actually increased not only neurocognitively with pre-
• 48:42
  Speaker 2: and post-neurocognitive testing, but also measurably increased in the brain.
• 48:49
  Speaker 2: So it's an exciting project. We're in the process, and
• 48:53
  Speaker 2: we're hopeful.
• 48:57
  Speaker 1: Well, one of the things that you learn very quickly
• 49:00
  Speaker 1: about glutathione, master antioxidant, is that it's very hard to
• 49:05
  Speaker 1: absorb it. That's why you take the precursors like NAC, N-acetylcysteine,
• 49:10
  Speaker 1: and other, you know, NAD is, I suppose, another one
• 49:15
  Speaker 1: that's supposed to help. But anyway, if you go take
• 49:18
  Speaker 1: an IV of it, glutathione, which is what a lot
• 49:22
  Speaker 1: of doctors recommend, it's gone from your body in, you know,
• 49:25
  Speaker 1: in hours. So it's really quite a mystery and a
• 49:29
  Speaker 1: puzzle for the consumer, the person like you and me who,
• 49:33
  Speaker 1: you know, maybe not you because you have the advanced...
• 49:37
  Speaker 1: formulas to play with, but let's just say for someone
• 49:40
  Speaker 1: that is very interested in increasing glutathione, because they know
• 49:44
  Speaker 1: how important it is, and yet they don't have lab
• 49:48
  Speaker 1: tests for measuring glutathione in your normal workup of blood.
• 49:55
  Speaker 1: They have kind of backdoor ways of looking at it.
• 49:59
  Speaker 1: So what do you think about that? Why is it
• 50:02
  Speaker 1: that we can't find more precise data for individuals to
• 50:07
  Speaker 1: manage their glutathione. One, to know what their baseline is,
• 50:11
  Speaker 1: and two, to know how to get it where it's
• 50:14
  Speaker 1: going to be absorbed and efficacious.
• 50:20
  Speaker 2: Yeah. Well, obviously a very good question. And glutathione is,
• 50:26
  Speaker 2: it's in the cytoplasm intracellular of cells in the brain
• 50:32
  Speaker 2: and in the body. So it's an intracellular component. And
• 50:38
  Speaker 2: that's why we're measuring with MR spectroscopy to prove that
• 50:43
  Speaker 2: it gets into the brain, into the intracellular components. And
• 50:48
  Speaker 2: I think we just had a paper published in the
• 50:51
  Speaker 2: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Breaking the Roadblock. And you can
• 50:58
  Speaker 2: Google the paper, Dr. Mandel, M-A-N-D-A-L, and my name. and
• 51:03
  Speaker 2: it explains the pathways of how glutathione gets formed from
• 51:08
  Speaker 2: three peptides, cysteine, glutamine, and glycine, and what gamma-glutamylcysteine is,
• 51:17
  Speaker 2: and also, you know, as I said, we don't believe
• 51:21
  Speaker 2: that the oral, most oral glutathione levels, we don't think
• 51:25
  Speaker 2: gets into the brain, and there's some papers that suggest that,
• 51:29
  Speaker 2: and we believe that The precursor and topical glutathione probably
• 51:38
  Speaker 2: does have a very significant role in terms of absorption
• 51:42
  Speaker 2: as it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract going transdermally. But both
• 51:49
  Speaker 2: of these are hypotheses that we need to prove. And
• 51:54
  Speaker 2: we're in the process of doing that.
• 51:57
  Speaker 1: Well, that's why I take Dr. Patel's or wellness, which
• 52:01
  Speaker 1: is a topical, it's called Glutarol. Are you familiar with Glutarol?
• 52:06
  Speaker 2: I take it myself.
• 52:07
  Speaker 1: Oh, that's right. You and I talked about that, right? Exactly, yeah.
• 52:11
  Speaker 1: So you and I are both on the same path. Yeah,
• 52:13
  Speaker 1: so I take that and NAC. Hopefully those two. But
• 52:18
  Speaker 1: I still don't know how to get a measurement. Like
• 52:21
  Speaker 1: if I go to my LabCorp annual physical and get
• 52:25
  Speaker 1: my blood drawn, the doctor never asks for a measurement
• 52:29
  Speaker 1: of glutathione. Is this something I should, all people should
• 52:32
  Speaker 1: be asking their doctors?
• 52:33
  Speaker 2: It's a special test that measures the intracellular component, not
• 52:39
  Speaker 2: just the amount in the plasma. Right. And that's what
• 52:43
  Speaker 2: happens with the intravenous. It gets, you know, it gets
• 52:46
  Speaker 2: into the plasma and that where you want it, there's
• 52:50
  Speaker 2: a thousand fold differential between plasma and the intracellular content.
• 52:55
  Speaker 2: So it's, uh, Wallace Bridges, B-R-I-D-G-E-S, and Dr. Zakas at
• 53:04
  Speaker 2: the University of New South Wales has done an amazing
• 53:08
  Speaker 2: amount of work in this. Wallace Bridges. And you can
• 53:11
  Speaker 2: Google him and find out the excellent work he's done
• 53:17
  Speaker 2: in measuring glutathione intracellularly.
• 53:21
  Speaker 1: Mm-hmm. Well, I've been taking the glycine powder. Is that
• 53:26
  Speaker 1: something that you recommend to people, add that to your.
• 53:30
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I think that's a very reasonable thing to take.
• 53:37
  Speaker 2: I take it myself.
• 53:39
  Speaker 1: Right. Yeah, so you're saying measuring in the brain, but
• 53:42
  Speaker 1: really if you measure in the liver and the gut-brain connection,
• 53:47
  Speaker 1: isn't there some way to rationalize this and scientifically to
• 53:52
  Speaker 1: say that if it's being intracellularly beneficial in the liver,
• 53:58
  Speaker 1: that it will positively affect the brain through the gut brain,
• 54:03
  Speaker 1: the vagus nerve and the gut brain access? Or am
• 54:06
  Speaker 1: I completely off base here?
• 54:08
  Speaker 2: Well, as you said, it's made in the liver, but
• 54:14
  Speaker 2: it has to get into the brain intracellularly through the bloodstream,
• 54:18
  Speaker 2: through the blood-brain barrier to have a salubrious effect on
• 54:24
  Speaker 2: the neurons themselves, which.
• 54:25
  Speaker 1: Is what we want. Right. Okay, so this formula that
• 54:30
  Speaker 1: you're taking daily, when's it going to be available for
• 54:33
  Speaker 1: the rest of us?
• 54:35
  Speaker 2: Well, it's available now as an over-the-counter product.
• 54:40
  Speaker 3: Oh.
• 54:41
  Speaker 2: And I have no financial interest in this. I'm not
• 54:44
  Speaker 2: selling anything. Right. There's a website, continualg.com.
• 54:51
  Speaker 1: Let me write this down. I want her to put
• 54:53
  Speaker 1: it in the show notes. Okay, spell that out.
• 54:56
  Speaker 2: How we find it. ContinualG.com.
• 55:00
  Speaker 1: ContinualG.com.
• 55:04
  Speaker 2: That's a website that is available.
• 55:07
  Speaker 1: And so how do you order it? You go to the.
• 55:10
  Speaker 2: Website, you can order it, and it's two capsules a day. Okay.
• 55:16
  Speaker 1: I was going to say, what's the milligrams that you
• 55:18
  Speaker 1: should be taking per day for a healthy diet?
• 55:20
  Speaker 2: 400 milligrams twice a day.
• 55:23
  Speaker 1: 400 milligrams two times a day. And then if you're
• 55:27
  Speaker 1: not healthy, let's say you're having some issues, Alzheimer's, dementia, whatever,
• 55:31
  Speaker 1: is there another dosage for people like that?
• 55:34
  Speaker 2: Well, it's maybe two to three capsules a day.
• 55:39
  Speaker 1: Okay, so just up to dosage. Okay. All right. And
• 55:42
  Speaker 1: so what have you found? How long have you been
• 55:45
  Speaker 1: taking this? Give me the name of the product. CD....
• 55:50
  Speaker 2: Gamma glutamyl cysteine is the precursor. Gamma glutamyl cysteine.
• 55:57
  Speaker 1: Yeah, cysteine. Right. So how long have you been taking
• 56:01
  Speaker 1: it and what have you noticed?
• 56:05
  Speaker 2: I've been taking it probably over two and a half years.
• 56:09
  Speaker 2: And I've actually measured my glutathione level in my brain. Right.
• 56:16
  Speaker 2: And fortunately... It's in the normal range, which for my
• 56:22
  Speaker 2: age was very positive.
• 56:27
  Speaker 1: Very positive. Okay, so I know I asked you about
• 56:34
  Speaker 1: how can we get tested, and you said it's not
• 56:36
  Speaker 1: available yet outside the university, right, for measuring your glutathione
• 56:42
  Speaker 1: in your brain?
• 56:43
  Speaker 2: It's scanning. the scanning is not available except in research
• 56:48
  Speaker 2: protocols here at the university.
• 56:52
  Speaker 1: Okay. So in other words, you can get a intracellular
• 56:55
  Speaker 1: measurement of your glutathione in your brain, like you got,
• 56:59
  Speaker 1: but you got it because you're, you know, at the
• 57:01
  Speaker 1: front line, but you can get that somewhere today. The glutathione.
• 57:11
  Speaker 2: Well, not, not quite yet. There's a, There's a company
• 57:14
  Speaker 2: called Voxel, V-O-X-E-L.
• 57:17
  Speaker 1: Okay.
• 57:19
  Speaker 2: Therapeutics that has MRS capabilities that I know are going
• 57:27
  Speaker 2: to be at the West Virginia University and other universities
• 57:31
  Speaker 2: that will be available probably in the next six to
• 57:33
  Speaker 2: 12 months that will enable people to have the scans
• 57:37
  Speaker 2: that would measure this in their brain.
• 57:40
  Speaker 1: And are you encouraging.
• 57:42
  Speaker 3: In.
• 57:42
  Speaker 1: Your circle, Joe, are you encouraging other colleagues to start
• 57:48
  Speaker 1: recommending for their patients that they have their patients be tested?
• 57:54
  Speaker 2: You know, to be tested, you know, I think we
• 58:01
  Speaker 2: know that the glutathione levels go decrease in patient mild
• 58:06
  Speaker 2: cognitive impairment. We've shown that. and we've shown the decadence
• 58:10
  Speaker 2: from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. We know that
• 58:14
  Speaker 2: in patients over 60, 20 percent of patients or so
• 58:18
  Speaker 2: will have MCI, mild cognitive impairment. Twenty to 30 percent
• 58:22
  Speaker 2: of those will go on to develop Alzheimer's disease. And
• 58:26
  Speaker 2: so I think in patients 55, 60 years of age
• 58:33
  Speaker 2: who are concerned about their mental health, you know, it's
• 58:36
  Speaker 2: a consideration. in terms of enhancing. If you're going to
• 58:42
  Speaker 2: be taking supplements, it's a supplement that has minimal, if any,
• 58:48
  Speaker 2: side effects, maybe a little GI. It's very rare patients,
• 58:52
  Speaker 2: but otherwise we've seen no complications. And I think what
• 58:56
  Speaker 2: you mentioned about Dr. Patel, the topical glutaryl is a consideration,
• 59:04
  Speaker 2: but this is an evolving field and we need I
• 59:09
  Speaker 2: can speculate. on what's good and bad and indifferent but
• 59:13
  Speaker 2: that's why we're doing the studies supported by the Chuck
• 59:17
  Speaker 2: Knoll Foundation and others in in PD Parkinson's and in
• 59:22
  Speaker 2: patients with toxic encephalopathy syndrome we got to prove it
• 59:27
  Speaker 2: we have to show what I'm postulating and hypothesizing.
• 59:34
  Speaker 1: And glutathione, is it all by itself in terms of
• 59:37
  Speaker 1: being the champion marker, or are there other influences that
• 59:42
  Speaker 1: you're combining with that in terms of.
• 59:44
  Speaker 2: Glutathione is the main antioxidant in the brain. And like
• 59:49
  Speaker 2: I said, it's the analogy that it's the lemon juice,
• 59:54
  Speaker 2: like lemon juice is for the apple, is the lemon
• 59:57
  Speaker 2: juice for the brain. I love that. That's the easiest
• 59:59
  Speaker 2: way to understand it. And what you're doing, you're squelching
• 1:00:03
  Speaker 2: the oxidation. And oxidative stress is the underlying pathogenesis of
• 1:00:09
  Speaker 2: so many diseases of aging.
• 1:00:13
  Speaker 1: Right. Okay, so you've been interviewed thousands of times, and
• 1:00:19
  Speaker 1: you've had many lectures of 20,000 people, doctors recently, got
• 1:00:26
  Speaker 1: incredible response, but What's the one question that you wish
• 1:00:31
  Speaker 1: that you were asked, that you never get asked, that
• 1:00:34
  Speaker 1: I can ask you today?
• 1:00:38
  Speaker 2: The one question.
• 1:00:39
  Speaker 1: Yeah, the one question you wish that you, through all
• 1:00:43
  Speaker 1: of this public appearances and lecturing and educating, that you
• 1:00:47
  Speaker 1: wish people would ask you and somehow or other it evades.
• 1:00:54
  Speaker 2: I guess it's what I'm working on right now. with
• 1:00:57
  Speaker 2: a colleague, Serhat Aydin, who's a brilliant physician from Turkey.
• 1:01:01
  Speaker 2: I have several close friends who are having memory issues,
• 1:01:10
  Speaker 2: mild cognitive impairment. So what is the program that, and
• 1:01:16
  Speaker 2: we're building this now, what is the full program, multi-pronged,
• 1:01:22
  Speaker 2: that I would recommend for somebody who has early memory dementia,
• 1:01:27
  Speaker 2: mild cognitive impairment, are concerned about their progressive memory loss.
• 1:01:32
  Speaker 2: And that's a question I'm asking myself because one in
• 1:01:39
  Speaker 2: three patients my age have Alzheimer's disease. One in three.
• 1:01:44
  Speaker 1: That's so scary.
• 1:01:46
  Speaker 2: I'm concerned about this. And so I ask myself, what
• 1:01:49
  Speaker 2: would I do? And we've just put together a program
• 1:01:57
  Speaker 2: kind of out-of-the-box thinking. Number one, and not necessarily in order,
• 1:02:04
  Speaker 2: but number one is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. I believe that,
• 1:02:09
  Speaker 2: and we publish papers showing that it increases stem cell formation, neuronogenesis, synaptogenesis,
• 1:02:16
  Speaker 2: and neuroplasticity, and it's an anti-inflammatory. The other is photobiomodulation,
• 1:02:22
  Speaker 2: red light therapy through the skull and through the nose
• 1:02:29
  Speaker 2: with various products to increase ATP in the mitochondria, which
• 1:02:37
  Speaker 2: is how photobiomodulation works. And then there's gamma glutamyl cysteine
• 1:02:44
  Speaker 2: that we've discussed. And then other lithium oronate is another
• 1:02:52
  Speaker 2: product that I think lithium... may have a significant role
• 1:02:58
  Speaker 2: in early dementia as well.
• 1:03:02
  Speaker 1: So would you take lithium more preventatively, though, or just
• 1:03:05
  Speaker 1: only if you have the condition?
• 1:03:10
  Speaker 2: I'll let you know that in a month or two.
• 1:03:12
  Speaker 2: But I think very low dose. I'm not talking about
• 1:03:17
  Speaker 2: the therapeutic dose used for manic depression, 800 to 1,000
• 1:03:21
  Speaker 2: and more. I'm talking about 125 milligrams. or even in
• 1:03:28
  Speaker 2: the water, adding to the water as a product that's
• 1:03:33
  Speaker 2: available now. And then vitamin B, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids,
• 1:03:40
  Speaker 2: these things. That's what I'm thinking about working on now.
• 1:03:47
  Speaker 1: And tell everybody if they take vitamin D3 to take
• 1:03:49
  Speaker 1: it with K2 so the calcium doesn't go into the
• 1:03:52
  Speaker 1: arteries and goes where it's supposed to be to the cells, right?
• 1:03:57
  Speaker 2: Very important. Very important.
• 1:04:00
  Speaker 1: Most doctors don't even mention that. It's really scary because
• 1:04:04
  Speaker 1: D3 and K2, they're like twins. They should never be separated.
• 1:04:08
  Speaker 1: They should always be kept together in a formula. So
• 1:04:12
  Speaker 1: I'm always amazed when I see D3 by itself. or
• 1:04:16
  Speaker 1: calcium by itself, you know, these things should, science has
• 1:04:21
  Speaker 1: shown that they need to be combined.
• 1:04:25
  Speaker 2: I would also emphasize it's important to measure your vitamin
• 1:04:29
  Speaker 2: D3 level. You don't want to take too much either
• 1:04:33
  Speaker 2: because it can be dangerous. And just like your omega-3
• 1:04:37
  Speaker 2: fatty acids, your omega-3 index is something that should be
• 1:04:41
  Speaker 2: measured as well.
• 1:04:42
  Speaker 1: This is very important information, Joe.
• 1:04:45
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 1:04:45
  Speaker 1: For everybody. So I have another question for you, though.
• 1:04:51
  Speaker 1: I started earlier to say to you, you have colleagues
• 1:04:55
  Speaker 1: like Dr. Daniel Amen and Dr. Perlmutter, David Perlmutter, and
• 1:05:00
  Speaker 1: his son, Dr. Austin Perlmutter. These are people that get
• 1:05:03
  Speaker 1: on the Internet. They are always giving lectures at podcasts
• 1:05:07
  Speaker 1: and conferences and things. and being interviewed on podcasts. So
• 1:05:13
  Speaker 1: is there anywhere that you find a really deviation in
• 1:05:18
  Speaker 1: philosophy or procedural protocols that are different from you from
• 1:05:27
  Speaker 1: some of the other luminaries that are in the....
• 1:05:31
  Speaker 2: No, Dr. Perlmutter and Dr. Heyman, they're all, I know
• 1:05:36
  Speaker 2: them well, they're good friends. I respect immensely what they're doing.
• 1:05:41
  Speaker 2: I think I may emphasize, and because I'm simply interested
• 1:05:46
  Speaker 2: in it now, the red light therapy, the photobiomodulation, and
• 1:05:50
  Speaker 2: the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. I've been through 60 dives myself
• 1:05:55
  Speaker 2: and published a paper before and after measuring all sorts
• 1:05:58
  Speaker 2: of parameters, neurocognitive testing, brain speed, MRIs, spec scans. And
• 1:06:05
  Speaker 2: I think these are modalities that are underused, but... still
• 1:06:10
  Speaker 2: need to be investigated. But otherwise, no, I agree with
• 1:06:14
  Speaker 2: what they're doing and learn from them.
• 1:06:17
  Speaker 1: And Dr. Bredesen, I think I told you, is on
• 1:06:19
  Speaker 1: my podcast. Yes, he's doing great work. And he's written
• 1:06:23
  Speaker 1: the book, The End of Alzheimer's. He told me the
• 1:06:25
  Speaker 1: bold statement was, Michelle, this is the last generation that
• 1:06:29
  Speaker 1: should ever have to deal with Alzheimer's. And, of course,
• 1:06:33
  Speaker 1: that means conditional upon adopting a lifestyle change genetic, I mean,
• 1:06:39
  Speaker 1: epigenetic and those five pillars that you talked about earlier,
• 1:06:44
  Speaker 1: that all of this has to be part of the program.
• 1:06:46
  Speaker 1: It's just not snapping your fingers and it's going to
• 1:06:49
  Speaker 1: go away. But he claims that if you follow the
• 1:06:52
  Speaker 1: Bredesen protocol, do you agree with that?
• 1:06:57
  Speaker 2: I think those are the five, six pillars that will
• 1:07:02
  Speaker 2: give you the best chance of avoiding dementia, as you know.
• 1:07:07
  Speaker 2: 5% or plus or minus is a genetic predisposition problem.
• 1:07:16
  Speaker 1: You know, everything you've said today, Joe, it's like going
• 1:07:19
  Speaker 1: back to basics. I mean, if people would only go
• 1:07:23
  Speaker 1: and think about what is the foundation, you know, I'm
• 1:07:26
  Speaker 1: a real estate developer, so I always put it into
• 1:07:28
  Speaker 1: the metaphor of building a house. You know, you're not
• 1:07:31
  Speaker 1: going to put the roof on until you have the
• 1:07:33
  Speaker 1: strong foundation. If you don't have a strong foundation... you're
• 1:07:38
  Speaker 1: already starting off with a weak link. And the chain
• 1:07:41
  Speaker 1: is only as strong as its weakest link. So when
• 1:07:45
  Speaker 1: I hear you talk, I get really excited because, for
• 1:07:49
  Speaker 1: one thing, you are very advanced in your thinking in
• 1:07:52
  Speaker 1: terms of not only lifestyle and balance, obviously evidenced by
• 1:07:57
  Speaker 1: your book and your life experience, but also in terms
• 1:08:00
  Speaker 1: of some of the newer, like a lot of people
• 1:08:03
  Speaker 1: don't even mention hyperbaric. And that's like a very baseline
• 1:08:07
  Speaker 1: for you and your protocol and the red light therapy.
• 1:08:10
  Speaker 1: What about peptides? Are you doing anything with the peptide
• 1:08:13
  Speaker 1: bioregulators from Russia, from doctors?
• 1:08:17
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I'm familiar with the peptides. I've actually tried them
• 1:08:22
  Speaker 2: myself for some wound healing issues. I don't have a
• 1:08:26
  Speaker 2: strong feeling there. I've seen the reviews asking, if you
• 1:08:33
  Speaker 2: ask Dr. Claude, about the value of peptides. You'll see
• 1:08:39
  Speaker 2: both the pros and the cons, just like many of
• 1:08:41
  Speaker 2: the things I've talked about. But personally, I've just not
• 1:08:45
  Speaker 2: used them. But I like the analogy going back to
• 1:08:49
  Speaker 2: football with Coach Chuck Knoll, who won four Super Bowls
• 1:08:54
  Speaker 2: with the Pittsburgh Steelers, who hired me, actually, and got
• 1:08:58
  Speaker 2: me involved with sports medicine. You know, he said, football
• 1:09:03
  Speaker 2: is not complicated. It's about blocking and tackling. And whoever
• 1:09:07
  Speaker 2: blocks and tackles the best wins the game. What you
• 1:09:13
  Speaker 2: evoked in me when your last comment was, life is not,
• 1:09:17
  Speaker 2: and health is not complicated. It's about following the choices
• 1:09:24
  Speaker 2: we make in the five pillars. Do we eat the
• 1:09:27
  Speaker 2: right diet? Do we exercise? Do we avoid environmental toxins?
• 1:09:31
  Speaker 2: Control stress and sleep. Those are choices that everyone can make.
• 1:09:36
  Speaker 2: It's not complicated. It all gets back to the very basic.
• 1:09:40
  Speaker 2: And also, I would emphasize the gut-brain connection.
• 1:09:45
  Speaker 1: Right. I was just going to say that.
• 1:09:48
  Speaker 2: The microbiome and how absolutely critical it is for mental
• 1:09:53
  Speaker 2: health as well as therapeutic treatments for cancer. If you
• 1:09:57
  Speaker 2: don't have the right microbiome, various chemotherapeutic agents aren't effective.
• 1:10:02
  Speaker 2: And it's clearly related to mental health. 70, 80, 90%
• 1:10:08
  Speaker 2: of the serotonin is made in our gut as well
• 1:10:11
  Speaker 2: as dopamines.
• 1:10:12
  Speaker 1: I am so glad you brought that up because it's
• 1:10:16
  Speaker 1: one of my mantras to everybody, including my family, where
• 1:10:20
  Speaker 1: there's any health issues, I always say, have they checked
• 1:10:23
  Speaker 1: her microbiome yet or his microbiome? Because that is like, again,
• 1:10:28
  Speaker 1: that's one of the foundational principles of our health is
• 1:10:31
  Speaker 1: 70% of the immune system there and the serotonin there
• 1:10:36
  Speaker 1: and all that. Obviously, now proving that they call the
• 1:10:42
  Speaker 1: new brain diabetes 3 because of the insulin resistance issue
• 1:10:48
  Speaker 1: with the gut-brain connection. So this is really so important.
• 1:10:52
  Speaker 1: You're talking about all the very basic things that people
• 1:10:55
  Speaker 1: need to understand about And then what I was going
• 1:10:58
  Speaker 1: to add to that was in addition to the Russian peptides,
• 1:11:02
  Speaker 1: the bioregulators, which are oral, are all these new peptides.
• 1:11:06
  Speaker 1: There's now thousands of them, insulin being the very first one,
• 1:11:10
  Speaker 1: the injectables. But now there's so many that it's completely
• 1:11:14
  Speaker 1: a wild, wild west kind of thing. And there are
• 1:11:16
  Speaker 1: some that are supposed to be influencing the brain. Well,
• 1:11:21
  Speaker 1: definitely a lot for the gut. Like BPC-157 is.
• 1:11:26
  Speaker 1: Derivative of the gut and also affects the muscles and
• 1:11:31
  Speaker 1: probably you know about that from being an athlete but
• 1:11:35
  Speaker 1: so has it had any play whatsoever in any of
• 1:11:38
  Speaker 1: your studies that you're doing that the injectable well.
• 1:11:43
  Speaker 2: Like i said i've actually used them myself and yeah
• 1:11:47
  Speaker 2: i've i'm aware it's just not been a focus for
• 1:11:51
  Speaker 2: me at this.
• 1:11:51
  Speaker 1: Point right yeah i thought you meant just the uh
• 1:11:54
  Speaker 1: the russian ones where you're talking about both okay All right. Well,
• 1:11:57
  Speaker 1: we're being signaled by our good friend, Tony. So I
• 1:12:05
  Speaker 1: want to just thank you again. And we will do
• 1:12:07
  Speaker 1: a round two. And the next one is going to
• 1:12:09
  Speaker 1: be as soon as we can find you a time slot.
• 1:12:14
  Speaker 1: We want to talk a little more about what you're
• 1:12:17
  Speaker 1: doing with the hyperbaric and the glutathione, but then going
• 1:12:21
  Speaker 1: into the cancer. which that in itself is just mind-boggling
• 1:12:27
  Speaker 1: what you're doing there. So I want people to be
• 1:12:29
  Speaker 1: aware that we have a Chapter 2, a Round 2,
• 1:12:32
  Speaker 1: coming with you. And also yesterday, I think Dr. Patel
• 1:12:36
  Speaker 1: joined the advisory board, so you'll be interacting with him.
• 1:12:41
  Speaker 1: He's a good friend of mine, so hopefully he'll be.
• 1:12:44
  Speaker 2: Very good person, yeah.
• 1:12:45
  Speaker 1: Right. All right. Well, is there any one thing that
• 1:12:48
  Speaker 1: you would like to say? I know you've already said
• 1:12:50
  Speaker 1: the question that you didn't get asked, so I'm really
• 1:12:52
  Speaker 1: happy you talked about that. But is there any one
• 1:12:55
  Speaker 1: parting message that you would like to give our audience?
• 1:12:58
  Speaker 2: No, it's been a pleasure discussing these things, and I'm
• 1:13:03
  Speaker 2: amazed at what comes out when you ask the right questions.
• 1:13:07
  Speaker 1: Well, I really appreciate you saying that because when somebody's
• 1:13:10
  Speaker 1: interviewed as much as you, you want to be fresh
• 1:13:15
  Speaker 1: and unique about it. But there's just so much alignment
• 1:13:19
  Speaker 1: between you and me in terms of our belief systems,
• 1:13:24
  Speaker 1: our views on balancing life. And so it's just so
• 1:13:28
  Speaker 1: easy to talk to someone like you and have a
• 1:13:30
  Speaker 1: very meaningful discussion. And I only hope it's going to
• 1:13:34
  Speaker 1: help a lot of the people that will view this podcast.
• 1:13:38
  Speaker 1: With that in mind, I will say bless you for
• 1:13:41
  Speaker 1: all the work you've done and for your incredible life
• 1:13:44
  Speaker 1: and all the mentorship that you provided. People provided it
• 1:13:51
  Speaker 1: to you, and you have then turned that into a
• 1:13:54
  Speaker 1: gift to others. So thank you, Joe.