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Sunday Science 2025_12_14 · Go Un-Pro

• 0:00
  [Announcer Lucas] Welcome to Sunday Science,
• 0:01
  [Announcer Lucas] where we dive into a few recent scientific articles and their
• 0:04
  [Announcer Lucas] translation into our modern lives.
• 0:06
  [Announcer Lucas] Here is your host,
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  [Announcer Lucas] Brent W.
• 0:08
  [Announcer Lucas] Lartz,
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  [Announcer Lucas] M.
• 0:09
  [Announcer Lucas] D.
• 0:12
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] All right,
• 0:13
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] everyone.
• 0:13
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Welcome to another episode of Sunday Science,
• 0:17
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] where we discuss the most recent science in longevity space.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And we're going to be talking today about something called Clotho.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] It is a gene and gene product which were discovered in 1997.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Who is named after the Greek god of fate,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and Destiny Clotho,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] which was actually spelled with a C,
• 0:38
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] but this gene and gene product are spelled with a K,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] K-L-O-T-H-O.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Some of this was discovered using knockout mice,
• 0:49
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and these mice had accelerated aging,
• 0:53
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] which was marked compared to any other compound that they found.
• 0:59
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] So it was very...
• 1:03
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] fortuitous to find this.
• 1:05
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] When it was upregulated,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] this gene product,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] increasing the secretory form of Clotho,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] there are three forms,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] alpha,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] beta,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and gamma.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Those,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the secretory form,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] which is alpha-clotho,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] these mice had a 15% to 30% longer life and improved cardiovascular,
• 1:27
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] renal,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and brain health.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] There were lower rates of cognitive decline.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And there are some also now some studies in humans,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] mainly based on levels and historical cohorts.
• 1:43
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] This compound potentially reduces oxidative stress.
• 1:47
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] It attenuates insulin and insulin growth factor.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] If it is low,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] it was found that there is a 30% higher risk of dying within five
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] years compared to normal range or a high range.
• 2:02
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And this risk of dying was associated with a higher...
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] um mortality.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] If you had low physical activity.
• 2:13
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] So,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] however,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] it might not be so simple because there were some discordant results.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Some people had some diverse findings with this.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And so this newest study here,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] which was the article we're including in the and the notes.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Higher circulating alpha-clothal levels increase all cause mortality
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] through mediation effects of liver fibrosis.
• 2:43
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] This is a second analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] so NHANES.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] This is from some Chinese authors,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Qi Chen.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And this was published in the Journals of Gerontology in 2025,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Series A,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences.
• 3:08
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And so what they did in this study was they looked at the mortality
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and the all-cause mortality and as if you were looking at a normal set of data.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] As what other people had found,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] they found that there was an all-cause mortality risk with lower
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] levels compared to...
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] higher levels.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And so that all-cause mortality.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] One could say, 'Wow,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] this is great news.' This is...
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] associated with lower mortality when you have a higher level
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] compared to a lower level.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] However,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] it's not that simple,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and this seems to be a U-shaped hormesis,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] because what they did is they then compared the five different
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] quintiles of patients to see compared to the middle quintile,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the third quintile,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] obviously.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Lo and behold,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] what they found was that the fifth quintile,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the highest quintile,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] was actually also associated with a higher mortality compared to the third,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] which actually also was a lower mortality compared to the first quintile.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] So I'll show you this data here,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and let's see here.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] We're going to share this data with you.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] All right,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] so you can see here that the highest quintile.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] You can see that there's a U-shaped curve here.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] In the data,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] a higher level also increased mortality.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] A mid-level,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] which was basically what we're now showing as potentially a normal level,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] is that mid-level,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and then a lower level.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Also associated with higher mortality.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And then they teased the data out and they said, 'Hey,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] now let's find out with these people that have a higher mortality at higher levels.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] What does that correlate with?' And they found.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] That and here is one particular: the fibrosis score,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] a liver fibrosis score.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] You can see here that at lower levels,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] there's lower fibrosis.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] That highest quintile,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] there is an association with a higher level of mortality and of fibrosis.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And that's just one score.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Another score,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the APRI score,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the platelet and AST level score.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] You can see again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] there's an increased level.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And then this score.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Keeps skipping by it,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the NFS score.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And here's the other one,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the FIB4 score.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] you can see here where there is a higher level of mortality at a higher level.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Uh or sorry,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] not a higher level of mortality,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] a higher fibrosis four score with the higher level of.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Clotho,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] okay.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] So again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] hey.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] This is some very interesting data showing that it may not be as
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] simple as what some people are telling you.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] That it is—not just.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] The higher level— associated with decreased mortality,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] but it is a mid-level,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] a normal level.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And if you have an excess amount,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] it might be associated with an increased mortality.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And that increased mortality might be at least partially caused by
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] an increased amount of liver fibrosis.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] So again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] you've heard a lot of people talking about this,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and we had some lectures here at the American Academy of Anti-Aging
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Medicine who were touting Clotho.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] There are multiple companies.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Touting either the use of Clotho on skin,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] also maybe some newer companies touting the use of Clotho either sublingual,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] or some sort of intramuscular,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] or subcutaneous,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] or...
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] or even intravenous forms,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] but I'm here to tell you that it is not as simple as it might seem,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and we need further research to find this out in mice and in humans.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] very interesting studies here,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] and we're going to continue to find out in the next year.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] There are multiple studies we're going to show in our...
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] um Research here.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] I'll show you multiple articles.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] There is a dozen articles just from the past year on Clotho.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] And so I am sure over the next one or two years,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] we're going to find out a lot more in the future.
• 8:28
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] thank you for attending here at Sunday Science on Go Unpro,
• 8:33
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] the podcast on longevity and science for microbiome,
• 8:38
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] for longevity,
• 8:39
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] for...
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] advancing the interests of living into our 90s and 100s in a healthy way.
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Again,
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  [Dr. Brent Laartz] we'll see you next week,
• 8:48
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] next Sunday.
• 8:49
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Appreciate your visiting us.
• 8:50
  [Dr. Brent Laartz] Again,
• 8:51
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