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9 Mental Traps That Are Secretly Ruining Your Progress · Total Barnage

0:00
SPEAKER_01: Welcome back to Total Barnage.
0:02
SPEAKER_01: Welcome back to another episode.
0:04
SPEAKER_01: Why are you laughing?
0:05
SPEAKER_01: Why are you laughing for?
0:06
SPEAKER_01: Why are you laughing for?
0:08
SPEAKER_04: I was about to spell biases.
0:11
SPEAKER_01: Why would you spell biases?
0:13
SPEAKER_01: What is the relevance of biases to today's episode?
0:17
SPEAKER_04: Because guess what we're talking about today?
0:19
SPEAKER_04: We're talking about nine psychological biases.
0:24
SPEAKER_01: Which influence your training and growth.
0:26
SPEAKER_04: There we go.
0:27
SPEAKER_01: And um, I have come with a list of nine cognitive biases, um, ways that we might be subconsciously viewing and having perspective over our reality and gym journey that will that will kind of affect and change um well, it's either determined how you've acted up to this point, and it could also change how you can uh change your direction of how you view your health and fitness in the in the future.
0:56
SPEAKER_01: Yes.
0:57
SPEAKER_01: And I'm basically just going to be blurting out words.
1:00
SPEAKER_01: I'm gonna ask Charlotte, what does it mean?
1:03
SPEAKER_01: You're gonna give your best guess.
1:05
SPEAKER_01: And uh I'm hopefully going to explain it in a in a way which you can understand.
1:12
SPEAKER_04: I was gonna say, I think it's gonna be a very educational podcast for both me and the listener.
1:17
SPEAKER_00: Yeah, and and me as well.
1:19
SPEAKER_00: I think it's always good for me.
1:23
SPEAKER_01: Start the meditation now.
1:26
SPEAKER_01: Um, so let's get into it.
1:28
SPEAKER_01: Um I'll try and also and we can discuss how this relates to the gym context specifically.
1:33
SPEAKER_01: Of course, all these biases can be relevant um in some form or another outside of the gym.
1:41
SPEAKER_01: Um, first of all, it is why biases exist.
1:47
SPEAKER_01: Charlotte, why might they exist without looking at my booklet?
1:52
SPEAKER_04: So are we talking about that in a like a cognitive biases aspect or just in general?
1:59
SPEAKER_00: Yeah, go in in general, not in our in our brain.
2:03
SPEAKER_04: So they can exist from people having experiences with certain situations or certain kind of things.
2:13
SPEAKER_04: Um so for example, if someone's experienced something and they might have had a negative experience, they're probably gonna have a negative bias towards that uh what's the word?
2:28
SPEAKER_04: That like stimulus.
2:29
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, that stimulus, exactly.
2:31
SPEAKER_04: And same for if you've had a positive um experience with something, or you you think about something in a positive way, or you know, that you're always gonna have a then that you'll have more of a positive bias because you've experienced that in a positive manner.
2:46
unknown: Yeah.
2:46
SPEAKER_04: Does that make sense?
2:47
SPEAKER_01: I think the but I think the best way to describe it and a lot of these psychological biases when we go through will be relating a lot to um how it is adaptable and how it has been adaptable from an evolutionary point of view, so from a survival point of view.
3:03
SPEAKER_02: Sometimes you like things and sometimes you don't.
3:06
SPEAKER_01: But in fact, founded in those, for a lot of it, it's like evolutionary survival.
3:11
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, you want to protect your ego, you want to maintain self-esteem, um, and you also want a simplified form of something because what we like to do in our brain, because our brain is a prediction machine, it's trying to make predictions all the time.
3:27
SPEAKER_01: Um, we have these things called mental shortcuts or heuristics, rules of thumb to go by to simplify things, so that like imagine if every time you had to make a decision, even a small one, you would have to go through and apply like deep logical analysis.
3:47
SPEAKER_01: It just would be impractical.
3:48
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
3:49
SPEAKER_04: Would you say a lot of biases are quite impulse-based?
3:54
SPEAKER_01: Impulse-based.
3:55
SPEAKER_01: What do you what do you mean by that?
3:59
SPEAKER_04: In terms of like I um I just keep relating it back to experiences, I guess.
4:03
SPEAKER_04: But even with like from like the evolutionary standpoint, right?
4:08
SPEAKER_04: If someone has like a um what's the word?
4:14
SPEAKER_04: I always think I can't I can't like an internalized bias that they haven't really genuinely thought about based on kind of evolutionary, like for example, oh no, that's a really bad example.
4:28
SPEAKER_04: Like red berries on a tree tend to be poisonous, don't you?
4:32
SPEAKER_04: Like, you kind of know not to.
4:34
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
4:34
SPEAKER_04: Do you think that's like an impulse-driven?
4:38
SPEAKER_01: I think we'll get in.
4:39
SPEAKER_01: I think we'll get into it.
4:40
SPEAKER_01: I think it will make sense as we uncover some of these biases.
4:44
SPEAKER_01: Um but it's it's tough, it's tough to conceptualize.
4:49
SPEAKER_01: There's a really interesting book which is called Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman and uh Amos Tversky, and they were uh behavioral scientists and uh sociologists, I believe.
5:06
SPEAKER_01: In the like 60s to 80s, they basically went through and did all of these experiments um to work out like how we make decisions.
5:15
SPEAKER_01: And they've got an idea which is system one and system two.
5:19
SPEAKER_01: System one is that fast mind that's the the quick uh decisions, the automatic, intuitive, that sort of like unconscious processing.
5:28
SPEAKER_04: That's me asking you about impulse biases, fast thinking, fast thinking, and then system two is the slow mind.
5:36
SPEAKER_01: So this is more about taking time with decisions, going through rationality.
5:41
SPEAKER_01: Um, and yeah, they you know that first one, the fast mind, it runs effortlessly, doesn't feel like there's a sense of voluntary control, and then the second one is when you take a bit of time to to actually go through and make make the decision.
5:54
SPEAKER_04: And do you think everybody is capable of both of these?
5:58
SPEAKER_01: So their their argument uh is that they work together.
6:03
SPEAKER_01: So system one generates suggestions, feelings, and intuitions for system two, yeah, and then um system two steps in to override system one when things get difficult or complex.
6:16
SPEAKER_01: So going and making a uh if you're driving and let's say you've got to make a decision between a left or a right turn and it's got to happen on impulse, you're gonna go on your system one programming and it's gonna happen straight away.
6:30
SPEAKER_01: If you are then making a decision about which route road to take, if you're planning it before, you'll go with system two because there's a few more variables at stake.
6:38
SPEAKER_01: And they obviously have different uses because in some cases you need a split-second decision, otherwise, you might have a crash.
6:48
SPEAKER_01: There's no point when if there's a car in front of you and you need to stop or you need to go, and they've emergency stops and you're still moving, you start to rely on system two.
6:58
SPEAKER_01: You're like, hmm, should I press to break?
7:01
SPEAKER_01: Oh, I don't know.
7:01
SPEAKER_01: Oh, what if if I weigh up the pros and cons and I make a list?
7:04
SPEAKER_01: Next thing you know, you've already crashed into the back of them.
7:08
SPEAKER_04: You're gonna hate me for asking this.
7:10
SPEAKER_04: Just another fast mind thing that's come to my head.
7:15
SPEAKER_04: Um do you think, in your opinion, the use of technology these days and stuff like sat navs have made our fast mind and slow mind kind of prepare a bit more lazy in terms of thought processes and like for example with seeing that a road's closed and then you just kind of don't even use your intuition to go like okay, we need to go the other way around.
7:44
SPEAKER_04: Let me follow my sound.
7:45
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I don't know exactly if it would be right for me to say that when it maps onto like system one and system two, I would guess that what it would do is it would shift everything into the system one, meaning like you just take it as fact, yeah, you don't even question it, yeah.
8:00
SPEAKER_01: Um, and that's how you process things, and you use the system two less.
8:06
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, um, you you look something up without thinking about it before, you ask someone where something is without going and looking for it for 30 seconds, um, you ask a question on impulse without if you if you had access to to you know, you ask AI instead of just thinking about it kind of thing.
8:24
SPEAKER_04: That's such a conversation that I was having yesterday.
8:26
SPEAKER_04: I'll just quickly just cover that.
8:27
SPEAKER_04: I'll shut the hell up and let you talk.
8:29
SPEAKER_04: But talking about how I really actually like if I want to find out something, I like uh being able to Google it and actually look through different websites, and I really don't like now how AI just gives you the answer kind of straight away and it scans websites and summarizes it for you.
8:44
SPEAKER_04: I think that's gonna make people really, really lazy.
8:46
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, excuse me, Coke Zero.
8:49
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, it is you know, the the thinking for yourself.
8:52
SPEAKER_01: I mean, we've kind of selected, and this is this is a bias that I haven't even put on here, but it's the healthy user bias, which is we've selected out um, or it's been self-selected by people that are listening to podcasts, they are naturally, and as you're you know, listening to this, you're naturally the person that will think a little bit more about things, so it's quite difficult, really, the entry level to get someone that would uh take things as as their immediate information comes up just to take it as gospel.
9:24
SPEAKER_01: The ones that are listening to this podcast are the type of people that will research a bit further.
9:30
SPEAKER_01: Um, but that is why we're here to then give more stuff about it.
9:34
SPEAKER_04: More, more okay, right.
9:35
SPEAKER_01: The first one I think is probably the best to go into because it does underpin a lot of other things, is loss aversion.
9:43
SPEAKER_04: Okay.
9:44
SPEAKER_01: What do you think loss aversion is loss aversion?
9:51
SPEAKER_04: Loss aversion, sorry, I wasn't speaking close enough to the microphone.
9:54
SPEAKER_04: Um is that when you've had an experience with something in the past that you have lost and then because of that, like if you've had, for example, yeah, you've you've kind of lost out on something or you've had a negative experience with something, love talking about experiences, um, and because of that you have that mindset, like, oh, if you think that you're gonna come out kind of worse off from it, you will kind of gravitate away from that kind of scenario or situation.
10:34
SPEAKER_01: Um yeah, in a I mean in in a way it's so like aversion in terms of like turning away from loss, avoiding, yeah.
10:43
SPEAKER_01: Um it is it's more so in a decision-making process and the plain pleasure principle.
10:52
SPEAKER_01: So you got pain if you got a loss, then you got pleasure if you got a gain.
10:56
SPEAKER_01: And it's it states that the pain of a loss outweighs the uh pleasure of an equal gain.
11:06
SPEAKER_04: Okay.
11:07
SPEAKER_01: So if you were to walk along the street and you found£10 on the floor, you'll have a certain amount of pleasure signals that's gonna make you happy or surprised.
11:16
SPEAKER_01: If you lose£10, you're gonna feel worse than how good you felt if you gained£10.
11:24
SPEAKER_04: Okay, so it's kind of like we gravitate towards the glass half empty over having a glass half full.
11:31
SPEAKER_01: That's that's potentially going into another one, which is negativity bias.
11:35
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, yeah, yeah.
11:36
SPEAKER_01: Um, so yeah, uh, loss aversion is trying to avoid loss.
11:40
SPEAKER_01: Okay.
11:40
SPEAKER_01: Um, negativity bias is more focusing on the negative.
11:45
SPEAKER_04: And is the loss aversion is that because you've been in that situation before and you have lost something, or is it going, oh, I'm probably gonna lose that, so I won't do it?
11:58
SPEAKER_01: This a lot of it, I mean, some of it again is is subconscious, and the theory is that from an evolutionary perspective, if you are looking at a hunter-gatherer society, if you're looking at more of a um a survival lens, that if you there's a rustle in the bushes, yeah, and you're trying to work out whether it's worth going for it and having a look and being like, oh, I could gain a you know, a small animal, a small animal, great.
12:32
SPEAKER_01: Um however, if it's a big animal and it's gonna kill you, then you're dead.
12:38
SPEAKER_01: It's game over, you know.
12:40
SPEAKER_01: So it's like it's like there's there's a massive imbalance between like it's not a 50-50, it's kind of like a stay in the game mentality, and it's and it is just saying like there's a massive loss of life there psychologically that you won't be able to recover from.
12:58
SPEAKER_01: So it's like we're we're going off based off programming on survival when we don't live in that sort of environment at like anymore, and so when we're looking at losses, we're just gonna out you know overweigh over over significance on a loss rather than an equal gain, even when it doesn't really serve us to do so anymore.
13:22
SPEAKER_01: Um, it's kind of just like a lag because evolution is slow, but the way that the modern world works is super fast.
13:28
SPEAKER_04: So, in a in the context of a like gym setting, so say you're coming in and you kind of wanted to start going to the gym for like say this is just I don't know, a new client and they want to start going to the gym because they've heard it's really good for building their bone mass density or whatever, right?
13:52
SPEAKER_04: They could also have the mindset of like, oh, but I'm gonna get bulky or I'm gonna look bulky, and they would you would is that or is that more negativity bias?
14:01
SPEAKER_01: Um I think I would just say that's misinformation.
14:05
SPEAKER_01: Um I think that is what we'll I'll go into as um I would probably put that as a uh it's kind of that's that's more so not understanding the process of things.
14:25
SPEAKER_01: Um that's more so seeing a transformation photo or yeah, and not understanding exactly what goes into it and how you know difficult things actually are.
14:36
SPEAKER_04: So for you personally, what would you how would you explain to the listeners and me um what a loss aversion would be in a gym setting?
14:47
SPEAKER_01: I mean, before you before you enter the gym, let's say you have to pay a membership fee, you have to pay for sessions.
14:54
SPEAKER_01: Um when you don't necessarily know the outcome of what you're actually getting from it, um, you want to keep your money.
15:03
SPEAKER_01: And you need to be convinced or you need to be really invested into spending the money if it's something that you are protective over.
15:12
SPEAKER_04: Perfect, noted.
15:13
SPEAKER_04: It's like when you have a consultation or you get someone who messages asking what the pricing is before going on a call and actually talking about why they want to start the gym and going into that kind of deeper aspect and seeing the value in it from our perspective, how we explain that.
15:28
SPEAKER_01: I think I think you could also go into it on a on a more um experienced lens in the gym, which is that uh with and it's probably more on the negativity bias side of things.
15:39
SPEAKER_01: Um, negativity bias would be that you will come away from a gym experience, you might have succeeded in lifting uh six out of your seven lifts, but one out of the seven you fail, you're gonna be thinking more about the failure than than all of the successes, so you're gonna be focusing on the negative side.
15:59
SPEAKER_01: In terms of loss aversion, uh, it might be more of a protection mechanism to not try and to not try because of a fear of failure.
16:09
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
16:10
SPEAKER_04: I was gonna say remind me to talk about varsity hockey when we talk about negativity bias, because that's a really good example.
16:15
SPEAKER_01: It's actually negativity bias isn't actually on the rest of it.
16:19
SPEAKER_04: Oh balls but um well I guess it would make sense.
16:23
SPEAKER_04: Like I feel like would it count for for a loss of version?
16:26
SPEAKER_04: I mean, no, because it does it's not you stopping yourself.
16:29
SPEAKER_04: What kind of is?
16:31
SPEAKER_04: I don't know.
16:32
SPEAKER_04: I we had varsity hockey and we won against Leicester, but it was from penalties and I was one of the penalty takers and I missed my pen.
16:41
SPEAKER_04: So even though I was really happy we won because we still beat them, yeah, for like a week after I just kept replaying the fact that I should have put my put the ball in the other corner, and it really, really bothered me, more so than us winning, even though I was really happy.
16:54
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
16:55
SPEAKER_04: So is that that's the loss aversion?
16:57
SPEAKER_01: I mean that would be yeah, that'll be your negativity bias, most likely.
17:01
SPEAKER_01: Um and it's and it's product and it's productive though with the with the look focusing on the negative, it's a position of growth as well.
17:10
SPEAKER_01: Um so if you just think about it in a rational sense, is there are still ways that you can improve, and we are also very critical of ourselves.
17:18
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
17:19
SPEAKER_01: Um to go back to what you're saying about the uh bulkiness online and seeing that that is probably more relative uh related to a an availability bias.
17:29
SPEAKER_01: Okay, cool.
17:30
SPEAKER_01: Now, availability bias is just that if something can be recalled quickly, it must be the most important thing.
17:37
SPEAKER_01: And so it's the first thing that comes into your mind, you then will stick to it, yeah, and that will be more dominant over then the next bits of information.
17:48
SPEAKER_04: And does that tie in with us talking about the member talking about how they did the research on creatine, saying that it was a really bad supplement?
17:54
SPEAKER_04: They saw one piece of information, saying that it was really bad.
17:57
SPEAKER_04: It was probably talking about someone who had kidney problems and they took creatine and made it worse.
18:01
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
18:01
SPEAKER_04: So they're like, oh terrible for you.
18:02
SPEAKER_04: So that's like an availability bias because that's the one piece of information they've seen when they've done their research.
18:07
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
18:07
SPEAKER_01: And then that will be coupled with a thing called anchoring bias, which is where you rely too heavily on the first piece of information that you receive.
18:15
SPEAKER_01: So it's it's uh and Daniel Kahneman and Amos Towersky in their book have a phrase which is what you see is all there is.
18:25
SPEAKER_04: How do you remember this?
18:26
SPEAKER_04: Is so insane to me.
18:29
SPEAKER_04: Just your mind is great.
18:30
SPEAKER_04: Sorry, like you're just saying this.
18:31
SPEAKER_04: I'm like, oh my god, it's so cool that you can just quote.
18:36
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I can see it on the page.
18:37
SPEAKER_04: This is gonna be the title Charlotte Amazed by Charles for the 15th time.
18:42
SPEAKER_01: 15,000 two hour, two hour episode.
18:45
SPEAKER_01: No, thank you.
18:47
SPEAKER_01: Um, yeah, what you see is all there is.
18:50
SPEAKER_01: Um, and it's basically saying that the you just base your uh your experience on what you have seen.
19:00
SPEAKER_01: It's like your algorithm that determines your you know your uh intake of information and then what how you create your opinions.
19:09
SPEAKER_04: What was that thing that we learned in psychology?
19:11
SPEAKER_04: Did you did you do psychology for a little?
19:13
SPEAKER_04: No.
19:13
SPEAKER_04: There's the iceberg theory when you see the the time you only see the tip of the iceberg, but underneath it's goes all the way down.
19:20
SPEAKER_04: That's kind of same thing, what you see.
19:23
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and it and it's what's available to you.
19:24
SPEAKER_01: Like we're you know, um from me coming to a um from a like a high performance environment out in the states, uh I would be I would be fair enough to assume that lots of people were driven and had the same goals of performance.
19:40
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
19:41
SPEAKER_01: Now, when I when I come into a different environment down the gym where there's different demographic, yeah, I can then see that not everyone cares about performance and not everyone has their identity attached so much to the to the numbers, yeah.
19:52
SPEAKER_01: And they care more about longevity and quality of life, yeah.
19:55
SPEAKER_01: And not everyone wants to like get the most out of them.
19:59
SPEAKER_01: Um, not everyone wants to, not everyone has the same goals.
20:02
SPEAKER_04: Not everybody wants to be optimization, final boss, trust tracking everything.
20:05
SPEAKER_04: Some people just want to move and feel good.
20:08
SPEAKER_04: It's nice to keep it simple sometimes, exactly.
20:10
SPEAKER_01: So, yeah, availability bias and anchoring bias, two ways that you can uh bypass them.
20:17
SPEAKER_01: I mean, with every single of these biases, the main thing is awareness, yeah, um, and understanding that your perspective can be skewed positive or negatively from a subconscious lens and without you even knowing.
20:32
SPEAKER_01: Um something such as availability bias is investigating more about the information, doing your due diligence, and just questioning like, is this true?
20:47
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, uh, you know, just because it is it's available and right on your face and it looks attractive doesn't mean that it's necessarily more true than than something else.
20:57
SPEAKER_04: Using your fast and your slow mind.
20:58
SPEAKER_01: Exactly.
20:59
SPEAKER_01: Um, and then anchoring bias, which is relying too heavily on the first piece of information you receive.
21:04
SPEAKER_01: This could be uh, for example, someone who has picked a certain body weight that they want to achieve when they've started going to the gym based on maybe even a couple of decades ago, that was their healthy body weight then.
21:19
SPEAKER_01: And so they're gonna anchor their experience to that to that weight and that number on the scale, when and they're gonna compare everything to that, and that's gonna be what drives their expectations.
21:31
SPEAKER_01: However, as we know, if you are building muscle, or even if you're getting older and you have different needs and lifestyle changes, then your that number isn't going to represent the same thing as it did before.
21:44
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, yeah, exactly.
21:45
SPEAKER_01: Um, and so the way that you can overcome an anchoring bias is first of all understanding of the bias itself.
21:53
SPEAKER_01: Uh so question is it is it just because it's the first piece of information I receive?
21:58
SPEAKER_01: Um, and then it is Is going into your measures of success.
22:03
SPEAKER_01: Let's say it is something that's on the scale.
22:06
SPEAKER_01: Start to question why was it a measure of success success before?
22:10
SPEAKER_01: And being able to use the past to inform you, but also let go of that anchor.
22:15
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
22:16
SPEAKER_04: And I think that's actually a really important thing that a lot of members should excuse me, the coat zero is really sitting in my chest.
22:24
SPEAKER_04: Um, should take note of, especially if they are if they do have a goal of like losing body fat, don't hold on to the scales at all because especially, oh my god, that is not okay.
22:38
SPEAKER_04: Um especially if they are doing a lot of strength training, you know.
22:44
SPEAKER_04: I I mean we could both use ourselves as a prime example.
22:46
SPEAKER_04: Us at whatever weight we're at now, I would have looked completely different at this weight years ago if I was the same body weight with how much I trained, etc.
22:56
SPEAKER_04: Like, I would be quite chubby.
22:59
SPEAKER_04: And I'm not saying I'm not, but like, you know, me at say 69 kilos now would look very different to me at 69 kilos a couple years ago.
23:08
SPEAKER_01: Absolutely, and it is and it's worth you know, chasing the correct and determining your correct measure of success.
23:16
SPEAKER_01: Actually, what you what you want rather than just what you may have been told.
23:20
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
23:20
SPEAKER_01: Um it is true, like you you look and you say, you know, six sixty-nine kilos looks different on one person at different times of their life, yeah, and then also different people with different body shapes.
23:32
SPEAKER_04: We'll sometimes do that in classes.
23:33
SPEAKER_04: People be like, Oh, yeah, I'm I'm 60 kilos, I feel really fat and heavy.
23:37
SPEAKER_04: And I just look at them and go, I'm 74 kilos, do you think I'm fat?
23:40
SPEAKER_04: Like it's like because it's good to help shift people's percepts uh perspective.
23:44
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and and it's not necessarily you know looking at body weight, it is also looking at if you go into a a gym which is a little bit more of an advanced class, let's say, and you're looking at what people are lifting, yeah, you're gonna think that that's then the norm, yeah, and that's gonna anchor your expectations from what you think you should get out of yourself, and then maybe you go to another class and you might be instead of being the weakest in the class, you're the strongest, yeah, and you go, Oh, wait, hold on.
24:09
SPEAKER_01: This was based on expectations from the information that was available to me.
24:14
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, and you might be comparing yourself to someone like a guy who's like 30, who's in his absolute prime, he's been lifting freighters as well.
24:22
SPEAKER_04: It's like how can you compare?
24:24
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and you can't compare to to others, you can use him as like sources of inspiration, uh, but equally you're you're at a different stage of your own journey at different points as well.
24:34
SPEAKER_01: Um, I know that the numbers that I'm lifting coming back from injury don't really matter as much as just being like pain-free.
24:41
SPEAKER_01: Uh so that is availability and anchoring bias.
24:46
SPEAKER_01: The next one is the status quo bias.
24:50
SPEAKER_01: What do you think?
24:52
SPEAKER_01: The status quo bias.
24:56
SPEAKER_04: What does status quo even mean?
24:58
SPEAKER_01: Status quo.
24:59
SPEAKER_04: I think it was a high school musical song.
25:02
SPEAKER_04: Go on.
25:04
SPEAKER_02: No, no, no, no, no, no.
25:06
SPEAKER_02: Stick to the stuff you know, and then they say status quo.
25:10
SPEAKER_02: Yeah, that's it.
25:10
SPEAKER_02: There you go.
25:11
SPEAKER_01: Stick to the stuff you know.
25:12
SPEAKER_02: Is that status quo?
25:14
SPEAKER_02: That's it, yeah.
25:15
SPEAKER_02: That's exactly what it is.
25:17
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
25:18
SPEAKER_02: Lar something every day.
25:20
SPEAKER_02: That's it.
25:20
SPEAKER_01: So stick stick to the stuff you know.
25:22
SPEAKER_01: It is the idea that we revert back to our default settings.
25:26
SPEAKER_01: Okay.
25:27
SPEAKER_01: Um, and again, this is where loss aversion comes into play, which is the emotional pain of a potential loss feels much heavier than the pleasure of an equal gain, which is why we would prefer to stay where we are rather than change.
25:45
SPEAKER_04: Comfort blanket.
25:46
SPEAKER_01: Comfort blanket, exactly.
25:48
SPEAKER_01: And this is then coupled with a thing called regret avoidance, which is where you don't want to change an action because you don't want to regret the decision that you make.
26:00
SPEAKER_01: One thing that we don't account for though is that the decision for inaction is still a decision.
26:08
SPEAKER_01: So you deciding, well, um, if I invest money into going to the gym, will I regret that decision?
26:16
SPEAKER_01: Okay.
26:16
SPEAKER_01: That is an action that you would have to take away from the status quo, away from your default settings to change.
26:22
SPEAKER_03: Yeah.
26:24
SPEAKER_01: And you would say, and you might even it might even be subconscious.
26:30
unknown: Yeah.
26:31
SPEAKER_01: You might be making a decision to not do anything, and that is inaction.
26:37
SPEAKER_01: But because you because nothing's changed, you don't think it's a decision.
26:42
SPEAKER_01: Basically.
26:42
SPEAKER_01: Because you haven't done anything.
26:43
SPEAKER_01: You're like, well, uh, you know, I'm just going through the motions, but each is still each is still a decision at every single point that you you make it.
26:50
SPEAKER_01: There's no there's no um significance significant change between going and doing something and doing nothing.
26:58
SPEAKER_01: You're still just deciding to do something, yeah.
27:02
SPEAKER_01: Um so that is yeah, that's the regret um regret avoidance.
27:07
SPEAKER_01: This is a and it's interesting when I talk about like inaction being a decision.
27:15
SPEAKER_01: Again, we kind of need to focus on what is the default settings.
27:19
SPEAKER_01: So if your default setting is in action, it's like an unconscious, then that's going to apply where inaction is your default, but some of our default settings might be action.
27:30
SPEAKER_01: So if you are a goalkeeper wanting to save a penalty, your default setting is going to be move left or right.
27:38
SPEAKER_01: When actually, statistically, if you stay down the middle, you're more likely to save it.
27:44
SPEAKER_01: So, but it looks it looks different.
27:46
SPEAKER_01: The way that people see it, you're like, well, you didn't do anything.
27:48
SPEAKER_01: And it's like, well, no, I did, I just chose to do nothing.
27:51
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, yeah, yeah.
27:52
SPEAKER_01: And there's a there's kind of an over-significance, you're over-indexing on the quality of decision making if you're doing something.
27:59
SPEAKER_01: So there's the yeah, there's the ac action bias, but it basically is just question your default settings, you're more likely to revert to that, and you're gonna have to overcome a certain amount of um certain amount of motivation or a pain point that gets too bad for you to change.
28:19
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, create action.
28:20
SPEAKER_01: Um, and also going into that, that's where a so status quo bias and default settings is things like you start on Monday because it's the start of the week, it's a reset.
28:32
SPEAKER_01: That's what the status quo is.
28:34
SPEAKER_01: We start work on Monday and we have the weekend and then we begin again.
28:39
SPEAKER_01: Uh there's New Year's resolutions, end of the year, let's just start then.
28:44
SPEAKER_01: Start the month, that sort of stuff.
28:46
SPEAKER_01: Those sort of things that we put into our default settings, our status quo, about what is usual.
28:52
SPEAKER_01: We have we over-index on the significance of that date when in reality the best time to make a decision is now.
29:01
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
29:02
SPEAKER_01: Um, so the best thing to do in terms of the status quo bias and overcoming it is not necessarily going for those really big sessions or really big changes.
29:13
SPEAKER_01: The thing that's gonna be the most consistent over the long term is changing your default settings.
29:18
SPEAKER_01: So asking yourself, what behaviours do I revert back to when?
29:23
SPEAKER_04: So for example, people emotional eating.
29:26
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
29:27
SPEAKER_04: So I feel stressed, I'm gonna go and eat some stuff.
29:30
SPEAKER_04: You could do, I feel stressed, I'm gonna take myself on a walk.
29:34
SPEAKER_04: Just changing that pattern.
29:35
SPEAKER_01: Exactly.
29:36
SPEAKER_01: And and once that becomes habitual, then that is gonna be your default setting for managing stress.
29:42
SPEAKER_04: I've had a stressful week, I'm gonna have a open up a bottle of wine, even though I said I wasn't gonna do that.
29:48
SPEAKER_04: Okay.
29:49
SPEAKER_04: I d and it's like just being able to kind of identify those behaviours basically.
29:53
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
29:54
SPEAKER_01: Now that leads us quite nicely, the last thing you said, into a thing called hyperbolic discounting or present bias, which is at the seat of when we talk about instant gratification.
30:07
SPEAKER_01: So we value our current situation over our future situation, meaning like when we are stressed, we see that it's worth it just to crack open a drink or to eat or to manage it in a potentially more unhealthy in birth buying exactly me.
30:24
SPEAKER_01: Oh, really?
30:25
SPEAKER_04: I've had a really bad day.
30:26
SPEAKER_04: Oh, we should go and buy myself.
30:27
SPEAKER_01: Bang, bang, bang.
30:28
SPEAKER_01: Not good.
30:29
SPEAKER_01: Um, and that's and that's when you value your current situation over your future situation.
30:34
SPEAKER_01: Um, that is I mean, the reason why it happens ultimately is a part of um memory availability.
30:44
SPEAKER_01: We have we're very close to the action at the moment, it's very difficult to assume a state change or to assume how we feel in the future.
30:52
SPEAKER_04: Is it also kind of like your brain reverting back to its ways that it knows of kind of keeping you safe in in a way?
31:03
SPEAKER_04: Like if say you were it was like a a coping strategy for something, you do that because that's what in your mind makes you feel safe and kind of calms a situation or de-escalates a situation that you're I mean again, like I'm not I'm not a professional.
31:19
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, sorry.
31:20
SPEAKER_01: Um but but I would I would say in in my experience and what I've what I've read and learnt and worked on is it is something that has previously been useful.
31:31
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
31:32
SPEAKER_01: So there is something about these habits that there is a use to it, which is either maybe avoiding a certain emotion that you don't you know you don't want to avoid, yeah, and or a distraction from an experience you don't want to feel, um a state you don't want to be in, like boredom, say.
31:50
SPEAKER_01: But then also there is like we are working against our environment.
31:54
SPEAKER_01: When you come to all of the sugary drinks and the rest of it, that's going to uh and this is this is where you the evolutionary programme comes in, is that when we would live in scarcity years ago, where we would need to pick the most available thing, short term when now we live in a world of abundance, but we're programmed to live in a world of scarcity.
32:18
SPEAKER_03: Yeah.
32:20
SPEAKER_01: Um so hyperbolic discounting is uh is when you value the present moment a lot over the future moment.
32:28
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
32:28
SPEAKER_01: So that uh nine the 9 pm cookie is really tempting, even though you know in your head that you uh want to stick to your plan.
32:40
SPEAKER_04: You should just have a glass of water and go to bed, props.
32:42
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, yeah, exactly.
32:44
SPEAKER_01: And this and again, this like mindfulness gap, this awareness in the moment can solve a lot of problems.
32:49
SPEAKER_04: I think that's it.
32:50
SPEAKER_04: I think sometimes, but also I feel like sometimes people will, in that kind of situation, you can either kind of use energy to like what's the word, like reason with yourself on why you're doing that or you'll just or you can like like kind of make up an excuse for for yourself why you're doing that.
33:15
SPEAKER_04: So it's important to kind of be, I guess, be aware of that as well, right?
33:19
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and I think you need to move with the biases that if you agree with these, if these, if these make sense in your lived experience, you could design you could design a way to cultivate awareness so that you can go against them and understand where they come about.
33:36
SPEAKER_01: Because they they guide you, but they're not you know, they're not gonna they're not determinant of exactly how you're gonna live the whole time.
33:43
SPEAKER_01: Another thing is understanding it and then making use of it, so actually moving with it.
33:47
SPEAKER_01: So with this hyperbolic discounting and understanding that a something that is closer to you is more important than something that is further away, then instead of having a six-week or 12-week goal, you can bring these goals closer to you.
34:03
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, so you can have an immediate reward for you deciding to not do a bad behaviour.
34:08
SPEAKER_01: So in that moment, you can you can reward yourself by not eating in some in some way.
34:16
SPEAKER_01: Um and you know, let's say rewarding yourself by bringing the uh the time that you weigh yourself on the scales closer and say, Well, I've got a weigh in tomorrow morning, yeah.
34:29
SPEAKER_01: I'm not gonna eat it tonight because I've got that immediate punishment or reward that's coming tomorrow, that kind of judgment day.
34:35
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
34:36
SPEAKER_01: So working with the biases as well, like it's not all about kind of resisting them, it's understanding that this might be the automatic programming at some points.
34:50
SPEAKER_01: And if you can design your environment so that you can make the most of them, then like spot on.
34:55
SPEAKER_01: Uh something that is relevant with the um the present bias or what we call hyperbolic discounting is restraint bias, and that is where we overestimate our willpower at nine o'clock in the evening.
35:10
SPEAKER_01: So we'll say, Well, I'm gonna keep it in the house, I'll just be able to resist it.
35:13
SPEAKER_01: Bag of cookies, bag of five cookies, and what we don't understand is that biologically as well, is our willpower goes down towards the end of the day with our energy levels.
35:24
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, more tired you are, more tired you are, the more uh you're gonna succumb to temptations.
35:32
SPEAKER_01: And again, this is like memory limits.
35:34
SPEAKER_01: This is if we have inspiration in the moment, we're like, I'm gonna do everything, I'm gonna fix everything.
35:39
SPEAKER_01: And you're like, Well, yeah, I can definitely, I can definitely do that when it comes Friday evening.
35:44
SPEAKER_01: You know, when you've got that willpower, but that is fleeting and it is in the moment.
35:48
SPEAKER_01: Can you remind yourself when it comes to it of your goals and bring everything, bring everything as much as you can closer to you?
35:56
SPEAKER_01: Master up the yeah.
35:57
SPEAKER_01: And that and that applies to conversations that you have with people as well.
36:00
SPEAKER_01: The more conversations you have with people, the more that you're gonna um remind yourself of your of your goals.
36:05
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
36:06
SPEAKER_01: Uh one that's really relevant.
36:09
SPEAKER_01: Oh, first of all, any anything on that that you find interesting.
36:15
SPEAKER_01: I'm aware that you got a coach in a set.
36:18
SPEAKER_04: Uh no, it's just it's just oh, it's nice to kind of have a like kind of put a name to these ex like these put a pound in the jar for every time but like to put like a name to what I have experienced mentally.
36:42
SPEAKER_04: Um and that there are kind of different explanations to them instead of just being like, oh I just need to like why do I just always hop onto that, like make that decision?
36:50
SPEAKER_04: Oh, I'm so impulsive.
36:52
SPEAKER_04: Okay, actually maybe this is because people of X, Y, and Z.
36:55
SPEAKER_04: Does that make sense?
36:56
SPEAKER_01: Absolutely.
36:57
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
36:58
SPEAKER_01: It's almost like you've uh read the next one and you know exactly what it is, which is the spotlight effect.
37:05
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
37:07
SPEAKER_01: Spotlight effect.
37:08
SPEAKER_01: Do you know what that is?
37:09
SPEAKER_03: Spotlight effect is uh Is that the kind of thing where you're worried about it it kind of all looking a certain way or kind of like ever the d like oh my god, I can't how why why why why why why why can I not get my words out today?
37:34
SPEAKER_04: Um what I kind of was saying earlier was like say someone wants to join a gym and they get scared of going to a certain gym because they think that everybody's gonna be looking at them and that attention's gonna be all on that specific thing when actually that's not the case.
37:52
SPEAKER_04: Yeah.
37:53
SPEAKER_01: That's that is exactly what it is.
37:54
SPEAKER_01: Okay, there we go.
37:55
SPEAKER_01: Um overestimating how much anyone notices you, your form, your body, or your actions.
38:03
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, it is constantly thinking that as you walk into a room the spotlight is on you.
38:08
SPEAKER_01: On you, yeah.
38:09
SPEAKER_01: And I think the there's a bit of nuance to this, which is that at the same time, no one cares about what you're doing.
38:18
SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and people do care about what you're doing.
38:20
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, there are people who will.
38:22
SPEAKER_01: The people that matter care about what you're doing, yeah, but for the majority, people are more focused on themselves, and that is their experience because everyone is experiencing the spotlight effect.
38:31
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, I was about to say, Yeah, that's gonna say they're focused on themselves because they think that everybody else is looking at them, so they're worrying about that whilst you're worrying about the same thing, and then that means that you know actually neither is happening.
38:45
SPEAKER_01: And again, you can draw this back to a an availability bias, which is that we have a lot more information available about our own experience than we do other people's, and there is also from an evolutionary lens, a group rejection kind of threat, which is that we want to be self-aware because we don't want to get rejected by the group, yeah.
39:08
SPEAKER_01: Um, and it's more of a protection mechanism.
39:11
SPEAKER_04: Did you just say that?
39:12
SPEAKER_04: Yeah, it's good.
39:14
SPEAKER_01: I think that's it's still very relevant though, in today's in today's world.
39:18
SPEAKER_04: You can even think of it just like in a school setting, if we're talking about kind of early doors, like kids won't do something because they think that they'll lose friends over or they think people are gonna judge them.
39:30
SPEAKER_04: But I do think there's an element of that trailing off what I just said.
39:34
SPEAKER_04: Like as you get older, you start to have that a little bit less and experience that a little less and care a little bit less about that kind of thing.
39:40
SPEAKER_04: I mean, personally I do.
39:42
SPEAKER_04: But maybe that comes with you your I'm gonna say experience again.
39:49
SPEAKER_04: Your experience with stuff.
39:51
SPEAKER_04: For example, me going to the gym thinking that when I was younger, worrying about everyone thinks about me, and I literally was having a consultation call the other day to another client and saying like they're going, Oh my gosh, but like I just feel like everybody's gonna be looking at me.
40:04
SPEAKER_04: Um and I said, I promise you, like you they're not, and A, like A, they're not, and B, I'll help you because I've gone through this process and now I don't really care.
40:14
SPEAKER_04: So like you do just have to kind of go through these a little bit, I think.
40:19
SPEAKER_04: But yeah, as a kid I remember I cared about it.
40:22
SPEAKER_04: I still do to an extent.
40:23
SPEAKER_04: I'm sure I think just everybody does, right?
40:26
SPEAKER_04: But yeah, you just kind of learn over time not to not to have these thoughts.
40:30
SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
40:31
SPEAKER_01: As you expose yourself to more information, more reps, more times at the gym, there is more likely you're gonna have something which is gonna go against your previous experience.
40:40
SPEAKER_01: Exactly.
40:41
SPEAKER_01: And so Charlotte, you now have to go and coach.
40:44
SPEAKER_04: I have to leave, I'm so sorry, guys.
40:46
SPEAKER_01: So I'm going to continue uh talking about a couple of more couple more of these biases.
40:54
SPEAKER_01: Um the spotlight effect, I think, in terms of how we can how we can make the most of it is again it's through awareness and paying attention, um, shifting our perspective.
41:10
SPEAKER_01: Empathy is a big one for this, because putting yourself in someone else's shoes and their experience of things can offset that that over significance that you have on your on your own experience, um, also by just having a look round and in your an understanding that because a lot of us have to a certain extent this spotlight effect is if everyone is having it, then who is paying attention to other people?
41:47
SPEAKER_01: Where is the balance of the attention focused and it's on ourselves by ourselves?
41:53
SPEAKER_01: And so that from a rational perspective, is like you can't have everyone looking at you because they're all paying attention to what they're doing.
42:01
SPEAKER_01: But I think it is the law of large numbers where the more that you turn up to a situation, the more that you're exposed to it, the more reps that you put in, in whatever sense, um, even just hours and interactions and conversations, asking someone else what their experience is, uh being open to being wrong about your current views and allowing the experience to shape you is the right way to go about it.
42:31
SPEAKER_01: Um so acceptance of change is is huge with it.
42:34
SPEAKER_01: The next one that I have written down here is the sunk cost fallacy.
42:41
SPEAKER_01: I think this is probably one of the biggest things in terms of health and fitness and decision making that keeps us stuck.
42:51
SPEAKER_01: And the sunk cost fallacy, the sunk cost effect, is where we continue a behavior or a project because we've already invested money, time or effort into it, even when stopping is the logical choice.
43:06
SPEAKER_01: Um the quick, not necessarily quick, but the simple solution, if we want to get down to the root of it, is can you exercise your ability to let go of the past and only deal with the facts and the information in the present as best as you can to determine your uh to determine your decisions?
43:30
SPEAKER_01: Something which is more tangible, something which is the day-to-day, maybe not day-to-day for me, but something which is a little bit more relevant, is uh the sunk cost.
43:40
SPEAKER_01: If you go out and you buy some snacks, if you buy some crisps, you buy some sweets, you buy some chocolate, some cookies, whatever you want, and you bring them home and you've overbought, and so you want to, and let's say that you have made a decision to yourself not to have snacks in the house because you understand the restraint by.
44:00
SPEAKER_01: Bias and you are trying to create your default setting in your life being something which is questioning your choices and making your environment as conducive to success as possible.
44:15
SPEAKER_01: If you've overbought on let's say I've gone and bought a pack of cookies, and I've done this before, and you might judge me for it, um, but I have got a bag of five cookies.
44:28
SPEAKER_01: I've gone and eaten two of them.
44:31
SPEAKER_01: Now I have three left, but I kind of made a rule to myself not to impulse by, but I I gave in to the temptation, I've gone and bought it.
44:39
SPEAKER_01: I now have at home, after my post-eating clarity, I have sat at home and I'm like, well, now I've got three cookies in the house.
44:48
SPEAKER_01: I'm not hungry now, but I might be hungry later or even like in an hour's time.
44:53
SPEAKER_01: But I know at the moment I'm like, I I don't do that.
44:56
SPEAKER_01: I've had this clarity, I'm like, I'm dedicated to my goals, I want to want to kind of cut my cut my losses.
45:02
SPEAKER_01: The thing that I actually do is, and this is against our idea of like wasting things, is I will throw them in the bin, I'll crumble them up and I'll throw them in the bin.
45:13
SPEAKER_01: So I can't access like access them because what's actually happened is a sunk cost fallacy, is I'm not getting any money back from those cookies, I'm not going to return them.
45:24
SPEAKER_01: Uh and I've already bought them.
45:26
SPEAKER_01: Now, this is like let's say me living like on my own, having no one to share them with.
45:31
SPEAKER_01: I could share them with someone else, and I've also done that as well.
45:33
SPEAKER_01: I'm more likely to share something because I know that I shouldn't have it, and it's kind of a motivation to share more things in a weird way, but that is the fear of the fear of waste, and it's also that loss aversion, so you don't want to lose things, and you're trying to avoid that.
45:50
SPEAKER_01: So the sunk cost on a small scale is if you've invested a certain amount of time into a a course or a uh a juice cleanse or some sort of meal prep that isn't your goals have changed and you shouldn't be doing it anymore, and the logical decision is to change tact, then you've got to see and ask yourself has this cost been sunk?
46:18
SPEAKER_01: Uh has it has it run its course, and am I just continuing this for the sake of it because I've invested time into it before?
46:27
SPEAKER_01: So that's a sunk cost fallacy.
46:29
SPEAKER_01: It's the same with on a larger scale in terms of behaviour change.
46:34
SPEAKER_01: If you've um decided if you are the type of person that is not a gym person for years and for decades, you potentially might have built up a an identity around uh not being a gym person, it's gonna take quite a lot because you've invested a lot of emotion, identity into into that idea, and so to then decide to go to the gym is gonna require a lot of letting go of that previous identity.
47:01
SPEAKER_01: And I think I brought it up in a previous previous episode of the podcast when we were talking about changing your mind, rewiring your brain in the idea of and the concept of neuroplasticity, is simply and I've kind of said it a a couple minutes ago, is if you can cultivate the act of letting go of first of all thoughts, of sitting in emotions, and letting go then of the past, you can have more clarity in the decisions that you make in the present.
47:36
SPEAKER_01: So that is sunk costs fallacy, and I believe that should be your nine nine psychological biases which influence your training and growth.
47:48
SPEAKER_01: So we had availability bias, which is if something can be recalled quickly, it must be the most important.
47:55
SPEAKER_01: The anchoring bias, which is when you rely too heavily on the first piece of information you receive.
48:00
SPEAKER_01: The status quo bias, where it's we revert back to our default settings.
48:05
SPEAKER_01: This comes along with loss aversion, which is the emotional pain of a potential loss, feels much heavier than the pleasure of an equal gain.
48:13
SPEAKER_01: Coupled into that is regret avoidance, which is where we decide not to act.
48:22
SPEAKER_01: We decide not to go against the status quo because uh we don't want to regret what we perceive as an action when inaction is still a decision, and we have that action bias on top of that, which is more about the default settings rather than action and inaction, which is where let's say a goalkeeper would jump to the left or right when statistically they're better off staying still.
48:45
SPEAKER_01: Obviously, taking into consideration like the footballers' previous attempts and probability and the rest of it, but on the whole, that is what the research says.
48:56
SPEAKER_01: Um present bias or hyperbolic discounting, which is where there's instant gratification.
49:01
SPEAKER_01: We re we value our current situation over our future situation, and we will only really change when the pain of staying the same outweighs the pain of changing.
49:12
SPEAKER_01: The way that we can overcome this and make the most of it is first of all establishing a relationship between our different selves by cultivating awareness and reminding ourselves of our priorities and the direction that we want our lives to go in.
49:27
SPEAKER_01: If we can see um our how our actions in our present can have consequences on our future selves, if we are making things better or worse for us, then we can make decisions being like, what would tomorrow me want today me to do?
49:46
SPEAKER_01: And we can also shrink the delay between action and reward, so establishing more measures of success to bring that reward closer to you so that you're not discounting too much and you're not uh overvaluing the current present emotion.
50:02
SPEAKER_01: Um, there's also then restraint bias, which is where we overestimate our willpower in the future, and that's really important, where we create an environment that is designed around our worst days and are when our temptation um is at risk of coming out, and this is because memory limits our capacity to um state change and to see ourselves at different times.
50:29
SPEAKER_01: Uh, there is then the spotlight effect, which is overestimating how much anyone notices your form, body, or actions.
50:35
SPEAKER_01: Uh, of course, it's because we have much more access to our own experience, and there is the evolutionary lens of uh group rejection was a lot more uh risky and a lot more detrimental to our survival than group rejection is now.
50:52
SPEAKER_01: And then there is the sunk cost fallacy, so continuing a behaviour or project because you've already invested money, time, or effort into it, even when stopping is the logical choice, and that is pinned down by loss aversion and then fear of waste as well.
51:09
SPEAKER_01: Hopefully, this has been a nice and informative podcast for you to listen to.
51:15
SPEAKER_01: Let us know if these things are um interesting to you and you want something similar, or going into more of the mindset and understanding our psychology a bit more.
51:23
SPEAKER_01: Again, I am no expert in this field, but I would say that I have expertise.
51:30
SPEAKER_01: Um I've researched a lot of it, I've also lived a lot of it and been aware of a lot of it in my own life and seen um in others that I have coached and um and the like.
51:43
SPEAKER_01: So thank you for listening.
51:46
SPEAKER_01: Um, I would encourage you to just have a look at that um book by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Taversky, Thinking Fast and Slow, or just have a little Google of psychological biases and how they can impact how we perceive our day to day lives and decisions.
52:01
SPEAKER_01: Um, so thank you for listening.
52:02
SPEAKER_01: Let us know what you would like to see next, and have a great rest of your day.