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Marxism

Smoke billowed from the new factories of nineteenth-century Europe, and with it, the familiar world began to dissolve. Old rhythms and inherited rules were torn apart as cities swelled, railways crisscrossed the landscape, and work itself was transformed into something hard, fast, and strange.Beneath all this change, a new and unsettling question grew louder: Why did a society capable of such wealth deliver so much insecurity and misery to so many? In the chaos of industrial Europe, answers were demanded—but most fell short. This is the world that gave rise to Marxism, a framework that set…

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