Latest / Dr Justin Coulson's Happy Families / #761 Game On... or Off? Are Video Games Really That Bad?
Transcript
- 0:03Speaker 1: It's the Happy Families podcast. It's the podcast for the
- 0:07Speaker 1: time poor parent who just wants answers. Now, Hello, and
- 0:11Speaker 1: welcome back to the Happy Family's podcast. This is doctor
- 0:13Speaker 1: Justin Coulson continuing our conversation from yesterday with Associate Professor
- 0:18Speaker 1: Katie Davis from the University of Washington Information School. If
- 0:22Speaker 1: you missed yesterday's conversation, please go back and have listened
- 0:25Speaker 1: to that before you listen to today's discussion, because what
- 0:29Speaker 1: today is a continuation of what we were talking about. Katie,
- 0:32Speaker 1: I'd like to kick off today's continued conversation by hitting
- 0:37Speaker 1: you with a lightning round straight up? Can we get
- 0:40Speaker 1: your brain going really fast?
- 0:42Speaker 2: Sure, let's do it.
- 0:43Speaker 1: So a lightning round one or two word or one
- 0:44Speaker 1: or two sentence answers. We're going to move really really quickly.
- 0:47Speaker 1: What was your favorite TV show when you were young?
- 0:51Speaker 2: Oh, I guess The Full House. That's deating me.
- 0:56Speaker 1: And I was about to say I used to watch
- 0:58Speaker 1: that too, which is terribly for me to date myself.
- 1:01Speaker 1: Do you ever not be the calm psychology mom, the
- 1:05Speaker 1: screen expert? Do you ever not be the calm mom
- 1:07Speaker 1: when it comes to you and your one son? Six?
- 1:09Speaker 1: Year old Oliver.
- 1:10Speaker 2: Oh, absolutely, So it's just Oliver and me at home
- 1:14Speaker 2: and so and I have a pretty demanding job, so
- 1:18Speaker 2: I am often extremely tired. And you know, sometimes I'm
- 1:23Speaker 2: trying as much as I can to make sure that
- 1:25Speaker 2: he's engaging with technology and all the ways that I
- 1:28Speaker 2: know are supportive of his development. But sometimes I'm exhausted,
- 1:32Speaker 2: or sometimes he's exhausted, and it's just okay to sit
- 1:35Speaker 2: in front of the TV and veg out a little bit,
- 1:38Speaker 2: especially when one or both of us is sick. Then
- 1:42Speaker 2: all bets are off and screen time is unlimited.
- 1:47Speaker 1: Even though he is the son of an associate professor
- 1:50Speaker 1: of psychology who knows this stuff inside and out and
- 1:52Speaker 1: has written the book, does he ever just lose and say,
- 1:55Speaker 1: but I just want my screen I don't care about
- 1:56Speaker 1: the psychological theory.
- 1:58Speaker 2: Yeah, it's really funny. How's he doesn't seem to really
- 2:01Speaker 2: believe that I know what I'm talking about when I say,
- 2:04Speaker 2: you know, it's time to turn it off? Or especially
- 2:07Speaker 2: what he really hates is when he complains that he's
- 2:10Speaker 2: bored and I say, you know what, boredom is great,
- 2:13Speaker 2: that's the way you develop your ability to regulate your
- 2:16Speaker 2: emotions and figure out what you're going to do next,
- 2:18Speaker 2: You're going to You're developing all sorts of resilience that way,
- 2:20Speaker 2: and he's very unimpressed by that.
- 2:23Speaker 1: I can imagine, what is the biggest screen challenge that
- 2:26Speaker 1: you have as an expert in technology use across the lifespan?
- 2:30Speaker 2: Right now, with my six year old, it's pretty much time.
- 2:35Speaker 2: I think he's really obsessed with Pokemon right now, and
- 2:39Speaker 2: all of his friends are equally obsessed. And I allow
- 2:44Speaker 2: him to watch two Pokemon episodes a day, and he
- 2:49Speaker 2: really struggles to get me to increase that as much
- 2:53Speaker 2: as possible. And this is every day, so even though
- 2:56Speaker 2: I don't budge on it every day, it's a bit
- 2:59Speaker 2: of a fight and it can get exhausting. But we
- 3:03Speaker 2: have a role in the house where he can watch
- 3:05Speaker 2: two Pokemon and then he watches two programs in German
- 3:10Speaker 2: because we just moved back from living for four years
- 3:13Speaker 2: in Germany and I want him to keep up his
- 3:16Speaker 2: German speaking, so he has to divide his screen time
- 3:20Speaker 2: between English and German.
- 3:22Speaker 1: We have a nine year old daughter who is excessively
- 3:25Speaker 1: engaged with screens and especially Pokemon, and we've ended up
- 3:30Speaker 1: we've actually set the parental lock on the television so
- 3:33Speaker 1: it switches off after an hour, because otherwise just it's
- 3:37Speaker 1: amazing when we step in and say that's enough, it's
- 3:40Speaker 1: time to switch it off, or end of the episode,
- 3:42Speaker 1: you've got eight minutes to go. We have these huge tantrums.
- 3:45Speaker 1: But when the TV switches itself off because the screen
- 3:48Speaker 1: time is up, she just sort of gets up off
- 3:51Speaker 1: a couch.
- 3:52Speaker 2: And oh, it's amazing. Yeah, no, it's incredible. Some of
- 3:56Speaker 2: my colleagues at the University of Washington wrote a paper
- 3:59Speaker 2: where they found that tantrums in the house substantially decrease
- 4:06Speaker 2: when Alexa intervenes. So instead of a parent saying it's
- 4:10Speaker 2: time to turn off the TV or turn off your tablet,
- 4:13Speaker 2: if Alexa says time is up or some other conversational agent,
- 4:19Speaker 2: then the kids all of a sudden say okay, Alexa says, so,
- 4:22Speaker 2: so I'll turn it off. It's really a little bit disconsidering.
- 4:26Speaker 1: Yeah, they intuitively know that Alexa is not going to budge,
- 4:28Speaker 1: whereas parents maut, that's right. I want to switch that
- 4:32Speaker 1: question up and now I'll ask you what's your biggest
- 4:34Speaker 1: screen challenge for you as an adult? As an expert
- 4:36Speaker 1: in the lifespan development and technology use.
- 4:40Speaker 2: Oh I'm so glad you asked that, because that's the thing.
- 4:43Speaker 2: Adults are struggling just as much as kids, and our
- 4:47Speaker 2: kids are seeing us struggle, and I think there's a
- 4:50Speaker 2: lot of opportunity there to own our struggles and not
- 4:54Speaker 2: just sort of, you know, become embarrassed and put them aside,
- 4:57Speaker 2: but lean into them and share these struggles with our kids.
- 5:01Speaker 2: So with me, I definitely struggle. You know, I'm a
- 5:05Speaker 2: bit of a workaholic, so I'm always checking my email
- 5:09Speaker 2: and I have this compulsion to respond to emails quite quickly,
- 5:15Speaker 2: and whether it's on my phone or my computer. And
- 5:18Speaker 2: Oliver certainly calls me on that if we're playing Pokemon,
- 5:21Speaker 2: which I admit I'm not always super engaged with, so
- 5:25Speaker 2: I find my eyes wandering to my phone a lot.
- 5:28Speaker 2: But when I do, I try to catch myself and
- 5:32Speaker 2: call attention and say, oh, you know what, Oliver, these
- 5:35Speaker 2: phones are designed to really hook us and it can
- 5:39Speaker 2: actually come develop into a good teachable moment, especially as
- 5:43Speaker 2: he gets older. So with a lot of my research
- 5:46Speaker 2: focuses on older tweens and teens, and as their thinking
- 5:50Speaker 2: gets more sophisticated, they're able to really understand, how you know,
- 5:55Speaker 2: if you talk to them about how these devices and
- 5:59Speaker 2: applications are specifically designed to hold our attention, that can
- 6:03Speaker 2: be a really fruitful conversation because then it's not all
- 6:07Speaker 2: on us. It's not just we are weak because we
- 6:10Speaker 2: are succumbing to these social media apps or the phone notifications,
- 6:16Speaker 2: but actually, you know what, they're designed specifically for that purpose.
- 6:19Speaker 2: So those kinds of conversations I really encourage parents to
- 6:23Speaker 2: engage their kids around.
- 6:25Speaker 1: I love everything that you've shared there about that. Thank
- 6:28Speaker 1: you for that offering. When I look at the impact
- 6:32Speaker 1: that technology has on our children, our adolescents, and even
- 6:37Speaker 1: on us, I think it's hard to make an argument
- 6:39Speaker 1: that the impact isn't becoming increasingly concerning over time as
- 6:44Speaker 1: technology becomes increasingly pervasive and integrated into our lives. I'd
- 6:49Speaker 1: like to spend the last part of our conversation talking
- 6:51Speaker 1: about two areas that this is particularly the case, mainly
- 6:54Speaker 1: for adolescents, although younger children are involved as well. Those
- 6:58Speaker 1: two areas are gaming and social media. So if I
- 7:03Speaker 1: can start with something, I am going to read you
- 7:05Speaker 1: to you for just a second. If I can from
- 7:07Speaker 1: your book Technology's Child, You've said interactivity, low cost of failure,
- 7:14Speaker 1: clear and immediate feedback, an optimal balance between challenge and frustration,
- 7:21Speaker 1: and social interaction. These are the things that video games
- 7:25Speaker 1: can offer children. When I read that, it reminded me
- 7:29Speaker 1: so much of everything that's in mind new book, The
- 7:31Speaker 1: Pairing Revolution about children and their basic psychological needs. That's
- 7:36Speaker 1: a really dense sentence that I read, with many many
- 7:39Speaker 1: parts to it. Can you explain from all of your
- 7:42Speaker 1: research what you're really seeing happen when kids are engaging
- 7:45Speaker 1: with games online and how that's affecting their psychology?
- 7:49Speaker 2: Right, So, all of those qualities that you just read out,
- 7:53Speaker 2: I was as you were reading them, I thought, oh,
- 7:55Speaker 2: I wish that school were more like that, you know, totally,
- 7:59Speaker 2: if only it were that engaging for kids, and unfortunately
- 8:02Speaker 2: it isn't. But one thing that games really get right,
- 8:07Speaker 2: and it's the reason why kids and adults keep playing
- 8:12Speaker 2: and playing, is that they're just a little bit hard,
- 8:16Speaker 2: a little bit too hard to be completely successful all
- 8:22Speaker 2: the time, but not so hard that you become so
- 8:25Speaker 2: frustrated that you abandon it. And often school is the
- 8:28Speaker 2: complete opposite. It's either too easy or it's way too hard,
- 8:31Speaker 2: and either one of those will disengage kids. But video
- 8:35Speaker 2: games hit that sweet spot of being just hard enough
- 8:39Speaker 2: but not too hard. They give very clear feedback. It
- 8:43Speaker 2: just all of the things that keep us engaged. Video
- 8:47Speaker 2: games have nailed and they just know how to do it,
- 8:50Speaker 2: and so for that reason, they're extremely compelling. Also for
- 8:55Speaker 2: that reason is why I'm really delaying the time when
- 8:58Speaker 2: I introduce my son to video games. Not because I'm
- 9:03Speaker 2: anti video game by any means. I think there's a
- 9:05Speaker 2: lot of great, great opportunities, learning opportunities. There are games
- 9:11Speaker 2: that support exercise, well being, all sorts of different kinds
- 9:14Speaker 2: of learning. Lots of research showing benefits of games. But however,
- 9:20Speaker 2: they are so compelling. I don't want to say addictive,
- 9:24Speaker 2: because you know, research is conflicted about whether or not
- 9:29Speaker 2: we can use that term.
- 9:30Speaker 1: Yes, just get pretty cranky about the term addiction.
- 9:33Speaker 2: Ba they do. That's a very polarizing word. But I
- 9:38Speaker 2: think it's pretty safe to say they're very compelling and
- 9:40Speaker 2: for some kids, for many kids, it's really difficult to
- 9:44Speaker 2: find a balance. And so for me, I'm just trying
- 9:48Speaker 2: to avoid it entirely until Oliver is a little bit older,
- 9:52Speaker 2: and then we're going to have to really do a
- 9:54Speaker 2: lot of hard work of trying to get that balance right.
- 9:57Speaker 2: And it's not something I believe that you can actually
- 10:01Speaker 2: achieve once and for all and say, okay, I am
- 10:03Speaker 2: now engaging with video games in a balanced way. It's
- 10:06Speaker 2: sort of a daily a daily act that you have
- 10:10Speaker 2: to engage in with your children because it's just too
- 10:14Speaker 2: easy to keep playing and playing and playing. And so yeah,
- 10:18Speaker 2: I think that there really is a danger sometimes to
- 10:23Speaker 2: let that balance get a little bit out of whack.
- 10:26Speaker 2: And so things to keep in mind are here. It
- 10:30Speaker 2: is really how long has my child been playing this game?
- 10:34Speaker 2: And what might they have been doing otherwise if they
- 10:37Speaker 2: hadn't been engaged with the game, Because sometimes it might
- 10:40Speaker 2: be that there actually wasn't so much great other alternatives
- 10:44Speaker 2: for them to do. Maybe they're on a plane and
- 10:46Speaker 2: there really isn't any opportunity, or maybe it's raining outside.
- 10:49Speaker 2: If you're noticing that there probably could have been some
- 10:52Speaker 2: other activities that might be good for them that they
- 10:56Speaker 2: could have been engaging, but instead they're just playing video
- 10:59Speaker 2: games over and over again, that's when we're starting to
- 11:02Speaker 2: think that maybe the balance needs to be recalibrated.
- 11:06Speaker 1: Yeah, it's that whole and balanced life kind of thing.
- 11:11Speaker 1: One of the things that frustrates me with video game
- 11:13Speaker 1: research is it doesn't say what I wanted to say,
- 11:17Speaker 1: Like I really want video game research to say too
- 11:20Speaker 1: much time gaming is bad for you and it lead
- 11:22Speaker 1: to all sorts of negative outcomes in your life. And
- 11:25Speaker 1: no matter how much of it I read it, it
- 11:28Speaker 1: doesn't know.
- 11:28Speaker 2: It doesn't say that.
- 11:29Speaker 1: It doesn't tell me that. It says that kids have
- 11:31Speaker 1: a great time, that they love it, that it's good
- 11:32Speaker 1: for their relationships, there's some cognitive benefit to it. Like
- 11:36Speaker 1: it's so frustrating that there's more advantages than the disadvantages
- 11:40Speaker 1: really stem from parent child conflicts, because parents want their
- 11:43Speaker 1: kids to go and live a whole and balanced life.
- 11:46Speaker 1: And even the violent.
- 11:47Speaker 2: Video game content, yeah, a lot of it does come
- 11:50Speaker 2: from that parent child conflict. A lot of it also
- 11:53Speaker 2: does come from you know, there are young people and
- 11:57Speaker 2: adults for whom if they're playing so so much, they're engaged,
- 12:03Speaker 2: you know, in video games for most of their day
- 12:06Speaker 2: or in a big part of their night, if it's
- 12:09Speaker 2: starting to interfere with sleep, if it's starting to interfere
- 12:12Speaker 2: with school, work or social relationships outside of the game.
- 12:18Speaker 2: That's when alarm bell should be going off, and there
- 12:21Speaker 2: are certainly instances of that, but on the whole, you're right,
- 12:25Speaker 2: a lot of the research does show small but positive effects.
- 12:29Speaker 2: And then when it comes to violent video games, you know,
- 12:32Speaker 2: there's a camp of researchers who are pretty adamant that
- 12:36Speaker 2: there's a relationship between violent video games and aggression, and
- 12:40Speaker 2: then there's another camp that's pretty adamant that there isn't.
- 12:44Speaker 2: I think that there's very little evidence that convinces me
- 12:49Speaker 2: that playing violent video games causes kids to become violent.
- 12:54Speaker 2: There is research showing that perhaps right after a child
- 12:58Speaker 2: plays a violent video game, they're more aroused and perhaps
- 13:03Speaker 2: acting in a slightly more aggressive way. That doesn't necessarily
- 13:06Speaker 2: mean they become more aggressive, but they certainly are more aroused.
- 13:11Speaker 2: But you know, that's a far cry from actually being violent.
- 13:15Speaker 2: And so yeah, the research is a little bit murky,
- 13:19Speaker 2: and I think it you know, again, we should come
- 13:22Speaker 2: back to how is this affecting my individual child? And
- 13:26Speaker 2: here again I use this two step decision tool to
- 13:30Speaker 2: think about is this self directed? Are they in control
- 13:33Speaker 2: or is the game more in control? And that's where
- 13:37Speaker 2: that question can really help tease apart. Is this something
- 13:41Speaker 2: that where it's more likely to go in the direction
- 13:44Speaker 2: of the research that shows positive benefits or more likely
- 13:47Speaker 2: to go in the direction of the research showing negative
- 13:50Speaker 2: And then the second question is is it community supported?
- 13:53Speaker 2: Am I providing support around this experience? Are they engaging
- 13:58Speaker 2: with friends while playing games or family members? You know,
- 14:02Speaker 2: there's a lot of opportunity for community support during video games,
- 14:05Speaker 2: but then there's also an opportunity for bullying and other things.
- 14:09Speaker 2: So you want to take a look at what are
- 14:12Speaker 2: the social dynamics that are going on during the scheme
- 14:15Speaker 2: play those are that's can be really important.
- 14:18Speaker 1: Sometimes it would be great if research just said what
- 14:20Speaker 1: we wanted to say. That's I know, I'm really compelled
- 14:24Speaker 1: by what you've said, though I'm reading it the same way.
- 14:28Speaker 1: Even things like empathy. There's some really cool studies that
- 14:31Speaker 1: show that when somebody walks out of playing a violent
- 14:33Speaker 1: video game, they may be a little less likely to
- 14:35Speaker 1: help somebody in the corridor that needs to a hand
- 14:38Speaker 1: with something. But it's not like they go out and
- 14:40Speaker 1: start beating people up, or go and buy small arms
- 14:44Speaker 1: and threaten people. Rob a bankbsolutely there's no which is
- 14:47Speaker 1: kind of frustrating. Although I will say when I was
- 14:49Speaker 1: a teenager, I've got to I've got to say this, Katie.
- 14:51Speaker 1: When I was a teenager, race to play this car
- 14:53Speaker 1: racing game at the local arcade called I think it
- 14:55Speaker 1: was called Daytona five hundred or something like that, and
- 14:58Speaker 1: I would leave the arcade and get in my car,
- 15:01Speaker 1: and I did drive a little faster on the way
- 15:04Speaker 1: home from the arcade as I was driving.
- 15:06Speaker 2: Sure, sure, yeah, research definitely would support that. But whether
- 15:09Speaker 2: that turns you into just someone who's always racing fast
- 15:14Speaker 2: in your car, that's less supported.
- 15:17Speaker 1: Yeah, totally. And I would have to say I was
- 15:20Speaker 1: erratic for the first few minutes and then I sort
- 15:22Speaker 1: of calmed down and I was driving a human again.
- 15:25Speaker 1: And I was a young adolescent boy, which probably had
- 15:27Speaker 1: something to do with it as well, Katie. The last
- 15:28Speaker 1: thing that I just want to touch on, and we
- 15:30Speaker 1: have such limited time, is social media. I've been really
- 15:34Speaker 1: taken by the research that Jonathan Hate has been doing.
- 15:37Speaker 1: For those who are not familiar Jonathan Hate, he's probably
- 15:39Speaker 1: one of the world's foremost thinkers in social psychology, and
- 15:42Speaker 1: he has been working with gene twin gey on some
- 15:46Speaker 1: really interesting ideas around kids, teenagers social media. He's got
- 15:51Speaker 1: a substack called after Babel, Katie. Have you been watching
- 15:54Speaker 1: what Jonathan Hate has been writing there, and I'd love
- 15:57Speaker 1: to get your take on the impact of social media
- 16:00Speaker 1: and whether or not, as he's saying, your rate of
- 16:03Speaker 1: the research is showing that it is a genuine, significant
- 16:07Speaker 1: contributed to the mental ill health that so many of
- 16:11Speaker 1: adolescents are struggling with.
- 16:13Speaker 2: Yeah. Well, so, I have to say I have been
- 16:16Speaker 2: following Jonathan's work and gene twiness work, and they are
- 16:21Speaker 2: doing a great job. They have this ongoing document where
- 16:24Speaker 2: they're collecting all the research related to teen social media
- 16:28Speaker 2: use and their mental health concerns. And I'm convinced by
- 16:31Speaker 2: that research and my own research that there's definitely something
- 16:35Speaker 2: going on when it comes to teen social media use
- 16:39Speaker 2: and their mental health challenges. It's by no means the
- 16:43Speaker 2: sole cause. Whenever you have a mental health challenge or concern,
- 16:48Speaker 2: it's multifactorial. There are many factors involved, family relationships, pure relationships,
- 16:55Speaker 2: and existing vulnerability towards anxiety or depression. But what I
- 16:59Speaker 2: see in my mind work is that social media often
- 17:02Speaker 2: acts as an amplifier of existing challenges or struggles for teens,
- 17:07Speaker 2: and it can be a pretty profound amplifier. And so
- 17:11Speaker 2: I'm pretty convinced now that you know, at least in
- 17:14Speaker 2: the United States, where we're seeing some pretty alarming rises
- 17:18Speaker 2: over the last ten years in depression and even just
- 17:23Speaker 2: persistent feelings of sadness, particularly among teen girls in LGBTQ
- 17:28Speaker 2: plus youth, I am convinced that social media is having
- 17:33Speaker 2: a role in that, in addition to many factors that
- 17:37Speaker 2: are involved in young people's lives right now, not least
- 17:41Speaker 2: of which was the pandemic and the you know, young
- 17:44Speaker 2: people are still experiencing the pandemic and what you know,
- 17:49Speaker 2: the things that have transpired from it.
- 17:52Speaker 1: Yep, Katie, we have during the course of our conversation
- 17:55Speaker 1: over the last two days, dropped several nuggets in terms
- 17:58Speaker 1: of how we can help out children to feel like
- 18:00Speaker 1: they have agency, to be self directed, to have the
- 18:03Speaker 1: level of community support that they need, and how we
- 18:05Speaker 1: as parents can engage with them and have hard conversations,
- 18:09Speaker 1: as you said, in that exhausting day to day business
- 18:13Speaker 1: of working with kids and their technology use. As much
- 18:17Speaker 1: as I'd love to do another two episodes talking further
- 18:19Speaker 1: about those solutions. What I'm going to do instead is
- 18:22Speaker 1: direct people to your book, Technologies Child Digital Media's Role
- 18:25Speaker 1: in the Ages and Stages of Growing Up. It's a
- 18:28Speaker 1: book that takes a developmental approach and essentially says, here's
- 18:34Speaker 1: what's going on in kids a little, when they're medium,
- 18:35Speaker 1: and when they're big, and even when they're grown ups
- 18:38Speaker 1: in terms of their technology use and what we can
- 18:40Speaker 1: do to help them. I found the book immensely helpful,
- 18:43Speaker 1: as somebody who has a background in psychology and has
- 18:45Speaker 1: been talking about this for a long time. I underlined
- 18:48Speaker 1: and made so many notes on what you've written. The
- 18:52Speaker 1: science is fantastic, and I just love the way you've
- 18:54Speaker 1: made it so accessible for parents. Thank you for your book,
- 18:56Speaker 1: and thanks for the conversation.
- 18:58Speaker 2: Well, thank you so much. I really enjoyed it.
- 19:00Speaker 1: Katie Davis is an associate professor at the University of
- 19:03Speaker 1: Washington Information School and the author of the brand new book,
- 19:06Speaker 1: Technologies Child Digital Media's Role in the Ages and Stages
- 19:11Speaker 1: of Growing Up. The Happy Family's podcast is produced by
- 19:14Speaker 1: Justin Roland from Bridge Media. Craig Bruce is our executive producer.
- 19:17Speaker 1: For more information about Technology's Child. You can see the
- 19:20Speaker 1: show notes and also check out Katie's website katidavisresearch dot com.
- 19:25Speaker 1: If you go there and sign up for Katie's newsletter,
- 19:27Speaker 1: she'll be able to send you a weekly tidbit of
- 19:31Speaker 1: research and ideas for how you can manage to tech
- 19:33Speaker 1: better in your home with your kids. That's katidavisresearch dot com.
- 19:38Speaker 1: Sign up for the newsletter there