Latest / At the Learning of Irish / Adjectives and Describing Things

Transcript

Adjectives and Describing Things · At the Learning of Irish

• 0:08
  SPEAKER_00: Giawet Ahara Konasatato inov Ta Misha Kirtkalor Hello friend, how are you?
• 0:19
  SPEAKER_00: I myself am alright Tasulam Gwiltu Rei I hope that you're ready to learn about adjectives Konaskursyainov how to describe things firstly for those of you who have only learned English or who have learned maybe another Germanic language, this is quite different, but for those of you who have learned say French, you will be familiar with it, and that is that adjectives will come after the noun they are describing, usually.
• 0:57
  SPEAKER_00: With any language there are going to be exceptions.
• 1:00
  SPEAKER_00: One exception in Irish is old chain, and that will come before the noun.
• 1:08
  SPEAKER_00: Secondly, adjectives must agree with their nouns.
• 1:14
  SPEAKER_00: Now what that means is that the gender or if the noun is plural, is going to affect how the adjective looks.
• 1:24
  SPEAKER_00: So with plurals and feminine nouns, they are going to affect their adjectives and cause those adjectives to change.
• 1:35
  SPEAKER_00: The feminine adjectives will get a shavu if they can.
• 1:44
  SPEAKER_00: Now the plural adjective will get an A or an E at the end.
• 1:52
  SPEAKER_00: Whether they get an A or E at the end has to do with remember, Lahan La Lachen is Quail La Quail, broad with broad and slender with slender.
• 2:04
  SPEAKER_00: And so if the last vowel in the word is broad, you're going to add an A to the end of the word.
• 2:12
  SPEAKER_00: Whereas if the last vowel in the word is slender, then you will add the slender ending.
• 2:20
  SPEAKER_00: And when I say of the word, I mean of the adjective.
• 2:25
  SPEAKER_00: And the third thing I'm going to mention is that the prefix me plus a shavu is the inverse.
• 2:35
  SPEAKER_00: Think of it as saying un in English, like just and unjust.
• 2:42
  SPEAKER_00: In Irish that's how me works.
• 2:45
  SPEAKER_00: So for example, compordoch means comfortable and mi chumporh means uncomfortable.
• 2:54
  SPEAKER_00: Kirt means right, and meart means incorrect or you know unright.
• 3:02
  SPEAKER_00: Now this is not going to work for every opposite just like it doesn't work in English, like ugly isn't unbeautiful, it's a whole different word.
• 3:14
  SPEAKER_00: Irish is the same way.
• 3:15
  SPEAKER_00: And we're going to be going through some of those opposites in a little bit here.
• 3:20
  SPEAKER_00: Now one way we can use these adjectives is with the simple B verb that we already learned.
• 3:29
  SPEAKER_00: In explaining the use of the copula, which is another form of B that you've actually been introduced to, but we haven't gone into depth, and the other simple ta is that ta is often used with adjectives, whereas the copula is used with nouns.
• 3:47
  SPEAKER_00: And so we can say things like tall me canalta, I am kind.
• 3:54
  SPEAKER_00: We can also use to here in combination with some of those prepositional pronouns that we learned about.
• 4:03
  SPEAKER_00: For example, ta sille guruma agam.
• 4:08
  SPEAKER_00: That means there are blue eyes at me.
• 4:11
  SPEAKER_00: I have blue eyes.
• 4:13
  SPEAKER_00: Now, and here is an interesting part of Irish.
• 4:17
  SPEAKER_00: You may be tempted to say ta grugn agam, which would be I have brown hair, but unfortunately that's not true.
• 4:26
  SPEAKER_00: Hair is not at us, hair is on us in Irish, and that's just something you'll have to learn.
• 4:33
  SPEAKER_00: I've heard it once said that pieces of you that are internal will be at you, ag you, and pieces that aren't will be on you, like hair.
• 4:42
  SPEAKER_00: So if we're gonna talk about hair color, we have to say it is on us.
• 4:46
  SPEAKER_00: Ta gruig run orm.
• 4:49
  SPEAKER_00: And you can see there that the word gruig hair is feminine, and so what I've done is add a shavu on the D for brown that follows it.
• 4:59
  SPEAKER_00: Gruig run ta gruig run orum.
• 5:04
  SPEAKER_00: And just to add to the interesting complexity of another language, in Irish typically colours are on things.
• 5:13
  SPEAKER_00: So while you have to say ta sille gurma agam, I have blue eyes, you could say ta gurum er machila, there is blue on my eyes.
• 5:25
  SPEAKER_00: Or you could say ta dov er mahruig, there is black on my hair.
• 5:32
  SPEAKER_00: Spreel fun, isn't it?
• 5:34
  SPEAKER_00: But I think it reveals the flexibility of the language, and how you can say many things in different ways, depending on how you want to say it, or even how the word sounds to your ears.
• 5:46
  SPEAKER_00: It allows a freedom of expression that we don't have in English, because we don't have cases, and because we don't have declensions or genders of nouns, our word order is very fixed in the sentence, which kind of traps you in a linguistic box.
• 6:05
  SPEAKER_00: Whereas Irish is more open.
• 6:07
  SPEAKER_00: I think that's probably a better way to look at it that will help you in your learning, rather than thinking, wow this is weird and hard.
• 6:15
  SPEAKER_00: Just think, wow the freedom I have with this language Arenus Anyway, so here are some adjectives.
• 6:24
  SPEAKER_00: First, as promised, we are going to be going through some opposites.
• 6:30
  SPEAKER_00: Salak is dirty, whereas glon is clean.
• 6:37
  SPEAKER_00: Ard is tall, and Ishel is short.
• 6:42
  SPEAKER_00: Beg is small, and mu is big.
• 6:48
  SPEAKER_00: Rower means fat, where toni means thin.
• 6:54
  SPEAKER_00: Shena Senta means old fashioned, whereas Nu Amsha means modern.
• 7:03
  SPEAKER_00: Deer is expensive, and you will actually hear people say that in Hiberno English, Hiberno English is the form of English spoken in Ireland, coming from the Roman word for Ireland, which was basically the land of eternal winter because it's so cold.
• 7:21
  SPEAKER_00: Anyway, uh moving on.
• 7:24
  SPEAKER_00: Whereas seer is not expensive, so deer is expensive, seer is not expensive, can also mean free.
• 7:33
  SPEAKER_00: And Kaurach is helpful.
• 7:38
  SPEAKER_00: Theishtenach is disgusting, Bonusach is basic.
• 7:44
  SPEAKER_00: Kluher is cozy, Lov is bland, and if something is extremely boring, you can say it's Lov Ladranach.
• 7:56
  SPEAKER_00: Ladranach is boring Glorwar is noisy or Glorvar.
• 8:03
  SPEAKER_00: Kiwin is quiet Drech tul is magical.
• 8:10
  SPEAKER_00: Kluach is fluffy downy feathery.
• 8:16
  SPEAKER_00: Aushul is handy and Daul is handsome.
• 8:22
  SPEAKER_00: So with those two you could say Murawil to Dahool Dunra Bai to Ashul Erlide If the women don't find you handsome, they will at least find ya handy.
• 8:38
  SPEAKER_00: So Egonjera at the end I have a couple of example sentences Taw car bon is a white car at me.
• 8:52
  SPEAKER_00: I have a white car.
• 8:54
  SPEAKER_00: And because car is masculine, the adjective bon, the color does not get a shavu.
• 9:02
  SPEAKER_00: Now we could also say that there's white on my car.
• 9:07
  SPEAKER_00: Tabon Ermachar Ta and Madra Kluach The dog is fluffy Tamoadra Kluach.
• 9:18
  SPEAKER_00: My dog is fluffy, Agastashi Glocha Erfald.
• 9:22
  SPEAKER_00: She is entirely cute.
• 9:25
  SPEAKER_00: Ta onvan Haurach and Sho.
• 9:29
  SPEAKER_00: The helpful woman is here.
• 9:32
  SPEAKER_00: And you can see that bon, which is feminine, modifies the adjective which follows it Bon Halrach.
• 9:43
  SPEAKER_00: And you may have noticed that I didn't say bon chaurach, I said on von Chaurach.
• 9:53
  SPEAKER_00: And that is because when a noun is feminine and it has a definite article in front of front of it, that's on, definite article means like the then it also gets a shavu.
• 10:06
  SPEAKER_00: But we'll be going over that when we talk about Inchkin, which is gender.
• 10:16
  SPEAKER_00: The helpful woman is here.
• 10:19
  SPEAKER_00: And as an example of what you may do if there is a plural noun with an adjective following Taw Nakerja Glorvara Saf.
• 10:31
  SPEAKER_00: The noisy friends are in the pub.
• 10:34
  SPEAKER_00: So kara is singular for friend.
• 10:37
  SPEAKER_00: Kerja is plural for friends.
• 10:40
  SPEAKER_00: And if we're going to modify kerja with an adjective, we need to add the appropriate ending.
• 10:46
  SPEAKER_00: So kerja glorvara, where glorvar is noisy.
• 10:53
  SPEAKER_00: Kerja Glorvara Ageshanehara That's all I have today.
• 11:01
  SPEAKER_00: Please look at the notes and watch the videos I've linked.
• 11:05
  SPEAKER_00: Listen to again, be a Glachta, and more importantly, be enjoying learning Irish and all the amazing, flexible, cool ways that we can say things in Irish.
• 11:20
  SPEAKER_00: Alright, slongeal, bye bye.