Latest / Reformed Thinking / Jesus Christ, the Root of Jesse: King, Covenant Fulfillment, and Hope of the Nations
Transcript
- 0:00If an arborist looks at a chopped down, dried out stump,
- 0:04the diagnosis is pretty binary. I mean, it is dead.
- 0:08Biology dictates it will never grow again.
- 0:10Welcome to reform thinking. Yeah.
- 0:12And today we are looking at a king who completely defies that
- 0:16biological law. A king who is simultaneously the
- 0:20descendant of King David and the origin of King David, right?
- 0:23It is a staggering paradox. We are looking at a progression
- 0:26of events that moves from absolute human ruin, which is
- 0:29represented by that dead stump, to a cosmic, eternal reign.
- 0:33And along the way, this analysis aggressively challenges modern
- 0:37assumptions about grace, about justice, and, you know, about
- 0:39the nature of the church itself. And the goal of our time with
- 0:42you today is to unpack all of this thoroughly.
- 0:44We're initiating a massive deep dive into two incredibly
- 0:47thorough theological tactics analyzing Isaiah Chapter 11,
- 0:51specifically looking at the title given to Jesus Christ, the
- 0:55Root of Jesse. This is not some abstract
- 0:57biblical Riddle meant for a seminary classroom.
- 0:59This is a core truth that reorients how you view history,
- 1:03how you view your own salvation, and how you view the future of
- 1:08the entire cosmos. But to understand this shoot
- 1:12that brings life, we first have to look at the Deadwood.
- 1:15Right, we have to go back to the historical background of the 8th
- 1:18century BC. Because we are talking about a
- 1:20period of absolute geopolitical terror.
- 1:23The historical context here is vital.
- 1:26You have to transport yourself to the ancient Near East during
- 1:29a time when the entire known world was shaking.
- 1:32Oh, absolutely. The Northern Kingdom of Israel
- 1:34and the Southern Kingdom of Judah are locked in this vice of
- 1:37fear. The Neo Syrian Empire is
- 1:39expanding under the leadership of a ruthless military commander
- 1:43named Tiglat Pilasser the Third. Right.
- 1:45And to understand the psychological weed of this era,
- 1:47you have to realize this was not a minor border dispute.
- 1:50The Assyrian war machine was swallowing up surrounding
- 1:53nations with unprecedented violence.
- 1:56Yes, they were notorious for psychological terror, mass
- 2:00deportations and absolute devastation.
- 2:03I mean, they would leave pyramids of skulls outside
- 2:05Concord cities to send a message to anyone who dared oppose them.
- 2:09Which is just a horrifying visual.
- 2:11And right in the middle of this panic, you have the southern
- 2:14Kingdom of Judah and a king named Ahaz sitting on the throne
- 2:18in Jerusalem. Yeah.
- 2:20Ahaz is faced with a terrifying political squeeze called this
- 2:23Cerro Ephraimite coalition. Basically, Resin, the king of
- 2:28Damascus, and Pika, the king of Israel in the north, form an
- 2:31alliance and they want to force Judah into a rebellion against
- 2:35the Assyrian Empire. They figure if they could force
- 2:37Judah to join them, they might have a fighting chance against
- 2:40Tikloff Palace of the Third. But A has panics.
- 2:42And King Ahaz fails spectacularly.
- 2:45He acts as an absolute coward instead of trusting the Lord.
- 2:48Instead of leaning on the promises God made to his sister,
- 2:50David A has commits an act of total apostasy.
- 2:54He actually loots the gold and silver from the temple of God
- 2:57and sends it to Assyria as a bribe.
- 2:59He essentially sells his nation into Pagan vassalage.
- 3:02The texts point out that this is a direct violation of the
- 3:05Davidic covenant established back in Second Samuel Chapter 7,
- 3:09where God promised that David's house and Kingdom would be
- 3:11established forever. Right.
- 3:12He trades divine sovereignty for a cheap, pragmatic political
- 3:16alliance. Yes, he looks at the terrifying
- 3:18Assyrian army and decides that God's promises are not enough to
- 3:22protect him. And that pragmatic alliance does
- 3:25not save them in the long run. It just delays the inevitable
- 3:28and compromises the nation. The historical record traces
- 3:31this downward spiral all the way to the Babylonian exile, which
- 3:35we read about in Second Kings 25.
- 3:37That's forward a few generations, and the mighty
- 3:40sprawling tree of David's royal line is chopped down by the acts
- 3:43of divine judgement. Jerusalem is destroyed, the
- 3:46temple is burned to the ground, and the Last King of David's
- 3:49line to sit on the throne, Zedekiah, is forced to watch his
- 3:52own sons executed right before his eyes, which.
- 3:55Is so brutal. It is, and then his eyes are
- 3:57gouged out. He is LED away in bronze chains
- 4:00to Babylon. And that is a specific imagery
- 4:03of the stump. The visible monarchy is entirely
- 4:06cut down. The crown is cast to the dirt.
- 4:10To the human eye, the royal covenant looks like it is
- 4:12completely collapsed. The people are scattered in a
- 4:15foreign land. It is a scene of total
- 4:17desolation and apparent covenant failure.
- 4:21When an Israelite looked at the royal family line after the
- 4:23Babylonian exile, they did not see a thriving tree.
- 4:26They saw a rotting, lifeless stump in the ground.
- 4:29Which brings up a fascinating detail in the text that we have
- 4:32to pause and look at. Why does the prophet Isaiah say
- 4:37a shoot will come from the stump of Jesse?
- 4:39Yeah, that is a great question. Why not say the sump of David?
- 4:43I mean, David was the great ping, the one who built the
- 4:45empire, the one who conquered Jerusalem.
- 4:48David is the name associated with glory and triumph.
- 4:50Naming Jesse points to the total reduction of the royal house.
- 4:54By invoking Jesse, the text strips away all the palatial
- 4:57glory of Jerusalem. It bypasses the gold, the
- 5:00Chariots, the ivory palaces and returns the family to its pre
- 5:03monarchical humble status. Jesse was not a king, he was
- 5:07just a farmer in Bethlehem. He was a commoner keeping sheep.
- 5:11The royal line has been humiliated and reduced to the
- 5:14dirt. God is signaling that the coming
- 5:17restoration will not rely on the remaining prestige of the
- 5:21Davidic dynasty because there is no prestige left.
- 5:24It makes me think of a famous billionaire dynasty.
- 5:28Imagine a family that builds a massive global empire over a
- 5:32century. They have huge skyscrapers with
- 5:34their name on them, private sheds, incredible wealth and
- 5:38immense political influence. And then, through sheer
- 5:41corruption and terrible decisions, they lose absolutely
- 5:43everything. The empire goes bankrupt, the
- 5:46mansions are seized by the bank, the legacy is destroyed in
- 5:49public scandal, and the great grandchildren of the founder are
- 5:52reduced to the identical obscure working class state that their
- 5:55great grandfather started in, sweeping floors or working on a
- 5:57small farm. That is what happened to the
- 6:00line of David. They are back to square one,
- 6:01living in obscurity in Bethlehem, far removed from the
- 6:04throne room. That analogy captures the
- 6:06humiliation well. The text forces the reader to
- 6:09confront the reality of this total devastation.
- 6:12And from that lifeless, humiliated stump, a biological
- 6:16impossibility is introduced, a green shoot pushing up from
- 6:19Deadwood. Which brings us into the
- 6:21specific Hebrew vocabulary used by Isaiah.
- 6:24And this holds a massive theological Riddle sitting right
- 6:27there in plain sight. Let's investigate that
- 6:29vocabulary, because the linguistic precision here is
- 6:32incredible. In Isaiah Chapter 11, verse one,
- 6:34the text uses the Hebrew words choder, meaning a shoot, and
- 6:38netzer meaning a branch, to describe what grows from the
- 6:41stump. It implies something springing
- 6:43forth from the lineage, a direct biological descendant.
- 6:47But down first hand the text shifts its vocabulary entirely.
- 6:50It uses the word sharesh, which translates to root.
- 6:54It says the root of Jesse will stand as a signal for the
- 6:56peoples. This is the absolute core of the
- 6:58text. This shift from shoot to root is
- 7:00not an accident of poetry. So wait, how does this work
- 7:03practically? A shoot grows out of a stump
- 7:05above the ground, taking life from the tree.
- 7:08But a root is what exists under the ground before the tree even
- 7:12grows, providing the life to the entire Organism.
- 7:15How can someone be the offspring of a family line, the shoot, and
- 7:19the root of that same family line at the identical time?
- 7:22The authors connect this directly to the hypostatic
- 7:25union, the two distinct natures of Jesus Christ united in one
- 7:28person. Yes, as the shoot or the branch.
- 7:32Jesus is fully human. He is legally descended from
- 7:35David through Mary and Joseph, as we see carefully recorded in
- 7:38the genealogies of Matthew chapter 1 and Luke chapter 3.
- 7:40Right. He was born in the lowly,
- 7:42obscure town of Bethlehem, fulfilling the prophecy of
- 7:45returning to the days of Jesse. Exactly.
- 7:47I mean, he shares our human nature entirely.
- 7:49Facing temptation, hunger, and physical exhaustion, yet
- 7:52remaining entirely without sin. He is the genuine biological
- 7:56fulfillment of the promise made to David's physical lineage.
- 8:00But as the root, He is the eternal God.
- 8:03He is the self existing Creator. The Gospel of John and the
- 8:07letter to the Colossians make it clear that all things were made
- 8:09through him and in him all things hold together.
- 8:13Before Jesse was ever born, the eternal Son of God existed.
- 8:17He gave Jesse his very breath, his very existence.
- 8:20He is the divine source that kept the Covenant alive when the
- 8:23human elements failed. He's the one sustaining the root
- 8:26system underneath the soil of history, long before He
- 8:29incarnated as the shoot above the soil.
- 8:31And we see New Testament echoes of the specific Riddle.
- 8:35Jesus actually poses this theological puzzle to the
- 8:38Pharisees in Matthew 22. Oh that is a great connection.
- 8:41He asks them, if the Messiah is the son of David, how can David,
- 8:45speaking by the Spirit, call him Lord?
- 8:47The Pharisees cannot answer because they only see the
- 8:50Messiah as a human shoot, not as the divine root.
- 8:53And in the very last chapter of the Bible, Revelation 22 verse
- 8:5716, Jesus claims both titles explicitly.
- 9:00He says I am the root and the descendant of David.
- 9:03He claims both the origin and the conclusion of the covenantal
- 9:05lion. This proves absolute covenant
- 9:07fidelity. The unconditional royal grant
- 9:10given in Second Samuel Chapter 7, that David's throne would
- 9:14last forever is fulfilled completely.
- 9:16It proves God does not break His promises even when human kings
- 9:20fail miserably. Yeah, A has failed.
- 9:23Zedekiah failed. The entire line of physical
- 9:26kings rebelled and brought destruction upon themselves.
- 9:29But God himself steps into history to fulfill the
- 9:32requirements of the covenant from both sides.
- 9:35He provides the human descendant required while being the divine
- 9:38King who ensures its success. Because this king is divine,
- 9:42because he's the eternal root, his rule looks drastically
- 9:45different from the corrupt kings of Judah, and drastically
- 9:48different from any modern politician.
- 9:49Yes, the text transition from his origin to the nature of his
- 9:53reign, focusing heavily on the spirit endowed nature of this
- 9:56new monarch. Let's look closely at Isaiah 11,
- 9:59verses 2 through 5, detailing the sevenfold Spirit resting
- 10:02upon him. It lists the Spirit of wisdom,
- 10:04understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, and the fear of the
- 10:07Lord. This is not a partial endowment.
- 10:09It is the absolute fullness of the Holy Spirit.
- 10:12Unlike King Saul, who experienced the Spirit
- 10:14temporarily, or the other kings of Judah who wavered in their
- 10:17devotion, this king is permanently endowed.
- 10:20His mind is filled with divine truth, his decisions are shaped
- 10:24by perfect wisdom, and his authority is backed by
- 10:26omnipotent might. He does not need a cabinet of
- 10:30advisors. He does not need a strategy team
- 10:32to tell him how to govern. And that leads to a huge
- 10:35contrast in verse 3 regarding perfect justice.
- 10:38The text explicitly says he will not judge by what his eyes see
- 10:43or decide by what his ears hear. Think about human courts for a
- 10:47second. Even the best legal systems in
- 10:49the world rely on incredibly flawed mechanisms.
- 10:51We rely on biased witnesses who might misremember details or
- 10:54outright lie. We rely on circumstantial
- 10:56evidence. We rely on clever lawyers who
- 10:58can spin a narrative to convince a jury.
- 11:01Human justice is entirely dependent on external
- 11:03appearances and hearsay. But this king needs no jury.
- 11:07He needs no witnesses. He has absolute, omniscient
- 11:10access to the truth of every single human heart.
- 11:12This brings us to the holy severity of his reign.
- 11:16The authors highlight the specific causative Hebrew verbs
- 11:18used in verse 4. It says He will smite the earth
- 11:21with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he
- 11:24shall slay the wicked. His mere word has active
- 11:28judicial might. When he speaks, judgment is
- 11:31executed. There is no appeal process.
- 11:34His decree is absolute and final.
- 11:36The breath that sustains the universe is the same breath that
- 11:39strikes down the wicked. Which is a sharp pivot from how
- 11:42many people view him today. The texts use this passage to
- 11:46directly critique modern seeker sensitive models of church life.
- 11:50They do. The argument here is that a lot
- 11:51of contemporary religion prefers a version of Jesus who never
- 11:54confronts sin, never calls for repentance, and acts more like
- 11:57an affirming therapist than a sovereign monarch.
- 11:59Reshaping Jesus into a harmless, non confrontational mascot
- 12:03completely ignores the holy severity detailed in Isaiah 11.
- 12:06True justice includes striking down rebellion.
- 12:08A king whose belt is righteousness and faithfulness
- 12:11cannot trim his judgments to fit human marketing strategies.
- 12:16He does not soften his demands to increase attendance.
- 12:19And it is precisely this perfect, unyielding justice that
- 12:22paves the way for what comes next.
- 12:24Perfect justice clears the ground for perfect peace.
- 12:27You cannot have cosmic Shalom while rebellion is allowed to
- 12:30fester. The text dive into this
- 12:33incredible imagery of Edenic restoration in verses 6 through
- 12:369. The wolf dwells with the lamb,
- 12:39the leopard lies down with the goat, the calf and the lion are
- 12:42together, and a nursing child plays near the whole of a cobra.
- 12:47Predators and prey living side by side without fear.
- 12:50Yeah, it is a beautiful picture. Now when I read about wolves and
- 12:53lambs hanging out, my modern brain immediately writes this
- 12:56off. It's just pretty poetry for
- 12:57World Peace. Feels like a metaphor for
- 12:59nations laying down their weapons.
- 13:01Are these authors actually arguing for literal biological
- 13:04changes to animal digestion and behavior?
- 13:06They absolutely are. The authors advocate for a
- 13:09literal, physical renewal of the earth.
- 13:12They operate from a premillennial view, meaning they
- 13:15anticipate a future literal reign of Christ on Earth.
- 13:19The texts specifically reject reading this as just social
- 13:22progress or a metaphor for human diplomacy.
- 13:26The curse that entered creation through human sin in Genesis
- 13:29chapter 3 is literally rolled back.
- 13:31The hostility in the animal Kingdom.
- 13:33The predatory nature of beasts is removed.
- 13:36Creation itself is liberated from its bondage to decay.
- 13:40And the text gives a specific reason for this safety.
- 13:43Verse 9 provides a direct causal link.
- 13:46The earth experiences this absolute cosmic safety because
- 13:49it is full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the
- 13:52sea, right? The universal Shalom is a direct
- 13:54result of the universal knowledge of God.
- 13:57Peace is not achieved by mankind finally learning how to get
- 13:59along. Peace is achieved because the
- 14:01King's holy presence saturates every inch of the globe.
- 14:04And that global reach is cemented in verse 10.
- 14:07The root of Jesse stands as a banner, a rallying signal for
- 14:11the Gentile nations. The apostle Paul quotes this
- 14:14specific verse in Romans chapter 15 to prove that God's plan
- 14:17always included saving people from every global tribe.
- 14:20He unites Jew and Gentile under one king.
- 14:23The localized promises made to the physical line of David
- 14:26explode into a global cosmic reality.
- 14:30The banner is raised high enough for the ends of the earth to see
- 14:32it and stream toward it. OK, so we've covered a massive
- 14:35amount of historical and prophetic ground.
- 14:38But how does this ancient royal prophecy impact how you, the
- 14:41listener, are saved today? The authors draw a Direct Line
- 14:45to the doctrines of grace. They explain how the stump
- 14:47imagery destroys human centered theology, specifically targeting
- 14:51systems like Arminianism or Synergism.
- 14:54The logic is quite stark. A dead stump cannot choose to
- 14:56grow. It has no internal life force
- 14:58remaining. It cannot generate a shoot
- 15:00through its own willpower. The emergence of the shoot is a
- 15:03sovereign, miraculous, monarchistic act of God alone.
- 15:06Monarchistic, meaning God acts alone in the work of
- 15:08regeneration. It is like trying to resuscitate
- 15:11a piece of chopped firewood. You take a piece of dry
- 15:14firewood, stick it in the dirt, water it all day, give it
- 15:17sunlight, maybe even speak encouraging words to it, but it
- 15:20is never going to grow roots. No, it is not.
- 15:22It needs a supernatural act of creation to bring it back to
- 15:26life. That is how the author's view
- 15:28the human heart before salvation.
- 15:31We are spiritually dead. Dry wood, The Holy Spirit has to
- 15:34perform a sovereign act of regeneration to give us life so
- 15:38that we can even recognize the King.
- 15:40We do not cooperate with grace to become alive.
- 15:43Grace makes us alive so that we can respond.
- 15:46That is the essence of monarchistic salvation discussed
- 15:49in the text. God acts decisively, and this
- 15:52fits seamlessly into the Reformed view of the covenant of
- 15:55grace. The authors stress that God's
- 15:57dealings with Israel and his dealings with the New Testament
- 15:59church are not 2 unrelated experiments.
- 16:01They are not disconnected backup plans or completely separate
- 16:05dispensations of grace. The promises made to Abraham
- 16:08about blessing the nation's, the promises made to David about an
- 16:11eternal throne, and the promises made to the church all find
- 16:15their single focal point in the root of Jesse.
- 16:19There's one unified plan of redemption running through all
- 16:22of human history. The Church is grafted into this
- 16:25singular covenantal olive tree. These doctrines do not just
- 16:29establish A theological framework, they actively tear
- 16:32down modern cultural frameworks that attempt to compete with the
- 16:35King's absolute authority. We need to look closely at the
- 16:39specific cultural critiques the authors raise, and I want to
- 16:42frame this carefully for you listening.
- 16:44We're looking strictly at how the authors of these texts argue
- 16:48against these movements. As reporters of their work, the
- 16:51authors explicitly call out several modern movements naming
- 16:54social justice and critical race there.
- 16:55Yes, they argue, these are secular Marxist derived
- 16:58ideologies of grievance that the church should reject.
- 17:01The rationale the authors provide is that true cosmic
- 17:03justice and equity are achieved only through the execution of
- 17:07the King's Law. They argue that attempting to
- 17:10achieve justice through political activism or treating
- 17:13the church like a political action committee replaces the
- 17:16sovereign action of Christ with humanistic schemes.
- 17:19They frame these modern ideological movements as
- 17:22incompatible with the biblical mandate, viewing them as man
- 17:26made attempts to engineer a utopia without the requirement
- 17:29of the King's holy presence. The texts also systematically
- 17:32refute several other interpretations that they
- 17:34consider false. For instance, they critique the
- 17:37prosperity gospel. They point out that the king
- 17:39comes from a stump, which signifies a path of suffering
- 17:42before glory. There was a cross before crown.
- 17:45The promise is not earthly wealth or a life free of
- 17:48hardship. If the king of the universe had
- 17:50to be humiliated and reduced to a humble shoot before ascending
- 17:54to the throne, his followers should expect to walk a similar
- 17:56path of suffering in this life. They also reject mysticism.
- 18:01The texts warn against viewing the root as some sort of secret
- 18:04inner energy or hidden potential that individuals can unlock
- 18:08through special spiritual techniques.
- 18:11Faith must look outward to the objective historical, physical
- 18:14person of Jesus Christ, not inward to subjective experiences
- 18:18or emotional highs. Our salvation is anchored in an
- 18:21objective historical event, not in our fluctuating internal
- 18:25feelings. And they tackle religious
- 18:26pluralism head on. The authors insist that the text
- 18:29presents Jesus as the absolute only banner for the nation.
- 18:33He's entirely exclusive. He's not one path among many.
- 18:36He's the sole source of life for everyone, right?
- 18:39The text leaves no room for multiple valid religious
- 18:41systems. The nations must stream to the
- 18:43root of Jesse or they remain under judgement.
- 18:46Taking all of this massive theology into consideration, the
- 18:49texts bring it down to daily application.
- 18:51What does it look like to live under the authority of the root
- 18:54of Jesse? On a Tuesday morning, they
- 18:56explain a concept known as the third use of the law.
- 18:59Which means the believers, having been filled with the same
- 19:02Holy Spirit that rested upon Christ, now walking grateful
- 19:06obedience. We are called to exhibit wisdom,
- 19:08counsel, and the fear of the Lord in our daily vocations.
- 19:12The law is no longer a tool of condemnation that terrifies us,
- 19:16but a guide for how to live out our gratitude to the King who
- 19:20saved us. The authors also apply this
- 19:22authority to family structures. They outline the concept of
- 19:26complementarianism, arguing that the headship of Christ over the
- 19:29Church is the divine model for the home.
- 19:32It calls for the sacrificial leadership of husbands and the
- 19:35submission of wives, reflecting the order of the Kingdom in the
- 19:37domestic sphere. The home is meant to be a micro
- 19:40representation of the cosmic peace and order established by
- 19:43the King. Beyond the home, the text
- 19:45addressed the broader psychological climate of our
- 19:48time. When you look at modern anxiety
- 19:50and suicide rates, the cultural despair is palpable.
- 19:53People are terrified of the future.
- 19:55The text present the literal, physical return of Christ as the
- 19:59only genuine remedy for this overwhelming despair.
- 20:02We do not place our hope in human improvement, societal
- 20:05evolution or political saviors. We place our hope in a king who
- 20:08has already conquered death, who brought life out of a dead
- 20:11stump, and who holds the future firmly in his hands.
- 20:15I want you to think about the stumps in your own life right
- 20:17now. Maybe it is an area of absolute
- 20:20failure, a visible ruin, a broken relationship, or a
- 20:23physical weakness where you feel entirely depleted.
- 20:26The challenge presented by these texts is to rest completely in
- 20:30the sovereign King who brings life out of absolute death,
- 20:33rather than relying on frantic self help strategies or human
- 20:36pragmatism. If the King of the Universe
- 20:38deliberately chose to enter human history through a
- 20:40disgraced chop down family line to prove that salvation belongs
- 20:44entirely to the Lord, how might he be using the apparent ruins
- 20:47in your own life to display his undeniable sovereignty?
- 20:50You look at a dead tree and biology says it is over, but
- 20:54divine sovereignty says life is just beginning.
- 20:56Thank you so much for joining us for this deep dive into the
- 20:58Word. We look forward to our next
- 21:00conversation. Farewell until the next edition
- 21:02of Reformed Thinking.