Latest / 70 80 / SETTANTAxOTTANTA: Anni 70. I regoli si diffondono in tutto il mondo
Transcript
- 1:05get your podcasts. Benvenuti a 70x80, la rubrica
- 1:19di 7080 .it dedicata all 'approfondimento dei
- 1:22temi trattati negli articoli del portale. Siamo
- 1:24con il direttore Massimo Lualdi che introduce
- 1:26l 'argomento odierno. Di cosa parliamo oggi?
- 1:29Di un gioco, i regoli in italiano, reglete in
- 1:32francese, cuisine en rose in inglese. A partire
- 1:35dagli anni 70 tutti abbiamo usato questi strumenti
- 1:38didattici che erano anche un gioco e che ci hanno
- 1:40insegnato in modo intuitivo a fare di conto.
- 1:43La loro longevità dimostra la profondità dell
- 1:45'idea visionaria del loro inventore. La plus
- 1:48petite c 'est un cube de 1 cm d 'arête et puis
- 1:53on a son petit copain qui fait 2 cm d 'arête.
- 1:56three centimeters, etc. So each time one times
- 1:58one, times two, three, four, five, six, seven,
- 2:00up to ten. The invention of colored numbers is
- 2:03due to a Belgian teacher, Georges Cuisinart,
- 2:06who created it in 1951. Their diffusion outside
- 2:10the borders of Belgium, in Europe and in the
- 2:12world, happened thanks to the enthusiasm of Professor
- 2:14Caleb Gattegno, a mathematical and psychological
- 2:17teacher at the University of London, who founded
- 2:19the Cuisinart Company in 1954 in Reading. Subsequently,
- 2:24UNESCO promoted... as a teaching material among
- 2:27the most suitable for teaching arithmetics. It
- 2:30is the beginning of the great international diffusion
- 2:32of the method that Gattegno, between the 50s
- 2:35and 70s, presented in various countries of the
- 2:37world. They compare, they naturally realize that,
- 2:40in fact, we can do great things, do series, for
- 2:45example. On peut faire des petites échelles comme
- 2:48ça pour s 'apercevoir que... In 1971, the Kusiner
- 3:00associations in Switzerland, England, Canada,
- 3:01the United States and Belgium were born. In 1973,
- 3:05more than a million boxes of rules had already
- 3:07been used in 80 different countries. The name
- 3:11Encolure was the title of the book written by
- 3:13Kusiner to explain the method he invented to
- 3:16teach arithmetic to children. And colors play
- 3:19a fundamental role in making immediately noticeable
- 3:23the difference between the various quantities.
- 3:25They are represented proportionally also by the
- 3:28length of the different sticks. In fact, they
- 3:31are parallelepipeds of different lengths that
- 3:34intend to transmit the basic concepts of mathematics.
- 3:37Using the deep synesthetic capacity of children
- 3:40in connecting impressions coming from different
- 3:42senses, each color is associated with a length.
- 3:45This happens through sight, but especially through
- 3:47touch, shifting the rules, separating them or
- 3:50flattening them, the child learns the mechanism
- 3:51of the basic arithmetic operations. The smallest,
- 3:54the number one, is represented by a white cube
- 3:56of 1x1x1 cm, while the following numbers follow
- 4:00the following color scale, adding each time 1
- 4:03cm more on the length. Red 2, light green 3,
- 4:06pink 4, yellow 5, dark green 6, black 7, brown
- 4:108, blue 9, orange 10. In fact, at the beginning,
- 4:13in kindergarten, we work with colors. And the
- 4:16colors in the rules are always the same, so that
- 4:18the child can find himself. So, for example,
- 4:20at the beginning, we will say yellow plus white
- 4:23equals... And it's just from the CP that we're
- 4:27really going to introduce the numerical notion.
- 4:53By exploiting their ability to recognize the
- 4:56equivalence between s, the basis of the main
- 4:59concepts are created, not only mathematical,
- 5:01but also logical and even grammatical. On fractions,
- 5:04we are in cycle 3, so we started from a free
- 5:07game that allows the child just to manipulate
- 5:09and understand a little the greatness, and we
- 5:11end up with fractions that go to college. It's
- 5:15really a super powerful mathematical tool. The
- 5:17Silent Way, for example, is a method for learning
- 5:20languages invented by the same Gattegno who,
- 5:23using rules, allows you to create visual models
- 5:26for grammatical constructions and also for the
- 5:28sounds of a language. In reality, the reason
- 5:30why we all remember them with emotion is rarely
- 5:32linked to mathematics. The hammers were mostly
- 5:35used as a game to create constructions and drawings.
- 5:39Creativity and fantasy are also, in the end,
- 5:41like mathematics, a way to construct. Tyler Reddick
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