Latest / Pionerd / [FROM THE ARCHIVES] The First Minnesota at Gettysburg
Transcript
- On July 2, 1863, the First Minnesota stood at the center of the Union line at Gettysburg. They were the very first regiment offered to President Lincoln when the war began. Governor Alexander Ramsey was in Washington on April 14, 1861, when he made that pledge, setting the standard for our state. By the time they reached this ridge, that promise had cost them everything. We track the math of a unit that started as 1,000 men and stood as 262. As we near the nation’s 250th anniversary, we look at the regiment that defined our identity. Today, we honor the men who led the way. The road to July 2, 1863, was paved with 2 years of brutal service. In 1861, 1,000 men marched out of St. Paul as the first regiment offered to the Union. They fought through the Peninsula Campaign and bled at Antietam. Disease and constant combat carved away their ranks month after month. By the time they reached the field at Gettysburg, only 262 remained. These survivors were not just soldiers; they were the thin, ragged line left of the original 1,000. At 6:30 PM, the Union center at Cemetery Ridge faced a total collapse. General Sickles had pushed his Third Corps into an exposed salient. General Hancock needed time to move reinforcements to the high ground. He rode to the 262 men of the First Minnesota and found their commander, Colonel William Colvill. Colvill was a lawyer from Red Wing who led his men with a stern, calm focus. He understood that his regiment was the only force left to plug the gap. Hancock gave a direct, desperate order: charge the enemy. Colvill turned to his small line of 262 and gave the command to advance. They stepped off into the Plum Run gap, facing a force of Alabamians that outnumbered them 10 to 1. Every man knew the math of the moment. Duty dictated they hold the ground at any cost. They marched into the sulfurous smoke with bayonets fixed, prepared to trade their lives for the safety of the Union line. Three hundred yards of open ground lay ahead. Men from the First Minnesota stepped off, eyes locked on the gray mass waiting in the trees. Sunlight hit their steel, causing a blinding glint of bayonets at 300 yards. Heavy, rhythmic thuds of artillery fire filled the air, drowning out the shouts of scouts. Fatigue from 2 years of hard service tugged at their boots, yet no man slowed his pace. Colonel Colvill demanded they remain standing, making their line look twice its size to the eyes of the foe. They surged forward at a double-quick pace—a killing trot that closed the 300 yards in mere minutes. Stalling Wilcox’s Brigade became the only goal. Every second spent in the open was a gamble with death. A horrific wave of lead struck the line, tearing holes through the heart of the unit. Records from the field confirm 215 casualties in less than 6 minutes. It was a brutal, physical loss of life that defied all logic. Without their bodies in that gap, the Union center would have folded. They pushed on, driven by a shared, quiet surrender of the urge to live. Each step forward drained the strength of the regiment. Bullets shredded the air as the men closed the distance to the trees. They locked arms with the enemy, turning the charge into a messy, close-quarters grind. This act of raw grit bought the time Hancock needed to set his main force. Survivors fought with the shards of their will, keeping the line from snapping under the strain. Chaos reigned, yet the objective remained clear: hold the gap at any cost. Only 47 men stood when the smoke finally cleared. July 3 broke with a false, quiet stillness, soon shattered by the return of the heavy, rhythmic roar of guns. These survivors of the First Minnesota stood back in the line, their eyes hollow but their rifles ready. Rebels moved across the field, their massed ranks aiming for the Union center. Pickett’s Charge surged forward, yet the survivors of the First Minnesota met the wave with a cold, hard focus. They held the high ground, pushing the tide of gray back into the smoke. Amidst the chaotic, smoke-choked finality of the fight, the 28th Virginia flag was seized by the First Minnesota—an achievement officially credited to Private Marshall Sherman, though remembered by various members of the regiment as a collective scramble for survival and victory. It was a brutal grapple for the silk and pole. Private Sherman moved through the press of bodies to reach the enemy line. Lt. John Lee held the flag, but the Minnesotan pushed him back with a firm strike of his bayonet. Their capture of the colors marked the end of the final push. Men looked down at the flag, stained with the dust and red hues of the field. Postwar records indicate that the trophy remained in their hands, despite later pleas from the South to return it. It was not just a piece of cloth to these soldiers. Each thread held the ghost of the 215 men who did not walk away from the ridge. This victory cost them their youth, yet it built a legend that lives in our archives today. Political friction flared long after the smoke cleared from the ridge. A 1905 act of Congress pushed for the return of all captured battle flags to their home states. Minnesota governors stood firm in their refusal to yield the 28th Virginia colors. They viewed the flag as a blood-cost trophy, earned by the men who halted the Confederate advance. This legal defiance grounded the First Minnesota in our state memory, shifting them from simple soldiers to symbols of a new, sovereign identity. Tensions within the ranks also grew. While official records award the flag to Private Marshall Sherman, postwar reunions reveal deep rifts. Men like Private Bond contested the credit in letters, arguing that the capture was a messy, group struggle rather than a solo act of fame. These conflicting claims show how the fog of war lingers, even decades after the guns fall silent. We hold both the myth of the hero and the reality of the collective grind as part of our core history. These men gave everything so that the center of the line would hold. The 215 names of those lost on July 2 remain etched into the heart of our state, marking the true price of our unity. Their sacrifice bridges the gap between the birth of our nation in 1776 and the test of its survival in 1863. As we approach the nation’s 250th anniversary, the choice to stand when the odds are impossible remains our clearest guide. They showed us that the measure of a state is found in the courage of its people. We honor their grit by keeping their memory sharp.