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007 - Chapter III The Historians Part 2 · Victorian Literature

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Speaker 1: Chapter three, Part two of Victorian Literature. This is a
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Speaker 1: LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
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Speaker 1: For more information or a volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
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Speaker 1: Recording by Lynn Thompson. Victorian Literature by Clement Shorter. Chapter three,
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Speaker 1: The Historians, Part two, eighteen o five to eighteen seventy five.
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Speaker 1: Earl Stanhope, who did most of his historical work when
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Speaker 1: as an expectant peer he was known as Lord marn
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Speaker 1: was a great friend of macaulay's. In eighteen seventy he
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Speaker 1: published a history of the Reign of Queen Anne, which
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Speaker 1: began at the year seventeen o one, and thus served
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Speaker 1: as a connecting link between McCauley's history and his own
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Speaker 1: larger work, The History of England from the Piece of
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Speaker 1: Utrechte down to the Piece of Theirsille teen thirteen to
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Speaker 1: seventeen eighty three. The continuation of Earl Stanhope's narrative may
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Speaker 1: be found in either mister Lecky's eighteenth century or in
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Speaker 1: William Nathaniel Massey's History of England under George the Third
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Speaker 1: eighteen oh nine to eighteen eighty one. Mister Massey brings
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Speaker 1: us down to the Piece of Amiel in eighteen oh one,
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Speaker 1: from which date Harriet Martineau leads us from eighteen forty
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Speaker 1: six in a work history of the Piece, which is
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Speaker 1: quite unworthy of her abilities. The Reign of Victoria has
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Speaker 1: been written by many hands, not the least successful being
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Speaker 1: The History of England eighteen thirty to eighteen seventy three
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Speaker 1: by the Reverend William Nassau Molesworth eighteen sixteen to eighteen
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Speaker 1: ninety of Rochdale, the author also of a History of
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Speaker 1: the Church of England. Equally popular is The History of
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Speaker 1: Our Own Time eighteen thirty to eighteen ninety seven of
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Speaker 1: Justin McCarthy eighteen thirty one onwards, who has also written
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Speaker 1: a history of the Four Georges and many popular novels.
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Speaker 1: Nor must we forget the brilliant literary effort of Alexander
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Speaker 1: William Kinglake eighteen eleven to eighteen ninety one, who, in
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Speaker 1: his History of the War of the Crimea, has made
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Speaker 1: a younger generation familiar with a struggle in which their
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Speaker 1: fathers took so brave a part. Mister Kinglake was for
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Speaker 1: some years the Liberal member for Bridgewater. His first literary
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Speaker 1: effort Eothan, a volume of travels, is scarcely less popular
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Speaker 1: than his History. By far the most important work, however,
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Speaker 1: on English history in a period subsequent to that dealt
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Speaker 1: with by mcaulay is Lecky's History of England in the
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Speaker 1: eighteenth Century, a work of great thoroughness and thoughtfulness, the
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Speaker 1: eighth and concluding volume of which was published in eighteen ninety.
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Speaker 1: William Edward Harpole Lecky eighteen thirty eight Onward, who was
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Speaker 1: educated at Trinity College, Dublin, which he now represents in Parliament,
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Speaker 1: is one of the most brilliant and suggestive writers of
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Speaker 1: our age. His rise and influence of the spirit of
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Speaker 1: rationalism and European morals from Augustus to Charlemagne, as well
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Speaker 1: as the history of the eighteenth century, are justly popular.
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Speaker 1: Eighteen o nine to eighteen eighty one. It is impossible
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Speaker 1: to enumerate all the important contributions to the historical study
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Speaker 1: of the past few years, but the history of Scotland
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Speaker 1: from the Invasion of Agricola to the Revolution of sixteen
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Speaker 1: eighty eight by John hill Burton and the life and
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Speaker 1: Reign of Richard the Third by James Gerdner must not
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Speaker 1: be Forgotten, nor the History of the War in the
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Speaker 1: Peninsular by Sir Charles Napier seventeen eighty six to eighteen sixty.
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Speaker 1: Many writers have embodied the main conclusions of the historians
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Speaker 1: we have named in brief but useful histories for the
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Speaker 1: use of the more advanced schools. The more successful of
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Speaker 1: these are the rev from James frank Bright and the
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Speaker 1: late John Richard Greene. James frank Bright eighteen thirty two
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Speaker 1: onwards is Master of University College, Oxford, and his English
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Speaker 1: History for the Use of public Schools is a work
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Speaker 1: so lucidly and carefully written that it is entitled to
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Speaker 1: be lifted out of the category of mere textbooks and
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Speaker 1: to take rank as good literature. Still more is this
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Speaker 1: true of Greene's Short History of the English People. John
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Speaker 1: Richard Greene eighteen thirty seven to eighteen eighty three was
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Speaker 1: born at Oxford and educated at Maudlin College School and
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Speaker 1: at Jesus College. For some time he was vicar of
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Speaker 1: Saint Philip's Stepney. His short history, published in eighteen seventy four,
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Speaker 1: was speedily adopted in schools and had an enormous sale
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Speaker 1: among general readers. It was immediately recognized that a brilliant
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Speaker 1: writer had appeared, one who had a simil related all
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Speaker 1: that was worthy in the work of laborious contemporary historians,
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Speaker 1: had himself made much study of original documents, and had
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Speaker 1: welded altogether by the power of real genius. A critic
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Speaker 1: here and there devoted himself to discovering the errors, mainly
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Speaker 1: of dates, which, owing to the illness of the author,
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Speaker 1: disfigured the first edition. But the popular instinct, which declared
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Speaker 1: this to be a great work, was a sound one.
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Speaker 1: In the main. Its conclusions are just. There is not
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Speaker 1: a line of cheap sentiment or rhetorical clap chap in
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Speaker 1: the book. Mister green soon afterwards enlarged his work and
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Speaker 1: published it in four handsome volumes, which he dedicated to
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Speaker 1: his friends, my masters in the study of English history,
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Speaker 1: Bishop Stubbs and Professor Freeman. Later on appeared The Making
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Speaker 1: of England, and after his decease another volume, The Conquest
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Speaker 1: of England, written on his death bed, was published by
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Speaker 1: his widow, Alice Stopford Greene, who has written town life
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Speaker 1: in the fifteenth century. Sir Archibald Geik, the geologist, once
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Speaker 1: rendered a tribute to green for endeavoring to bring geological
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Speaker 1: science to the aid of historical research. But on the
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Speaker 1: question of the Teutonic element in our nation, it has
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Speaker 1: been urged that Green follows his friends Stubbs and Freemen
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Speaker 1: all too readily, and ignores the evidence from anthropology in
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Speaker 1: favor of the great prevalence of Celtic blood in the
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Speaker 1: English speaking race. I regret that my space will not
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Speaker 1: permit me to write at length of the men who
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Speaker 1: have studied so thoroughly sciences which have so much bearing
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Speaker 1: upon history, and who have written delightful books upon them.
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Speaker 1: I must be content merely to mention the names of
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Speaker 1: William Boyd Dawkins, who has written Cave Hunting and Early
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Speaker 1: Man in Britain, and Sir John Lubbock, Banker and Member
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Speaker 1: of Parliament, who has written Prehistoric Times and the Origin
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Speaker 1: of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man. So various
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Speaker 1: books on natural science, and some very inadequate literary essays.
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Speaker 1: Nor must I forget Edward Burnett Tyler's Primitive Culture and Anthropology,
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Speaker 1: Grant Allan's Anglo Saxon Britain, and Edward Klod's Childhood of
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Speaker 1: the World, Childhood of Religion and pioneers of evolution. From
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Speaker 1: such works as these, it is but a very short
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Speaker 1: step to the writings of Max Muller eighteen twenty three onwards.
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Speaker 1: Friedrich max Muller, son of the German poet Wilhelm Muller,
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Speaker 1: was educated at the University of Leipzig and made a
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Speaker 1: special study of philosophy in Germany for many years before
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Speaker 1: he came to the land of his adoption in eighteen
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Speaker 1: forty six, appointed an Oxford Professor, first of modern languages
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Speaker 1: and later of comparative philology, a science which he may
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Speaker 1: almost be said to have created. He has become an Englishman,
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Speaker 1: both in speech and in writing. Max Muller's most popular
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Speaker 1: works are his injre trusting lectures on the Science of
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Speaker 1: Language and his Chips from a German Workshop, in which
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Speaker 1: he deals not only with the common origin of the
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Speaker 1: world's leading languages, but in a skillful and almost startling manner,
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Speaker 1: reconstructs by the aid of language alone, the conditions out
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Speaker 1: of which have risen the various religious and social systems
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Speaker 1: of the early nations. The writers who have most prominently
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Speaker 1: followed in Maxmuller's footsteps as elucidators of primitive religious beliefs
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Speaker 1: are Professor Sais and the Reverend Sir George Cox eighteen
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Speaker 1: forty six onwards. Archibald Henry Seiss, who succeeded Maxmuller in
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Speaker 1: the Chair of Comparative Philology at Oxford, has written numerous
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Speaker 1: books and treatises dealing with the Chaldean and other ancient nations,
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Speaker 1: and has also published an annotated edition of Herodotus, noticeable
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Speaker 1: chiefly for its unfavorable verdict on the Father of History.
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Speaker 1: Sir George Cox eighteen twenty seven onwards, whose mythology of
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Speaker 1: the Aryan Nations has provoked much adverse criticism from its
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Speaker 1: extreme application of the solar theory to the interpretation of
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Speaker 1: myth epic and Romance, has also written an interesting history
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Speaker 1: of Greece in two volumes seventeen ninety four to eighteen
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Speaker 1: seventy one. The History of Greece, which may be considered
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Speaker 1: one of the most satisfactory achievements of the Victorian era,
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Speaker 1: is that by Groat, published in twelve volumes. George Groat
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Speaker 1: was born at clay Hill, near Beckenham, and was educated
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Speaker 1: at the Charterhouse School. He early went into the banking
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Speaker 1: house in fred Needle Street, of which his father was
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Speaker 1: one of the partners, but found time to devote himself
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Speaker 1: to philosophy and history, and to write for the Westminster Review,
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Speaker 1: the organ of philosophical radicalism. It was as a representative
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Speaker 1: of this phase of thought that he was returned as
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Speaker 1: Member of Parts Eliament for the City of London in
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Speaker 1: eighteen thirty three. He sat in the House as one
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Speaker 1: of a small body of philosophical radicals until eighteen forty one,
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Speaker 1: bringing forward annually a resolution in favor of the ballot.
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Speaker 1: He retired from parliamentary life to devote himself more energetically
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Speaker 1: to his history of Greece, the first two volumes of
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Speaker 1: which appeared in eighteen forty six. The twelfth and last,
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Speaker 1: which takes us to the death of Alexander the Great,
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Speaker 1: was published in eighteen fifty six. During the same years,
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Speaker 1: but unknown to Grote, CANNEB Thirlwall seventeen ninety seven to
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Speaker 1: eighteen seventy five, Bishop of Saint David's, a former schoolfellow
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Speaker 1: of his, was engaged upon the same task. Each acknowledged
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Speaker 1: the superiority of his rival's work, and Grote said that
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Speaker 1: he should never have written his had furl Wall's book
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Speaker 1: appeared a few years earlier, but there can be little
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Speaker 1: hesitation in assigning the higher place to Grote of Thirlwall.
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Speaker 1: It may be said, however, that but for Groat, his
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Speaker 1: history would have taken high rank, and would have been
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Speaker 1: a welcome relief from the foolish but once popular work
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Speaker 1: of William Mitford. Furlwall is also interesting for having translated
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Speaker 1: in eighteen twenty five Schleiermacher's Essaye on Saint Luke, and
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Speaker 1: thus first introduced German theology into England. Grote's History is
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Speaker 1: a book of high educational value. In it we have
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Speaker 1: all that is best in Herodotus, Thucydides and the other
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Speaker 1: ancient historians, added to the sound and weighty judgment of
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Speaker 1: a clear sighted modern critic exceptionally free from prejudice. It
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Speaker 1: was Grote's great destiny to free the English mind from
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Speaker 1: the erroneous impression which had so long prevailed as to
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Speaker 1: the real character of the Athenian democracy, and we cannot
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Speaker 1: find elsewhere a truer or just a picture of Athens
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Speaker 1: at the height of her power. A great work on
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Speaker 1: Greek history in later aspects than those of Groat and Thurlwall,
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Speaker 1: is a history of Greece from its conquests by the
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Speaker 1: Romans for the present time by George Finley seventeen ninety
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Speaker 1: nine to eighteen seventy five. Finley fought in the Greek
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Speaker 1: War of Independence and lived for the greater part of
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Speaker 1: his life in Athens. A number of clergymen, besides Dr Thurlwall,
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Speaker 1: have shown an able grasp of classical history. Dr Arnold
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Speaker 1: wrote a history of Rome based on Nibrul, which, although interesting,
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Speaker 1: is scarcely worthy of so great a man. Charles Meryvale
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Speaker 1: eighteen o eight to eighteen ninety three, Dean of Ely,
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Speaker 1: wrote an admirable summary of Roman history from the foundation
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Speaker 1: of the city in BC seven fifty three to the
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Speaker 1: fall of Augustulus in AD four seventy six. But his
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Speaker 1: great work is the History of the Romans under the Empire,
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Speaker 1: which is indispensable for a thorough appreciation of Gibbon. Henry
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Speaker 1: hart Milman seventeen ninety one to eighteen sixty eight, Dean
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Speaker 1: of Saint Paul's, did good service to historical scholarship by
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Speaker 1: his edition of Gibbon's pre eminent work and by his
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Speaker 1: own history of the Jews history of Christianity under the
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Speaker 1: Empire and Latin Christianity. The nine volumes of this last
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Speaker 1: were called by Dean Stanley a complete epic and philosophy
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Speaker 1: of Medieval Christianity. Milman is said to have described himself
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Speaker 1: as the last learned man in the Church, but in
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Speaker 1: the presence of so eminent a scholar as Mandell Creighton
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Speaker 1: eighteen forty three onwards, Bishop of London, the statement is meaningless.
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Speaker 1: Doctor Creighton's great work, A History of the Papacy from
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Speaker 1: the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome, is of
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Speaker 1: the highest value in the consecutive study of European history,
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Speaker 1: and so also is the work of another clergyman, George
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Speaker 1: William Kitchen eighteen twenty seven onward, Dean of Durham, whose
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Speaker 1: history of France previous to the Revolution is very attractively written.
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Speaker 1: A writer who generalizes freely from the facts of history,
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Speaker 1: and whose generalizations were once very popular, and, according to
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Speaker 1: Sir Mackenzie Wallace, are still widely read in Russia was
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Speaker 1: Henry Thomas Buckle eighteen twenty one to eighteen sixty two,
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Speaker 1: who published in eighteen fifty seven the first volume of
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Speaker 1: the History of Civilization in England. A second volume appeared
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Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty one, but the author died before he
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Speaker 1: had completed his intended undertaking. Buckle unduly emphasizes the influence
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Speaker 1: of national and moral laws upon the progress of civilization,
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Speaker 1: minimizes the influence of individuals, and overlooks the momentous action
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Speaker 1: of heredity. A writer of equal importance with Buckle was
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Speaker 1: John Addington Simmonds eighteen forty to eighteen ninety three, whose
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Speaker 1: Renaissance in Italy is a work of great literary merits,
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Speaker 1: and whose translation of Cellini's autobiography has superseded Roscoe's passing
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Speaker 1: from historic Italy to Germany. We may note that the
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Speaker 1: Holy Roman Empire of James Bryce eighteen thirty eight onwards
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Speaker 1: created quite a ferral as a prize essay at Oxford,
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Speaker 1: and in its in large shape forms the only English
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Speaker 1: sketch of German history of great literary merit. Mister Bryce
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Speaker 1: was some years ago announced to write a history of
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Speaker 1: Germany of more formidable dimensions, but the glamour of parliamentary
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Speaker 1: life and a seat in the cabinet have robbed us
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Speaker 1: of a capable historian. Although we are without satisfactory German history,
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Speaker 1: we possess two very solid contributions to such a work.
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Speaker 1: With one of these Carlyle's Frederick. The second I shall
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Speaker 1: deal later. The other is Sir John Robert Seeley eighteen
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Speaker 1: thirty four to eighteen ninety five, Life and Times of
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Speaker 1: Stein or Germany and Prussia in a Napoleon. When this
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Speaker 1: work appeared, it was received with high commendation in Germany,
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Speaker 1: but in England with the qualification that it had none
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Speaker 1: of the literary charm of the author's earlier efforts. To
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Speaker 1: such criticism, Professor Seely, he received the professorship of Modern
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Speaker 1: History at Cambridge on Kings's resignation in eighteen sixty nine,
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Speaker 1: replied in a series of papers entitled History and Politics,
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Speaker 1: wherein he practically contended that it was the business of
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Speaker 1: historians to be dull, and that brilliant history writing was,
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Speaker 1: as a matter of fact, little other than fiction. Still,
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Speaker 1: in his lectures on the Expansion of England eighteen eighty
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Speaker 1: three and A Short History of Napoleon eighteen eighty six,
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Speaker 1: he succeeded in making himself entirely interesting. The books which
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Speaker 1: gave Sir John Seeley his greatest fame. He received a
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Speaker 1: knighthood in eighteen ninety three were, not, however, historical, but
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Speaker 1: in a sense theological, and with him we find ourselves
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Speaker 1: in the midst of the great religious controversies of the reign.
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Speaker 1: Eke Homo, a survey of the life and work of
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Speaker 1: Jesus Christ, was published anonymously in eighteen sixty five. While
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Speaker 1: censured on many sides on account of its alleged heterodoxy,
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Speaker 1: it drew from opponent's unstinted admiration on account of its
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Speaker 1: perfect literary workmanship. One of these opponents was mister Gladstone,
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Speaker 1: who ventured the prophecy that the author would at a
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Speaker 1: later period write something from a more orthodox standpoint. This
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Speaker 1: prediction was not verified, for in eighteen eighty two a
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Speaker 1: further work Natural Religion by the author of Eco Homo
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Speaker 1: showed still less sympathy with the supernatural side of religion.
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Speaker 1: Mister Gladstone, who flung himself into this, as into so
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Speaker 1: many other controversies, has a fame quite apart from any
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Speaker 1: literary achievement. But whatever posterity may say of his influence
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Speaker 1: on the destinies of the nation which he has helped
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Speaker 1: for so many years to rule, it is certain that
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Speaker 1: his powers as an author would have made the reputation
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Speaker 1: of a man of less versatility eighteen o nine Onward
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Speaker 1: William Ewett Gladstone, the son of a Lancashire merchant, was
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Speaker 1: born at Liverpool. Into his political career, it is not
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Speaker 1: my province to enter. His first literary work, The State
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Speaker 1: in its Relations with the Church, was made famous through
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Speaker 1: a review by mcaulay. Later in life, he indulged in
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Speaker 1: theological controversy, publishing an essay on ritualism and the Vatican Decrees.
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Speaker 1: Mister Gladstone's chief work is, however, his Studies in Homer,
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Speaker 1: in which he argues for the unity of the poem,
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Speaker 1: for the foundation in fact of its main incidents, and
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Speaker 1: for the definite personality of the author. His contributions to
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Speaker 1: periodical literature have been innumerable, and only a few, and
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Speaker 1: those non controversial and non classical have been re published
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Speaker 1: in his five volumes of Gleanings. Mister Gladstone's chief opponent
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Speaker 1: in theological controversy, Cardinal Newman, has profoundly influenced his religious views.
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Speaker 1: In my opinion, wrote mister Gladstone, many years after Newman
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Speaker 1: had become a Roman Catholic. His secession from the Church
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Speaker 1: of England has never yet been estimated among us at
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Speaker 1: anything like the full amount of its calamitous importance. It
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Speaker 1: has been said that the world does not know its
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Speaker 1: greatest men. Neither I will add, is it aware of
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Speaker 1: the power and weight carried by the words and acts
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Speaker 1: of those among its greatest men whom it does know.
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Speaker 1: The ecclesiastical historian will perhaps hereafter judge that this secession
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Speaker 1: was a much greater event, even than the partial secession
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Speaker 1: of John Wesley, the only case of personal loss suffered
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Speaker 1: by the Church of England since the Reformation, which can
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Speaker 1: be at all compared with it in magnitude. On one
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Speaker 1: to eighteen ninety. John Henry Newman was born in London
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Speaker 1: and educated at a private school at Ealing and at
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Speaker 1: Trinity College, Oxford. Inclined at first to the liberal Christianity
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Speaker 1: which men like Wakely and Milman were furthering among churchmen.
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Speaker 1: He was, he said, rudely awakened by two great blows,
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Speaker 1: illness and bereavement, and he devoted himself to a lifelong
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Speaker 1: opposition to what he has called the great apostacy liberalism
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Speaker 1: in religion. My battle, he writes, was with liberalism. By liberalism,
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Speaker 1: I mean the anti dogmatic principle and its developments. From
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Speaker 1: eighteen twenty eight to eighteen forty three he held the
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Speaker 1: incumbency of Saint Mary's Church, Oxford, and the influence which
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Speaker 1: he then exerted was of the deepest moment for the
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Speaker 1: future of religious life in England. Who says Matthew Arnold, himself,
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Speaker 1: like his father before him, one of the leaders of
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Speaker 1: the movement which Newman has hated so intensely, Who God
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Speaker 1: resists the charm of that spiritual apparition gliding in the
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Speaker 1: dim afternoon light through the aisles of Saint Mary's, rising
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Speaker 1: into the pulpit, and then, in the most entrancing of voices,
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Speaker 1: breaking the silence with words and thoughts which were a
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Speaker 1: religious music, subtle, sweet mournful. I seem to hear him
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Speaker 1: still saying, after the fever of life, after wearinesses and sicknesses,
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Speaker 1: fightings and despondings, languor and fretfulness, struggling and succeeding, after
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Speaker 1: all the changes and chances of this troubled, unhealthy state,
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Speaker 1: at length comes death, at length, the white throne of God,
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Speaker 1: at length, the beatific vision. During these years at Saint Mary's,
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Speaker 1: what is called the Tractarian movement sprang to life, a movement,
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Speaker 1: as we have said, against broad Churchism. It was at
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Speaker 1: the beginning of the movement, on his way home from
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Speaker 1: Sicily in eighteen thirty three, whilst pondering over the difficulties
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Speaker 1: of the task he had undertaken, that Newman wrote the
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Speaker 1: hymn lead Kindly Light, which is now as popular in
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Speaker 1: the most advanced and liberalized churches as it can be
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Speaker 1: in those nearest to its author's religious standpoint. The tracts
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Speaker 1: for the Times whence Tractarians derived their name were written
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Speaker 1: by Newman, Harald Froud, Pucy, and others. Bishop Bloomfield said
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Speaker 1: that the whole movement was nothing but numonia. The writers argued,
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Speaker 1: now in short papers, now in elaborate treatises for the
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Speaker 1: divine mission of the Anglican Church. Not till Tract ninety
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Speaker 1: was reached did the alarm of the Protestant party manifest
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Speaker 1: itself in any practical form. In that tract Newman declared
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Speaker 1: that subscription to the thirty nine articles were not inconsistent
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Speaker 1: with the acceptance of Roman Catholic teaching on purgatory, on
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Speaker 1: the invocation of saints, and on the Mass. The Hebdomadal
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Speaker 1: Council of the university conduc the tract. Two years later,
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Speaker 1: Newman resigned his position at Saint Mary's and in eighteen
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Speaker 1: forty five formerly joined the Church of Rome. According to Disraeli,
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Speaker 1: Anglicanism reeled under the shock, and Dean Stanley remarked to
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Speaker 1: a friend that the fortunes of the English Church might
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Speaker 1: have been very different had Newman been able to read German.
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Speaker 1: In eighteen forty eight he was appointed head of the
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Speaker 1: Birmingham Oratory, and there he resided with one Shortbreaker's rector
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Speaker 1: of the Roman Catholic University of Dublin for nearly forty years.
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Speaker 1: In eighteen seventy nine he was created a cardinal, and
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Speaker 1: his visit to Rome and installation as a Prince of
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Speaker 1: the Sacred College excited much attention in England. Although by
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Speaker 1: temperament and inclination one of the least combative and most
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Speaker 1: retiring of men, Cardinal Newman found himself again and again
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Speaker 1: in the thick of the argumentative fray. At one time
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Speaker 1: he was involved in a libel action by an ex
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Speaker 1: priest and ultra Protestant LECs named Father Achille, and this
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Speaker 1: cost Newman and his friends twelve thousand pounds. At another time,
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Speaker 1: he was arguing with the foremost English statesman, mister Gladstone,
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Speaker 1: as to the probable loyalty of English Roman Catholics if
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Speaker 1: the papacy and the English government were brought into collision.
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Speaker 1: In one great controversy of his life, he was generally
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Speaker 1: admitted to have achieved a success, and this success is
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Speaker 1: associated with an enduring literary work, the autobiography, which he
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Speaker 1: calls his Apologia pro Vita sua. Reviewing Fraud's history of
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Speaker 1: England in McMillan's magazine January eighteen sixty four, Charles Kingsley
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Speaker 1: charged Newman with being careless about truth and with teaching
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Speaker 1: that cunning and not truth seeking, was the acceptable method
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Speaker 1: of the Roman Catholic clergy brought to Bay by Newman.
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Speaker 1: Kingsley contradicted himself in an amazing fashion, and even the
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Speaker 1: most enthusiastic Protestants were compelled to admit that the clever
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Speaker 1: novelist was no match for the trained dialectician. Missus Kingsley,
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Speaker 1: in her Charming Life of her Husband, practically admits that
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Speaker 1: he was worsted in the conflict, and j A. Frowd,
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Speaker 1: his brother in law, wrote, quote Kingsley entirely misunderstood Newman's character.
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Speaker 1: Newman's whole life had been a struggle for truth. He
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Speaker 1: had neglected his own interests, he had never thought of
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Speaker 1: them at all. He had brought to bear a most
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Speaker 1: powerful and subtle intellect to support the convictions of a
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Speaker 1: conscience which was superstitiously sensitive. His single object had been
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Speaker 1: to discover what were the real relations between man and
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Speaker 1: his maker, and to shape his own conduct. By the
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Speaker 1: conclusions at which he arrived. To represent such a person
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Speaker 1: as careless of truth was neither generous nor even reasonable
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Speaker 1: end quote. The final outcome of the controversy was a
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Speaker 1: publication of Apologia, a work which, alike in beauty of
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Speaker 1: style and devotion of spirit, must be assigned a very
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Speaker 1: high place in religious literature. My space is too limited
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Speaker 1: to pass in review, or even to name the thirty
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Speaker 1: six volumes which contain the writings of this eloquent preacher
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Speaker 1: and teacher. His Dream of Dourontius and verses on various
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Speaker 1: occasions show his high qualities as a poet. His Apologia
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Speaker 1: Callista and Essays in aid of the Grammar of Assent
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Speaker 1: display his genius as a prose stylist. In Callista, a
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Speaker 1: sketch of the third century. He pictures a beautiful Greek
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Speaker 1: girl who becomes a convert to Christianity after a severe
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Speaker 1: struggle between human affection and religious faith. The Grammar of
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Speaker 1: Assent is an apology for Christianity, far above the narrow
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Speaker 1: controversies in which the author took to so distinguished a part.
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Speaker 1: The question whether Cardinal Newman or Carlyle has been the
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Speaker 1: most influential personality in Victorian literature will be largely decided
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Speaker 1: by the temperament of the critic. Mister Swinburne, looking at
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Speaker 1: them both from a standpoint of antagonism to the priestly
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Speaker 1: proclivities of the one and to the tyrannical proclivities of
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Speaker 1: the other, apostrophied them jointly in the well known lines quote,
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Speaker 1: with all our hearts we praise you whom ye hate,
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Speaker 1: high souls that hate us, for our hopes are higher
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Speaker 1: and higher than yours. The goal of our desire, though
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Speaker 1: high your ends be, as your hearts are great end quote.
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Speaker 1: Newman indeed left England more dominated by ritual than in
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Speaker 1: any other period of its history, the Roman Church more
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Speaker 1: powerful than ever before. The New High Church Party in
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Speaker 1: the establishment a great institution, with the rival prime ministers
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Speaker 1: Mister Gladstone and Lord Salisbury among its supporters, and a
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Speaker 1: taste for ritual conspicuous in the chapels of the nonconformists.
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Speaker 1: And yet with all this, Carlyle was a more dominant personality.
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Speaker 1: End of Chapter three, Part two,