Latest / Captivity of Nearly Three Years Among the Savages of Nootka Sound / 13 - Captivity of Nearly Three Years Among the Savages of Nootka Sound by John R. Jewitt
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- 0:00Speaker 1: Section thirteen of a Captivity of nearly three years among
- 0:05Speaker 1: the Savages of Nootka's Sound by John R. Jewett. This
- 0:09Speaker 1: LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Our situation had
- 0:15Speaker 1: now become unpleasant in the extreme. The summer was so
- 0:20Speaker 1: far advanced that we nearly despaired of a ship arriving
- 0:23Speaker 1: to our relief, and with that expectation, almost relinquished the
- 0:28Speaker 1: hope of ever having it in our power to quit
- 0:32Speaker 1: this savage land. We were treated, too, with less indulgence
- 0:37Speaker 1: than before, both Thompson and myself being obliged, in addition
- 0:41Speaker 1: to our other employments, to perform the laborious task of
- 0:46Speaker 1: cutting and collecting fuel, which we had to bring on
- 0:49Speaker 1: our shoulders from nearly three miles distance, as it consisted
- 0:54Speaker 1: wholly of dry trees, all of which near the village
- 0:58Speaker 1: had been consumed. To add to this, we suffered much
- 1:02Speaker 1: abuse from the common people, who, when Makina or some
- 1:06Speaker 1: of the chiefs were not present, would insult us, calling
- 1:10Speaker 1: us wretched slaves, asking us where was our tayee or captain,
- 1:15Speaker 1: making gestures signifying that his head had been cut off,
- 1:19Speaker 1: and that they would do the like to us. Though
- 1:22Speaker 1: they generally took good care at such times to keep
- 1:26Speaker 1: well out of Thompson's reach, as they had more than
- 1:29Speaker 1: once experienced, to their cost, the strength of his fist.
- 1:34Speaker 1: This conduct was not only provoking and grating to our
- 1:38Speaker 1: feelings in the highest degree, but it convinced us of
- 1:42Speaker 1: the ill disposition of these savages towards us, and rendered
- 1:46Speaker 1: us fearful lest they might, at some time or other
- 1:50Speaker 1: persuade or force Makina and the chiefs to put us
- 1:54Speaker 1: to death. We were also often brought to great distress
- 1:58Speaker 1: for the want of provisions, so far as to be
- 2:02Speaker 1: reduced to collect a scanty supply of mussels and limpets
- 2:06Speaker 1: from the rocks, and sometimes even compelled to part with
- 2:10Speaker 1: some of our most necessary articles of clothing in order
- 2:14Speaker 1: to purchase food for our subsistence. This was, however, principally
- 2:19Speaker 1: owing to the inhabitants themselves experiencing a great scarcity of
- 2:24Speaker 1: provisions this season, there having been, in the first place,
- 2:29Speaker 1: but very few salmon caught at Friendly Cove, a most
- 2:32Speaker 1: unusual circumstance, as they generally abound there in the spring,
- 2:38Speaker 1: which was by the natives attributed to their having been
- 2:41Speaker 1: driven away by the blood of our men who had
- 2:45Speaker 1: been thrown into the sea, which with true savage inconsistency,
- 2:50Speaker 1: excited their murmurs against Makina, who had proposed cutting off
- 2:54Speaker 1: our ship. Relying on this supply, they had, in the
- 2:58Speaker 1: most inconsiderate manner, squandered away their winter's stock of provisions,
- 3:04Speaker 1: so that in a few days after their return it
- 3:07Speaker 1: was entirely expended. Nor were the King and the chiefs
- 3:12Speaker 1: much more fortunate in their whaling, even after I had
- 3:15Speaker 1: furnished Makina with the improved weapon for that purpose. But
- 3:20Speaker 1: four whales having been taken during the season which closes
- 3:24Speaker 1: the last of May, including one that had been struck
- 3:27Speaker 1: by Makina and escaped, and was afterwards driven on shore
- 3:31Speaker 1: about six miles from Nootka, in almost a state of putridity.
- 3:37Speaker 1: These afforded but a short supply to a population, including
- 3:41Speaker 1: all ages and sexes, of no less than fifteen hundred persons,
- 3:46Speaker 1: and of a character so very improvident, that, after feasting
- 3:51Speaker 1: most gluttonously whenever a whale was caught, they were, several
- 3:55Speaker 1: times for a week together reduced to the necessity of
- 3:59Speaker 1: eating once a day, and of collecting cockles and mussels
- 4:03Speaker 1: from the rocks for their food, and even after the
- 4:07Speaker 1: cod and halibut fishing commenced in June, in which they
- 4:11Speaker 1: met with tolerable success. Such was the savage caprice of Makina,
- 4:17Speaker 1: that he would often give us but little to eat,
- 4:20Speaker 1: finally ordering us to buy a canoe and fishing implements
- 4:24Speaker 1: and go out ourselves and fish, or we should have
- 4:28Speaker 1: nothing to do. This, we were compelled to part with
- 4:31Speaker 1: our greatcoats, which were not only important to us as garments,
- 4:36Speaker 1: but of which we made our beds, spreading them under
- 4:39Speaker 1: us when we slept from our want of skill. However,
- 4:42Speaker 1: in this new employ we met with no success on
- 4:46Speaker 1: discovering which Makina ordered us to remain at home. Another thing,
- 4:52Speaker 1: which to me in particular proved an almost constant source
- 4:57Speaker 1: of vexation and disgust, and which living among them, had
- 5:01Speaker 1: not in the least reconciled me, too, was their extreme filthiness,
- 5:07Speaker 1: not only in eating fish, especially the whale, when in
- 5:11Speaker 1: a state of offensive putridity, but while at their meals,
- 5:16Speaker 1: of making a practice of taking the vermin from their
- 5:19Speaker 1: heads or clothes and eating them by turns, thrusting their
- 5:23Speaker 1: fingers into their hair, and into the dish, and spreading
- 5:28Speaker 1: their garments over the tubs in which the provision was cooking,
- 5:32Speaker 1: in order to set in motion their inhabitants. Fortunately for Thompson,
- 5:38Speaker 1: he regarded this much less than myself, and when I
- 5:42Speaker 1: used to point out to him any instance of their
- 5:44Speaker 1: filthiness in this respect, he would laugh and reply, never mind, John,
- 5:51Speaker 1: the more good things, the better. I must. However, do
- 5:54Speaker 1: Makina the justice to state that he was much neaer,
- 5:58Speaker 1: both in his person and eating, than were the others,
- 6:02Speaker 1: as was likewise his queen, owing no doubt to his
- 6:06Speaker 1: intercourse with foreigners, which had given him ideas of cleanliness.
- 6:11Speaker 1: For I never saw either of them eat any of
- 6:14Speaker 1: these animals, but on the contrary, they appeared not much
- 6:18Speaker 1: to relish this taste in others. Their garments also were
- 6:22Speaker 1: much cleaner, Makina having been accustomed to give his away
- 6:26Speaker 1: when they became soiled, till after he discovered that Thompson
- 6:31Speaker 1: and myself kept ours clean by washing them, when he
- 6:35Speaker 1: used to make Thompson do the same for him. Yet,
- 6:38Speaker 1: amidst this state of endurance and disappointment, in hearing repeatedly
- 6:43Speaker 1: of the arrival of ships at the north and south,
- 6:46Speaker 1: most of which proved to be idle reports. While expectation
- 6:51Speaker 1: was almost wearied out in looking for them, we did
- 6:54Speaker 1: not wholly despond relying on the mercy of the Supreme
- 6:58Speaker 1: Being to offer up to whom our devotions on the
- 7:02Speaker 1: days appointed for his worship was our chief consolation and support.
- 7:08Speaker 1: Though we were sometimes obliged by our task masters to
- 7:12Speaker 1: infringe upon the sabbath, which was to me a source
- 7:15Speaker 1: of much regret, we were nevertheless treated at times with
- 7:21Speaker 1: much kindness by Makina, who would give us a plenty
- 7:24Speaker 1: of the best that he had to eat, and occasionally
- 7:27Speaker 1: some small present of cloth for a garment, promising me
- 7:31Speaker 1: that if any ship should arrive within a hundred miles
- 7:34Speaker 1: of Nootka, he would send a canoe with a letter
- 7:37Speaker 1: from me to the captain, so that he might come
- 7:40Speaker 1: to our release. These flattering promises and marks of attention were, however,
- 7:46Speaker 1: at those times when he thought himself in personal danger
- 7:50Speaker 1: from a mutinous spirit, which the scarcity of provisions had
- 7:54Speaker 1: excited among the natives, who, like true savages, imputed all
- 7:59Speaker 1: their public calamities of whatever kind to the misconduct of
- 8:04Speaker 1: their chief, or when he was apprehensive of an attack
- 8:08Speaker 1: from some of the other tribes, who were irritated with
- 8:11Speaker 1: him for cutting off the Boston as it had prevented
- 8:15Speaker 1: ships from coming to trade with them, and were constantly
- 8:19Speaker 1: alarming him with idle stories of vessels that were preparing
- 8:22Speaker 1: to come against him and exterminate both him and his people.
- 8:28Speaker 1: At such times, he made us keep guard over him
- 8:31Speaker 1: both night and day, armed with cutlasses and pistols, being
- 8:35Speaker 1: apparently afraid to trust any of his own men. At
- 8:39Speaker 1: one time it was a general revolt of his people
- 8:42Speaker 1: that he apprehended. Then three of his principal chiefs, among
- 8:46Speaker 1: whom was his elder brother, had conspired to take away
- 8:50Speaker 1: his life, and at length he fancied that a small
- 8:54Speaker 1: party of Klauquots, between whom and the Nookians little friendship subsisted,
- 9:00Speaker 1: had come to Nootka under a pretensive trade for the
- 9:04Speaker 1: sole purpose of murdering him and his family, telling us,
- 9:09Speaker 1: probably to sharpen our vigilance, that their intention was to
- 9:13Speaker 1: kill us. Likewise, and so strongly were his fears excited
- 9:18Speaker 1: on this occasion that he not only ordered us to
- 9:21Speaker 1: keep near him armed by day whenever he went out,
- 9:26Speaker 1: and to patrol at night before his house while they remained,
- 9:30Speaker 1: but to continue the same guard for three days after
- 9:34Speaker 1: they were gone, and to fire at one and at
- 9:37Speaker 1: four in the morning one of the great guns, to
- 9:40Speaker 1: let them know, if, as he suspected, they were lurking
- 9:44Speaker 1: in the neighborhood, that he was on his guard. While
- 9:49Speaker 1: he was thus favorably disposed toward us, I took an
- 9:52Speaker 1: opportunity to inform him of the ill treatment that we
- 9:56Speaker 1: frequently received from his people, and the insults that were
- 10:01Speaker 1: offered us by some of the stranger tribes in calling
- 10:04Speaker 1: us white slaves and loading us with other opprobrious terms.
- 10:09Speaker 1: He was much displeased, and said that his subjects should
- 10:12Speaker 1: not be allowed to treat us ill, and that if
- 10:15Speaker 1: any of the strangers did it, he wished us to
- 10:18Speaker 1: punish the offenders with death, at the same time directing
- 10:22Speaker 1: us for our security to go constantly armed. This permission
- 10:27Speaker 1: was soon improved by Thompson to the best advantage. For
- 10:31Speaker 1: a few days, after having gone to the pond to
- 10:34Speaker 1: wash some of our clothes and blanket for Makina, several
- 10:39Speaker 1: Wiccaninnish who were then at Nootka, came thither, and, seeing
- 10:42Speaker 1: him washing the clothes and the blankets spread upon the
- 10:46Speaker 1: grass to dry. They began, according to custom, to insult him,
- 10:51Speaker 1: and one of them, bolder than the others, walked over
- 10:55Speaker 1: the blanket. Thompson was highly incensed and threatened the Indian
- 10:59Speaker 1: with d death if he repeated the offense, But he,
- 11:03Speaker 1: in contempt of the threat, trampled upon the blanket. When
- 11:08Speaker 1: drawing his cutlass without further ceremony, Thompson cut off his head,
- 11:14Speaker 1: on seeing which the others ran off at full speed.
- 11:18Speaker 1: Thompson bent, gathering up the clothes and blanket on which
- 11:22Speaker 1: were the marks of the Indian's dirty feet, and taking
- 11:26Speaker 1: with him the head. Returned and informed the king of
- 11:29Speaker 1: what had passed, who was much pleased and highly commended
- 11:34Speaker 1: his conduct. This had a favorable effect for us, not
- 11:39Speaker 1: only on the stranger tribes, but the inhabitants themselves, who
- 11:44Speaker 1: treated us afterwards with less disrespect. In the latter part
- 11:49Speaker 1: of July, Makina informed me that he was going to
- 11:53Speaker 1: war with the ae Charts, a tribe about fifty miles
- 11:57Speaker 1: to the south, on account of some controversy that had
- 12:01Speaker 1: arisen the preceding summer, and that I must make a
- 12:04Speaker 1: number of daggers for his men. And cheek toolfs for
- 12:08Speaker 1: his chiefs, which, having completed, he wished me to make
- 12:12Speaker 1: for his own use a weapon of quite a different
- 12:15Speaker 1: form in order to dispatch his enemy by one blow
- 12:19Speaker 1: on the head. It being the calculation of these nations
- 12:22Speaker 1: on going to war, to surprise their adversaries while asleep.
- 12:27Speaker 1: This was a steel dagger, or, more properly, a spike
- 12:32Speaker 1: of about six inches long, made very sharp, set at
- 12:37Speaker 1: right angles in an iron handle of fifteen inches long,
- 12:41Speaker 1: terminating at the lower end in a crook or turn,
- 12:45Speaker 1: so as to prevent its being wrenched from the hand,
- 12:49Speaker 1: and at the upper in a round knob or head,
- 12:53Speaker 1: from whence the spike protruded. This instrument I polished highly,
- 12:58Speaker 1: and the more to please Makina, formed on the back
- 13:01Speaker 1: of the knob the resemblance of a man's head, with
- 13:05Speaker 1: the mouth open, substituting for eyes black beads, which I
- 13:10Speaker 1: fastened in with red sealing wax. This pleased him much,
- 13:14Speaker 1: and was greatly admired by his chiefs, who wanted me
- 13:18Speaker 1: to make similar ones for them, But Makina would not
- 13:22Speaker 1: suffer it, reserving for himself alone this weapon. When these
- 13:27Speaker 1: people have finally determined on war. They make it an
- 13:31Speaker 1: invariable practice for three or four weeks prior to the
- 13:34Speaker 1: expedition to go into the water five or six times
- 13:39Speaker 1: a day, when they wash and scrub themselves from head
- 13:42Speaker 1: to foot with bushes intermixed with briars, so that their
- 13:46Speaker 1: bodies and faces will often be entirely covered with blood.
- 13:52Speaker 1: During this severe exercise, they are continually exclaiming wokash quahouts
- 13:58Speaker 1: tichame a weal wik etish tao ilf kar sab matemas
- 14:05Speaker 1: wiksish to hawk matamas e yaish ka shittel ah, smooth
- 14:10Speaker 1: tish war rich matemas, which signifies good or great God.
- 14:16Speaker 1: Let me live, not be sick, find the enemy, not
- 14:20Speaker 1: fear him, find him asleep, and kill a great many
- 14:24Speaker 1: of them. During the whole of this period they have
- 14:28Speaker 1: no intercourse with their women, and for a week before
- 14:32Speaker 1: setting out abstained from feasting or any kind of merriment,
- 14:36Speaker 1: appearing thoughtful, gloomy and morose, and for the three last
- 14:42Speaker 1: days are almost constantly in the water, both by day
- 14:46Speaker 1: and night, scrubbing and lacerating themselves in a terrible manner.
- 14:52Speaker 1: Makina having informed Thompson and myself that he should take
- 14:56Speaker 1: us with him. Was very solicitous that we should bathe
- 14:59Speaker 1: and scrub ourselves in the same way with them, telling
- 15:03Speaker 1: me that it would harden our skins so that the
- 15:06Speaker 1: weapons of the enemy would not pierce them. But as
- 15:10Speaker 1: we felt no great inclination to amuse ourselves in this manner,
- 15:14Speaker 1: we declined it. The expedition consisted of forty canoes, carrying
- 15:20Speaker 1: from ten to twenty men each. Thompson and myself armed
- 15:24Speaker 1: ourselves with cutlasses and pistols, but the natives, although they
- 15:29Speaker 1: had a plenty of European arms, took with them only
- 15:33Speaker 1: their daggers and cheetolths, with a few bows and arrows,
- 15:37Speaker 1: the latter being about a yard in length and pointed
- 15:40Speaker 1: with copper musselshell or bone. The bows are four feet
- 15:45Speaker 1: and a half long, with strings made of whale sinew.
- 15:50Speaker 1: To go to a ech chart, we ascended from twenty
- 15:54Speaker 1: to thirty miles a river about the size of that
- 15:57Speaker 1: of Tassis, the banks of which are high and covered
- 16:00Speaker 1: with wood. At midnight we came in sight of the village,
- 16:05Speaker 1: which was situated on the west bank near the shore,
- 16:09Speaker 1: on a steep hill, difficult of access and well calculated
- 16:13Speaker 1: for defense. It consisted of fifteen or sixteen houses, smaller
- 16:19Speaker 1: than those at Nootka and built in the same style,
- 16:23Speaker 1: but compactly placed by Mackina's directions. The attack was deferred
- 16:28Speaker 1: until the first appearance of dawn, as he said, that
- 16:32Speaker 1: was the time when men slept the soundest at length,
- 16:36Speaker 1: all being ready for the attack, we landed with the
- 16:39Speaker 1: greatest silence, and going around so as to come upon
- 16:43Speaker 1: the foe in the rear, clambered up the hill, and
- 16:47Speaker 1: while the natives, as is their custom, entered the several huts,
- 16:51Speaker 1: creeping on all fours, my comrade and myself stationed ourselves
- 16:56Speaker 1: without to intercept those who should attempt to escape or
- 17:00Speaker 1: come to the aid of their friends. I wished, if possible,
- 17:04Speaker 1: not to stain my hands in the blood of any
- 17:07Speaker 1: fellow creature. And though Thompson would gladly have put to
- 17:11Speaker 1: death all the savages in the country, he was too
- 17:14Speaker 1: brave to think of attacking a sleeping enemy. Having entered
- 17:19Speaker 1: the houses on the war whoop being given by Makina,
- 17:23Speaker 1: as he seized the head of the chief and gave
- 17:26Speaker 1: him the fatal blow, all proceeded to the work of death.
- 17:30Speaker 1: The a e charts being thus surprised, were unable to
- 17:34Speaker 1: make resistance, and, with the exception of a very few
- 17:38Speaker 1: who were so fortunate as to make their escape, were
- 17:41Speaker 1: all killed or taken prisoners on condition of becoming slaves
- 17:46Speaker 1: to their captors. I had the good fortune to take
- 17:50Speaker 1: four captives, whom Makina, as a favor, permitted me to
- 17:54Speaker 1: consider as mine and occasionally employ them in fishing for me.
- 17:59Speaker 1: As for Tom Sumpson, who thirsted for revenge, he had
- 18:03Speaker 1: no wish to take any prisoners, but with his cutlass,
- 18:07Speaker 1: the only weapon he would employ against them, succeeded in
- 18:11Speaker 1: killing seven stout fellows who came to attack him, an
- 18:16Speaker 1: act which obtained him great credit with Makina and the chiefs,
- 18:21Speaker 1: who after this held him in much higher estimation and
- 18:25Speaker 1: gave him the appellation of chi Il Sumahar, it being
- 18:30Speaker 1: the name of a very celebrated warrior of their nation
- 18:33Speaker 1: in ancient times, whose exploits were the constant theme of
- 18:37Speaker 1: their praise. After having put to death all the old
- 18:41Speaker 1: and infirm of either sex, as is the barbarous practice
- 18:45Speaker 1: of these people, and destroyed the buildings, we re embarked
- 18:50Speaker 1: with our booty in our canoes for Noutka where we
- 18:53Speaker 1: were received with great demonstrations of joy by the women
- 18:57Speaker 1: and children, accompanying our war Whi song with a most
- 19:01Speaker 1: furious drumming on the houses. The next day a great
- 19:05Speaker 1: feast was given by Makina in celebration of his victory,
- 19:09Speaker 1: which was terminated, as usual, with a dance by Satsatsaksis.
- 19:14Speaker 1: Repeated applications had been made to Makina by a number
- 19:18Speaker 1: of kings or chiefs to purchase me, especially after he
- 19:23Speaker 1: had showed them the harpoon I had made for him,
- 19:26Speaker 1: which he took much pride in, but he constantly refused
- 19:31Speaker 1: to part with me on any terms. Among these, the
- 19:34Speaker 1: king of the Wiccaninish was particularly solicitous to obtain me,
- 19:39Speaker 1: having twice applied to Makina for that purpose, once in
- 19:43Speaker 1: a very formal manner, by sending his messenger with four canoes, who,
- 19:48Speaker 1: as he approached the shore, decorated in their highest style,
- 19:53Speaker 1: with a white down on his head, et cetera, declared
- 19:57Speaker 1: that he came to buy to a Johannus, the name
- 20:00Speaker 1: by which I was known to them, for his master,
- 20:04Speaker 1: and that he had brought for that purpose four young
- 20:07Speaker 1: male slaves, two highly ornamented canoes, such a number of
- 20:12Speaker 1: the skins of medamelth and of the court loch or
- 20:15Speaker 1: sea otter, and so many fathoms of cloth and ewah.
- 20:20Speaker 1: While as he mentioned the different articles, they were pointed
- 20:23Speaker 1: out or held up by his attendants. But even this
- 20:27Speaker 1: tempting offer had no influence on Makina, who, in the
- 20:31Speaker 1: latter part of the summer was again very strongly urged
- 20:35Speaker 1: to sell me by Ulatilla, or as he is generally called,
- 20:39Speaker 1: machi Ulatilla, chief of the Claitzarts, who had come to
- 20:43Speaker 1: Nootka on a visit. This chief, who could speak tolerable English,
- 20:49Speaker 1: had much more the appearance of a civilized man than
- 20:52Speaker 1: any of the savages that I saw. He appeared to
- 20:56Speaker 1: be about thirty, was rather small in his person, but
- 21:00Speaker 1: extremely well formed, with a skin almost as fair as
- 21:04Speaker 1: that of an European, good features, and a countenance expressive
- 21:10Speaker 1: of candor and amiableness, and which was almost always brightened
- 21:15Speaker 1: with a smile. He was much nearer, both in his
- 21:19Speaker 1: dress and person than any of the other chiefs, seldom
- 21:23Speaker 1: wearing paint except upon his eyebrows, which, after the custom
- 21:27Speaker 1: of his country, were plucked out, and a few strips
- 21:31Speaker 1: of the pelpeth on the lower part of his face.
- 21:35Speaker 1: He always treated me with much kindness, was fond of
- 21:39Speaker 1: conversing with me in English and in his own language,
- 21:42Speaker 1: asking me many questions relative to my country, its manners, customs,
- 21:48Speaker 1: et cetera, and appeared to take a strong interest in
- 21:51Speaker 1: my fate, telling me that if he could persuade Makina
- 21:55Speaker 1: to part with me, he would put me on board
- 21:58Speaker 1: the first ship that came to his country, a promise
- 22:02Speaker 1: which from his subsequent conduct I have good reason to
- 22:05Speaker 1: think he would have performed as my deliverance at length
- 22:09Speaker 1: from captivity and suffering, was under the favor of divine Providence,
- 22:14Speaker 1: wholly owing to him the only letter that ever reached
- 22:18Speaker 1: an European or American vessel, out of sixteen that I
- 22:23Speaker 1: wrote at different times and sent to various parts of
- 22:26Speaker 1: the coast, having been delivered by him in person. So
- 22:31Speaker 1: much pleased was I with this man's behavior to me
- 22:34Speaker 1: while at Nutka, that I made for him a cheat
- 22:37Speaker 1: tooolf which I burnished highly and engraved with figures. With
- 22:42Speaker 1: this he was greatly delighted. I also would have made
- 22:46Speaker 1: for him a harpoon. Would Makina have consented with hearts
- 22:51Speaker 1: full of dejection and almost lost to hope. No ship
- 22:56Speaker 1: having appeared off Nootkah this season, did my my companion
- 23:00Speaker 1: and myself accompanied the tribe on their removal in September
- 23:05Speaker 1: to TASiS, relinquishing in consequence for six months, even the
- 23:10Speaker 1: remotest expectation of relief and of Section thirteen