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Accidental Discoveries You're Probably Never Heard Of · Be Amazed

0:00
[SPEAKER_00]: The world can be full of wonderful surprises.
0:03
[SPEAKER_00]: I mean just yesterday, I discovered a slice of pizza down the side of my couch.
0:10
[SPEAKER_00]: But that's nothing compared to digging up an ancient rock, only to find a power plug built into it.
0:18
[SPEAKER_00]: or discovering some super saucy ancient relic on a very serious dig site.
0:24
[SPEAKER_00]: With that said, it's time to take a look at a few weird accidental discoveries in the stories behind some everyday innovations that you probably never even heard of.
0:46
[SPEAKER_00]: In nineteen ninety eight electrical engineer John Williams went on hiking in the mountain wilderness in rural North America.
0:53
[SPEAKER_00]: He was hoping to simply enjoy the scenery, but instead he discovered something that took his breath away.
0:59
[SPEAKER_00]: And I'm not talking about the altitude.
1:02
[SPEAKER_00]: After digging up an oddly shaped rock from the ground, Williams was shocked to see that a three-pin electrical connector was embedded in it.
1:11
[SPEAKER_00]: Curious, he tried to pull the plug out of the rock, sort of like a modern-day version of King Arthur pulling a sword from a stone, but unlike Arthur's sword, the electrical connector wouldn't budge.
1:22
[SPEAKER_00]: So was this mysterious object artificially manufactured?
1:26
[SPEAKER_00]: Apparently not.
1:28
[SPEAKER_00]: Williams claimed that the rock wasn't found near any human settlement, so though he also didn't disclose the exact location.
1:36
[SPEAKER_00]: Apparently, afraid the side might be plundered by artifact hunters.
1:40
[SPEAKER_00]: then led some skeptics to conclude that this accidental discovery was just a hoax.
1:47
[SPEAKER_00]: However, researchers who've examined the strange device known as the Williams enigma lift say otherwise.
1:54
[SPEAKER_00]: Apparently, the rock is composed of granite quartz and felt spar, and doesn't contain any binding agents, ruling out the possibility that it was artificially manufactured.
2:05
[SPEAKER_00]: Also, the metal-like material making up the pants is not, in fact, any kind of identifiable metal.
2:11
[SPEAKER_00]: And according to Williams, the rock is at least one hundred thousand years old, meaning it can have been created by humans.
2:19
[SPEAKER_00]: If our understanding of mankind's technological development is correct.
2:24
[SPEAKER_00]: Offers of up to five hundred thousand dollars have been made for the device, but Williams refused to sell.
2:31
[SPEAKER_00]: Crazy as that seems, it's because he believes the artifact belongs to an advanced ancient civilization, or even an extraterrestrial race.
2:41
[SPEAKER_00]: Could it have been part of a UFO or was it some sort of ancient rock shaped plug-in diffuser?
2:49
[SPEAKER_00]: Now a few hundred years before John Williams is freaky-fined.
2:53
[SPEAKER_00]: Back in the seventeenth century, a feverish man suffering from malaria was staggering through the Indian force of South America.
3:02
[SPEAKER_00]: The Paris City Confection was a difficult one to endure, and so desperate for a drink he'd go from a pool of stagnant water at the base of a tree.
3:11
[SPEAKER_00]: Any survival expert will tell you drinking stagnant jungle water is a very bad idea, as it's a breeding ground for dangerous waterborne pathogens.
3:21
[SPEAKER_00]: Although he quench his thirst, the man soon experienced a horrible bitter taste in his mouth.
3:27
[SPEAKER_00]: He immediately feared that it had made his illness even worse.
3:31
[SPEAKER_00]: Yet to his amazement, the malaria subsided, and soon after he was able to find his way home and share his miraculous story.
3:38
[SPEAKER_00]: fictional as this may sound it turns out that the bark of the Kina Kina tree contains kinene, a compound that has anti-malarial properties.
3:48
[SPEAKER_00]: Any guess where this tree is found?
3:51
[SPEAKER_00]: That's right, only in the Indian Forest of South America.
3:56
[SPEAKER_00]: Clearly the tail spread, in the sixteenth forties the Kina Kina Bark was introduced to Europe for medical use.
4:03
[SPEAKER_00]: Sounds like good news, right?
4:05
[SPEAKER_00]: Well not for everyone.
4:07
[SPEAKER_00]: As the magical effects of Kineen became more and more well known, everyone was after some of the good stuff.
4:16
[SPEAKER_00]: Whether it was King Louis XIV of Brands, King Charles II of England, or even the countless number of soldiers from European countries who were colonizing lands where malaria was rife.
4:28
[SPEAKER_00]: And while Keenan helped keep hundreds of thousands of Europeans alive, they had meant that countries in Africa Asia and South America became more easily colonized.
4:38
[SPEAKER_00]: Yikes!
4:40
[SPEAKER_00]: To make matters even worse for the anti-in people, it also resulted in the devastation of their Kena Kena trees.
4:48
[SPEAKER_00]: In H&O V explorers documented twenty-five thousand of these trees in the Ecuadorian Andes today, they're just twenty-nine.
4:57
[SPEAKER_00]: While there's one discovery that might have been better left undiscovered,
5:03
[SPEAKER_00]: Now you might already know that some deep sea creatures, insects, algae, and even fungi can glow in the dark thanks to a feature caught by aluminum essence.
5:14
[SPEAKER_00]: While they're all hypnotic to watch an action, you've probably never seen photos or footage of a glow in the dark mammal.
5:22
[SPEAKER_00]: It was believed all mammals simply lacked the ability to glow in any way, until very recently.
5:29
[SPEAKER_00]: Back in twenty seventeen John Martin, a four street professor at Northland College, Wisconsin, was wandering around the woods at night, trying to find out whether certain likens, fungi, and plants would grow under an ultraviolet flashlight.
5:43
[SPEAKER_00]: Whilst forging amongst the undergrowth, Martin heard a rustling above him, so he pointed his flashlight at it and was stunned to see a pink, glowing squirrel staring back at him.
5:55
[SPEAKER_00]: and is supremely unexpected to us, John had discovered that some mammals could be biofluorescent.
6:02
[SPEAKER_00]: But this fluky-fied led fellow professors at Northland College to do a bit of exploring themselves.
6:08
[SPEAKER_00]: What they saw left them gobsmacked.
6:12
[SPEAKER_00]: They shown an ultraviolet flashlight on an old platypus specimen of theirs to see if that too glowed and shockingly it did.
6:20
[SPEAKER_00]: This time with a blueish green hue, and that wasn't all.
6:24
[SPEAKER_00]: Words soon spread to other zoos and museums who went around all their exhibits and found that bats, Tasmanian devils, wal bats, and many more also glowed.
6:35
[SPEAKER_00]: So why do some mammals turn into shiny Pokémon under a UV light?
6:40
[SPEAKER_00]: Bioflorescent animals have fur, skin that absorbs the short wavelength ultraviolet light and remits it at a longer wavelength, making it visible to humans.
6:51
[SPEAKER_00]: It's still not entirely clear why some mammals have this fancy trait.
6:56
[SPEAKER_00]: One theory is that their neon glow can help squirrels and platypus recognize each other in low-light situations.
7:02
[SPEAKER_00]: Another is that the light emitted may be enough to scare off any predators lurking in the dark.
7:08
[SPEAKER_00]: Currently, it's a mystery, but who knows, perhaps their true calling has to become living nightlights.
7:14
[SPEAKER_00]: If you dig up your backyard, you might discover some broken plant pods, or maybe if you're lucky, some old coins.
7:21
[SPEAKER_00]: However, one man from Pombal in Portugal found something slightly, uh, bigger, back in twenty seventeen.
7:29
[SPEAKER_00]: While doing some construction on his property, he noticed bone fragments poking out from the earth.
7:35
[SPEAKER_00]: But before we start getting too nervous, don't worry.
7:38
[SPEAKER_00]: He hadn't stumbled across some cursed ancient burial site.
7:42
[SPEAKER_00]: It was actually the fossilized remains of a dinosaur.
7:46
[SPEAKER_00]: The skeleton was found in upper Jurassic sedimentary rock, suggesting that it was a whopping one hundred and fifty million years old.
7:56
[SPEAKER_00]: Excavators continued to unearth more remains with the size of the bone suggesting the dinosaur was around forty feet high and eighty feet long.
8:04
[SPEAKER_00]: Just for reference, that's around the same size as an adult blue whale, the largest living animal in the world.
8:13
[SPEAKER_00]: Paleontologists believe that this sizeable skeleton belongs to the brachia soar it's soar apart, a gigantic herbivores dinosaur with a wildly long neck and tail.
8:24
[SPEAKER_00]: In fact, this yard fossil is so large, it's believed to be the biggest dinosaur found in Europe.
8:29
[SPEAKER_00]: For good Jurassic Park, this is Jurassic Yard.
8:34
[SPEAKER_00]: Anyone who struggles would see sickness will tell you that even the slightest rocking motion of a boat is enough to make them rich.
8:41
[SPEAKER_00]: But nausea isn't the only problem that swang ocean waves can cause.
8:46
[SPEAKER_00]: In nineteen forty-three Richard James was working on finding a device that could keep sensitive ship equipment steady at sea.
8:53
[SPEAKER_00]: Eventually he came up with the idea of suspending the items with springs.
8:58
[SPEAKER_00]: But after James inadvertently drowned one of the springs on the floor, he stumbled across an even better idea.
9:05
[SPEAKER_00]: When the spring fell to the ground, it walked and over and, like a metal worm.
9:11
[SPEAKER_00]: excitedly James returned home and told his wife about his discovery.
9:15
[SPEAKER_00]: She scoured the dictionary looking for the perfect name to call the new twirlike invention.
9:22
[SPEAKER_00]: In the end, the couple decided on the name, you'll probably recognize.
9:26
[SPEAKER_00]: Slinky.
9:27
[SPEAKER_00]: And it's safe to say that their accidental discovery was a success.
9:32
[SPEAKER_00]: More than three hundred and sixty million Slinky toys had been sold since they hit the shops in nineteen forty-five.
9:40
[SPEAKER_00]: But apparently the benefits of this fluky find weren't enough for Richard.
9:44
[SPEAKER_00]: In nineteen sixty he left the slinky firm and his family to join a religious cult in Bolivia.
9:50
[SPEAKER_00]: Guess you could say he's slinked away.
9:53
[SPEAKER_00]: Yeah, I'll see myself out.
9:55
[SPEAKER_00]: There's nothing worse than moldy food, right?
9:58
[SPEAKER_00]: What crazy as it sounds sometimes it pays off to leave your food out overnight, just as the Kellogg Brothers.
10:06
[SPEAKER_00]: The siblings who were two of America's first wellness gurus attempted to make a fresh batch of granola using wheat berries one day in eighteen ninety-eight.
10:16
[SPEAKER_00]: But after they went off to bed for getting to put away their wheat-based cereal dough, they came downstairs the next morning to find that their mixture had fermented.
10:23
[SPEAKER_00]: And that may sound like a quick way to get abdominal ache, but fermenting grains like wheat actually helps to make it more digestible.
10:33
[SPEAKER_00]: So when the dough was rolled into thin sheets and cooked, it produced perfectly thin crispy flakes.
10:39
[SPEAKER_00]: Eventually, Will Kellogg figured out that corn rather than weight produced even crunchier crispy flakes.
10:45
[SPEAKER_00]: And eight years later, Will opened the Battle Creek toasted cornflake company, creating the first batch of Kellogg's corn flakes.
10:55
[SPEAKER_00]: Since then, you could say this series has been pretty popular.
10:59
[SPEAKER_00]: Today, the Kellogg's company is worth an eye watering, twenty-four point eight billion dollars, and sells around thirty-one point seven million boxes of cornflakes alone every year.
11:11
[SPEAKER_00]: Pretty astonishing to think such big numbers were born out of an accidental dough mixture.
11:16
[SPEAKER_00]: Hmm, maybe I should check my kitchen counter for anything that might be, preventing there.
11:22
[SPEAKER_00]: Could we grow, but it could be the next cornflakes.
11:25
[SPEAKER_00]: Only time, and cockroaches will tell.
11:29
[SPEAKER_00]: Even after the invention of lighters, there's a chance that you'll find a good old fashioned box of matches somewhere in your house.
11:36
[SPEAKER_00]: But as useful and popular as these little stakes are, they didn't start off as an intentional design.
11:42
[SPEAKER_00]: In a teen twenty-six, English chemist John Walker was working with phosphorus, antimony, sulfide, and potassium chlorate.
11:50
[SPEAKER_00]: For those of us that don't speak chemistry, that's basically a lot of stuff you don't want to mess with.
11:57
[SPEAKER_00]: It's believe Walker was dangerously meddling with these compounds to make percussion caps for gods.
12:03
[SPEAKER_00]: But after steering them mixture together, he was left with a small blob at the tip of his plant.
12:09
[SPEAKER_00]: And attempt to remove the residue, Walker swiped it against his fireplace.
12:13
[SPEAKER_00]: At that moment, the plant lit up with a flame.
12:18
[SPEAKER_00]: And just like that, he'd created the first friction-based matchstick.
12:22
[SPEAKER_00]: That's a fluke.
12:24
[SPEAKER_00]: Over the next few months Walker perfected the mixture in one year later, he began to sell his invention known then as friction lights.
12:32
[SPEAKER_00]: Yet for reasons unknown Walker never patented his invention.
12:36
[SPEAKER_00]: Unsurprisingly, other inventors were quick to jump on his idea and created their own friction-based matches.
12:43
[SPEAKER_00]: And now around five hundred billion are used every year in the US alone.
12:48
[SPEAKER_00]: Who knew that chemicals and fire were a match made in heaven.
12:54
[SPEAKER_00]: Back in September, twenty-twenty-two, fishermen off the coast of Devon England were looking to catch Lobsters through an alternative.
13:00
[SPEAKER_00]: I'll be at Bright Method.
13:03
[SPEAKER_00]: Instead of putting bait in expensive lobster pots, they use small underwater potlights.
13:09
[SPEAKER_00]: The idea was that the lighted bait could outline the lobster pot as potential shelter, or that the crustacean would be attracted to the light.
13:17
[SPEAKER_00]: To the fishermen's amazement potlights proved to be a huge hit, but not with lobsters, with scallops.
13:24
[SPEAKER_00]: Usually the fishermen would catch around five scallops out of thirty-five thousand pots.
13:30
[SPEAKER_00]: And with the addition of the LED lights, there were around fifteen scallops for every fifty pods.
13:36
[SPEAKER_00]: That's a fifteen hundred fold increase.
13:39
[SPEAKER_00]: Scientists are still trying to uncover the reason why scallops are attracted to these little lights.
13:44
[SPEAKER_00]: I mean, they don't even have eyes.
13:46
[SPEAKER_00]: Or do they?
13:48
[SPEAKER_00]: It turns out scallops have not one, not two, but um, two hundred eyes, all lining the mantle of their shell.
13:56
[SPEAKER_00]: Although they don't work like RIs, they are able to detect prey by picking them out in the glow of the light.
14:03
[SPEAKER_00]: And scientists believe it's for this reason that these guys just can't resist that little patch of light, like moss to a flame, or more accurately scallops to an LED.
14:14
[SPEAKER_00]: And it's just as well, the traditional method of catching delicious scouts is by dredging.
14:19
[SPEAKER_00]: Now scallop dredges rely on heavy duty metal frame nets which are pulled over the seabed digging into it, flipping scallops out of the sand and into the nets.
14:29
[SPEAKER_00]: But this catching method causes irreparable damage to the seabed, taking up to ten years for the ecosystems to recover from dredging.
14:38
[SPEAKER_00]: But with the discovery of scallop discos, there's hope that we'll soon see a decrease in the sketching technique.
14:44
[SPEAKER_00]: I think that cause for a party.
14:47
[SPEAKER_00]: September eleventh, two thousand one was a dark day for America.
14:52
[SPEAKER_00]: In attack on the World Trade Center destroyed the Twin Towers, and almost three thousand people lost their lives.
14:59
[SPEAKER_00]: But out of the tragedy, a construction crew at Ground Zero made an incredible discovery that saw from the loss ever so slightly.
15:08
[SPEAKER_00]: and two thousand ten digging began for the vehicular security center, an underground parking complex for the one world trade center.
15:16
[SPEAKER_00]: As they dug deeper and deeper, the workers uncovered a historic gem.
15:22
[SPEAKER_00]: around twenty feet underground where the remains of a large ship's hull, measuring thirty feet long.
15:28
[SPEAKER_00]: After gathering samples of wood from what would have been the hull, scientists used dendrochronological dating, which is the method of dating tree rings to work out that the ship was built in a Philadelphia shipyard around seventeen seventy-three.
15:44
[SPEAKER_00]: No one knows for sure what the backstory of this ship is, or how it came to rest at such a profound point in New York.
15:51
[SPEAKER_00]: At the moment, the best gases that it's a Hudson River slew.
15:56
[SPEAKER_00]: This was a vessel designed by Dutch settlers in the U.S.
15:59
[SPEAKER_00]: to carry passengers in cargo over shallow, rocky water, like the Hudson River that runs through New York.
16:06
[SPEAKER_00]: But the real question is, how did a ship end up buried twenty feet below ground?
16:11
[SPEAKER_00]: After being in use for around twenty years, the ships believed to have sailed to Lower Manhattan, where it was eventually sunk, either deliberately, or by accident.
16:23
[SPEAKER_00]: Sadly, the vessel didn't have a great send-off, and was likely buried by trash and other film materials to extend Manhattan's shoreline.
16:31
[SPEAKER_00]: Thankfully, this lucky discovery has seen the ship gain a slightly better resting place at the New York State Museum.
16:38
[SPEAKER_00]: Around four hundred and fifteen million people in the world have diabetes, with many relying on a simple, insulin injection to live their lives as normally as possible.
16:49
[SPEAKER_00]: But without a bizarre discovery, this remedy may never have been identified.
16:53
[SPEAKER_00]: Then, eighteen eighty-nine two doctors from the University of Strasbourg and France were trying to understand how the pancreas affected digestion.
17:02
[SPEAKER_00]: To do this, they removed the pancreas from a healthy dog.
17:06
[SPEAKER_00]: The results didn't help them discover much about digestion.
17:09
[SPEAKER_00]: Clearly, they were barking up the wrong tree.
17:13
[SPEAKER_00]: However, they did notice one strange quirk.
17:16
[SPEAKER_00]: A few days after the pancreas was removed, flies were swarming around the dog's urine, something abnormal and unexpected had happened.
17:26
[SPEAKER_00]: After testing, the doctors realized that the dog was secreting sugar in its urine, a symptom of diabetes.
17:34
[SPEAKER_00]: The doctors knew that removing the pancreas had caused the previously healthy dog to become diabetic.
17:40
[SPEAKER_00]: With more tests, they concluded that a healthy pancreas must secrete a substance that controls sugar levels in the body.
17:47
[SPEAKER_00]: The two doctors were never able to isolate that mysterious substance.
17:51
[SPEAKER_00]: However, thanks to their accidental discovery, Frederick G. Banting in John J. R. McCloud of the University of Toronto were successfully able to make a major scientific breakthrough.
18:03
[SPEAKER_00]: In the nineteen twenties they identified that insulin was key to maintaining blood sugar levels.
18:09
[SPEAKER_00]: The chemical primarily produced by the pancreas.
18:13
[SPEAKER_00]: And it's just as well.
18:14
[SPEAKER_00]: Before insulin was discovered the most effective treatment for people with diabetes was to lower their carbohydrate and overall calorie intake.
18:23
[SPEAKER_00]: This resulted in some diabetics only consuming four hundred and fifty calories a day, with many succumbing to starvation.
18:32
[SPEAKER_00]: Fortunately, the common insulin injection treatment of today is a much better solution.
18:37
[SPEAKER_00]: Bless that pancreasless popper.
18:39
[SPEAKER_00]: A lot of this dream of one day finding a hoard of lost treasure or secret gold may be buried underground or hidden in an ancient chest.
18:48
[SPEAKER_00]: Let back in nineteen eighty-two, my men secure a thirteen-year-old sponge diver from Turkey, got to live out that dream.
18:56
[SPEAKER_00]: Although it was a pretty wet one,
18:59
[SPEAKER_00]: My med had been diving for sponges off the eastern shore of Ula Voran.
19:03
[SPEAKER_00]: When down in the depths of the deep blue water, he spotted something strange.
19:10
[SPEAKER_00]: It was a pile of wood looked like, and I quote, metal biscuits with ears.
19:16
[SPEAKER_00]: He quickly rushed to the short and formed a local nautical archaeology department who sent out an inspection team.
19:23
[SPEAKER_00]: What my padded discovered was a stack of old metal ingots, one of huge historical value.
19:30
[SPEAKER_00]: But when they dive down and finally set eyes on the side, my med and uncovered, they were astonished.
19:37
[SPEAKER_00]: It wasn't just some ancient treasure, but the cargo of an age old shipwreck.
19:43
[SPEAKER_00]: It took ten years and more than twenty-two thousand total dives for the archaeologists to complete the excavation.
19:49
[SPEAKER_00]: But their findings made it all worth it.
19:52
[SPEAKER_00]: What my man had led them to was the Luburin shipwreck, a late Bronze Age ship which had sailed all the way back in the fourteen-century BC.
20:01
[SPEAKER_00]: That's some three thousand five hundred years ago.
20:06
[SPEAKER_00]: It's likely that the ship was carrying trade goods from either a Cypriot or Cyropalistinian port to Messinian Greece.
20:13
[SPEAKER_00]: Due to its proximity to the shoreline, archaeologists presume that heavy winds caused the ship to venture into shallow waters and collide with the rocky headland.
20:23
[SPEAKER_00]: The stricken fifty-two foot vessel was carrying a hefty twenty tons of cargo, with half of it being taken up by Cypher at Copper.
20:32
[SPEAKER_00]: Among the more exotic objects on board were elephant tus toward her shell's ostrich eggshells hand, get this, hippopotamus teeth.
20:41
[SPEAKER_00]: Although it may sound like the ship's crew got in a scuffle with the locals too, it's likely that these curious animal items were used for things like vases and containers.
20:51
[SPEAKER_00]: All in all this ship-requ provided one of the most spectacular late Bronze Age assemblages to ever be discovered.
20:58
[SPEAKER_00]: And to think, it may have been forever confined to the sea bed.
21:02
[SPEAKER_00]: If a thirteen-year-old hadn't been out searching for sponges.
21:06
[SPEAKER_00]: Back in nineteen sixty three a Turkish man decided to make a few renovations to his house.
21:11
[SPEAKER_00]: But after knocking down a wall in his basement he was less staring at a hole.
21:16
[SPEAKER_00]: A hole that shouldn't have been there.
21:18
[SPEAKER_00]: Behind the wall was a secret room with a long winding tunnel leading down beneath the property.
21:24
[SPEAKER_00]: I mean that sounds like free real estate.
21:27
[SPEAKER_00]: Jackpot.
21:28
[SPEAKER_00]: So as you'd expect he explored his new man cave.
21:32
[SPEAKER_00]: but turns out this wasn't just a house extension.
21:35
[SPEAKER_00]: Nope, as he descended he realized the true nature of his accidental find.
21:40
[SPEAKER_00]: He'd somehow uncovered the ancient underground city of Darren Kuhu.
21:45
[SPEAKER_00]: The city was initially dug around three thousand years ago, but it didn't fully form until the Byzantine era, from the eighth to twelfth century.
21:54
[SPEAKER_00]: It was during this period that the Arab-Byazantine wars occurred.
21:58
[SPEAKER_00]: Dressions used therein coup-u is protection from Muslim Arabs.
22:03
[SPEAKER_00]: Sort of like a giant bonker.
22:06
[SPEAKER_00]: Clearly, it was a hit with the cave expanding downwards to a hundred and seventy nine feet.
22:11
[SPEAKER_00]: That's about twenty five stories.
22:13
[SPEAKER_00]: It was so large that the city's population reached twenty thousand at one point.
22:19
[SPEAKER_00]: and it's no surprise considering all the amenities available, from schools to chapels and even a winery.
22:26
[SPEAKER_00]: But don't book your flights to Turkey just yet.
22:30
[SPEAKER_00]: In the nineteen twenty's Darren Koo saw its last inhabitants leave the underground city.
22:35
[SPEAKER_00]: Exactly fifty years after this bizarre basement discovery, construction workers were demolishing housing around never share castle just eighteen miles north of Darren Koo you.
22:45
[SPEAKER_00]: And bizarrely emerging from the rubble was yet another underground city.
22:51
[SPEAKER_00]: Like a Darren Koo you persecuted Christians had developed an underground city here to flee from Muslim Arabs during the Arab Byzantine era.
22:59
[SPEAKER_00]: This secret bad came equipped with a twelve-century rock carved church, or stables and hundreds of personal items like tobacco pipes.
23:07
[SPEAKER_00]: Incredibly, the sign under the never-share castle is rumored to be the last underground city in the world, stretching some five million square feet and reaching depths of three hundred and seventy feet deep.
23:19
[SPEAKER_00]: If I didn't know better, I think the population of Turkey was made up of moles.
23:25
[SPEAKER_00]: Thanks for listening to the podcast.
23:27
[SPEAKER_00]: We'll see you again next time.
23:28
[SPEAKER_00]: You'll want to be amazed.