Latest / Reformed Thinking / Faith | C. S. Lewis
Transcript
- 0:00Welcome to Reformed thinking. We are glad you're here with us
- 0:03as we open up our stack of sources today to look at the
- 0:06world through a distinctively theological lens.
- 0:09And today we are turning our attention to the 8th
- 0:12Commandment. That's right, Exodus 20 verse
- 0:1315. You shall not steal.
- 0:16It's short, it's direct. It is.
- 0:18And I think for a lot of people, maybe even for us before we
- 0:21started digging into these materials, this commandment
- 0:24feels a little bit simple. You know, it's the kind of thing
- 0:27you teach a toddler in the nursery so they don't take
- 0:29another kids toy or it's a law for the prison cell for people
- 0:33robbing banks. It just feels very basic.
- 0:36It does often get relegated to that nursery or prison cell
- 0:39category. We tend to think, you know,
- 0:42well, I've never held up a liquor store and I don't
- 0:44shoplift, so I can safely check this box.
- 0:47Right, move on to the harder stuff.
- 0:49Exactly. Move on to the spiritual issues
- 0:51that feel harder to grasp, but the sources we're looking at
- 0:54today specifically from plunder to Providence and from fees to
- 0:58givers, they argue that this is a massive theological mistake,
- 1:02mistake. They argue that if we really
- 1:05drill down into this one commandment, it acts as a kind
- 1:08of barometer for our entire worldview.
- 1:11The phrase that jumped out at me from the reading was functional
- 1:13atheism. That is a heavy charge to lay at
- 1:16the feet of someone who maybe just fudges an expense report.
- 1:20But the the thesis here is that the 8th commandment exposes
- 1:23whether we actually trust in Providence or if we are in fact
- 1:26acting like God doesn't exist. That is the absolute core of it.
- 1:30We're on a mission today to move past that surface level.
- 1:33Don't rob banks understanding. We need to see the comprehensive
- 1:37view of God's ownership, the what the source is called, the
- 1:41heart roots of greed, and the remedy found only in union with
- 1:45Christ. So let's start with that
- 1:46theological foundation. The sources call this the anchor
- 1:49question. What do we have to believe about
- 1:51God to even begin to understand why stealing is truly wrong?
- 1:54Right, because if we just think it's wrong because it's mean or
- 1:57illegal. We're missing the point.
- 1:59We're totally missing the point. The foundation isn't sociology,
- 2:02it's theology, and we have to start with Psalm 24.1.
- 2:06The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof.
- 2:09That one verse changes everything about how we view our
- 2:11stuff. It means that private property,
- 2:14in a biblical sense is not absolute ownership, it's
- 2:18stewardship. So I don't actually own my car
- 2:21or my house in the final ultimate sense.
- 2:24I'm just holding it in trust for the real owner.
- 2:26Precisely. It's delegated to you by the
- 2:29creator. So when theft occurs, it's not
- 2:33just a social transgression against your neighbor's estate,
- 2:36it is a brazen assault on God's sovereignty.
- 2:39You're messing with what the master has distributed.
- 2:41You are. And this is where that concept
- 2:44of the idol of autonomy comes right in.
- 2:46The thief is essentially asserting that they are the
- 2:49ultimate arbiter of ownership. I get to decide who has what.
- 2:52I know better. Yeah.
- 2:53And that brings us right back to that functional atheism idea.
- 2:56Right. Unpack that for us.
- 2:58How is stealing an act of practical atheism?
- 3:01Well, think about what you're actually saying.
- 3:02When you steal, you're implicitly declaring one of two
- 3:06things about God. Either he's blind to your needs,
- 3:08he doesn't know you need this thing, or he's unjust in his
- 3:13provision. He knew you needed it, but for
- 3:15some reason failed to give it to you.
- 3:17So the thief looks at his own lack and his neighbor's
- 3:20abundance and concludes God got it wrong.
- 3:24God messed up, so he has to step in, play God, and redistribute
- 3:29creation according to his own lusts rather than according to
- 3:32God's law. That's terrifying when you put
- 3:34it that way. It's realizing that my desire to
- 3:36just take something is actually a vote of no confidence in God.
- 3:40It is, and this connects directly to the Westminster
- 3:42Confession of Faith, chapter 5 on Providence.
- 3:45Providence teaches that God governs all things from the
- 3:47greatest to the least. When we steal, we are actively
- 3:51rejecting that governance. We're saying we don't like his
- 3:54plan. We're saying we have a better
- 3:55one. The thief wants the end, the
- 3:57provision, the money, the object without the means that God is
- 4:01ordained. Which is honest.
- 4:03Labor, which is honest, diligent labor.
- 4:05The source material made a really interesting comparison
- 4:07here to the prosperity gospel. We usually think of that as, you
- 4:11know, the TV preacher telling you to send money to get rich.
- 4:15But the text argues that theft and the prosperity gospel are
- 4:18two sides of the same bad coin. They are.
- 4:21The prosperity gospel treats God like a cosmic vending machine
- 4:25you manipulate to get what you want.
- 4:27You put in your faith feed and get a blessing back.
- 4:29Right. And the thief, on the other
- 4:31hand, treats God as an obstacle to be circumvented.
- 4:35In both cases, the person refuses to submit to God's wise
- 4:38decree. They refuse to wait on God's
- 4:41timing. So true contentment.
- 4:43True contentment is the systematic opposite of theft,
- 4:46because it rests in the assurance that the Father knows
- 4:48what we need before we even ask. OK, so that's that's the
- 4:51theological stage. It's all about ownership and
- 4:54Providence. But I want to get into the nitty
- 4:56gritty of the text itself. The sources go into a bit of a
- 4:59Hebrew lexical analysis regarding the word for steel.
- 5:03Yeah, this is fascinating stuff. In Hebrew there are different
- 5:05words for taking things. You have gazelle.
- 5:07Gazelle, which generally denotes robbery by open force or
- 5:11violence. Think of a mugging on the
- 5:14street. Right.
- 5:15Overt and violent. But the word used in the eighth
- 5:17commandment in Exodus 20.15 is ganav.
- 5:21And Ganav is different. How so?
- 5:23Very different. Ganav implies stealth,
- 5:26deception, secrecy, manipulation.
- 5:29It's the act of the manipulator who is operating in the shadows.
- 5:32So if the commandment specifically uses Ganav, it's
- 5:36targeting the guy who thinks he's getting away with it
- 5:38because nobody sees them. You are spot on.
- 5:40It targets the white collar fraudster.
- 5:42The embezzlement, the person cooking the books just as much,
- 5:46if not more than the highway bandit.
- 5:48It's a crime of deception. And while we're looking at the
- 5:50context, the sources bring up the Ancient Near East,
- 5:53specifically the Code of Hammurabi.
- 5:55Yes, the Babylonian law code. The contrast is stark.
- 5:58If you look at Hammurabi, property offenses could actually
- 6:01result in the death penalty. Wait, so if I stole a sheep in
- 6:03ancient Babylon I could be executed for it?
- 6:05You could. In that system, material goods
- 6:08were elevated to the level of human life.
- 6:10But the Mosaic law is very, very different.
- 6:14In Exodus 21 and 22, the Bible prescribes restitution.
- 6:19You know, paying back double or even fourfold for theft.
- 6:22But not death. It reserves the death penalty
- 6:24for things like kidnapping or murder.
- 6:26So that establishes a clear hierarchy of values.
- 6:30It does. The Bible elevates the imago
- 6:32dei, the image of God in human life far above material goods.
- 6:37You don't kill a man for stealing ATV.
- 6:39But, and this is a key point you raised, it's still strictly
- 6:41upholds justice. Oh, absolutely.
- 6:43You can't just say sorry. You have to restore what you
- 6:46consume. You have to make it right.
- 6:48We are definitely going to get to that restitution part later
- 6:50because that is a huge piece of this puzzle.
- 6:53But before we fix the problem, we have to understand where it
- 6:55comes from. The sources talk about the heart
- 6:57roots of theft. It's not just that my hand
- 7:00reaches out and takes something. Something happens inside me
- 7:02first. Theft is always worship gone
- 7:04wrong. Always.
- 7:06We have to look at the internal causes, and the first route the
- 7:09text identifies is, unsurprisingly, covetousness.
- 7:13Which connects the 8th commandment directly to the
- 7:1610th. Exactly.
- 7:17You shall not covet Micah. Chapter 2 verse 2 makes this
- 7:21connection explicitly. It says they covet fields and
- 7:24seize them. The coveting happens in the
- 7:26heart. And then the seizing happens
- 7:28with the hand. The source material notes that
- 7:30when covetousness takes over, the conscience becomes a lawyer.
- 7:34I love that image. The conscience becomes a lawyer.
- 7:37It starts inventing excuses. I need this.
- 7:40It's not fair that they have it and I don't.
- 7:42I'm actually owed this, right? This is justice for me.
- 7:45Yeah, and that leads right into the second room.
- 7:47Unbelief and anxiety. This goes all the way back to
- 7:50Jesus teaching in Matthew 6. Do not be anxious about
- 7:53tomorrow, right? Theft so often arises when that
- 7:56little voice of fear whispers you will not have enough.
- 8:00It's a refusal to wait for God's provision in due season.
- 8:03We panic and we grab. Then there's the third route,
- 8:06which I think stings a little for a lot of us in the modern
- 8:09world. Sloth and entitlement.
- 8:11This one hits close to home. It's the refusal to labor.
- 8:14As a sub creator we are made to work to create value, but sloth
- 8:18wants the reward without the effort.
- 8:20And entitlement then baptizes that theft as justice.
- 8:23It does. We convince ourselves I am owed
- 8:26this lifestyle or I am owed this recognition.
- 8:29The text has something brilliant here.
- 8:31Shortcuts have a theology. Shortcuts have a theology.
- 8:34OK, what does that mean? It means that when we take a
- 8:36shortcut, cheating, stealing, cutting corners at work, we are
- 8:41declaring A theological belief. We're making a statement.
- 8:44We are declaring the God's appointed paths, which usually
- 8:46involve diligence and patience and hard work, are too slow or
- 8:50too hard. We're saying I know a better,
- 8:52faster way than God does. And that slides right into the
- 8:554th and final route. Idolatry.
- 8:58Colossians 3.5 Greed is idolatry, full stop.
- 9:02We're assigning to created things money, status, security,
- 9:07the weight that belongs only to God.
- 9:08You think if I just had that then I would be safe, then I
- 9:12would be significant? And because we think it will
- 9:14save us, we're willing to send to get it.
- 9:16And that is the very definition of a false God.
- 9:19So we have the theology, we have the grammar, and we have the
- 9:22heart motivations. Now I want to pivot to the
- 9:24modern application because I suspect most people listening
- 9:27right now are still thinking OK, but I really don't steal.
- 9:30Yes. The sources, however, are about
- 9:32to make us all very, very uncomfortable.
- 9:35They talk about respectable sins.
- 9:37We have to talk about the digital age.
- 9:39Technology has made theft frictionless, has sanitized the
- 9:44ACT. You're not smashing a window,
- 9:46you're just clicking a mouse. Intellectual property.
- 9:48That's the big one, isn't it? Downloading pirated movies,
- 9:51Music software. It is, and there's a massive
- 9:54cognitive dissonance here. You have Christians who would
- 9:57never, ever dream of walking into a store and shoplifting a
- 10:00candy bar. No way.
- 10:02Yet they feel absolutely no guilt about pirating $100 piece
- 10:06of software or a new movie. So why is that?
- 10:08Is it just because we can't see the victim?
- 10:10It feels abstract. That's part of it, but
- 10:13theologically it's a direct violation of First Timothy 5
- 10:15point O date. The laborer is worthy of his
- 10:18wages. Yeah, when you pirate content,
- 10:21you are depriving the worker, the artist, the coder, the
- 10:24writer of their just wages. You're enjoying the fruit of
- 10:27their labor without participating in the exchange.
- 10:29God ordained for that labor. Precisely.
- 10:32And then there's workplace theft.
- 10:34This cuts both ways. Let's talk about the employee
- 10:37side first. The sources mentioned quiet
- 10:39quitting. Which has become a huge.
- 10:41Buzzword it has, but it's really just a new name for the old sin
- 10:44of sloth. When you sign an employment
- 10:47contract, you are making a covenant.
- 10:49You're exchanging your time and your ability for wages.
- 10:52OK, if you then spend those covenanted hours scrolling
- 10:56social media or just giving 1/2 hearted effort while accepting
- 10:59your full wages, that is a form of fact.
- 11:02You're taking money for work you didn't actually do.
- 11:04Colossians 3.23 comes to mind. Work heartily As for the Lord,
- 11:09not for men. That's the standard, but we have
- 11:11to look at the employer side too.
- 11:13James 5 verse 4 is absolutely blistering on this.
- 11:16It condemns the withholding of wages.
- 11:18This is something we see a lot in the gig economy.
- 11:21For example, delaying payment, manipulating overtime,
- 11:24misclassifying workers so you don't have to pay benefits.
- 11:26And is using a position of power to shift cost onto the
- 11:29vulnerable. That is theft.
- 11:31It's stealing from the very people you were supposed to be
- 11:33leading and caring for. The sources also bring up
- 11:36financial sins, specifically debt.
- 11:40Psalm 37.21 The wicked borrows, but does not pay back.
- 11:46It's that blunt. It's that blunt borrowing
- 11:48without a realistic plan to repay is essentially funding a
- 11:52lifestyle with another person's resources.
- 11:56It's living a lie on someone else's dime.
- 11:58And in the business world, we have the concept of dishonest
- 12:02scales from Proverbs 11.1 right? Which today looks like hidden
- 12:06fees, confusing terms and conditions, bait and switch
- 12:09marketing tactics. It's selling chaff as wheat.
- 12:11As the profit Amos puts it. If your business model relies on
- 12:14your customer being confused or misled, you are.
- 12:18I'm sorry you're violating the 8th Commandment.
- 12:20There is one more application area that was really
- 12:22interesting, the ecclesiastical context, stealing from the
- 12:26Church. This is a delicate topic, but a
- 12:28necessary one. The sources rightly note the
- 12:30dispensational distinction. We're not under the Levitical
- 12:32pie. There's a civil mandate anymore.
- 12:34Right. It's not a tax.
- 12:35It's not. However, the New Testament
- 12:37standard of grace giving is actually a higher standard.
- 12:39It's more demanding. So what does stealing from the
- 12:42church look like then? It looks like consuming the
- 12:44spiritual care, the facilities, the preaching, the community of
- 12:48a local church without contributing to its sustenance.
- 12:52It's acting as a consumer, not as a covenant partner.
- 12:55It's expecting all the benefits of the community without sharing
- 12:58in the cost of that community. Yes, at its root, it's a failure
- 13:02of gratitude and a failure of stewardship.
- 13:05Now this brings us to a very reformed concept that helps
- 13:08frame all this the third use of the law.
- 13:10We've talked a lot about how we break the law, but how does the
- 13:13law actually help us as believers?
- 13:15This is so key. We need to clarify the uses of
- 13:17the law. The first use is like a mirror.
- 13:20It shows us our sin and our need for a Savior.
- 13:22It drives us to Christ. That's for the unbeliever or for
- 13:25us when we need to be humbled. Exactly.
- 13:28But the third use is specifically for the believer.
- 13:30It's the didactic use. It teaches us how to live a life
- 13:34that pleases God. WCF Chapter 9 times says the law
- 13:37directs the believer in the way of life.
- 13:39Right. So we don't refrain from
- 13:41stealing in order to be saved. We are framed as stealing
- 13:44because we are saved. And the Westminster Larger
- 13:46Catechism is so helpful here. Question 142 lists the sins
- 13:51forbidden which we've covered Fraud, false weights, usury.
- 13:55But then question 141 lists the duties required.
- 13:58Yes, and this is where the reformed view turns the negative
- 14:02command on its head and makes it a +1.
- 14:05It's not. Just don't steal.
- 14:06It's further the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and
- 14:10others. That is the paradigm shift.
- 14:12You are commanded not just to avoid harming your neighbor's
- 14:15livelihood, but to actively protect and promote it.
- 14:18So if you see your neighbor's property being damaged or their
- 14:21business is failing, you don't just say, well, I didn't 'cause
- 14:23that you. Actively try to help you have a
- 14:26positive duty. It guards against antinomianism,
- 14:29the idea that because we have grace, the law doesn't matter
- 14:32anymore. No, the third use, says Grace,
- 14:34empowers you to actually keep the law the way it was always
- 14:37intended. Precisely.
- 14:38It prevents us from using the glorious doctrine of grace as a
- 14:41license for financial irresponsibility or apathy.
- 14:44So if we've been listening to this and realized, oh, I have
- 14:47broken this commandment, whether through piracy or laziness at
- 14:51work or bad debt, what's the remedy?
- 14:54The sources are clear that it requires more than just
- 14:56stopping. It requires repentance and
- 14:58restitution. And true repentance is more than
- 15:01just feeling bad or getting caught.
- 15:03It bears fruit. The first fruit is confession
- 15:06meaning. Meaning we have to stop using
- 15:08euphemisms. We have to stop calling it
- 15:10borrowing when we have no intention of repaying.
- 15:13Stop calling it strategic default.
- 15:15We have to call it what God calls it, sin.
- 15:17And then after confession, comes restitution.
- 15:20This is the hard part for most people.
- 15:22It's the necessary part. We look at the principles in
- 15:25Leviticus 6 and Exodus 22. If you stole, you pay it back
- 15:28often of interest, but the New Testament example is even more
- 15:31powerful. Zacchaeus in Luke 19.
- 15:34I love the Zacchaeus story. He was a chief tax collector, a
- 15:37respectable thief. He was part of the system.
- 15:38As part of a systemic machine of theft.
- 15:41But when salvation came to his house, what was the immediate,
- 15:44tangible result? He says if I have defrauded
- 15:47anyone of anything, I restore it fourfold.
- 15:50He didn't just say a prayer. He opened his checkbook
- 15:53immediately and notice the order right?
- 15:57Restitution didn't earn his salvation.
- 16:00Right, Jesus had already said. Today, salvation has come to
- 16:03this House. Exactly.
- 16:04The restitution was the proof that salvation had already
- 16:07occurred. It flows from a genuinely
- 16:09changed heart. So practically today this means
- 16:13actually returning items, repaying money, correcting the
- 16:17fraud you committed. It has to be tangible.
- 16:19And it involves reformation. You have to cut off the
- 16:22opportunities for that sin in the future.
- 16:24Maybe me budget. You get an accountability
- 16:26partner. You learn the discipline of
- 16:27contentment. You have to actively disciple
- 16:29your desires. Now, we can't talk about any of
- 16:31this without getting to the absolute core of our faith.
- 16:34We have to talk about the gospel.
- 16:36The sources call this the Great Exchange.
- 16:38This is where we see Christ in the 8th commandment.
- 16:41We have to remember the scene of the crucifixion.
- 16:44Matthew 27.38 tells us Jesus was crucified between two robbers.
- 16:48He was numbered with the transgressors.
- 16:50Think about Baravis. He was a robber, an
- 16:52insurrectionist. He was guilty as sin.
- 16:55Jesus was perfectly innocent. And yet in the great exchange.
- 16:59The robber goes free and the innocent one is condemned.
- 17:03Christ paid the ultimate debt that the 8th Commandment
- 17:05demands, which is death. He stood in our place as the
- 17:09thief. And this leads to our union with
- 17:11Christ. If we are united with him, that
- 17:14completely changes the motivation for why we might
- 17:16steal. It has to the theological root
- 17:19of all theft is a scarcity mindset, the lie that I don't
- 17:23have enough. But in Christ, Ephesians 1.3
- 17:27says we possess every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places.
- 17:31The source text has a beautiful line here.
- 17:33A pauper steals, a Prince does not.
- 17:35If you realize you are a child of the king joint heir with
- 17:38Christ, stealing a few trinkets just doesn't make sense anymore
- 17:41it. Breaks the power of
- 17:42covetousness. Why would you steal pennies when
- 17:44you've inherited the entire Kingdom?
- 17:46And this brings us to that glorious verse in 2nd
- 17:48Corinthians 8.9. For you know the grace of our
- 17:51Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake
- 17:54he became poor. So that you, by his poverty,
- 17:57might become rich. That's the logic of grace.
- 18:00Christian generosity is just a reflex of the cross.
- 18:03We shift our whole life's question from how much can I get
- 18:06to how much can I give, because that's the pattern Jesus said
- 18:10for us. The sources wrap up this entire
- 18:12study by taking us to one specific verse that outlines
- 18:15this positive vision, Ephesians 4.28.
- 18:18The text calls this the Apostolic pattern.
- 18:21This verse is a master class in sanctification.
- 18:24It really breaks down into three parts. 1st the negative
- 18:27prohibition. But the one who steals steal no
- 18:30longer the Greek grammar. There mochety implies a
- 18:34definitive immediate break. Stop it now.
- 18:38But it doesn't just stop there with the negative, it moves to
- 18:41the positive replacement. Yes, but rather let him labor.
- 18:46The word there is copieto. It means to toil to the point of
- 18:48exhaustion, to work hard. The very hands that used to take
- 18:52must now become calloused in creating value.
- 18:53And finally, there's a goal. A Talos.
- 18:55Why should he do this? And this is the part we so often
- 18:58miss. So that he may have something to
- 19:00share with anyone in need. The goal is not just to stop
- 19:03stealing. It's not even just to get a job
- 19:04and accumulate private property for yourself.
- 19:06Which would be seen as a success by the world.
- 19:09Right. The goal is Meta de Dunai to
- 19:11share, to impart. So it completely reverses the
- 19:14direction of life. Sin is centripetal.
- 19:17It pulls everything inward to me.
- 19:19And grace is centrifugal and pushes everything outward to
- 19:22others, to the needy. The 8th commandment is only
- 19:25truly kept by an open hand, not just by an empty one.
- 19:28That's it. If you're just not stealing,
- 19:30you're only halfway there. You are called by God to become
- 19:33a generous giver. This has been such a dense and
- 19:37frankly convicting deep dive. As we close, the sources point
- 19:42us to the eschatological horizon.
- 19:44Where is all of this ultimately going?
- 19:47We look forward to the millennial Kingdom like a 4.4
- 19:50paints this beautiful picture of everyone sitting under their own
- 19:53vine and their own fig tree. It's the final sanctification of
- 19:56property rights. No one makes them afraid.
- 19:58And then the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21.
- 20:01Where the gates of the city are never shut.
- 20:03Why? Because there's no threat.
- 20:05There is no theft, there is no insecurity, there is total
- 20:07provision and total trust. So the sources leave us with a
- 20:11final charge. We are called to live now as
- 20:14citizens of that future city, to wage war against the idols of
- 20:18greed in our own hearts. And here's a provocative thought
- 20:21to leave you with as you go about your week, consider all
- 20:25the security systems in your life.
- 20:27The locks on your doors, the passwords on your accounts, the
- 20:30alarm system, all of it. They are all monuments to the
- 20:33Fall. They exist because sin exists
- 20:36because the 8th commandment is broken every single day.
- 20:39So imagine a life where your security is so deeply rooted in
- 20:43the Providence of God that your generosity actually looks
- 20:46reckless to the watching world. That's the challenge.
- 20:49That is the goal. Thank you for joining us on this
- 20:51deep dive into the 8th Commandment.
- 20:52We hope it challenges you to look at your life, your work,
- 20:55and your wallet a little differently this week indeed.
- 20:57Until next time, keep thinking.