Transcript

34 - Popular History of France from the Earliest Times by Francois Pierre Guillaume Guizot · Popular History of France from the Earliest Times

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Speaker 1: Section thirty four a Volume one, A Popular History of
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Speaker 1: France from the Earliest Times. This is a LibriVox recording.
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Speaker 1: All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
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Speaker 1: information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording
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Speaker 1: by Emily Joan Mars, Volume one of A Popular History
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Speaker 1: of France from the Earliest Times by Francois Ghiso, translated
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Speaker 1: by Robert Black, Chapter sixteen, The Crusades, Their Origin and
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Speaker 1: their Success, Part four. On returning to camp, Peter the
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Speaker 1: Hermit was about to set forth in detail before all
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Speaker 1: the people of the Crusaders the answer of Corboga, his pride,
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Speaker 1: his threats, and the pomp with which he was surrounded.
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Speaker 1: But Godfrey de Bouillon, fearing lest the multitude, already crushed
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Speaker 1: beneath the weight of their woes, should be stricken with
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Speaker 1: fresh terror, stopped Peter at the moment when he was
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Speaker 1: about to begin his speech, and, taking him aside, prevailed
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Speaker 1: upon him to tell the result of his mission in
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Speaker 1: a few words, just that the Turks desired battle, and
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Speaker 1: that it must be prepared for at once. Forthwith all,
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Speaker 1: from the highest to the lowest, testify the most eager
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Speaker 1: desire to measure swords with the infidels, and seemed to
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Speaker 1: have completely forgotten their miseries, and to calculate upon victory.
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Speaker 1: All resume their arms and get ready their horses, their breastplates,
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Speaker 1: their helmets, their shields, and their swords. It is publicly
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Speaker 1: announced throughout the city that the next morning, before sunrise,
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Speaker 1: every one will have to be in readiness and join
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Speaker 1: his host to follow faithfully the banner of his prince.
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Speaker 1: Next day, accordingly, the twenty eighth of June one thousand
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Speaker 1: ninety eight, the feast of Saint Peter and Saint Paul,
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Speaker 1: the whole Christian army issued from their camp, with a
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Speaker 1: portion of the clergy marching at the head and chanting
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Speaker 1: the sixty eighth psalm. Let God arise and let his
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Speaker 1: enemies be scattered. I saw these things, I who speak,
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Speaker 1: says one of the chroniclers, Reimond, a Gilles chaplain to
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Speaker 1: the Count of Toulouse. I was there, and I carried
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Speaker 1: the spear of the Lord. The Crusaders formed in twelve divisions,
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Speaker 1: and of all their great chiefs, the Count of Toulouse
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Speaker 1: alone was unable to assume the command of his He
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Speaker 1: was detained in Antioch by the consequences of a wound,
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Speaker 1: and he had the duty of keeping in check the
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Speaker 1: Turkish garrison. Still masters of the citadel, the Crusaders presented
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Speaker 1: the appearance of old troops, ill clad, ill provided, and
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Speaker 1: surmounting by sheer spirit the fatigues and last of a
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Speaker 1: long war. Many sick soldiers could scarcely march. Many barons
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Speaker 1: and knights were on foot, and Godfrey de Bouillon himself
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Speaker 1: had been obliged to borrow a horse from the Count
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Speaker 1: of Toulouse. During the march, a gentle rain refreshed souls
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Speaker 1: as well as bodies, and was regarded as a favor
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Speaker 1: from Heaven. Just as the battle was commencing, Corboga, struck
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Speaker 1: by the impassioned, stern and indomitable aspect of the Crusaders,
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Speaker 1: felt somewhat disquieted and made proposals. It is said to
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Speaker 1: the Christian princes of what he had refused them the
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Speaker 1: evening before a fight between some of their knights and
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Speaker 1: as many saracens, but they, in their turn rejected the proposition.
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Speaker 1: There is a moment during great struggles when the souls
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Speaker 1: of men are launched forth like bomb shells, which nothing
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Speaker 1: can stop or cause to recoil. The battle was long, stubborn,
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Speaker 1: and at some points indecisive. Kiloge Arslan, the indefatigable Sultan
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Speaker 1: of Nicea, attacked Boemond so briskly that, save for the
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Speaker 1: prompt assistance of Godfrey de Bouillon and Tancred, the Prince
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Speaker 1: of Antioch had been in great peril. But the pious
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Speaker 1: and warlike enthusiasm of the Crusaders at length prevailed over
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Speaker 1: the savage bravery of the Turks, and Corboga, who had
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Speaker 1: promised the Caliph of Baghdad a defeat of the Christians,
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Speaker 1: fled away towards the Euphrates. With a weak escort of
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Speaker 1: faithful troops. Tancred pursued till nightfall the Sultans of Aleppo
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Speaker 1: and Damascus and the Amir of Jerusalem. According to the
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Speaker 1: Christian chroniclers, one hundred thousand infidels and only four thousand
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Speaker 1: Crusaders were left on the field of battle. The camp
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Speaker 1: of the Turks was given over to pillage and fifteen
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Speaker 1: thousand cammels, and it is not stated how many horses
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Speaker 1: were carried off. The tent of Corboga himself was for
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Speaker 1: his conquerors a rich prize and an object of admiration.
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Speaker 1: It was laid out in streets flanked by towers, as
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Speaker 1: if it were a fortified town. Gold and precious stones
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Speaker 1: glittered in every part of it. It was capable of
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Speaker 1: containing more than two thousand persons, and Baamont sent it
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Speaker 1: to Italy, where it was long preserved. The conquerors employed
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Speaker 1: several days in conveying into Antioch the spoils of the vanquished,
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Speaker 1: and every crusader, says Albertves, found himself richer than he
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Speaker 1: had been at starting from Europe. This great success, with
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Speaker 1: the wealth it was the means of spreading, and the
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Speaker 1: pretensions and hopes, it was the cause of raising amongst
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Speaker 1: the crusaders, had for some time the most injurious effects.
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Speaker 1: Divisions set in amongst them, especially amongst the chiefs. Some
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Speaker 1: abandoned themselves to all the license of victory, others to
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Speaker 1: the sweets of repose. Some fatigued and disgusted, quietly prepared
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Speaker 1: for and accomplished their return home. Others, growing more and
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Speaker 1: more ambitious and bold, aspired to conquests and principalities in
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Speaker 1: the East. Why should not they acquire what Baldwin had
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Speaker 1: acquired at Odessa, and what Boamon was within an ace
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Speaker 1: of possessing at Antioch. Others were jealous of the great
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Speaker 1: fortunes made before their eyes, and Oremond of Toulouse was
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Speaker 1: vexed at Boemon's rule in Antioch and refused to give
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Speaker 1: up to him the citadel. One and another troubled themselves
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Speaker 1: little more about the main end of their crusade, the
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Speaker 1: deliverance of Jerusalem, and devoted themselves to their personal interests.
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Speaker 1: A few days after the defeat of the Turks, the
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Speaker 1: Council of Princes deliberated upon the question of marching immediately
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Speaker 1: upon Jerusalem, and then all these various inclinations came out.
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Speaker 1: After a lively debate, the majority decided that they should
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Speaker 1: wait till the heat of the summer was over, the
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Speaker 1: army wrested from its fatigues, and the reinforcements expected from
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Speaker 1: the West arrived. The common sort of crusaders were indignant
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Speaker 1: at this delay. Since the princes will not lead us
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Speaker 1: to Jerusalem, was said aloud, choose we among the knights
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Speaker 1: a brave man who will serve us faithfully, And if
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Speaker 1: the grace of God be with us, go we under
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Speaker 1: his leading to Jerusalem. It is not enough for our
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Speaker 1: princes that we have remained here a whole year, and
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Speaker 1: that two hundred thousand men at arms have fallen here.
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Speaker 1: Perish all they who would remain at Antioch even as
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Speaker 1: its inhabitants, but lately perished, but murmuring all the while.
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Speaker 1: They stayed at Antioch in spite of a violent epidemic
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Speaker 1: which took off, it was said, in a single month,
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Speaker 1: fifty thousand persons, and amongst them the spiritual chief of
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Speaker 1: the Crusade, Ademar Bishop of Puy, who had the respect
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Speaker 1: and confidence of all the Crusaders, to find some specious pretext,
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Speaker 1: or some pious excuse for this inactivity, or simply to
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Speaker 1: pass the time which was not employed as it had
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Speaker 1: been sworn it should be. Warlike expeditions were made into
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Speaker 1: Syria and Mesopotamia. Some emirs were driven from their petty dominions,
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Speaker 1: Some towns were taken, some infidels were massacred. The Count
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Speaker 1: of Toulouse persisted during several weeks in besieging Mrah, a
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Speaker 1: town situated between Hamath and Aleppo. At last he took it,
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Speaker 1: but there were no longer any inhabitants to be found,
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Speaker 1: in it. They had all taken refuge under ground. Huge
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Speaker 1: fires lighted at the entrance of their hiding place forced
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Speaker 1: them to come out, and as they came they were
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Speaker 1: all put to death or carried off as slaves, which
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Speaker 1: so terrified the neighboring towns. Says a chronicler, that they
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Speaker 1: yielded of their own free will and without compulsion. It
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Speaker 1: was all at once ascertained that Jerusalem had undergone a
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Speaker 1: fresh calamity and fallen more and more beneath the yoke
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Speaker 1: of the infidels. Abuka Chem, Caliph of Egypt, had taken
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Speaker 1: it from the Turks, and his vizier Aftel had left
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Speaker 1: a strong garrison in it. A sharp pang of grief,
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Speaker 1: of wrath, and of shame shot through the Crusaders. Could
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Speaker 1: it be? They cried that Jerusalem should be taken and retaken,
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Speaker 1: and never by Christians. Many went to seek out the
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Speaker 1: Count of Toulouse. He was known to be much taken
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Speaker 1: up with the desire of securing the possession of Murrah,
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Speaker 1: which he had just captured. Still great confidence was felt
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Speaker 1: in him. He had made a vow never to return
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Speaker 1: to the West. He was the richest of the crusader princes.
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Speaker 1: He was conjured to take upon himself the leadership of
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Speaker 1: the army to him had been entrusted the spear of
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Speaker 1: the Lord discovered at Antioch. If the other princes should
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Speaker 1: be found wanting, let him at least go forward with
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Speaker 1: the people in full assurance. If not, he had only
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Speaker 1: to give up the spear to the people, and the
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Speaker 1: people would go right on to Jerusalem with the Lord
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Speaker 1: for their leader. After some hesitation, Raymond declared that the
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Speaker 1: departure should take place in a fortnight, and he summoned
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Speaker 1: the princes to a preliminary meeting. On assembling, they found
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Speaker 1: themselves still less at one, says the chronicler, and the
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Speaker 1: majority refused to budge to induce them. It is said
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Speaker 1: that Raymond offered ten thousand sous to Godfrey de Buillon,
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Speaker 1: the same to Robert of Normandy, six thousand to the
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Speaker 1: Count of Flanders, and five thousand to Tancred. But at
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Speaker 1: the same time Raymond announced his intention of leaving a
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Speaker 1: strong garrison and Marah to secure its defense. What cried
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Speaker 1: the common folk amongst the crusaders, disputes about Antioch and
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Speaker 1: disputes about Marah, we will take good care there be
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Speaker 1: no quarrel touching this town. Come, throw we down its walls,
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Speaker 1: restore we peace amongst the princes, and set we the
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Speaker 1: Count at liberty. When Maran no longer exists, he will
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Speaker 1: no longer fear to lose it. The multitude rushed to
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Speaker 1: surround Marah and work so eagerly at the demolition of
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Speaker 1: its ramparts, that the Count of Toulouse, touched by this
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Speaker 1: popular feeling, as if it were a proof of the
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Speaker 1: divine will, himself, put the finishing touch to the work
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Speaker 1: of destruction, and ordered the speedy departure of the army.
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Speaker 1: At their head. Marched he barefooted, with his clergy and
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Speaker 1: the Bishop of Akbar, all imploring the mercy of God
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Speaker 1: and the protection of the saints. After him marched Tancred,
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Speaker 1: with forty knights and many foot, Who then may resist
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Speaker 1: this people, said Turks and Saracens to one another, so
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Speaker 1: stubborn and cruel, whom, for the space of a year,
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Speaker 1: nor famine, nor the sword, nor any other danger could
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Speaker 1: cause to abandon the siege of Antioch, and who now
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Speaker 1: are feeding upon human flesh. In fact, a rumor had
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Speaker 1: spread that, in their extreme distress, for want of provisions,
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Speaker 1: the crusaders had eaten corpses of Saracens found in the
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Speaker 1: moats of Marah. Several of the chiefs, hitherto undecided, now
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Speaker 1: followed the popular impulse, whilst others still hesitated. But on
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Speaker 1: the approach of spring one thousand ninety nine, more than
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Speaker 1: eight months after the capture of Antioch, Godfrey of Bouillon,
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Speaker 1: his brother Eustace of Boulogne, Robert of Flanders, and their
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Speaker 1: following likewise began to march Bauemond. After having accompanied them
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Speaker 1: as far as Laodicea left them with the promise of
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Speaker 1: rejoining them before Jerusalem, and returned to Antioch, where he remained.
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Speaker 1: Fresh crusaders arrived from Flanders, Holland and England, and amongst
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Speaker 1: them the Saxon Prince edgar Atheling, who had for a
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Speaker 1: brief interval been king of England between being the death
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Speaker 1: of Harold and the coronation of William the Conqueror. The
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Speaker 1: army pursued its way pretty slowly, still stopping from time
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Speaker 1: to time to besiege towns which they took and which
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Speaker 1: the chiefs continued to dispute for amongst themselves. Envoys from
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Speaker 1: the caliph of Egypt, the new holder of Jerusalem, arrived
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Speaker 1: in the Crusader's camp with presents and promises from their master.
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Speaker 1: They had orders to offer forty thousand pieces of gold
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Speaker 1: to Godfrey, sixty thousand to Bohemond, the most dreaded by
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Speaker 1: the Mussulman of all the Crusaders, and other gifts to
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Speaker 1: diverse other chiefs. Abulkachem further promised liberty of pilgrimage and
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Speaker 1: exercise of the Christian religion in Jerusalem, only the Christians
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Speaker 1: must not enter unless unarmed. At this proposal, the Crusader
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Speaker 1: chiefs cried out with indignation and declared to the Egyptian
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Speaker 1: envoys that they were going to hasten their march on Jerusalem,
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Speaker 1: threatening at the same time to push forward to the
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Speaker 1: borders of the Nile. At the end of the month
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Speaker 1: of May one thousand ninety nine, they were all en
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Speaker 1: mass upon the frontiers of Phoenicia and Palestine, numbering, according
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Speaker 1: to the most sanguine calculations, only fifty thousand fighting men.
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Speaker 1: Upon entering Palestine, as they came upon spots known in
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Speaker 1: sacred history or places of any importance, the same feelings
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Speaker 1: of greed and jealousy which had caused so much trouble
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Speaker 1: in Asia Minor and Syria, caused divisions once more. Amongst
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Speaker 1: the Crusaders. The chieftain, the simple warrior, almost who was
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Speaker 1: the first to enter the city or burgh or house
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Speaker 1: and plant his flag there, halted in it and claimed
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Speaker 1: to be its possessor. Whilst those whom nothing was dearer
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Speaker 1: than the commandments of God, say the chroniclers, pursued their
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Speaker 1: march barefooted beneath the banner of the cross, deplored the
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Speaker 1: covetousness and the quarrels of their brethren. When the Crusaders
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Speaker 1: arrived at Immaeus, some Christians of Bethlehem came and implored
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Speaker 1: their aid against the infidels. Tankard was there, and he,
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Speaker 1: with the consent of Godfrey, set out immediately in the
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Speaker 1: middle of the night with a small band of one
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Speaker 1: hundred horsemen, and went and planted his own flag on
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Speaker 1: the top of the church at Bethlehem, at the very
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Speaker 1: hour at which the birth of Jesus Christ had been
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Speaker 1: announced to the shepherds of Judea. Next day, June tenth,
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Speaker 1: one thousand ninety nine, on advancing at dawn of day
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Speaker 1: over the heights of Emmaeus, the army of the Crusaders
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Speaker 1: had all at once beneath their gaze the Holy City. Lo,
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Speaker 1: Jerusalem appears in sight. Lo. Every hand point out Jerusalem. Lo.
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Speaker 1: A thousand voices are heard as one in salutation of Jerusalem.
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Speaker 1: After the great sweet joy which filled all the hearts,
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Speaker 1: at this first glimpse came a deep feeling of contrition,
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Speaker 1: mingled with awful and reverential affection. Each scarcely dared to
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Speaker 1: raise the eye towards the city which had been the
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Speaker 1: chosen abode of Christ, where he died, was buried, and
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Speaker 1: rose again in accents of humility, with words low spoken,
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Speaker 1: with stifled sobs, with sighs and tears, The pent up
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Speaker 1: yearnings of a people in joy and at the same
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Speaker 1: time in sorrow, sent shivering through the air, a murmur
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Speaker 1: like that which is heard in leafy forests, what time
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Speaker 1: the wind blows through the leaves, or like the dull
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Speaker 1: sound made by the sea which breaks upon the rocks,
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Speaker 1: or hisses as it foams over the beach. It was
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Speaker 1: better to quote these beautiful stanzas from Jerusalem delivered than
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Speaker 1: to reproduce the pompous and monotonous phrases of the chroniclers,
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Speaker 1: the genius of Tasso was capable of understanding and worthy
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Speaker 1: to depict the emotions of a Christian army at sight
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Speaker 1: of the Jerusalem they had come to deliver. We will
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Speaker 1: not pause over the purely military and technical details of
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Speaker 1: the siege. It was calculated that there were in the
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Speaker 1: city twenty thousand armed inhabitants and forty thousand men in garrison,
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Speaker 1: the most valiant and most fanatical Mussulmen that Egypt could furnish.
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Speaker 1: According to William of Tire, the most judicious and the
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Speaker 1: best informed of the contemporary historians, when the Crusaders pitched
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Speaker 1: their camp over against Jerusalem, there had arrived there about
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Speaker 1: forty thousand persons of both sexes, of whom there were
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Speaker 1: at the most twenty thousand foot well equipped, and fifteen
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Speaker 1: hundred knights. Raymond Dagill, chaplain to the Count of Toulouse,
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Speaker 1: reduces still further to twelve thousand the number a foot
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Speaker 1: capable of bearing arms, and that of the knights to
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Speaker 1: twelve or thirteen hundred. This weak army was destitute of
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Speaker 1: commissariat and the engines necessary for such a siege. Before
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Speaker 1: long it was a prey to the horrors of thirst.
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Speaker 1: The neighborhood of Jerusalem, says William of Tire, is arid,
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Speaker 1: and it is only at a considerable distance that there
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Speaker 1: are to be found rivulets, fountains, or wells of fresh water.
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Speaker 1: Even these springs had been filled up by the enemy.
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Speaker 1: A little before the arrival of our troops. The crusaders
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Speaker 1: issued from the camp secretly and in small detachments, to
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Speaker 1: look for water in all directions. And just when they
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Speaker 1: believed they had found some hidden trickle, they saw themselves
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Speaker 1: surrounded by a multitude of folks engaged in the same search.
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Speaker 1: Disputes forthwith arose amongst them, and they frequently came to blows. Horses, mules, asses,
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Speaker 1: and cattle of all kinds, consumed by heat and thirst,
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Speaker 1: fell down and died, and their carcasses left here and
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Speaker 1: there about. The camp tainted the air with a pestilential smell. Wood, iron,
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Speaker 1: and all the materials needful for the construction of siege
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Speaker 1: machinery were as much to seek as water. But a
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Speaker 1: warlike and pious spirit made head against all. Trees were
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Speaker 1: felled at a great distance from Jerusalem, and scaling towers
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Speaker 1: were roughly constructed, as well as engines for hurling the stones,
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Speaker 1: which were with difficulty brought up within reach of the city.
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Speaker 1: All ye who read this, says Raymond Ajib, think not
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Speaker 1: that it was light labor. It was nigh a mile
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Speaker 1: from the spot where the engines all dismounted, had to
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Speaker 1: be transported to that where they were remounted. The knights
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Speaker 1: protected against the sallies of the besieged the workmen employed
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Speaker 1: upon this work. One day, Tankred had gone alone to
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Speaker 1: prey on the Mount of Olives and to gaze upon
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Speaker 1: the holy city. When five mussulmans sallied forth and went
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Speaker 1: to attack him. He killed three of them, and the
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Speaker 1: other two took to flight. There was at one point
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Speaker 1: of the city ramparts a ravine which had to be
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Speaker 1: filled up to make an approach, and the Count of
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Speaker 1: Toulouse had proclamation made that he would give a degnier
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Speaker 1: to every one who would go and throw three stones
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Speaker 1: into it. In three days. The ravine was filled up.
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Speaker 1: After four weeks of labor and preparation. The Council of
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Speaker 1: Princes fixed a day for delivering the assault, but as
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Speaker 1: there had been quarrels between several of the chiefs, and
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Speaker 1: notably between the count of Toulouse and Tankered. It was
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Speaker 1: resolved that before the grand attack, they should all be
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Speaker 1: reconciled at a general supplication with solemn ceremonies for divine aid.
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Speaker 1: After a strict fast, all the Crusaders went forth, armed
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Speaker 1: from their quarters, and preceded by their priests. Barefooted and
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Speaker 1: chanting psalms, they moved in slow procession round Jerusalem, halting
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Speaker 1: at all places hallowed by some fact in sacred history,
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Speaker 1: listening to the discourses of their priests, and raising eyes
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Speaker 1: full of wrath at hearing the scoffs addressed to them
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Speaker 1: by the Saracens, and seeing the insults heaped upon certain
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Speaker 1: crosses they had set up upon all the symbols of
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Speaker 1: the Christian faith. Ye see, cried Peter the Hermit, Ye
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Speaker 1: hear the threats and blasphemies of the enemies of God.
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Speaker 1: Now this I swear to you by your faith. This
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Speaker 1: I swear to you by the arms ye carry. To
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Speaker 1: day these infidels be still full of pride and insolence.
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Speaker 1: But tomorrow they shall be frozen with fear. Those mosques
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Speaker 1: which tower over Christian ruins shall serve for temples to
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Speaker 1: the True God, and Jerusalem shall hear no longer aught
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Speaker 1: but the praises of the Lord. The shouts of the
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Speaker 1: whole Christian army responded to the hopes of the apostle
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Speaker 1: of the crusade, and the Crusaders returned to their quarters,
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Speaker 1: repeating the words of the prophet Isaiah. So shall they
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Speaker 1: fear the name of the Lord from the west and
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Speaker 1: his glory from the rising of the sun. On the
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Speaker 1: fourteenth of July one thousand ninety nine, at daybreak, the
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Speaker 1: assault began at diverse points, and next day, Friday, the
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Speaker 1: fifteenth of July, at three in the afternoon, exactly at
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Speaker 1: the hour at which, according to Holy writ Jesus Christ
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Speaker 1: had yielded up the ghost, saying Father, into thy hands,
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Speaker 1: I commend my spirit. Jerusalem was completely in the hands
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Speaker 1: of the crusaders. We have no heart to dwell on
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Speaker 1: the massacres which accompanied the victory, so clearly purchased by
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Speaker 1: the conquerors. The historians Latin or Oriental, set down at
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Speaker 1: seventy thousand the number of Mussulmen massacred on the ramparts,
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Speaker 1: in the mosques, in the streets underground, and wherever they
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Speaker 1: had attempted to find a refuge, a number exceeding that
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Speaker 1: of the armed inhabitants in the garrison of the city. Battle, madness,
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Speaker 1: thirst for vengeance, ferocity, brutality, greed, and every hateful passion
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Speaker 1: were satiated without scruple in the name of their holy cause.
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Speaker 1: When they were weary of slaughter, orders were given, says
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Speaker 1: Robert the Monk, to those of the Saracens who remained
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Speaker 1: alive and were reserved for slavery, to clean the city,
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Speaker 1: remove from it the dead, and purify it from all
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Speaker 1: traces of such fearful carnage. They promptly obeyed, removed with
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Speaker 1: tears the dead erected outside the gates, dead houses fashioned
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Speaker 1: like citadels or defensive buildings, collected in basket's dissevered limbs,
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Speaker 1: carried them away and washed off the blood that stained
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Speaker 1: the floors of temples and houses. Eight or ten days
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Speaker 1: after the capture of Jerusalem, the Crusader chiefs assembled to
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Speaker 1: deliberate upon the election of a king of their prize.
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Speaker 1: There were several who were suggested for it, and might
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Speaker 1: have pretended to it. Robert Shorthou's, Duke of Normandy, gave
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Speaker 1: an absolute refusal, liking better, says an English chronicler, to
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Speaker 1: give himself up to repose and indolence in Normandy than
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Speaker 1: to serve as a soldier the king of kings for
23:59
Speaker 1: which God never forgave him. Raymond, Count of Toulouse, was
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Speaker 1: already advanced in years, and declared that he would have
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Speaker 1: a horror of bearing the name of King of Jerusalem,
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Speaker 1: but that he would give his consent to the election
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Speaker 1: of any one else. Tankard was and wished to be
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Speaker 1: only the first of knights. Godfrey de Buillon. The more
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Speaker 1: easily united votes in that he did not seek them.
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Speaker 1: He was valiant, discreet, worthy and modest, and his own servants,
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Speaker 1: being privately sounded, testified to his possession of the virtues
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Speaker 1: which are put in practice without any show. He was
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Speaker 1: elected King of Jerusalem, and he accepted the burden, whilst
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Speaker 1: refusing the insignia. I will never wear a crown of gold,
24:42
Speaker 1: he said, in the place where the Savior of the
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Speaker 1: world was crowned with thorns, and he assumed only the
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Speaker 1: title of defender and Baron of the Holy Sepulcher. It
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Speaker 1: is a common belief amongst historians that after the capture
24:58
Speaker 1: of Jerusalem, and the election of her King. Peter the
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Speaker 1: Hermit entirely disappeared from history. It is true that he
25:05
Speaker 1: no longer played an active part, and that on returning
25:08
Speaker 1: to Europe he went into retirement near Hui, in the
25:12
Speaker 1: Diocese of Liege, where he founded a monastery, and where
25:16
Speaker 1: he died on the eleventh of July one thousand, one
25:19
Speaker 1: hundred fifteen. But William of Tire bears witness that Peter's
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Speaker 1: contemporaries were not ungrateful to him, and did not forget
25:28
Speaker 1: him when he had done his work. The faithful says
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Speaker 1: he dwellers at Jerusalem, who four or five years before
25:35
Speaker 1: had seen the venerable Peter there, recognizing at that time
25:39
Speaker 1: in the same city him to whom the Patriarch had
25:42
Speaker 1: committed letters invoking the aid of the princes of the West,
25:46
Speaker 1: bent the knee before him and offered him their respects
25:49
Speaker 1: in all humility. They recalled to mind the circumstances of
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Speaker 1: his first voyage, and they praised the Lord who had
25:56
Speaker 1: endowed him with effectual power of speech, and with strength
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Speaker 1: to rouse up nations and kings, to bear so many
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Speaker 1: and such long toils for love of the name of Christ.
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Speaker 1: Both in private and in public, All the faithful at
26:09
Speaker 1: Jerusalem exerted themselves to render to Peter the Hermit the
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Speaker 1: highest honors, and attributed to him alone after God, their
26:18
Speaker 1: happiness in having escaped from the hard servitude under which
26:21
Speaker 1: they had been for so many years groaning, and in
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Speaker 1: seeing the Holy City recovering her ancient freedom. End of
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Speaker 1: chapter sixteen. End of A popular History of France from
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Speaker 1: the Earliest Times, Volume one by FRANCOI Ghiso, translated by
26:41
Speaker 1: Robert Black