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Okay, but are bird feeders helping or hurting? · Okay, But... Birds

• 0:00
  There
• 0:00
  are
• 0:00
  things
• 0:00
  people
• 0:01
  feed
• 0:01
  birds
• 0:01
  that
• 0:02
  are
• 0:02
  not
• 0:02
  good
• 0:02
  for
• 0:02
  them.
• 0:02
  You
• 0:03
  know,
• 0:03
  feeding
• 0:03
  ducks
• 0:04
  bread
• 0:04
  is,
• 0:05
  it's
• 0:06
  like
• 0:06
  calorically
• 0:07
  not
• 0:07
  good
• 0:08
  for
• 0:08
  them
• 0:08
  at
• 0:08
  all.
• 0:08
  I
• 0:09
  think
• 0:09
  that's
• 0:09
  my
• 0:09
  biggest
• 0:10
  pet
• 0:10
  peeve,
• 0:11
  like
• 0:11
  of
• 0:11
  all.
• 0:11
  So
• 0:12
  annoying.
• 0:13
  It's
• 0:13
  so
• 0:14
  annoying.
• 0:14
  And
• 0:14
  I
• 0:15
  try
• 0:16
  to
• 0:16
  be
• 0:16
  nice
• 0:17
  about
• 0:17
  it.
• 0:42
  Bird
• 0:42
  feeders
• 0:42
  bring
• 0:43
  us
• 0:43
  joy.
• 0:43
  The
• 0:44
  feeling
• 0:44
  of
• 0:44
  providing
• 0:44
  birds
• 0:45
  with
• 0:45
  food,
• 0:45
  be
• 0:45
  it
• 0:45
  seeds,
• 0:46
  nectar
• 0:46
  or
• 0:46
  insects,
• 0:47
  and
• 0:47
  having
• 0:47
  them
• 0:47
  visit
• 0:48
  close
• 0:48
  to
• 0:48
  our
• 0:48
  windows
• 0:49
  is
• 0:49
  really
• 0:49
  hard
• 0:50
  to
• 0:50
  explain
• 0:50
  until
• 0:51
  you've
• 0:51
  fed
• 0:51
  birds
• 0:51
  or
• 0:52
  watched
• 0:52
  birds
• 0:52
  at
• 0:52
  bird
• 0:53
  feeders,
• 0:53
  it
• 0:54
  lets
• 0:54
  us
• 0:54
  get
• 0:54
  to
• 0:54
  know
• 0:54
  them,
• 0:55
  it
• 0:55
  helps
• 0:55
  us
• 0:55
  understand
• 0:56
  them.
• 0:56
  There
• 0:57
  really
• 0:57
  is
• 0:57
  something
• 0:57
  special
• 0:58
  about
• 0:58
  the
• 0:58
  act
• 0:58
  of
• 0:59
  offering
• 0:59
  food,
• 0:59
  whether
• 1:00
  it's
• 1:00
  to
• 1:00
  friends,
• 1:00
  your
• 1:01
  family
• 1:01
  or
• 1:01
  to
• 1:02
  birds.
• 1:02
  It
• 1:03
  may
• 1:03
  not
• 1:03
  be
• 1:03
  surprising
• 1:03
  then
• 1:04
  that
• 1:04
  feeding
• 1:04
  birds
• 1:04
  is
• 1:05
  popular.
• 1:05
  More
• 1:06
  than
• 1:06
  55
• 1:06
  million
• 1:07
  Americans
• 1:07
  feed
• 1:08
  birds,
• 1:08
  making
• 1:08
  it
• 1:08
  one
• 1:08
  of
• 1:08
  the
• 1:09
  country's
• 1:09
  most
• 1:09
  popular
• 1:10
  hobbies,
• 1:10
  second
• 1:11
  only
• 1:11
  maybe
• 1:11
  to
• 1:12
  gardening.
• 1:12
  And
• 1:13
  all
• 1:13
  of
• 1:13
  those
• 1:13
  bird
• 1:13
  feeders
• 1:14
  fuel
• 1:14
  a
• 1:14
  5
• 1:14
  plus
• 1:15
  billion
• 1:15
  dollar
• 1:15
  industry
• 1:16
  in
• 1:16
  the
• 1:16
  United
• 1:16
  States
• 1:17
  alone.
• 1:17
  From
• 1:17
  the
• 1:18
  feeders
• 1:18
  themselves
• 1:18
  to
• 1:18
  the
• 1:18
  food
• 1:19
  that
• 1:19
  we
• 1:19
  put
• 1:19
  in
• 1:19
  them.
• 1:19
  And
• 1:20
  more
• 1:20
  recently,
• 1:20
  bird
• 1:21
  feeders
• 1:21
  equipped
• 1:21
  with
• 1:22
  video
• 1:22
  cameras
• 1:22
  and
• 1:23
  AI.
• 1:24
  Given
• 1:24
  the
• 1:25
  number
• 1:25
  of
• 1:25
  people
• 1:25
  feeding
• 1:25
  birds,
• 1:26
  it's
• 1:26
  natural
• 1:26
  to
• 1:26
  wonder
• 1:27
  about
• 1:27
  the
• 1:27
  impacts.
• 1:28
  Which
• 1:28
  brings
• 1:28
  us
• 1:28
  to
• 1:28
  the
• 1:29
  topic
• 1:29
  of
• 1:29
  today's
• 1:29
  episode.
• 1:30
  Okay,
• 1:30
  but
• 1:31
  are
• 1:31
  bird
• 1:31
  feeders
• 1:32
  helping
• 1:32
  or
• 1:32
  hurting?
• 1:33
  To
• 1:33
  answer
• 1:33
  this
• 1:34
  question,
• 1:34
  we'll
• 1:34
  talk
• 1:34
  to
• 1:34
  Dr.
• 1:34
  Olivia
• 1:35
  Sanderfoot,
• 1:36
  the
• 1:36
  director
• 1:36
  of
• 1:36
  Project
• 1:36
  Feeder
• 1:37
  Watch
• 1:37
  at
• 1:37
  the
• 1:37
  Cornell
• 1:37
  Lab
• 1:38
  of
• 1:38
  Ornithology.
• 1:39
  Coincidentally,
• 1:40
  Project
• 1:40
  Feeder
• 1:40
  Watch
• 1:40
  is
• 1:41
  celebrating
• 1:41
  its
• 1:41
  40th
• 1:42
  year,
• 1:42
  making
• 1:42
  it
• 1:42
  one
• 1:43
  of
• 1:43
  the
• 1:43
  longest
• 1:43
  running
• 1:44
  participatory
• 1:44
  science
• 1:45
  programs
• 1:45
  on
• 1:45
  the
• 1:45
  planet.
• 1:46
  And
• 1:46
  we
• 1:46
  encourage
• 1:46
  you
• 1:47
  to
• 1:47
  get
• 1:47
  involved.
• 1:47
  No
• 1:48
  feeder
• 1:48
  necessary.
• 1:49
  In
• 1:49
  this
• 1:49
  episode,
• 1:50
  we
• 1:50
  go
• 1:50
  well
• 1:50
  beyond
• 1:50
  just
• 1:51
  what
• 1:51
  to
• 1:51
  put
• 1:51
  in
• 1:51
  your
• 1:51
  feeders.
• 1:52
  We'll
• 1:52
  talk
• 1:52
  about
• 1:52
  the
• 1:52
  real
• 1:53
  risks
• 1:53
  that
• 1:53
  come
• 1:53
  with
• 1:54
  attracting
• 1:54
  birds
• 1:54
  to
• 1:54
  your
• 1:54
  yard.
• 1:55
  From
• 1:55
  domestic
• 1:56
  cats
• 1:56
  to
• 1:56
  window
• 1:56
  collisions
• 1:57
  to
• 1:57
  disease.
• 1:58
  And
• 1:58
  what
• 1:58
  you
• 1:58
  can
• 1:58
  do
• 1:58
  to
• 1:58
  make
• 1:59
  sure
• 1:59
  your
• 1:59
  feeder
• 1:59
  isn't
• 2:00
  becoming
• 2:00
  what
• 2:00
  scientists
• 2:01
  call
• 2:01
  an
• 2:01
  ecological
• 2:02
  trap.
• 2:03
  We'll
• 2:03
  also
• 2:03
  get
• 2:03
  into
• 2:03
  some
• 2:04
  of
• 2:04
  the
• 2:04
  surprising
• 2:04
  blind
• 2:05
  spots
• 2:05
  in
• 2:05
  the
• 2:05
  science.
• 2:06
  For
• 2:06
  example,
• 2:07
  that
• 2:07
  common
• 2:07
  advice
• 2:07
  about
• 2:08
  where
• 2:08
  to
• 2:08
  place
• 2:08
  your
• 2:08
  feeder
• 2:09
  relative
• 2:09
  to
• 2:09
  a
• 2:09
  window.
• 2:10
  It
• 2:10
  turns
• 2:10
  out
• 2:10
  there
• 2:11
  isn't
• 2:11
  as
• 2:11
  much
• 2:11
  peer
• 2:11
  reviewed
• 2:12
  evidence
• 2:12
  behind
• 2:12
  it
• 2:12
  as
• 2:13
  you
• 2:13
  might
• 2:13
  think.
• 2:13
  And
• 2:14
  Olivia's
• 2:14
  team
• 2:14
  is
• 2:15
  actively
• 2:15
  working
• 2:15
  to
• 2:15
  change
• 2:16
  that.
• 2:16
  And
• 2:17
  we'll
• 2:17
  discuss
• 2:17
  what
• 2:18
  40
• 2:18
  years
• 2:18
  of
• 2:18
  feeder
• 2:19
  Watch
• 2:19
  data
• 2:19
  has
• 2:19
  revealed
• 2:20
  about
• 2:20
  how
• 2:20
  bird
• 2:20
  populations
• 2:21
  are
• 2:21
  changing
• 2:21
  and
• 2:22
  why
• 2:22
  that
• 2:22
  matters.
• 2:23
  After
• 2:24
  the
• 2:24
  break,
• 2:24
  Dr.
• 2:24
  Olivia
• 2:25
  Sanderfoot
• 2:25
  joins
• 2:25
  us
• 2:25
  to
• 2:26
  chat
• 2:26
  birds,
• 2:26
  feeders
• 2:27
  and
• 2:27
  how
• 2:27
  best
• 2:27
  to
• 2:27
  engage
• 2:28
  in
• 2:28
  the
• 2:28
  centuries
• 2:29
  long
• 2:29
  activity
• 2:29
  of
• 2:30
  feeding
• 2:30
  our
• 2:30
  feathered
• 2:30
  friends.
• 2:31
  Stay
• 2:31
  with
• 2:31
  us.
• 2:37
  Well,
• 2:38
  welcome
• 2:38
  back
• 2:38
  everyone.
• 2:38
  I'm
• 2:39
  excited
• 2:39
  to
• 2:39
  be
• 2:39
  joined
• 2:39
  by
• 2:39
  Olivia
• 2:40
  this
• 2:40
  Morning.
• 2:40
  Thanks
• 2:41
  for
• 2:41
  joining
• 2:41
  us.
• 2:41
  Thanks
• 2:42
  so
• 2:42
  much
• 2:42
  for
• 2:42
  having
• 2:42
  me.
• 2:43
  Of
• 2:43
  course.
• 2:44
  Why
• 2:44
  don't
• 2:44
  we
• 2:44
  start
• 2:44
  with
• 2:44
  a
• 2:44
  bit
• 2:45
  of
• 2:45
  a
• 2:45
  history
• 2:45
  lesson?
• 2:45
  Feeding
• 2:46
  birds
• 2:47
  is
• 2:47
  an
• 2:48
  ancient
• 2:48
  tradition
• 2:50
  going
• 2:50
  back
• 2:50
  thousands
• 2:51
  and
• 2:51
  thousands
• 2:51
  of
• 2:52
  years.
• 2:53
  One
• 2:53
  example
• 2:54
  that
• 2:54
  I
• 2:54
  wanted
• 2:54
  to
• 2:55
  share
• 2:55
  with
• 2:55
  your
• 2:55
  listeners
• 2:56
  today
• 2:56
  is
• 2:56
  that
• 2:56
  in
• 2:57
  the
• 2:57
  Hindu
• 2:57
  writings
• 2:58
  of
• 2:58
  the
• 2:58
  Vedic
• 2:58
  period,
• 2:59
  we
• 3:00
  read
• 3:00
  that
• 3:00
  offering
• 3:01
  food
• 3:01
  for
• 3:01
  birds
• 3:02
  and
• 3:02
  animals
• 3:02
  is
• 3:03
  one
• 3:03
  of
• 3:03
  the
• 3:03
  five
• 3:03
  great
• 3:04
  daily
• 3:04
  sacrifices
• 3:05
  which
• 3:05
  is
• 3:05
  intended
• 3:06
  to
• 3:06
  foster
• 3:07
  spiritual
• 3:07
  development.
• 3:08
  And
• 3:08
  this
• 3:08
  practice
• 3:09
  still
• 3:09
  continues
• 3:09
  today.
• 3:11
  I
• 3:11
  also
• 3:12
  read
• 3:12
  about
• 3:12
  how
• 3:12
  ancient
• 3:13
  Egyptians
• 3:14
  tasked
• 3:15
  priests
• 3:16
  with
• 3:16
  protecting
• 3:17
  fields
• 3:17
  for
• 3:18
  ibises,
• 3:18
  which
• 3:19
  were
• 3:19
  considered
• 3:19
  sacred.
• 3:21
  And
• 3:21
  the
• 3:21
  first
• 3:21
  recorded
• 3:22
  instance
• 3:23
  of
• 3:23
  feeding
• 3:24
  wild
• 3:24
  birds
• 3:24
  for
• 3:24
  enjoyment
• 3:25
  was
• 3:25
  a
• 3:25
  6th
• 3:26
  century
• 3:26
  Scottish
• 3:27
  monk
• 3:28
  who
• 3:28
  reportedly
• 3:29
  tamed
• 3:29
  a
• 3:30
  wild
• 3:30
  robin
• 3:31
  by
• 3:31
  hand
• 3:31
  feeding
• 3:32
  it.
• 3:33
  So
• 3:33
  we
• 3:34
  see
• 3:34
  so
• 3:34
  many
• 3:35
  examples
• 3:35
  over
• 3:35
  thousands
• 3:36
  of
• 3:36
  years
• 3:36
  of
• 3:36
  bird
• 3:37
  feeding
• 3:38
  having
• 3:38
  an
• 3:39
  important
• 3:39
  place
• 3:40
  in
• 3:40
  culture
• 3:40
  and
• 3:40
  in
• 3:41
  society.
• 3:42
  And
• 3:42
  so
• 3:42
  caring
• 3:43
  for
• 3:43
  birds
• 3:43
  by
• 3:43
  provisioning
• 3:44
  supplemental
• 3:44
  food
• 3:45
  has
• 3:45
  been
• 3:46
  part
• 3:46
  of
• 3:46
  our
• 3:46
  cultures
• 3:46
  for
• 3:46
  generations.
• 3:47
  And
• 3:47
  over
• 3:47
  time,
• 3:48
  this
• 3:48
  practice
• 3:48
  has
• 3:48
  evolved
• 3:49
  from
• 3:49
  offering
• 3:50
  table
• 3:50
  scraps
• 3:51
  and
• 3:51
  the
• 3:52
  occasional
• 3:52
  seed
• 3:53
  to
• 3:54
  becoming
• 3:54
  an
• 3:55
  enormously
• 3:56
  popular
• 3:56
  hobby,
• 3:57
  second
• 3:57
  only
• 3:58
  to
• 3:58
  maybe
• 3:59
  gardening.
• 4:00
  So
• 4:00
  it's
• 4:00
  not
• 4:00
  new,
• 4:01
  but
• 4:01
  the
• 4:01
  scale
• 4:01
  at
• 4:02
  which
• 4:02
  we
• 4:02
  do
• 4:02
  it
• 4:04
  is
• 4:04
  more
• 4:05
  recent.
• 4:06
  It's
• 4:06
  true.
• 4:06
  Like
• 4:06
  as
• 4:06
  people
• 4:07
  get
• 4:07
  in,
• 4:07
  if
• 4:07
  they've
• 4:07
  never
• 4:08
  fed
• 4:08
  birds,
• 4:08
  then
• 4:08
  they
• 4:08
  get
• 4:08
  into
• 4:09
  it,
• 4:09
  it
• 4:09
  really,
• 4:09
  they
• 4:09
  develop
• 4:10
  this
• 4:10
  affinity
• 4:11
  for
• 4:11
  it
• 4:12
  that
• 4:12
  is
• 4:12
  more
• 4:12
  than
• 4:12
  just
• 4:13
  like,
• 4:13
  I
• 4:13
  like
• 4:13
  seeing
• 4:13
  the
• 4:13
  birds,
• 4:14
  there's
• 4:14
  this
• 4:14
  piece
• 4:15
  of
• 4:15
  care
• 4:15
  and
• 4:15
  love
• 4:16
  of
• 4:16
  these
• 4:16
  wild
• 4:17
  creat.
• 4:18
  Bird
• 4:18
  feeding
• 4:18
  has
• 4:18
  always
• 4:18
  been
• 4:19
  supplementary,
• 4:19
  right?
• 4:20
  Like,
• 4:20
  birds
• 4:20
  eat
• 4:20
  what
• 4:21
  we
• 4:21
  offer
• 4:21
  in
• 4:22
  addition
• 4:22
  to
• 4:22
  the
• 4:22
  foods
• 4:22
  that
• 4:23
  they
• 4:23
  find
• 4:23
  elsewhere
• 4:23
  in
• 4:23
  their
• 4:23
  habitats.
• 4:24
  And
• 4:24
  so
• 4:25
  for
• 4:25
  the
• 4:25
  most
• 4:25
  part,
• 4:26
  feeding
• 4:26
  birds
• 4:26
  is
• 4:27
  for
• 4:27
  us,
• 4:29
  feeding
• 4:29
  birds
• 4:30
  is
• 4:31
  really
• 4:31
  for
• 4:31
  us.
• 4:32
  And
• 4:32
  there
• 4:32
  are
• 4:32
  some
• 4:33
  instances
• 4:33
  in
• 4:33
  which
• 4:34
  actually
• 4:34
  feeding
• 4:34
  birds
• 4:35
  can
• 4:35
  be
• 4:35
  very,
• 4:35
  very
• 4:36
  helpful
• 4:36
  to
• 4:36
  them,
• 4:37
  namely
• 4:37
  in
• 4:38
  the
• 4:38
  case
• 4:38
  of
• 4:39
  resource
• 4:39
  scarcity,
• 4:40
  right?
• 4:40
  So
• 4:41
  if
• 4:41
  there's
• 4:41
  an
• 4:41
  extreme
• 4:41
  drought,
• 4:43
  there
• 4:43
  are
• 4:44
  few
• 4:45
  plants
• 4:45
  that
• 4:45
  are
• 4:46
  thriving,
• 4:47
  insect
• 4:47
  populations
• 4:48
  are
• 4:48
  low.
• 4:49
  Sometimes
• 4:50
  supplemental
• 4:51
  feeding
• 4:51
  can
• 4:52
  be
• 4:52
  really
• 4:52
  useful.
• 4:52
  The
• 4:53
  same
• 4:53
  is
• 4:53
  true
• 4:53
  for
• 4:53
  extreme
• 4:54
  winter
• 4:54
  weather.
• 4:55
  So
• 4:55
  during
• 4:56
  periods
• 4:56
  of
• 4:56
  heavy
• 4:56
  ice
• 4:57
  and
• 4:57
  snow,
• 4:57
  especially
• 4:58
  when
• 4:58
  the
• 4:58
  ground
• 4:58
  is
• 4:58
  covered
• 4:59
  and
• 4:59
  difficult
• 4:59
  to
• 4:59
  access,
• 5:00
  feeding
• 5:01
  birds
• 5:01
  can
• 5:01
  help
• 5:02
  local
• 5:02
  bird
• 5:02
  populations
• 5:03
  survive
• 5:04
  and
• 5:04
  thrive.
• 5:04
  What
• 5:04
  should
• 5:05
  we
• 5:05
  be
• 5:05
  careful
• 5:05
  about
• 5:05
  then?
• 5:06
  I
• 5:06
  mean,
• 5:06
  we
• 5:06
  can
• 5:06
  get
• 5:07
  into
• 5:07
  the,
• 5:07
  what
• 5:08
  should
• 5:08
  we
• 5:08
  feed
• 5:08
  them
• 5:08
  later,
• 5:09
  but
• 5:09
  what
• 5:09
  are
• 5:09
  the
• 5:09
  things
• 5:09
  we
• 5:10
  need
• 5:10
  to
• 5:10
  be
• 5:10
  careful
• 5:10
  about
• 5:10
  if
• 5:11
  we're
• 5:11
  going
• 5:11
  to
• 5:11
  go
• 5:11
  out
• 5:11
  of
• 5:11
  our
• 5:11
  way
• 5:12
  to
• 5:12
  offer
• 5:12
  food,
• 5:12
  whether
• 5:13
  that's
• 5:14
  seeds
• 5:14
  or
• 5:14
  in
• 5:15
  the
• 5:15
  case
• 5:15
  of
• 5:15
  hummingbirds,
• 5:16
  like
• 5:16
  sugar
• 5:16
  water,
• 5:17
  feeding.
• 5:18
  Birds
• 5:18
  is
• 5:18
  an
• 5:18
  act
• 5:18
  of
• 5:19
  love,
• 5:19
  it's
• 5:19
  an
• 5:19
  act
• 5:20
  of
• 5:20
  compassion,
• 5:21
  where
• 5:21
  we're
• 5:21
  feeding
• 5:22
  the
• 5:22
  feathered
• 5:23
  friends
• 5:23
  who
• 5:23
  are
• 5:23
  visiting
• 5:24
  our
• 5:24
  yards.
• 5:24
  And
• 5:25
  just
• 5:26
  like
• 5:27
  when
• 5:28
  you
• 5:28
  meet
• 5:28
  a
• 5:29
  new
• 5:29
  friend,
• 5:29
  you
• 5:30
  ask
• 5:30
  them
• 5:30
  over
• 5:30
  for
• 5:30
  dinner,
• 5:31
  Right.
• 5:31
  It's
• 5:31
  kind
• 5:31
  of
• 5:32
  like
• 5:32
  that.
• 5:32
  And
• 5:33
  you
• 5:33
  wouldn't
• 5:33
  offer
• 5:34
  dinner
• 5:34
  in
• 5:34
  a
• 5:34
  dangerous
• 5:35
  environment.
• 5:36
  You
• 5:36
  wouldn't
• 5:36
  offer
• 5:36
  dinner
• 5:37
  on
• 5:37
  dirty
• 5:37
  plates.
• 5:38
  No.
• 5:39
  So
• 5:39
  these
• 5:39
  are
• 5:40
  our
• 5:40
  friends.
• 5:40
  We
• 5:41
  want
• 5:41
  to
• 5:41
  invite
• 5:41
  them
• 5:41
  over
• 5:42
  to
• 5:42
  have
• 5:42
  a
• 5:42
  safe,
• 5:43
  enjoyable
• 5:44
  meal.
• 5:45
  So
• 5:46
  we
• 5:46
  don't
• 5:46
  want
• 5:46
  our
• 5:46
  bird
• 5:47
  feeders
• 5:47
  to
• 5:47
  become
• 5:47
  ecological
• 5:48
  traps.
• 5:48
  Right.
• 5:49
  We
• 5:49
  don't
• 5:49
  want
• 5:49
  to
• 5:49
  lure
• 5:49
  birds
• 5:50
  into
• 5:50
  an
• 5:50
  environment
• 5:50
  where
• 5:51
  they're
• 5:51
  inherently
• 5:51
  unsafe.
• 5:52
  So
• 5:52
  the
• 5:53
  first
• 5:53
  thing
• 5:53
  that
• 5:53
  comes
• 5:53
  to
• 5:54
  mind
• 5:54
  is
• 5:55
  domestic
• 5:55
  cats.
• 5:56
  So
• 5:56
  if
• 5:57
  you
• 5:57
  have
• 5:57
  domestic
• 5:58
  cats
• 5:58
  roaming
• 5:59
  your
• 5:59
  yard,
• 5:59
  they're
• 5:59
  on
• 6:00
  the
• 6:00
  prowl,
• 6:00
  they're
• 6:00
  looking
• 6:01
  for
• 6:01
  birds.
• 6:02
  They're
• 6:02
  probably
• 6:02
  going
• 6:03
  to
• 6:03
  be
• 6:03
  pretty
• 6:03
  psyched
• 6:04
  that
• 6:04
  you've
• 6:04
  got
• 6:04
  a
• 6:04
  bird
• 6:04
  feeder
• 6:05
  out
• 6:05
  attracting
• 6:05
  birds.
• 6:06
  And
• 6:06
  some
• 6:06
  of
• 6:06
  those
• 6:06
  birds
• 6:07
  that
• 6:07
  are
• 6:07
  coming
• 6:07
  in
• 6:08
  to
• 6:08
  feed
• 6:08
  at
• 6:08
  your
• 6:09
  feeder
• 6:10
  might
• 6:10
  become
• 6:10
  targets
• 6:11
  for
• 6:11
  those
• 6:12
  domestic
• 6:12
  cats.
• 6:12
  So
• 6:12
  we
• 6:13
  definitely
• 6:13
  want
• 6:13
  to
• 6:13
  keep
• 6:13
  our
• 6:14
  indoor
• 6:14
  cats
• 6:14
  indoors.
• 6:16
  Another
• 6:17
  thing
• 6:17
  that
• 6:17
  comes
• 6:18
  to
• 6:18
  mind
• 6:18
  is
• 6:18
  the
• 6:19
  increased
• 6:19
  risk
• 6:19
  of
• 6:20
  bird
• 6:20
  glass
• 6:20
  collisions.
• 6:21
  So
• 6:21
  unfortunately,
• 6:22
  birds
• 6:22
  do
• 6:22
  have
• 6:23
  a
• 6:23
  really
• 6:23
  hard
• 6:23
  time
• 6:24
  perceiving
• 6:26
  glass
• 6:26
  as
• 6:27
  an
• 6:27
  obstacle.
• 6:28
  They
• 6:28
  see
• 6:28
  glass
• 6:29
  as
• 6:29
  a
• 6:29
  space
• 6:29
  that
• 6:29
  they
• 6:30
  can
• 6:30
  fly
• 6:30
  through.
• 6:30
  And
• 6:31
  so
• 6:31
  sometimes
• 6:31
  if
• 6:31
  we
• 6:32
  put
• 6:32
  up
• 6:32
  feeders
• 6:33
  and
• 6:33
  we
• 6:33
  attract
• 6:34
  birds
• 6:34
  to
• 6:35
  our
• 6:35
  yards
• 6:35
  to
• 6:36
  feed,
• 6:36
  they
• 6:36
  can
• 6:37
  encounter
• 6:38
  birds,
• 6:38
  windows
• 6:39
  or
• 6:39
  other
• 6:39
  glassy
• 6:40
  surfaces
• 6:41
  and
• 6:41
  unfortunately
• 6:42
  run
• 6:42
  into
• 6:42
  them.
• 6:43
  And
• 6:43
  those
• 6:43
  collisions
• 6:44
  are
• 6:44
  very
• 6:44
  dangerous
• 6:45
  for
• 6:45
  birds.
• 6:45
  And
• 6:45
  bird
• 6:45
  glass
• 6:46
  collisions
• 6:46
  are
• 6:47
  one
• 6:47
  of
• 6:47
  the
• 6:47
  top
• 6:47
  risks
• 6:48
  that
• 6:48
  birds
• 6:48
  are
• 6:48
  facing
• 6:49
  today.
• 6:49
  So
• 6:50
  common
• 6:50
  practice,
• 6:51
  we
• 6:51
  want
• 6:51
  to
• 6:52
  keep
• 6:52
  our
• 6:53
  bird
• 6:53
  feeders
• 6:54
  either
• 6:54
  within
• 6:55
  3ft
• 6:55
  of
• 6:55
  a
• 6:56
  window
• 6:56
  or
• 6:56
  more
• 6:56
  than
• 6:57
  30ft
• 6:57
  away
• 6:58
  from
• 6:58
  a
• 6:58
  window.
• 6:58
  Now,
• 6:59
  intriguingly,
• 7:01
  this
• 7:01
  rest
• 7:02
  practice
• 7:02
  is
• 7:03
  not
• 7:04
  grounded
• 7:04
  in
• 7:06
  all
• 7:06
  that
• 7:06
  much
• 7:06
  peer
• 7:07
  reviewed
• 7:07
  scientific
• 7:08
  evidence.
• 7:08
  So
• 7:09
  what
• 7:09
  we're
• 7:09
  actually
• 7:09
  doing
• 7:10
  at
• 7:10
  Feeder
• 7:10
  Watch
• 7:10
  right
• 7:11
  now
• 7:11
  is
• 7:11
  running
• 7:12
  a
• 7:12
  study
• 7:12
  among
• 7:13
  feeder
• 7:13
  watchers
• 7:14
  to
• 7:14
  help
• 7:14
  us
• 7:14
  document
• 7:15
  bird
• 7:15
  glass
• 7:15
  collisions
• 7:16
  during
• 7:16
  the
• 7:16
  feeder
• 7:16
  watch
• 7:17
  monitoring
• 7:17
  season,
• 7:17
  which
• 7:18
  runs
• 7:18
  from
• 7:18
  November
• 7:19
  through
• 7:19
  April.
• 7:20
  And
• 7:20
  then
• 7:20
  folks
• 7:21
  are
• 7:21
  also
• 7:21
  telling
• 7:21
  us
• 7:22
  in
• 7:22
  great
• 7:22
  detail
• 7:23
  what
• 7:24
  their
• 7:24
  windows
• 7:24
  look
• 7:24
  like,
• 7:25
  how
• 7:25
  big
• 7:25
  they
• 7:25
  are,
• 7:26
  what
• 7:26
  direction
• 7:26
  they
• 7:27
  face,
• 7:27
  what
• 7:28
  types
• 7:28
  of
• 7:28
  mitigation
• 7:29
  strategies
• 7:29
  they
• 7:29
  have
• 7:30
  or
• 7:30
  have
• 7:30
  not
• 7:30
  used
• 7:30
  to
• 7:31
  prevent
• 7:31
  collisions.
• 7:31
  We're
• 7:32
  going
• 7:32
  to
• 7:32
  put
• 7:32
  all
• 7:32
  this
• 7:32
  information
• 7:33
  together
• 7:33
  to
• 7:33
  develop
• 7:34
  much
• 7:34
  more
• 7:34
  robust
• 7:35
  best
• 7:35
  practices
• 7:36
  about
• 7:37
  how
• 7:37
  to
• 7:37
  prevent
• 7:37
  prevent
• 7:37
  bird
• 7:38
  glass
• 7:38
  collisions
• 7:39
  generally
• 7:39
  and
• 7:39
  where
• 7:39
  to
• 7:40
  put
• 7:40
  your
• 7:40
  feeders
• 7:40
  relative
• 7:41
  to
• 7:42
  windows.
• 7:42
  Bird
• 7:43
  feeders,
• 7:43
  unfortunately
• 7:45
  are
• 7:45
  a
• 7:45
  reservoir
• 7:46
  for
• 7:46
  pathogens
• 7:47
  that
• 7:47
  contribute
• 7:48
  to
• 7:48
  the
• 7:48
  spread
• 7:49
  of
• 7:49
  disease
• 7:49
  among
• 7:50
  birds.
• 7:51
  We
• 7:51
  need
• 7:52
  to
• 7:52
  clean
• 7:52
  our
• 7:52
  bird
• 7:52
  feeders.
• 7:53
  And
• 7:54
  I
• 7:54
  am
• 7:55
  afraid
• 7:55
  that
• 7:56
  many
• 7:56
  folks,
• 7:57
  many
• 7:57
  of
• 7:57
  those
• 7:57
  55
• 7:58
  million
• 7:58
  Americans
• 7:59
  who
• 7:59
  are
• 7:59
  bird
• 7:59
  feeding,
• 8:00
  don't
• 8:00
  clean
• 8:01
  their
• 8:01
  bird
• 8:01
  feeders.
• 8:02
  It's
• 8:02
  not
• 8:02
  well
• 8:02
  known
• 8:03
  that
• 8:03
  you
• 8:03
  need
• 8:03
  to
• 8:03
  do
• 8:04
  that.
• 8:04
  It's
• 8:04
  not
• 8:04
  thought
• 8:05
  about.
• 8:05
  And
• 8:06
  I
• 8:06
  think
• 8:06
  if
• 8:06
  we
• 8:06
  thought
• 8:07
  about
• 8:07
  our
• 8:07
  avian
• 8:08
  fear
• 8:08
  friends
• 8:09
  as
• 8:10
  visitors
• 8:10
  who
• 8:11
  are
• 8:11
  over
• 8:11
  to
• 8:11
  share
• 8:12
  a
• 8:12
  meal
• 8:12
  with
• 8:12
  us,
• 8:13
  we
• 8:13
  would
• 8:13
  think
• 8:14
  differently
• 8:14
  about
• 8:15
  that,
• 8:15
  and
• 8:15
  we
• 8:15
  would
• 8:15
  consider
• 8:16
  best
• 8:16
  practices.
• 8:17
  So
• 8:17
  why
• 8:17
  is
• 8:18
  it
• 8:18
  that
• 8:19
  we
• 8:19
  have
• 8:19
  to
• 8:20
  clean
• 8:20
  our
• 8:20
  feeders?
• 8:21
  So
• 8:21
  birds
• 8:22
  are
• 8:22
  crowding
• 8:23
  together
• 8:23
  at
• 8:24
  feeders.
• 8:24
  So
• 8:24
  if
• 8:25
  any
• 8:25
  one
• 8:25
  of
• 8:25
  them
• 8:26
  is
• 8:26
  carrying
• 8:26
  a
• 8:27
  disease
• 8:27
  like
• 8:27
  house
• 8:28
  finch
• 8:28
  eye
• 8:28
  disease
• 8:29
  or
• 8:29
  avian
• 8:29
  pox,
• 8:30
  it's
• 8:30
  very
• 8:31
  easy
• 8:31
  for
• 8:31
  that
• 8:31
  bird
• 8:32
  to
• 8:33
  transmit
• 8:33
  that
• 8:34
  disease,
• 8:34
  to
• 8:34
  pass
• 8:34
  it
• 8:35
  along
• 8:35
  to
• 8:35
  one
• 8:36
  of
• 8:36
  the
• 8:36
  other
• 8:36
  individual
• 8:37
  birds
• 8:37
  sharing
• 8:38
  that
• 8:38
  feeder.
• 8:38
  They're
• 8:39
  just
• 8:39
  all
• 8:39
  together
• 8:39
  in
• 8:39
  close
• 8:40
  practice.
• 8:41
  I
• 8:41
  have
• 8:41
  a
• 8:41
  toddler,
• 8:42
  he's
• 8:42
  in
• 8:42
  daycare.
• 8:43
  They
• 8:43
  share
• 8:44
  so
• 8:44
  many
• 8:44
  germs.
• 8:45
  My
• 8:45
  kid,
• 8:45
  I
• 8:45
  swear,
• 8:46
  is
• 8:46
  constantly
• 8:47
  sick,
• 8:47
  and
• 8:47
  it's
• 8:47
  because
• 8:47
  they're
• 8:48
  all
• 8:48
  hanging
• 8:48
  out
• 8:48
  in
• 8:48
  close
• 8:49
  proximity
• 8:50
  and
• 8:50
  they
• 8:50
  don't
• 8:51
  have
• 8:51
  the
• 8:51
  opportunity
• 8:52
  to
• 8:52
  wash
• 8:52
  their
• 8:53
  hands
• 8:53
  because
• 8:53
  they're
• 8:54
  two
• 8:54
  and
• 8:54
  three
• 8:54
  years
• 8:54
  old,
• 8:54
  and
• 8:54
  they're
• 8:55
  not
• 8:55
  thinking
• 8:55
  to
• 8:55
  do
• 8:55
  that.
• 8:55
  And
• 8:56
  birds
• 8:56
  are
• 8:56
  not
• 8:57
  washing
• 8:58
  their
• 8:59
  feet
• 9:00
  or
• 9:00
  their
• 9:00
  bills
• 9:01
  between
• 9:01
  feeder
• 9:02
  visit
• 9:02
  and
• 9:02
  feeder
• 9:03
  visit.
• 9:03
  And
• 9:03
  so
• 9:04
  we
• 9:04
  need
• 9:04
  to
• 9:04
  be
• 9:04
  mindful
• 9:05
  of
• 9:05
  that.
• 9:06
  We
• 9:06
  also
• 9:06
  know
• 9:06
  that
• 9:07
  pathogens
• 9:08
  can
• 9:08
  hang
• 9:09
  out
• 9:09
  in
• 9:09
  dust
• 9:10
  and
• 9:10
  debris.
• 9:10
  That's
• 9:11
  why
• 9:11
  it's
• 9:11
  so
• 9:11
  important
• 9:11
  to
• 9:12
  clean
• 9:12
  our
• 9:12
  homes
• 9:12
  and
• 9:13
  to
• 9:13
  regularly
• 9:14
  dust
• 9:14
  surfaces
• 9:15
  and
• 9:15
  mop
• 9:15
  floors,
• 9:16
  that
• 9:16
  it's
• 9:17
  good
• 9:17
  for
• 9:17
  us
• 9:17
  to
• 9:17
  remove
• 9:18
  those
• 9:18
  allergens.
• 9:19
  But
• 9:19
  the
• 9:19
  dust
• 9:19
  and
• 9:20
  the
• 9:20
  debris
• 9:20
  also
• 9:20
  contain
• 9:21
  pathogens
• 9:21
  like
• 9:22
  bacteria
• 9:22
  and
• 9:22
  viruses
• 9:23
  that
• 9:23
  we
• 9:23
  want
• 9:24
  to
• 9:24
  remove
• 9:24
  from
• 9:24
  our
• 9:24
  home
• 9:25
  so
• 9:25
  we
• 9:25
  don't
• 9:25
  get
• 9:25
  sick.
• 9:26
  So
• 9:26
  similarly,
• 9:27
  bird
• 9:27
  feeders
• 9:28
  get
• 9:28
  dirty.
• 9:28
  They
• 9:29
  get
• 9:29
  covered
• 9:29
  in
• 9:29
  dust,
• 9:30
  the
• 9:31
  holes
• 9:31
  in
• 9:31
  the
• 9:31
  bits
• 9:32
  of
• 9:32
  stuff
• 9:33
  and
• 9:33
  broken
• 9:33
  peanuts
• 9:34
  they
• 9:35
  sit
• 9:35
  there.
• 9:35
  And
• 9:36
  as
• 9:36
  they
• 9:36
  sit
• 9:36
  there,
• 9:37
  they
• 9:37
  can
• 9:37
  accumulate
• 9:38
  pathogens.
• 9:39
  So
• 9:39
  we
• 9:39
  definitely
• 9:40
  want
• 9:40
  to
• 9:40
  clear
• 9:40
  out
• 9:40
  the
• 9:40
  debris.
• 9:42
  Bird
• 9:42
  seed
• 9:42
  can
• 9:43
  also
• 9:43
  get
• 9:43
  wet,
• 9:43
  especially
• 9:44
  after
• 9:45
  rainy
• 9:45
  spells,
• 9:46
  and
• 9:46
  that
• 9:46
  can
• 9:47
  harbor
• 9:47
  the
• 9:47
  growth
• 9:47
  of
• 9:48
  mildew
• 9:49
  and
• 9:49
  mold.
• 9:50
  Sugar
• 9:51
  water
• 9:51
  can
• 9:51
  also
• 9:52
  get
• 9:52
  moldy.
• 9:52
  So
• 9:53
  this
• 9:53
  applies
• 9:53
  to
• 9:54
  hummingbird
• 9:54
  feeders
• 9:55
  as
• 9:55
  well.
• 9:55
  So
• 9:55
  there's
• 9:55
  a
• 9:55
  lot
• 9:55
  of
• 9:55
  potential
• 9:56
  for
• 9:56
  disease.
• 9:57
  And
• 9:58
  that
• 9:58
  sounds
• 9:58
  like
• 9:58
  I'm
• 9:58
  being
• 9:59
  rarely
• 9:59
  discouraging,
• 10:00
  like,
• 10:00
  oh,
• 10:00
  my
• 10:00
  goodness,
• 10:01
  there's
• 10:01
  no
• 10:01
  way
• 10:01
  to
• 10:01
  keep
• 10:02
  your
• 10:02
  bird
• 10:02
  feeders
• 10:02
  clean.
• 10:03
  You're
• 10:03
  having
• 10:03
  your
• 10:03
  friends
• 10:04
  for
• 10:04
  dinner
• 10:04
  on
• 10:04
  dirty
• 10:05
  plates.
• 10:05
  No.
• 10:05
  There
• 10:06
  are
• 10:06
  things
• 10:06
  you
• 10:06
  can
• 10:06
  do
• 10:06
  to
• 10:06
  help.
• 10:07
  So
• 10:08
  number
• 10:08
  one,
• 10:09
  you
• 10:09
  gotta
• 10:09
  clear
• 10:09
  out
• 10:09
  the
• 10:10
  dust
• 10:10
  and
• 10:10
  debris.
• 10:10
  That's
• 10:11
  the
• 10:11
  most
• 10:11
  important
• 10:11
  thing
• 10:11
  any
• 10:12
  of
• 10:12
  us
• 10:12
  can
• 10:12
  do.
• 10:13
  Take
• 10:13
  your
• 10:13
  bird
• 10:13
  feeder
• 10:14
  down
• 10:14
  at
• 10:14
  least
• 10:15
  every
• 10:15
  two
• 10:15
  weeks
• 10:15
  or
• 10:16
  maybe
• 10:16
  every
• 10:16
  two
• 10:16
  to
• 10:17
  three
• 10:17
  times
• 10:17
  that
• 10:17
  you're
• 10:17
  refilling
• 10:18
  seed,
• 10:19
  knock
• 10:19
  out
• 10:19
  all
• 10:20
  that
• 10:20
  dust
• 10:20
  and
• 10:20
  debris
• 10:21
  and
• 10:21
  give
• 10:21
  it
• 10:21
  a
• 10:21
  good
• 10:21
  scrub.
• 10:23
  Here's
• 10:23
  where
• 10:23
  it
• 10:23
  gets
• 10:23
  a
• 10:23
  little
• 10:24
  bit
• 10:24
  trickier.
• 10:25
  In
• 10:25
  an
• 10:25
  ideal
• 10:26
  world,
• 10:26
  we
• 10:27
  would
• 10:27
  all
• 10:27
  clean
• 10:28
  our
• 10:28
  feeders
• 10:29
  after
• 10:29
  we
• 10:29
  give
• 10:29
  them
• 10:30
  a
• 10:30
  scrub
• 10:30
  with
• 10:31
  diluted
• 10:31
  bleach.
• 10:32
  That
• 10:32
  would
• 10:33
  be
• 10:33
  the
• 10:33
  best
• 10:33
  way
• 10:34
  to
• 10:34
  kill
• 10:34
  all
• 10:34
  of
• 10:35
  the
• 10:35
  pathogens.
• 10:36
  That
• 10:36
  are
• 10:36
  problematic
• 10:37
  for
• 10:37
  birds.
• 10:38
  Realistically,
• 10:39
  I
• 10:39
  think
• 10:39
  that's
• 10:39
  really
• 10:40
  hard
• 10:40
  for
• 10:40
  people.
• 10:41
  Not
• 10:41
  everyone
• 10:42
  keeps
• 10:42
  bleach.
• 10:43
  Not
• 10:43
  everybody
• 10:44
  wants
• 10:44
  to
• 10:44
  have
• 10:44
  bleach.
• 10:45
  We
• 10:45
  have
• 10:45
  to
• 10:45
  be
• 10:46
  very
• 10:46
  careful
• 10:46
  as
• 10:46
  parents,
• 10:47
  my
• 10:47
  husband
• 10:48
  and
• 10:48
  I,
• 10:48
  to
• 10:48
  not
• 10:49
  keep
• 10:49
  stuff
• 10:49
  like
• 10:49
  that
• 10:49
  within
• 10:50
  my
• 10:50
  kids
• 10:50
  reach.
• 10:51
  So
• 10:51
  I
• 10:52
  totally
• 10:52
  get
• 10:52
  that
• 10:52
  people
• 10:52
  might
• 10:53
  not
• 10:53
  want
• 10:53
  to
• 10:53
  have
• 10:53
  that
• 10:53
  around.
• 10:53
  There
• 10:54
  are
• 10:54
  other
• 10:54
  options.
• 10:54
  You
• 10:54
  can
• 10:55
  clean
• 10:55
  with
• 10:55
  soap
• 10:55
  and
• 10:56
  you
• 10:56
  can
• 10:56
  clean
• 10:56
  with
• 10:56
  vinegar
• 10:58
  and
• 10:59
  those
• 10:59
  things
• 10:59
  will
• 10:59
  help.
• 11:00
  Hot
• 11:00
  water
• 11:00
  alone
• 11:01
  will
• 11:01
  help.
• 11:02
  A
• 11:02
  dishwasher
• 11:02
  is
• 11:02
  great.
• 11:03
  If
• 11:03
  you
• 11:03
  can
• 11:03
  take
• 11:03
  your
• 11:03
  feeder
• 11:04
  apart
• 11:04
  and
• 11:04
  throw
• 11:04
  it
• 11:04
  in
• 11:04
  the
• 11:04
  dishwasher,
• 11:05
  that's
• 11:05
  great.
• 11:06
  I
• 11:06
  want
• 11:07
  to
• 11:07
  emphasize
• 11:07
  that
• 11:08
  if
• 11:08
  you
• 11:08
  use
• 11:08
  something
• 11:08
  like
• 11:09
  detergent,
• 11:09
  it's
• 11:09
  really
• 11:10
  important
• 11:10
  to
• 11:10
  carefully
• 11:11
  rinse
• 11:11
  the
• 11:11
  feeder
• 11:12
  so
• 11:12
  that
• 11:12
  there's
• 11:12
  not
• 11:12
  a
• 11:13
  film
• 11:13
  of
• 11:13
  detergent
• 11:14
  left
• 11:14
  on
• 11:14
  the
• 11:14
  feeder
• 11:15
  that
• 11:15
  a
• 11:15
  bird
• 11:15
  might
• 11:15
  accidentally
• 11:16
  lick.
• 11:17
  And
• 11:17
  if
• 11:17
  you
• 11:17
  use
• 11:17
  bleach,
• 11:18
  you
• 11:18
  want
• 11:18
  to
• 11:18
  make
• 11:18
  sure
• 11:18
  to
• 11:18
  let
• 11:19
  that
• 11:19
  dry
• 11:19
  completely
• 11:20
  so
• 11:20
  that
• 11:20
  there's
• 11:21
  no
• 11:21
  wet
• 11:22
  bleach,
• 11:22
  because
• 11:22
  that
• 11:22
  can
• 11:22
  also
• 11:23
  be
• 11:23
  harmful
• 11:23
  to
• 11:23
  birds
• 11:23
  when
• 11:24
  you
• 11:24
  put
• 11:24
  it
• 11:24
  back
• 11:24
  up.
• 11:25
  But
• 11:26
  if
• 11:26
  I
• 11:26
  want
• 11:27
  folks
• 11:27
  to
• 11:27
  take
• 11:27
  away,
• 11:27
  one
• 11:28
  thing
• 11:28
  would
• 11:29
  be
• 11:29
  if
• 11:29
  you
• 11:29
  can
• 11:29
  at
• 11:29
  least
• 11:30
  take
• 11:30
  it
• 11:30
  apart,
• 11:31
  knock
• 11:31
  out
• 11:31
  the
• 11:31
  debris
• 11:32
  and
• 11:32
  give
• 11:32
  it
• 11:32
  a
• 11:32
  good
• 11:32
  scrub,
• 11:33
  you
• 11:33
  are
• 11:33
  doing
• 11:34
  goodbye
• 11:35
  birds.
• 11:36
  And
• 11:36
  if
• 11:37
  you
• 11:37
  can
• 11:37
  kick
• 11:37
  it
• 11:38
  up
• 11:38
  a
• 11:38
  notch
• 11:38
  and
• 11:38
  use
• 11:39
  diluted
• 11:39
  bleach,
• 11:39
  that's
• 11:40
  even
• 11:40
  better.
• 11:41
  But
• 11:41
  I
• 11:41
  totally
• 11:42
  understand
• 11:42
  if
• 11:42
  you
• 11:43
  can
• 11:43
  only
• 11:43
  get
• 11:43
  partway,
• 11:44
  that's
• 11:44
  still
• 11:44
  hugely
• 11:45
  helpful.
• 11:45
  Yeah,
• 11:46
  I
• 11:46
  think
• 11:46
  those
• 11:46
  are
• 11:46
  all
• 11:47
  really
• 11:47
  good
• 11:47
  recommendations
• 11:48
  for
• 11:48
  sure.
• 11:49
  And
• 11:49
  it
• 11:49
  is.
• 11:50
  I
• 11:50
  like
• 11:50
  thinking
• 11:50
  about
• 11:50
  it
• 11:51
  as
• 11:51
  like
• 11:51
  inviting
• 11:52
  friends
• 11:52
  over.
• 11:52
  I
• 11:52
  think
• 11:53
  that'll
• 11:53
  actually
• 11:53
  help
• 11:53
  people
• 11:54
  just
• 11:54
  be
• 11:54
  a
• 11:54
  little
• 11:54
  bit
• 11:55
  more
• 11:55
  motivated
• 11:55
  even
• 11:55
  to
• 11:56
  do
• 11:56
  the
• 11:56
  knocking
• 11:56
  out
• 11:57
  the
• 11:57
  dust
• 11:57
  and
• 11:57
  dusting
• 11:58
  off
• 11:58
  the
• 11:59
  feeders.
• 11:59
  What
• 11:59
  about
• 12:00
  bird
• 12:00
  baths?
• 12:00
  Can
• 12:01
  you
• 12:01
  walk
• 12:01
  us
• 12:01
  through
• 12:01
  the
• 12:01
  safety
• 12:02
  and
• 12:02
  upkeep
• 12:02
  side
• 12:03
  of
• 12:03
  those?
• 12:03
  Yeah,
• 12:04
  bird
• 12:04
  baths
• 12:05
  are
• 12:05
  great.
• 12:05
  And
• 12:05
  in
• 12:05
  fact,
• 12:06
  bird
• 12:06
  baths
• 12:07
  are
• 12:07
  almost
• 12:08
  a
• 12:08
  more
• 12:09
  important
• 12:10
  supplementary
• 12:11
  resource
• 12:11
  for
• 12:11
  birds
• 12:12
  in
• 12:12
  some
• 12:12
  context.
• 12:12
  Right.
• 12:13
  If
• 12:13
  you
• 12:13
  think
• 12:13
  about
• 12:14
  bird
• 12:14
  feeders
• 12:15
  and
• 12:16
  when
• 12:16
  they're
• 12:16
  most
• 12:16
  valuable.
• 12:18
  As
• 12:18
  we've
• 12:18
  discussed,
• 12:19
  times
• 12:19
  of
• 12:20
  resource
• 12:20
  scarcity
• 12:21
  are
• 12:21
  when
• 12:21
  bird
• 12:21
  feeders
• 12:22
  actually
• 12:22
  might
• 12:22
  tip
• 12:23
  the
• 12:23
  scales
• 12:23
  and
• 12:23
  make
• 12:24
  a
• 12:24
  difference
• 12:24
  for
• 12:24
  local
• 12:24
  bird
• 12:25
  populations.
• 12:26
  So
• 12:26
  extreme
• 12:27
  drought,
• 12:28
  extreme
• 12:28
  winter
• 12:29
  weather,
• 12:29
  such
• 12:29
  as
• 12:29
  periods
• 12:30
  of
• 12:30
  heavy
• 12:30
  rain
• 12:30
  or
• 12:30
  snow,
• 12:31
  these
• 12:31
  are
• 12:31
  the
• 12:31
  moments
• 12:31
  to
• 12:32
  pull
• 12:32
  out
• 12:32
  your
• 12:32
  bird
• 12:32
  feeder.
• 12:33
  This
• 12:33
  is
• 12:33
  when
• 12:33
  it
• 12:33
  counts,
• 12:34
  this
• 12:34
  is
• 12:34
  when
• 12:34
  it's
• 12:34
  actually
• 12:35
  helpful.
• 12:36
  Assuming
• 12:36
  that
• 12:36
  you
• 12:37
  are
• 12:37
  following
• 12:37
  best
• 12:37
  practices
• 12:38
  and
• 12:38
  not
• 12:38
  unintentionally
• 12:39
  creating
• 12:40
  an
• 12:40
  ecological
• 12:40
  trap,
• 12:42
  Cleaning
• 12:42
  bird
• 12:43
  bath
• 12:43
  is
• 12:43
  also
• 12:43
  important.
• 12:44
  It's
• 12:44
  harder
• 12:44
  to
• 12:44
  clean
• 12:45
  bird
• 12:45
  bath.
• 12:45
  Right.
• 12:45
  If
• 12:45
  you've
• 12:46
  got
• 12:46
  a
• 12:46
  big
• 12:46
  stone
• 12:47
  bird
• 12:47
  bath
• 12:47
  in
• 12:48
  your
• 12:48
  backyard,
• 12:48
  you're
• 12:48
  not
• 12:48
  going
• 12:48
  to
• 12:48
  disassemble
• 12:49
  it
• 12:49
  and
• 12:49
  throw
• 12:49
  it
• 12:49
  in
• 12:49
  your
• 12:49
  dishwasher.
• 12:50
  So
• 12:51
  you
• 12:51
  just
• 12:51
  need
• 12:52
  to
• 12:52
  make
• 12:52
  sure
• 12:52
  that
• 12:52
  you're
• 12:52
  carefully
• 12:53
  scrubbing
• 12:53
  it
• 12:53
  out.
• 12:54
  And
• 12:54
  again,
• 12:54
  every
• 12:54
  so
• 12:55
  often,
• 12:55
  if
• 12:55
  you
• 12:56
  have
• 12:56
  the
• 12:56
  opportunity
• 12:57
  to
• 12:57
  disinfect,
• 12:58
  that's
• 12:58
  good.
• 12:58
  But
• 12:59
  we
• 12:59
  really
• 12:59
  want
• 12:59
  to
• 12:59
  make
• 12:59
  sure
• 13:00
  that
• 13:00
  that
• 13:00
  water
• 13:00
  is
• 13:01
  not
• 13:01
  staying
• 13:03
  still
• 13:04
  for
• 13:04
  long
• 13:04
  periods
• 13:05
  of
• 13:05
  time,
• 13:06
  especially
• 13:06
  in
• 13:06
  hot
• 13:07
  weather.
• 13:07
  Right.
• 13:07
  If
• 13:07
  you've
• 13:08
  got
• 13:08
  a
• 13:08
  small
• 13:09
  pool
• 13:09
  of
• 13:09
  water
• 13:10
  that's
• 13:10
  heating
• 13:10
  up
• 13:11
  over
• 13:12
  time,
• 13:12
  it's
• 13:12
  going
• 13:12
  to
• 13:12
  get
• 13:13
  gross.
• 13:13
  We
• 13:14
  just
• 13:14
  know
• 13:14
  that.
• 13:15
  So
• 13:15
  a
• 13:15
  lot
• 13:15
  of
• 13:15
  this
• 13:15
  comes
• 13:16
  pretty
• 13:17
  fast,
• 13:17
  right?
• 13:17
  A
• 13:18
  lot
• 13:18
  of
• 13:18
  this
• 13:18
  comes
• 13:18
  down
• 13:18
  to
• 13:19
  common
• 13:19
  sense.
• 13:19
  If
• 13:20
  you
• 13:20
  look
• 13:20
  at
• 13:20
  your
• 13:20
  hummingbird
• 13:20
  feeder
• 13:21
  and
• 13:21
  it's
• 13:21
  only
• 13:21
  been
• 13:21
  two
• 13:22
  days
• 13:22
  and
• 13:22
  you
• 13:22
  plan
• 13:23
  to
• 13:23
  clean
• 13:23
  it
• 13:23
  on
• 13:23
  Friday,
• 13:23
  but
• 13:24
  it's
• 13:24
  got
• 13:24
  bits
• 13:25
  of
• 13:25
  mold
• 13:25
  in
• 13:25
  it,
• 13:25
  take
• 13:25
  it
• 13:26
  down,
• 13:26
  give
• 13:26
  it
• 13:26
  a
• 13:27
  good
• 13:27
  bath.
• 13:27
  Like
• 13:28
  a
• 13:28
  lot
• 13:28
  of
• 13:28
  this
• 13:29
  just
• 13:29
  comes
• 13:29
  down
• 13:29
  to
• 13:30
  being
• 13:30
  observant
• 13:30
  and
• 13:31
  making
• 13:31
  sure
• 13:32
  that
• 13:32
  we're
• 13:32
  doing
• 13:32
  right
• 13:33
  by
• 13:33
  the
• 13:33
  birds
• 13:33
  that
• 13:33
  visit
• 13:33
  our
• 13:34
  yard.
• 13:34
  One
• 13:34
  thing
• 13:35
  that
• 13:35
  can
• 13:35
  really
• 13:35
  help
• 13:35
  let
• 13:36
  birds
• 13:36
  know
• 13:36
  that
• 13:36
  it's
• 13:36
  there
• 13:37
  is
• 13:37
  if
• 13:37
  the
• 13:37
  water
• 13:37
  is
• 13:38
  moving,
• 13:38
  right?
• 13:39
  So
• 13:39
  there's
• 13:39
  some
• 13:39
  of
• 13:39
  these
• 13:39
  little
• 13:40
  solar
• 13:40
  powered
• 13:41
  pumps
• 13:41
  that
• 13:41
  will
• 13:41
  move
• 13:41
  water
• 13:42
  in
• 13:42
  a
• 13:42
  bird
• 13:42
  bath
• 13:43
  and
• 13:43
  then
• 13:43
  birds
• 13:43
  will
• 13:43
  hear
• 13:44
  that
• 13:44
  and
• 13:44
  come
• 13:44
  in.
• 13:45
  But
• 13:45
  that
• 13:45
  movement
• 13:45
  of
• 13:46
  the
• 13:46
  water
• 13:46
  also
• 13:46
  can
• 13:47
  keep
• 13:47
  it
• 13:48
  less
• 13:49
  stagnant
• 13:49
  and
• 13:50
  prevent
• 13:50
  the
• 13:50
  growth
• 13:50
  of
• 13:51
  certain
• 13:51
  algaes
• 13:52
  and
• 13:52
  things.
• 13:52
  I
• 13:52
  mean,
• 13:52
  you
• 13:53
  still
• 13:53
  need
• 13:53
  to
• 13:53
  clean
• 13:53
  stuff
• 13:54
  out.
• 13:54
  But
• 13:54
  having
• 13:54
  moving
• 13:55
  water
• 13:55
  can
• 13:56
  also
• 13:56
  be
• 13:57
  a
• 13:57
  good
• 13:57
  piece
• 13:57
  of
• 13:57
  that
• 13:57
  birdbath
• 13:58
  puzzle.
• 13:58
  There
• 13:59
  are
• 13:59
  lots
• 13:59
  of
• 14:00
  bird
• 14:00
  baths
• 14:00
  that
• 14:01
  include
• 14:01
  some
• 14:02
  sort
• 14:02
  of
• 14:02
  moving
• 14:02
  water
• 14:03
  component.
• 14:03
  Other
• 14:03
  folks
• 14:05
  might
• 14:05
  be
• 14:05
  interested
• 14:06
  in
• 14:06
  using
• 14:06
  something
• 14:07
  like
• 14:07
  an
• 14:08
  outdoor
• 14:08
  pond
• 14:08
  with
• 14:09
  a
• 14:09
  fountain
• 14:09
  feature
• 14:10
  as
• 14:10
  a
• 14:11
  birdbath.
• 14:11
  Birds
• 14:11
  love
• 14:12
  fountains.
• 14:12
  And
• 14:12
  if
• 14:12
  the
• 14:12
  water
• 14:13
  is
• 14:13
  moving,
• 14:14
  the
• 14:14
  need
• 14:14
  to
• 14:15
  clean
• 14:15
  the
• 14:16
  water
• 14:16
  greatly
• 14:17
  reduces
• 14:17
  because
• 14:18
  we're
• 14:18
  just
• 14:18
  not
• 14:18
  providing
• 14:19
  an
• 14:19
  opportunity
• 14:19
  for
• 14:20
  those
• 14:20
  pathogens
• 14:20
  and
• 14:21
  the
• 14:21
  algae
• 14:21
  to
• 14:21
  grow.
• 14:22
  What
• 14:22
  foods
• 14:23
  are
• 14:23
  best?
• 14:23
  The
• 14:23
  black
• 14:24
  oil
• 14:24
  sunflower
• 14:24
  seed,
• 14:25
  is
• 14:25
  that
• 14:25
  really
• 14:25
  the
• 14:26
  most
• 14:26
  popular
• 14:26
  food
• 14:27
  out
• 14:27
  there
• 14:27
  or
• 14:27
  what
• 14:27
  other
• 14:28
  foods
• 14:28
  are
• 14:28
  available?
• 14:29
  So
• 14:29
  apparently
• 14:31
  a
• 14:31
  few
• 14:31
  decades
• 14:32
  ago,
• 14:32
  before
• 14:33
  bird
• 14:34
  feeding
• 14:34
  was
• 14:34
  as
• 14:35
  popular
• 14:35
  as
• 14:35
  it
• 14:36
  as
• 14:36
  it
• 14:36
  is
• 14:36
  now,
• 14:36
  and
• 14:36
  the
• 14:37
  industrialization
• 14:37
  of
• 14:38
  bird
• 14:38
  feeding
• 14:38
  really
• 14:39
  picked
• 14:39
  up
• 14:39
  in
• 14:39
  the
• 14:40
  80s
• 14:40
  and
• 14:40
  90s.
• 14:42
  A
• 14:43
  US
• 14:44
  agricultural
• 14:45
  scientist,
• 14:46
  I
• 14:46
  don't
• 14:46
  know
• 14:46
  his
• 14:46
  exact
• 14:47
  background,
• 14:48
  traveled
• 14:48
  to
• 14:48
  Russia
• 14:49
  because
• 14:49
  he
• 14:50
  heard
• 14:50
  about
• 14:50
  these
• 14:50
  fabled
• 14:51
  black
• 14:51
  oil
• 14:52
  sunflower
• 14:52
  seeds
• 14:53
  that
• 14:53
  had
• 14:53
  a
• 14:54
  40%
• 14:54
  oil
• 14:55
  content
• 14:56
  over
• 14:56
  the
• 14:56
  28%
• 14:58
  oil
• 14:58
  content
• 14:59
  of
• 14:59
  the
• 14:59
  gray
• 14:59
  striped
• 15:00
  sunflower
• 15:00
  seeds
• 15:00
  that
• 15:01
  we
• 15:01
  had
• 15:01
  in
• 15:01
  the
• 15:02
  US
• 15:03
  and
• 15:03
  he
• 15:04
  was
• 15:04
  traveling
• 15:04
  through
• 15:05
  Russia
• 15:05
  and
• 15:05
  given
• 15:05
  a
• 15:06
  tour
• 15:06
  of
• 15:06
  the
• 15:06
  fields
• 15:07
  and
• 15:08
  he
• 15:08
  had
• 15:08
  a
• 15:08
  Russian
• 15:09
  interpreter
• 15:10
  assigned
• 15:10
  to
• 15:10
  him.
• 15:11
  And
• 15:11
  he
• 15:11
  was
• 15:11
  very
• 15:12
  excited
• 15:12
  about
• 15:12
  these
• 15:12
  seeds
• 15:13
  and
• 15:13
  he
• 15:13
  asked
• 15:13
  if
• 15:13
  he
• 15:13
  could
• 15:14
  take
• 15:14
  some
• 15:14
  back
• 15:15
  to
• 15:15
  the
• 15:15
  US
• 15:16
  and
• 15:16
  he
• 15:16
  was
• 15:16
  told
• 15:16
  absolutely
• 15:17
  not.
• 15:18
  These
• 15:18
  are
• 15:18
  a
• 15:18
  state
• 15:19
  secret.
• 15:19
  You
• 15:19
  cannot
• 15:20
  have
• 15:20
  these
• 15:20
  sunflower
• 15:21
  seeds.
• 15:22
  But
• 15:22
  his
• 15:22
  Russian
• 15:23
  interpreter,
• 15:23
  who
• 15:24
  was
• 15:24
  eating
• 15:24
  them
• 15:24
  as
• 15:24
  a
• 15:25
  snack,
• 15:26
  overheard
• 15:27
  this
• 15:27
  conversation
• 15:28
  and
• 15:29
  she
• 15:29
  folded
• 15:29
  the
• 15:30
  sunflower
• 15:30
  seeds
• 15:30
  up
• 15:31
  in
• 15:31
  her
• 15:31
  napkin
• 15:32
  and
• 15:32
  snuck
• 15:33
  them
• 15:33
  to
• 15:33
  him.
• 15:34
  And
• 15:34
  he
• 15:34
  shipped
• 15:34
  them
• 15:35
  back
• 15:35
  to
• 15:35
  his
• 15:35
  research
• 15:35
  Lab
• 15:36
  in
• 15:36
  Fargo,
• 15:36
  North
• 15:37
  Dakota
• 15:37
  and
• 15:38
  propagated
• 15:38
  the
• 15:38
  black
• 15:39
  oil
• 15:39
  sunflower
• 15:40
  from
• 15:40
  the
• 15:40
  100
• 15:41
  seeds
• 15:41
  that
• 15:41
  were
• 15:41
  intended
• 15:42
  to
• 15:42
  be
• 15:42
  a
• 15:42
  snack.
• 15:43
  And
• 15:44
  now
• 15:44
  today
• 15:45
  we
• 15:45
  have
• 15:45
  black
• 15:46
  oil
• 15:46
  sunflower
• 15:46
  seeds.
• 15:47
  Wow.
• 15:48
  I
• 15:48
  had
• 15:48
  no
• 15:48
  idea
• 15:49
  it
• 15:49
  was
• 15:50
  such
• 15:50
  an
• 15:50
  intriguing
• 15:51
  origin.
• 15:51
  The
• 15:52
  drama
• 15:52
  and
• 15:53
  probably
• 15:53
  very
• 15:53
  annoying
• 15:54
  for
• 15:54
  the
• 15:55
  Russian
• 15:55
  scientists
• 15:55
  that
• 15:56
  developed
• 15:56
  the
• 15:56
  black
• 15:57
  oil
• 15:57
  sunflower
• 15:57
  seed.
• 15:58
  Probably.
• 15:58
  Okay,
• 15:58
  so
• 15:58
  black
• 15:59
  oil
• 15:59
  sunflower
• 16:00
  seeds
• 16:00
  illegally,
• 16:01
  they're
• 16:01
  great,
• 16:02
  but
• 16:02
  they're
• 16:02
  here
• 16:02
  now.
• 16:02
  Birds
• 16:03
  love
• 16:03
  them.
• 16:04
  What
• 16:04
  else?
• 16:04
  First,
• 16:05
  the
• 16:05
  food
• 16:05
  that
• 16:06
  you
• 16:06
  offer
• 16:06
  birds
• 16:07
  should
• 16:07
  reflect
• 16:08
  the
• 16:08
  birds
• 16:08
  that
• 16:08
  you
• 16:08
  want
• 16:09
  to
• 16:09
  attract,
• 16:09
  right?
• 16:09
  Not
• 16:09
  all
• 16:10
  birds
• 16:10
  eat
• 16:11
  the
• 16:11
  same
• 16:11
  kinds
• 16:11
  of
• 16:11
  food.
• 16:12
  So
• 16:12
  we
• 16:12
  actually
• 16:13
  do
• 16:13
  have
• 16:13
  a
• 16:13
  really
• 16:13
  great
• 16:14
  resource
• 16:14
  on
• 16:14
  our
• 16:15
  website,
• 16:15
  an
• 16:15
  interactive
• 16:16
  tool
• 16:16
  that
• 16:16
  allows
• 16:17
  you
• 16:17
  to
• 16:17
  explore
• 16:18
  what
• 16:18
  types
• 16:19
  of
• 16:19
  food
• 16:19
  and
• 16:20
  what
• 16:20
  types
• 16:20
  of
• 16:20
  feeders
• 16:21
  attract
• 16:22
  various
• 16:23
  feeder
• 16:24
  birds.
• 16:24
  So
• 16:24
  if
• 16:25
  you
• 16:25
  were
• 16:25
  really
• 16:25
  excited
• 16:26
  about
• 16:26
  attracting
• 16:27
  northern
• 16:28
  cardinals
• 16:28
  to
• 16:29
  your
• 16:29
  yard
• 16:29
  or
• 16:30
  feeding
• 16:30
  dark
• 16:31
  eyed
• 16:31
  juncos,
• 16:31
  you
• 16:31
  could
• 16:32
  actually
• 16:32
  explore,
• 16:33
  given
• 16:33
  where
• 16:34
  you
• 16:34
  live
• 16:35
  and
• 16:35
  what
• 16:35
  types
• 16:36
  of
• 16:36
  feeders
• 16:36
  you
• 16:36
  might
• 16:37
  want
• 16:37
  to
• 16:37
  buy
• 16:38
  and
• 16:38
  put
• 16:38
  up
• 16:38
  at
• 16:38
  your
• 16:39
  yard
• 16:39
  or
• 16:39
  your
• 16:40
  count
• 16:40
  site,
• 16:40
  what
• 16:40
  food
• 16:41
  you
• 16:41
  could
• 16:41
  offer
• 16:41
  to
• 16:42
  bring
• 16:42
  in
• 16:42
  those
• 16:42
  species.
• 16:43
  So
• 16:43
  highly
• 16:44
  recommend
• 16:44
  folks
• 16:45
  explore
• 16:45
  that
• 16:45
  tool.
• 16:45
  It's
• 16:46
  really
• 16:46
  fun.
• 16:47
  I
• 16:47
  also
• 16:47
  think
• 16:48
  it's
• 16:48
  important
• 16:48
  to
• 16:48
  remember
• 16:48
  that
• 16:49
  feeders
• 16:49
  are
• 16:49
  not
• 16:49
  the
• 16:49
  only
• 16:50
  way
• 16:50
  to
• 16:50
  feed
• 16:50
  birds.
• 16:51
  And
• 16:51
  in
• 16:51
  fact,
• 16:51
  they're
• 16:52
  not
• 16:52
  the
• 16:52
  best
• 16:52
  way
• 16:52
  to
• 16:52
  feed
• 16:53
  birds.
• 16:53
  The
• 16:53
  best
• 16:54
  way
• 16:54
  to
• 16:54
  feed
• 16:54
  birds
• 16:55
  is
• 16:55
  to
• 16:56
  plant
• 16:56
  a
• 16:56
  native
• 16:56
  garden.
• 16:57
  And
• 16:57
  this
• 16:57
  is
• 16:58
  true
• 16:58
  whether
• 16:58
  you
• 16:58
  live
• 16:58
  in
• 16:58
  a
• 16:59
  cityscape.
• 17:00
  I
• 17:01
  lived
• 17:01
  in
• 17:02
  West
• 17:03
  LA
• 17:03
  during
• 17:03
  my
• 17:04
  postdoc
• 17:04
  at
• 17:04
  UCLA
• 17:05
  and
• 17:05
  I'd
• 17:05
  only
• 17:05
  had
• 17:06
  a
• 17:06
  balcony,
• 17:06
  but
• 17:06
  I
• 17:06
  still
• 17:07
  tried
• 17:07
  in
• 17:07
  that
• 17:08
  balcony
• 17:08
  to
• 17:09
  plant
• 17:09
  native
• 17:09
  gardens.
• 17:10
  Even
• 17:11
  container
• 17:11
  gardens
• 17:12
  are
• 17:12
  helpful
• 17:12
  to
• 17:13
  birds.
• 17:13
  Yeah,
• 17:13
  I
• 17:13
  mean,
• 17:13
  and
• 17:14
  I
• 17:14
  said
• 17:14
  something
• 17:14
  really
• 17:14
  similar
• 17:15
  on
• 17:15
  a
• 17:15
  previous
• 17:15
  episode
• 17:16
  just
• 17:16
  from
• 17:16
  a
• 17:16
  few
• 17:17
  weeks
• 17:17
  ago
• 17:17
  where
• 17:17
  we
• 17:18
  talked
• 17:18
  to
• 17:18
  Doug
• 17:18
  Tallamy
• 17:19
  about,
• 17:19
  okay,
• 17:20
  what
• 17:20
  makes
• 17:20
  a
• 17:20
  yard
• 17:20
  a
• 17:21
  bird
• 17:21
  paradise
• 17:21
  and
• 17:22
  that
• 17:22
  feeders
• 17:22
  are
• 17:23
  one
• 17:23
  piece
• 17:23
  of
• 17:23
  it.
• 17:24
  But
• 17:24
  if
• 17:24
  you
• 17:24
  really
• 17:24
  want
• 17:24
  to
• 17:25
  make
• 17:25
  your
• 17:25
  yard
• 17:25
  a
• 17:25
  bird
• 17:25
  paradise,
• 17:26
  you
• 17:26
  have
• 17:26
  to
• 17:26
  plant
• 17:26
  native
• 17:27
  plants
• 17:27
  to
• 17:28
  attract
• 17:28
  those
• 17:28
  insects
• 17:29
  and
• 17:29
  provide
• 17:29
  food
• 17:30
  for
• 17:30
  birds
• 17:31
  and
• 17:31
  potentially
• 17:32
  nesting
• 17:32
  resources
• 17:33
  for
• 17:33
  birds.
• 17:33
  So
• 17:33
  yeah,
• 17:34
  totally
• 17:35
  agree
• 17:35
  with
• 17:35
  you
• 17:35
  on
• 17:35
  that.
• 17:36
  Is
• 17:36
  there
• 17:36
  a
• 17:36
  time
• 17:37
  when
• 17:37
  you
• 17:37
  should
• 17:37
  pause
• 17:38
  feeding
• 17:38
  or
• 17:39
  stop
• 17:39
  feeding
• 17:40
  or
• 17:40
  change
• 17:40
  the
• 17:40
  way
• 17:40
  you're
• 17:41
  feeding?
• 17:41
  Bird
• 17:42
  flu
• 17:42
  is
• 17:42
  impacting
• 17:42
  about
• 17:43
  17%
• 17:43
  of
• 17:44
  the
• 17:44
  species
• 17:44
  of
• 17:44
  birds
• 17:44
  in
• 17:45
  North
• 17:45
  America
• 17:45
  right
• 17:45
  now.
• 17:46
  And
• 17:46
  I'm
• 17:46
  sure
• 17:46
  people
• 17:46
  are
• 17:47
  curious
• 17:47
  if
• 17:47
  there's
• 17:47
  anything
• 17:48
  they
• 17:48
  should
• 17:49
  be
• 17:49
  doing
• 17:49
  with
• 17:50
  respect
• 17:50
  to
• 17:50
  bird
• 17:50
  feeders
• 17:52
  and
• 17:52
  bird
• 17:52
  flu.
• 17:53
  I
• 17:53
  Get
• 17:53
  that
• 17:53
  question
• 17:53
  a
• 17:54
  lot
• 17:54
  at
• 17:54
  Project
• 17:54
  Feeder
• 17:55
  Watch.
• 17:56
  Yeah.
• 17:57
  So
• 17:57
  in
• 17:57
  general,
• 17:58
  if
• 17:58
  you
• 17:58
  observe
• 17:59
  a
• 18:00
  sick
• 18:00
  bird
• 18:01
  at
• 18:01
  your
• 18:01
  feeders,
• 18:02
  you
• 18:02
  should
• 18:02
  take
• 18:02
  your
• 18:02
  feeders
• 18:03
  down
• 18:03
  for
• 18:03
  a
• 18:03
  short
• 18:04
  period
• 18:04
  of
• 18:04
  time.
• 18:04
  We
• 18:04
  recommend
• 18:05
  taking
• 18:05
  your
• 18:05
  feeders
• 18:06
  down
• 18:06
  for
• 18:06
  two
• 18:06
  weeks,
• 18:06
  giving
• 18:07
  them
• 18:07
  a
• 18:07
  good
• 18:07
  clean,
• 18:08
  and
• 18:08
  then
• 18:08
  putting
• 18:08
  them
• 18:09
  back
• 18:09
  up.
• 18:09
  Ideally,
• 18:10
  you
• 18:10
  would
• 18:10
  also
• 18:10
  disinfect
• 18:11
  your
• 18:11
  feeders.
• 18:14
  Now,
• 18:14
  something
• 18:14
  to
• 18:14
  keep
• 18:14
  in
• 18:15
  mind
• 18:15
  is
• 18:15
  that
• 18:16
  the
• 18:16
  two
• 18:16
  weeks,
• 18:17
  it's
• 18:17
  not
• 18:18
  based
• 18:18
  on
• 18:18
  any
• 18:18
  science.
• 18:19
  Right.
• 18:19
  We're
• 18:20
  guessing
• 18:20
  that
• 18:20
  two
• 18:21
  weeks
• 18:21
  is
• 18:21
  enough
• 18:21
  time
• 18:22
  for
• 18:22
  that
• 18:22
  sick
• 18:22
  bird
• 18:23
  to
• 18:23
  have
• 18:23
  left
• 18:24
  your
• 18:24
  yard,
• 18:24
  moved
• 18:25
  on
• 18:25
  from
• 18:25
  your
• 18:25
  campsite,
• 18:26
  or
• 18:27
  passed
• 18:27
  away.
• 18:29
  That
• 18:29
  might
• 18:29
  not
• 18:29
  be
• 18:29
  the
• 18:29
  case.
• 18:30
  And
• 18:30
  it's
• 18:31
  also
• 18:31
  possible
• 18:32
  that
• 18:32
  that
• 18:32
  advice
• 18:33
  is
• 18:33
  inherently
• 18:34
  flawed
• 18:35
  because
• 18:35
  by
• 18:35
  taking
• 18:35
  down
• 18:36
  one
• 18:36
  feeder,
• 18:37
  birds
• 18:37
  might
• 18:38
  congregate
• 18:38
  in
• 18:39
  another
• 18:39
  spot.
• 18:39
  Maybe
• 18:40
  your
• 18:40
  neighbor
• 18:40
  didn't
• 18:41
  notice
• 18:41
  the
• 18:42
  sick
• 18:42
  bird.
• 18:42
  Right.
• 18:43
  And
• 18:43
  so
• 18:43
  the
• 18:43
  sick
• 18:43
  bird
• 18:44
  is
• 18:44
  moving
• 18:44
  from
• 18:44
  your
• 18:45
  feeder
• 18:45
  to
• 18:45
  your
• 18:45
  neighbor's
• 18:46
  feeder,
• 18:46
  back
• 18:46
  and
• 18:46
  forth
• 18:46
  all
• 18:47
  day
• 18:47
  long.
• 18:47
  You
• 18:47
  take
• 18:47
  your
• 18:47
  feeder
• 18:48
  down,
• 18:48
  and
• 18:48
  now
• 18:48
  it's
• 18:48
  spending
• 18:49
  more
• 18:49
  time
• 18:50
  with
• 18:51
  birds
• 18:51
  in
• 18:51
  a
• 18:52
  more
• 18:52
  tightly
• 18:53
  crowded,
• 18:54
  more
• 18:54
  congregated
• 18:55
  setting.
• 18:56
  And
• 18:56
  that's
• 18:56
  actually
• 18:57
  riskier.
• 18:58
  So
• 18:59
  that's
• 18:59
  a
• 18:59
  hard
• 19:00
  one.
• 19:00
  I
• 19:01
  think
• 19:01
  the
• 19:01
  two
• 19:01
  week
• 19:01
  rule
• 19:02
  makes
• 19:02
  sense,
• 19:02
  but
• 19:04
  there
• 19:04
  is
• 19:04
  a
• 19:05
  question
• 19:05
  there
• 19:05
  that
• 19:06
  I
• 19:06
  think
• 19:06
  is
• 19:06
  ripe
• 19:06
  for
• 19:07
  discovery.
• 19:07
  Putting
• 19:08
  the
• 19:08
  idea
• 19:08
  out
• 19:08
  there
• 19:09
  for
• 19:09
  grad
• 19:09
  students.
• 19:09
  How
• 19:10
  long
• 19:11
  is
• 19:11
  long
• 19:11
  enough
• 19:12
  to
• 19:13
  prevent
• 19:13
  transmission
• 19:14
  of
• 19:15
  diseases
• 19:16
  that
• 19:16
  birds
• 19:16
  carry?
• 19:17
  How
• 19:17
  long
• 19:17
  should
• 19:17
  we
• 19:18
  keep
• 19:18
  our
• 19:18
  feeders
• 19:18
  down?
• 19:22
  Can
• 19:22
  you
• 19:22
  tell
• 19:23
  us
• 19:23
  a
• 19:23
  little
• 19:23
  bit
• 19:23
  more
• 19:23
  about
• 19:23
  Project
• 19:24
  Feeder
• 19:24
  Watch
• 19:24
  and
• 19:24
  how
• 19:24
  people
• 19:25
  get
• 19:25
  involved?
• 19:25
  Sure.
• 19:26
  So
• 19:26
  Project
• 19:26
  Feeder
• 19:27
  Watch
• 19:27
  is
• 19:27
  an
• 19:28
  international
• 19:28
  participatory
• 19:29
  science
• 19:30
  monitoring
• 19:30
  program
• 19:31
  that
• 19:31
  helps
• 19:31
  us
• 19:32
  keep
• 19:32
  tabs
• 19:32
  on
• 19:32
  winter
• 19:33
  birds
• 19:33
  in
• 19:34
  Canada
• 19:34
  and
• 19:34
  the
• 19:34
  United
• 19:35
  States.
• 19:35
  And
• 19:36
  folks
• 19:36
  can
• 19:36
  sign
• 19:37
  up
• 19:37
  anytime
• 19:38
  between
• 19:39
  November
• 19:39
  and
• 19:40
  April.
• 19:40
  And
• 19:41
  we
• 19:41
  keep
• 19:41
  track
• 19:42
  of
• 19:42
  birds
• 19:42
  on
• 19:43
  a
• 19:43
  weekly
• 19:43
  basis
• 19:44
  throughout
• 19:44
  the
• 19:44
  winter
• 19:45
  season.
• 19:46
  So
• 19:46
  folks
• 19:46
  who
• 19:47
  participate
• 19:47
  in
• 19:47
  Feeder
• 19:48
  Watch
• 19:48
  conduct
• 19:49
  a
• 19:49
  two
• 19:49
  day
• 19:50
  count
• 19:50
  on
• 19:51
  a
• 19:51
  weekly
• 19:51
  basis
• 19:52
  from
• 19:52
  November
• 19:52
  through
• 19:53
  April.
• 19:53
  The
• 19:54
  two
• 19:54
  day
• 19:54
  count
• 19:54
  allows
• 19:55
  us
• 19:55
  to
• 19:56
  to
• 19:56
  keep
• 19:56
  tabs
• 19:57
  on
• 19:57
  the
• 19:57
  birds
• 19:58
  that
• 19:58
  are
• 19:58
  in
• 19:58
  your
• 19:58
  yard
• 19:59
  and
• 19:59
  shared
• 20:00
  with
• 20:00
  your
• 20:00
  neighbors
• 20:01
  and
• 20:01
  who
• 20:02
  make
• 20:02
  our
• 20:02
  communities
• 20:03
  home.
• 20:04
  The
• 20:04
  count
• 20:05
  protocol
• 20:05
  is
• 20:06
  fairly
• 20:06
  straightforward,
• 20:07
  but
• 20:07
  it's
• 20:07
  different
• 20:08
  than
• 20:08
  some
• 20:09
  of
• 20:09
  the
• 20:09
  other
• 20:09
  surveys
• 20:10
  that
• 20:10
  folks
• 20:10
  might
• 20:10
  have
• 20:11
  already
• 20:11
  been
• 20:11
  engaged
• 20:12
  in,
• 20:12
  such
• 20:12
  as
• 20:12
  ebird,
• 20:13
  the
• 20:13
  Christmas
• 20:14
  bird
• 20:14
  count
• 20:14
  over
• 20:15
  your
• 20:15
  two
• 20:15
  day
• 20:15
  count,
• 20:15
  you
• 20:16
  keep
• 20:16
  track
• 20:16
  of
• 20:16
  all
• 20:16
  the
• 20:17
  different
• 20:17
  species
• 20:17
  that
• 20:18
  visit
• 20:18
  your
• 20:18
  count
• 20:18
  site.
• 20:19
  And
• 20:19
  the
• 20:19
  count
• 20:19
  site
• 20:20
  could
• 20:20
  have
• 20:20
  a
• 20:20
  feeder,
• 20:21
  but
• 20:21
  it
• 20:21
  doesn't
• 20:21
  have
• 20:21
  to.
• 20:22
  And
• 20:22
  we
• 20:22
  record
• 20:23
  the
• 20:23
  maximum
• 20:24
  number
• 20:24
  of
• 20:24
  birds
• 20:25
  that
• 20:25
  we
• 20:25
  observe
• 20:26
  at
• 20:26
  any
• 20:26
  given
• 20:27
  time.
• 20:27
  And
• 20:27
  then
• 20:27
  on
• 20:27
  our
• 20:28
  end,
• 20:28
  we
• 20:28
  use
• 20:28
  all
• 20:28
  of
• 20:28
  this
• 20:29
  data
• 20:29
  to
• 20:30
  keep
• 20:30
  track
• 20:31
  of
• 20:31
  birds
• 20:31
  and
• 20:31
  to
• 20:32
  monitor
• 20:32
  trends
• 20:32
  over
• 20:33
  time
• 20:33
  and
• 20:33
  learn
• 20:33
  more
• 20:33
  about
• 20:34
  interesting
• 20:34
  behavioral
• 20:35
  interactions
• 20:36
  and
• 20:36
  relationships
• 20:36
  with
• 20:37
  habitat.
• 20:38
  Feeder
• 20:39
  Watch
• 20:39
  is
• 20:39
  an
• 20:39
  Incredibly
• 20:40
  powerful
• 20:40
  data
• 20:40
  set
• 20:41
  because
• 20:41
  it
• 20:41
  goes
• 20:41
  back
• 20:42
  40
• 20:42
  years.
• 20:42
  It's
• 20:43
  one
• 20:43
  of
• 20:43
  the
• 20:43
  longest
• 20:44
  running
• 20:44
  participatory
• 20:44
  science
• 20:45
  monitoring
• 20:45
  programs
• 20:46
  in
• 20:46
  modern
• 20:47
  times.
• 20:47
  And
• 20:47
  this
• 20:48
  year
• 20:48
  we're
• 20:48
  celebrating
• 20:48
  our
• 20:49
  40th
• 20:49
  anniversary
• 20:50
  with
• 20:50
  lots
• 20:50
  of
• 20:50
  exciting
• 20:51
  events
• 20:51
  and
• 20:51
  featuring
• 20:52
  the
• 20:52
  voices
• 20:53
  of
• 20:53
  longtime
• 20:54
  fear
• 20:54
  watchers
• 20:54
  who
• 20:55
  have
• 20:55
  been
• 20:55
  doing
• 20:55
  this
• 20:56
  for
• 20:56
  25,
• 20:57
  30,
• 20:57
  almost
• 20:58
  40
• 20:58
  years.
• 20:59
  In
• 20:59
  some
• 20:59
  cases
• 20:59
  right
• 21:00
  from
• 21:00
  the
• 21:00
  same
• 21:00
  spot.
• 21:01
  Yeah.
• 21:02
  Been
• 21:02
  around
• 21:02
  that
• 21:03
  long.
• 21:03
  That's
• 21:03
  amazing,
• 21:04
  actually.
• 21:04
  I
• 21:05
  know.
• 21:05
  I
• 21:05
  mean,
• 21:05
  I
• 21:05
  knew
• 21:05
  about
• 21:05
  Project
• 21:06
  Theater
• 21:06
  Watch,
• 21:06
  but
• 21:06
  I
• 21:06
  didn't
• 21:07
  know
• 21:07
  it
• 21:07
  had
• 21:07
  been
• 21:07
  running
• 21:07
  for
• 21:08
  40
• 21:08
  years
• 21:08
  now.
• 21:09
  That's
• 21:09
  incredible.
• 21:10
  You
• 21:10
  started
• 21:10
  as
• 21:10
  the
• 21:11
  head
• 21:11
  of
• 21:11
  Project
• 21:11
  Feeder
• 21:12
  Watch
• 21:12
  relatively
• 21:12
  recently,
• 21:13
  but
• 21:13
  what
• 21:13
  are
• 21:14
  some
• 21:14
  of
• 21:14
  the
• 21:15
  most
• 21:15
  interesting
• 21:15
  insights
• 21:16
  that,
• 21:16
  that
• 21:16
  you
• 21:17
  think
• 21:17
  have
• 21:17
  come
• 21:17
  out
• 21:17
  of
• 21:18
  this,
• 21:18
  this
• 21:18
  really
• 21:18
  long
• 21:19
  term
• 21:19
  data
• 21:19
  set
• 21:19
  of
• 21:20
  participatory
• 21:20
  science?
• 21:21
  The
• 21:22
  most
• 21:22
  important
• 21:24
  story
• 21:24
  that
• 21:24
  Feeder
• 21:25
  Watch
• 21:25
  tells
• 21:26
  is
• 21:26
  of
• 21:27
  the
• 21:27
  changing
• 21:28
  abundance
• 21:29
  of
• 21:29
  wintertime
• 21:29
  birds.
• 21:30
  And
• 21:31
  we're
• 21:31
  seeing
• 21:32
  across
• 21:32
  many
• 21:33
  different
• 21:33
  common
• 21:33
  feeder
• 21:34
  birds
• 21:34
  that
• 21:34
  populations
• 21:35
  are
• 21:35
  declining,
• 21:36
  that
• 21:36
  we
• 21:36
  don't
• 21:36
  see
• 21:37
  as
• 21:37
  many
• 21:38
  birds
• 21:38
  in
• 21:39
  the
• 21:39
  flocks
• 21:39
  that
• 21:39
  visit
• 21:40
  our
• 21:40
  count
• 21:40
  sites
• 21:40
  as
• 21:41
  we
• 21:41
  did
• 21:41
  20
• 21:41
  or
• 21:42
  30
• 21:42
  years
• 21:42
  ago.
• 21:42
  That's
• 21:43
  important
• 21:43
  because
• 21:43
  that
• 21:44
  dovetails
• 21:44
  with
• 21:45
  many
• 21:45
  other
• 21:46
  studies
• 21:46
  that
• 21:46
  are
• 21:47
  documenting
• 21:47
  the
• 21:47
  decline
• 21:48
  of
• 21:48
  North
• 21:48
  American
• 21:49
  AV
• 21:49
  fauna.
• 21:50
  Because
• 21:50
  birth
• 21:50
  Feeder
• 21:51
  Watch
• 21:51
  collects
• 21:51
  data
• 21:51
  in
• 21:52
  a
• 21:52
  very
• 21:52
  different
• 21:52
  way
• 21:53
  than
• 21:53
  other
• 21:53
  long
• 21:54
  term
• 21:54
  and
• 21:54
  participatory
• 21:55
  science
• 21:55
  monitoring
• 21:55
  programs.
• 21:56
  Telling
• 21:57
  the
• 21:57
  same
• 21:57
  story.
• 21:58
  With
• 21:59
  this
• 21:59
  novel
• 21:59
  data
• 22:00
  set
• 22:00
  that
• 22:00
  goes
• 22:00
  back
• 22:01
  so
• 22:01
  far,
• 22:01
  in
• 22:01
  most
• 22:02
  cases,
• 22:02
  farther
• 22:03
  than
• 22:03
  other
• 22:04
  examples
• 22:04
  of
• 22:05
  monitoring
• 22:05
  programs
• 22:06
  tells
• 22:07
  us
• 22:07
  that
• 22:08
  we
• 22:08
  have
• 22:08
  this
• 22:08
  story
• 22:09
  right.
• 22:09
  Birds
• 22:09
  are
• 22:10
  declining,
• 22:10
  and
• 22:11
  I
• 22:11
  think
• 22:11
  that
• 22:11
  that
• 22:12
  will
• 22:13
  and
• 22:13
  does
• 22:14
  motivate
• 22:14
  conservation
• 22:15
  action.
• 22:16
  We
• 22:16
  also
• 22:17
  have
• 22:17
  learned
• 22:17
  some
• 22:18
  really
• 22:18
  interesting
• 22:19
  things
• 22:19
  about
• 22:20
  bird
• 22:20
  behavior.
• 22:21
  Which
• 22:21
  species
• 22:22
  are
• 22:22
  dominant
• 22:23
  or
• 22:23
  more
• 22:23
  aggressive
• 22:24
  at
• 22:24
  feeders,
• 22:24
  for
• 22:25
  example?
• 22:26
  And
• 22:26
  we've
• 22:26
  learned
• 22:27
  more
• 22:27
  about
• 22:28
  range
• 22:28
  expansions
• 22:29
  in
• 22:30
  recent
• 22:30
  times.
• 22:31
  Where
• 22:32
  they
• 22:32
  spend
• 22:32
  their
• 22:32
  winters
• 22:32
  is
• 22:33
  changing.
• 22:33
  And
• 22:34
  then
• 22:34
  you
• 22:34
  brought
• 22:34
  up
• 22:34
  this
• 22:35
  dominance
• 22:36
  research
• 22:37
  that's
• 22:37
  been
• 22:37
  done
• 22:37
  using
• 22:38
  Project
• 22:38
  Feeder
• 22:38
  Watch
• 22:39
  observations.
• 22:39
  Can
• 22:39
  you
• 22:39
  tell
• 22:40
  us
• 22:40
  a
• 22:40
  little
• 22:40
  bit
• 22:40
  more
• 22:40
  about
• 22:40
  that?
• 22:41
  So
• 22:41
  a
• 22:41
  few
• 22:41
  years
• 22:41
  ago,
• 22:42
  Project
• 22:42
  Feeder
• 22:43
  Watch
• 22:43
  expanded
• 22:44
  to
• 22:44
  include
• 22:45
  behavioral
• 22:45
  interactions.
• 22:46
  So
• 22:47
  we
• 22:47
  don't
• 22:47
  have
• 22:47
  a
• 22:47
  data
• 22:48
  set
• 22:48
  on
• 22:48
  behavioral
• 22:48
  interactions
• 22:49
  going
• 22:49
  back
• 22:50
  to
• 22:50
  1986,
• 22:51
  the
• 22:51
  very
• 22:51
  beginning
• 22:52
  of
• 22:52
  modern
• 22:52
  day
• 22:53
  Project
• 22:53
  Feeder
• 22:53
  Watch,
• 22:53
  but
• 22:54
  we
• 22:54
  do
• 22:54
  have
• 22:55
  a
• 22:55
  robust
• 22:56
  data
• 22:56
  set
• 22:57
  that
• 22:57
  covers
• 22:57
  several
• 22:58
  years
• 22:58
  that
• 22:59
  includes
• 22:59
  not
• 22:59
  only
• 23:00
  the
• 23:00
  counts,
• 23:00
  but
• 23:01
  also
• 23:01
  the
• 23:01
  interactions
• 23:02
  between
• 23:03
  birds
• 23:03
  in
• 23:04
  count
• 23:04
  sites.
• 23:04
  So
• 23:05
  feeder
• 23:05
  watchers
• 23:05
  are
• 23:06
  encouraged
• 23:06
  to
• 23:06
  not
• 23:06
  only
• 23:07
  record
• 23:08
  the
• 23:08
  total
• 23:08
  number
• 23:08
  of
• 23:09
  birds
• 23:09
  of
• 23:09
  each
• 23:09
  species
• 23:10
  that
• 23:10
  they
• 23:10
  observe
• 23:10
  during
• 23:10
  their
• 23:11
  two
• 23:11
  day
• 23:11
  count,
• 23:11
  but
• 23:12
  also
• 23:12
  the
• 23:12
  behavioral
• 23:13
  interactions
• 23:13
  that
• 23:13
  they
• 23:14
  observe
• 23:14
  between
• 23:15
  those
• 23:15
  birds.
• 23:15
  And
• 23:16
  those
• 23:16
  could
• 23:16
  be
• 23:16
  birds
• 23:16
  of
• 23:17
  the
• 23:17
  same
• 23:17
  species
• 23:17
  or
• 23:18
  birds
• 23:18
  of
• 23:18
  different
• 23:18
  species.
• 23:19
  And
• 23:19
  we're
• 23:20
  primarily
• 23:20
  focused
• 23:20
  on
• 23:21
  two
• 23:21
  types
• 23:21
  of
• 23:21
  behavior
• 23:22
  interactions.
• 23:23
  One,
• 23:23
  displacement
• 23:24
  and
• 23:25
  two,
• 23:25
  predation
• 23:27
  so
• 23:27
  displacement
• 23:28
  occurs
• 23:28
  when
• 23:29
  one
• 23:29
  bird
• 23:30
  swoops
• 23:31
  in
• 23:31
  and
• 23:32
  displaces
• 23:33
  or
• 23:33
  kicks
• 23:34
  out
• 23:34
  another
• 23:35
  bird.
• 23:35
  And
• 23:35
  this
• 23:36
  might
• 23:36
  be
• 23:36
  because
• 23:37
  the
• 23:38
  aggressive
• 23:38
  bird
• 23:39
  or
• 23:39
  the
• 23:39
  more
• 23:39
  dominant
• 23:40
  bird
• 23:41
  wants
• 23:41
  a
• 23:42
  perch
• 23:42
  or
• 23:43
  the
• 23:44
  best
• 23:44
  spot
• 23:44
  on
• 23:44
  the
• 23:44
  feeder,
• 23:45
  or
• 23:46
  that
• 23:46
  really
• 23:46
  big
• 23:47
  glossy
• 23:48
  black
• 23:48
  oil
• 23:48
  sunflower
• 23:49
  seed.
• 23:49
  Right.
• 23:50
  So
• 23:50
  there
• 23:50
  are
• 23:51
  lots
• 23:51
  of
• 23:51
  things
• 23:51
  that
• 23:52
  birds
• 23:52
  are
• 23:52
  competing
• 23:53
  for
• 23:54
  in
• 23:54
  their
• 23:54
  environment.
• 23:55
  And
• 23:56
  displacement
• 23:57
  happens
• 23:57
  quite
• 23:58
  commonly.
• 23:59
  And
• 23:59
  by
• 23:59
  asking
• 24:00
  feeder
• 24:00
  watchers
• 24:01
  to
• 24:01
  tell
• 24:01
  us
• 24:01
  when
• 24:01
  they
• 24:01
  observe
• 24:02
  displacement
• 24:02
  and
• 24:03
  noting
• 24:03
  which
• 24:04
  species
• 24:04
  are
• 24:04
  displacing
• 24:06
  each
• 24:06
  other,
• 24:07
  that
• 24:07
  will
• 24:07
  help
• 24:07
  us
• 24:08
  learn
• 24:08
  more
• 24:08
  about
• 24:09
  the
• 24:09
  relationships
• 24:10
  that
• 24:10
  birds
• 24:10
  have
• 24:11
  with
• 24:11
  each
• 24:11
  other
• 24:12
  and
• 24:12
  dominance
• 24:13
  hierarchies.
• 24:14
  In
• 24:14
  these
• 24:15
  bird
• 24:15
  communities.
• 24:16
  Predation
• 24:17
  is
• 24:17
  more
• 24:17
  self
• 24:18
  explanatory.
• 24:18
  We
• 24:19
  all
• 24:19
  know
• 24:19
  that
• 24:19
  there
• 24:19
  are
• 24:20
  birds
• 24:20
  of
• 24:20
  prey.
• 24:21
  They
• 24:21
  feed
• 24:22
  on
• 24:22
  smaller
• 24:22
  birds.
• 24:24
  In
• 24:24
  the
• 24:24
  context
• 24:25
  of
• 24:25
  the
• 24:25
  feeder
• 24:25
  water
• 24:25
  data
• 24:26
  set,
• 24:26
  most
• 24:26
  of
• 24:26
  our
• 24:27
  predation
• 24:27
  records
• 24:28
  are
• 24:28
  of
• 24:29
  hawks,
• 24:30
  such
• 24:30
  as
• 24:30
  sharp
• 24:31
  shinned
• 24:31
  hawks
• 24:32
  and
• 24:32
  Cooper's
• 24:32
  hawks,
• 24:35
  swooping
• 24:35
  in
• 24:35
  and
• 24:36
  grabbing
• 24:37
  birds
• 24:37
  near
• 24:37
  feeders.
• 24:39
  But
• 24:39
  it's
• 24:39
  interesting
• 24:40
  to
• 24:40
  learn
• 24:40
  more
• 24:41
  about
• 24:41
  how
• 24:42
  predation
• 24:42
  occurs
• 24:43
  and
• 24:43
  which
• 24:43
  species
• 24:44
  are
• 24:44
  successful
• 24:44
  and
• 24:45
  which
• 24:45
  species
• 24:45
  are
• 24:47
  less
• 24:47
  successful
• 24:48
  at
• 24:48
  escaping.
• 24:49
  And
• 24:49
  so
• 24:50
  we
• 24:50
  have
• 24:50
  this
• 24:50
  really
• 24:50
  cool
• 24:50
  data
• 24:51
  set
• 24:51
  that
• 24:51
  helps
• 24:51
  us
• 24:52
  explore
• 24:52
  those.
• 24:52
  And
• 24:52
  a
• 24:52
  few
• 24:53
  years
• 24:53
  ago,
• 24:54
  Feeder
• 24:54
  watch
• 24:54
  actually
• 24:55
  published
• 24:56
  a
• 24:56
  dominance
• 24:57
  hierarchy
• 24:58
  looking
• 24:58
  at
• 24:58
  which
• 24:58
  birds
• 24:59
  were
• 25:00
  most
• 25:00
  successful
• 25:00
  at
• 25:00
  feeders.
• 25:01
  And
• 25:01
  for
• 25:01
  the
• 25:01
  most
• 25:01
  part,
• 25:02
  we
• 25:02
  found
• 25:03
  that
• 25:03
  size
• 25:04
  was
• 25:04
  a
• 25:04
  good
• 25:04
  predictor
• 25:05
  of
• 25:05
  which
• 25:05
  species
• 25:06
  are
• 25:06
  better
• 25:07
  at
• 25:07
  displacement
• 25:08
  and
• 25:08
  more
• 25:08
  successful
• 25:09
  in
• 25:09
  predation.
• 25:10
  But
• 25:10
  that
• 25:10
  wasn't
• 25:10
  always
• 25:11
  the
• 25:11
  case.
• 25:15
  There
• 25:15
  are
• 25:15
  things
• 25:16
  people
• 25:16
  feed
• 25:16
  birds
• 25:17
  that
• 25:17
  are
• 25:17
  not
• 25:17
  good
• 25:17
  for
• 25:18
  them.
• 25:18
  You
• 25:18
  know,
• 25:18
  feeding
• 25:19
  ducks
• 25:19
  bread
• 25:20
  is.
• 25:21
  It's
• 25:21
  like
• 25:21
  calorically
• 25:22
  not
• 25:23
  good
• 25:23
  for
• 25:23
  them
• 25:23
  at
• 25:23
  all.
• 25:24
  I
• 25:24
  think
• 25:24
  that's
• 25:24
  my
• 25:25
  biggest
• 25:25
  pet
• 25:26
  peeve.
• 25:26
  Like,
• 25:26
  of
• 25:26
  all
• 25:27
  things,
• 25:27
  so
• 25:27
  annoying.
• 25:28
  It's
• 25:29
  so
• 25:29
  annoying.
• 25:29
  And
• 25:30
  I
• 25:30
  try
• 25:31
  to
• 25:32
  be
• 25:32
  nice
• 25:32
  about
• 25:32
  it.
• 25:33
  I
• 25:33
  try
• 25:34
  to
• 25:34
  provide
• 25:34
  advice
• 25:36
  that
• 25:38
  doesn't
• 25:38
  make
• 25:39
  people
• 25:39
  feel
• 25:40
  bad
• 25:41
  for
• 25:41
  feeding
• 25:42
  ducks
• 25:42
  because
• 25:42
  it
• 25:43
  is
• 25:43
  something
• 25:43
  that
• 25:43
  we've
• 25:44
  been
• 25:44
  doing
• 25:44
  for
• 25:44
  a
• 25:44
  very
• 25:44
  long
• 25:45
  time.
• 25:45
  It's
• 25:45
  something
• 25:45
  that
• 25:45
  we
• 25:45
  were
• 25:46
  taught
• 25:46
  to
• 25:46
  do
• 25:46
  as
• 25:46
  children.
• 25:47
  I
• 25:47
  remember
• 25:48
  being
• 25:48
  handed
• 25:49
  bags
• 25:49
  of
• 25:49
  bread
• 25:49
  to
• 25:50
  feed
• 25:50
  ducks.
• 25:51
  I
• 25:51
  remember
• 25:51
  going
• 25:51
  out
• 25:52
  and
• 25:52
  throwing
• 25:53
  bread
• 25:53
  into
• 25:54
  the
• 25:54
  water
• 25:54
  to
• 25:54
  feed
• 25:55
  ducks
• 25:55
  on
• 25:56
  Lake
• 25:56
  Mendota
• 25:57
  and
• 25:57
  Lake
• 25:57
  Monona
• 25:57
  and
• 25:58
  Madison,
• 25:58
  where
• 25:58
  I
• 25:58
  grew
• 25:58
  up.
• 25:59
  But
• 26:00
  it's
• 26:00
  not
• 26:00
  good
• 26:00
  for
• 26:00
  them.
• 26:01
  And
• 26:01
  it
• 26:01
  leads
• 26:01
  to
• 26:01
  horrible
• 26:02
  water
• 26:02
  quality
• 26:03
  issues.
• 26:03
  If
• 26:03
  you
• 26:03
  care
• 26:04
  about
• 26:04
  clean
• 26:05
  water
• 26:05
  and
• 26:06
  healthy
• 26:06
  fish
• 26:06
  populations
• 26:07
  and
• 26:07
  healthy
• 26:08
  birds.
• 26:10
  Don't
• 26:10
  feed
• 26:10
  bread
• 26:11
  to
• 26:11
  ducks.
• 26:12
  Yeah,
• 26:12
  no
• 26:12
  bread
• 26:13
  to
• 26:13
  ducks.
• 26:13
  What
• 26:13
  are
• 26:13
  some
• 26:14
  other
• 26:14
  things
• 26:14
  people
• 26:14
  feed
• 26:15
  birds
• 26:15
  that
• 26:16
  probably
• 26:16
  shouldn't
• 26:16
  be
• 26:16
  on
• 26:17
  the
• 26:17
  menu?
• 26:22
  Some
• 26:22
  folks
• 26:23
  will
• 26:23
  just
• 26:23
  put
• 26:24
  out
• 26:24
  their
• 26:24
  leftovers
• 26:25
  to
• 26:25
  feed
• 26:26
  birds
• 26:26
  and
• 26:26
  other
• 26:26
  wildlife.
• 26:27
  I
• 26:27
  don't
• 26:28
  think
• 26:28
  that
• 26:28
  that's
• 26:28
  particularly
• 26:29
  common.
• 26:29
  But
• 26:29
  we,
• 26:30
  we
• 26:30
  do
• 26:30
  Hear
• 26:30
  about
• 26:31
  that.
• 26:32
  That's
• 26:32
  not
• 26:32
  a
• 26:32
  great
• 26:33
  idea.
• 26:34
  Some
• 26:34
  folks
• 26:35
  think
• 26:35
  that
• 26:36
  all
• 26:36
  table
• 26:37
  scraps
• 26:37
  are
• 26:38
  good
• 26:39
  for
• 26:39
  birds
• 26:40
  and
• 26:40
  it
• 26:40
  would
• 26:40
  be
• 26:40
  better
• 26:41
  to
• 26:41
  feed
• 26:42
  birds
• 26:42
  and
• 26:43
  other
• 26:43
  wildlife
• 26:43
  are
• 26:43
  table
• 26:44
  scraps
• 26:44
  than
• 26:44
  nothing
• 26:45
  at
• 26:45
  all.
• 26:46
  Table
• 26:46
  scraps
• 26:47
  are
• 26:47
  not
• 26:47
  a
• 26:47
  great
• 26:48
  idea.
• 26:48
  Be
• 26:49
  intentional
• 26:49
  about
• 26:49
  it.
• 26:49
  We
• 26:50
  have
• 26:50
  a
• 26:50
  lot
• 26:50
  of
• 26:50
  corvid
• 26:50
  lovers
• 26:51
  listening.
• 26:51
  And
• 26:52
  what
• 26:52
  should
• 26:52
  they
• 26:52
  know
• 26:53
  about
• 26:53
  feeding
• 26:53
  crows
• 26:54
  and
• 26:54
  ravens
• 26:55
  if
• 26:55
  that's
• 26:55
  something
• 26:55
  that
• 26:55
  they're
• 26:56
  interested
• 26:56
  in?
• 26:57
  Yeah,
• 26:57
  that's
• 26:57
  a
• 26:58
  great
• 26:58
  question.
• 26:58
  So
• 26:58
  we
• 26:59
  just
• 26:59
  had
• 26:59
  the
• 27:00
  amazing
• 27:01
  Dr.
• 27:02
  Kaylee
• 27:02
  Swift
• 27:02
  join
• 27:03
  feeder
• 27:03
  Watchers
• 27:04
  for
• 27:04
  a
• 27:04
  birdcam
• 27:05
  watch
• 27:05
  party
• 27:05
  a
• 27:05
  few
• 27:06
  weeks
• 27:06
  ago.
• 27:07
  She's
• 27:07
  a
• 27:08
  phenomenal
• 27:08
  science
• 27:08
  communicator
• 27:09
  and
• 27:09
  knows
• 27:10
  everything
• 27:10
  there
• 27:10
  is
• 27:10
  to
• 27:10
  know
• 27:10
  about
• 27:11
  crows
• 27:11
  and
• 27:11
  ravens
• 27:12
  and
• 27:12
  other
• 27:12
  corvids.
• 27:13
  And
• 27:13
  she
• 27:14
  had
• 27:14
  this
• 27:14
  to
• 27:15
  share.
• 27:15
  Her
• 27:15
  advice
• 27:16
  was
• 27:17
  that
• 27:17
  you
• 27:17
  don't
• 27:17
  want
• 27:18
  a
• 27:18
  murder
• 27:18
  of
• 27:18
  crows,
• 27:19
  right?
• 27:19
  You
• 27:19
  don't
• 27:19
  want
• 27:20
  to
• 27:20
  be
• 27:20
  the
• 27:20
  house
• 27:20
  that
• 27:21
  has
• 27:21
  50,
• 27:22
  100
• 27:23
  crows
• 27:23
  roosting
• 27:24
  at.
• 27:24
  At
• 27:24
  dusk.
• 27:25
  You
• 27:25
  don't
• 27:25
  want
• 27:25
  to
• 27:25
  be
• 27:25
  that
• 27:25
  house.
• 27:26
  No,
• 27:27
  it's
• 27:27
  not
• 27:27
  great
• 27:28
  for
• 27:28
  you.
• 27:28
  It's
• 27:28
  not
• 27:28
  great
• 27:29
  for
• 27:29
  your
• 27:29
  neighbors.
• 27:29
  Not
• 27:30
  the
• 27:30
  vibe.
• 27:30
  Not
• 27:30
  the
• 27:31
  vibe
• 27:31
  we're
• 27:31
  looking
• 27:31
  for.
• 27:31
  We
• 27:32
  really
• 27:32
  want
• 27:32
  to
• 27:32
  be
• 27:33
  targeting
• 27:33
  the
• 27:33
  one
• 27:34
  individual
• 27:35
  or
• 27:35
  the.
• 27:35
  The
• 27:36
  paired
• 27:36
  couple
• 27:37
  of
• 27:37
  birds
• 27:38
  that
• 27:39
  inhabit
• 27:40
  our
• 27:40
  yard,
• 27:41
  that
• 27:42
  make
• 27:42
  our
• 27:42
  neighborhood
• 27:43
  their
• 27:43
  home.
• 27:44
  So
• 27:45
  a
• 27:45
  little
• 27:45
  goes
• 27:46
  a
• 27:46
  long
• 27:46
  way.
• 27:46
  She
• 27:47
  recommends
• 27:47
  being
• 27:48
  patient
• 27:49
  and
• 27:49
  building
• 27:49
  that
• 27:50
  trust
• 27:50
  over
• 27:50
  time.
• 27:51
  She
• 27:51
  also
• 27:52
  recommends
• 27:52
  just
• 27:52
  giving
• 27:53
  food
• 27:54
  rather
• 27:54
  than
• 27:54
  other
• 27:54
  gifts.
• 27:55
  Some
• 27:55
  folks
• 27:55
  have
• 27:56
  heard
• 27:56
  that
• 27:56
  crows
• 27:57
  and
• 27:57
  ravens
• 27:58
  are
• 27:59
  attracted
• 27:59
  to
• 27:59
  shiny
• 28:00
  things
• 28:00
  or
• 28:00
  maybe
• 28:01
  would
• 28:01
  appreciate
• 28:02
  a
• 28:02
  gift.
• 28:03
  And
• 28:04
  I'm
• 28:04
  sure
• 28:05
  that
• 28:05
  there
• 28:05
  are
• 28:05
  relationships,
• 28:06
  true
• 28:07
  relationships
• 28:08
  between
• 28:08
  ravens
• 28:09
  or
• 28:09
  crows
• 28:10
  or
• 28:10
  other
• 28:10
  corvids
• 28:11
  in
• 28:11
  people
• 28:11
  in
• 28:11
  which
• 28:11
  gift
• 28:12
  giving
• 28:12
  is.
• 28:13
  Is
• 28:13
  common
• 28:14
  and
• 28:15
  valued
• 28:16
  by
• 28:16
  both
• 28:17
  parties.
• 28:18
  But
• 28:19
  birds
• 28:19
  can
• 28:19
  be
• 28:20
  scared
• 28:20
  of
• 28:20
  new
• 28:20
  things.
• 28:21
  And
• 28:22
  Kayleigh
• 28:22
  noted
• 28:22
  that
• 28:22
  that
• 28:23
  might
• 28:23
  be
• 28:23
  particularly
• 28:23
  true
• 28:24
  for
• 28:24
  ravens.
• 28:24
  And
• 28:25
  so
• 28:25
  you
• 28:25
  could
• 28:25
  actually
• 28:25
  spook
• 28:26
  a
• 28:26
  bird
• 28:27
  you're
• 28:27
  intending
• 28:27
  to
• 28:28
  build
• 28:28
  this
• 28:28
  bond
• 28:28
  with
• 28:29
  by
• 28:29
  offering
• 28:29
  a
• 28:30
  shiny
• 28:30
  gift
• 28:31
  that
• 28:31
  it
• 28:31
  has
• 28:32
  never
• 28:32
  seen
• 28:32
  before.
• 28:33
  So
• 28:33
  food
• 28:34
  is
• 28:34
  preferred.
• 28:35
  She
• 28:36
  recommends
• 28:36
  unshelled
• 28:37
  nuts
• 28:38
  or
• 28:38
  soaked
• 28:39
  pet
• 28:39
  kibble
• 28:41
  and
• 28:41
  just
• 28:41
  a
• 28:42
  small
• 28:42
  fistful.
• 28:43
  Again,
• 28:43
  this
• 28:43
  is
• 28:43
  always
• 28:43
  a
• 28:44
  supplement.
• 28:44
  Bird
• 28:44
  feeding
• 28:45
  is
• 28:45
  always
• 28:45
  a
• 28:45
  supplement
• 28:45
  to
• 28:45
  what
• 28:46
  birds
• 28:46
  find
• 28:46
  naturally.
• 28:48
  That
• 28:48
  goes
• 28:48
  a
• 28:48
  long
• 28:49
  way.
• 28:49
  So
• 28:49
  offering
• 28:49
  that,
• 28:50
  making
• 28:50
  it
• 28:50
  clear
• 28:50
  that
• 28:51
  you
• 28:51
  are
• 28:51
  the
• 28:51
  gift
• 28:51
  giver,
• 28:52
  putting
• 28:52
  that
• 28:53
  out
• 28:54
  and
• 28:54
  creating
• 28:55
  that
• 28:55
  bond
• 28:56
  will
• 28:56
  bring
• 28:56
  those
• 28:57
  beloved
• 28:57
  corvids
• 28:58
  closer
• 28:58
  to
• 28:58
  you.
• 29:00
  People
• 29:00
  really
• 29:00
  love
• 29:00
  corvids.
• 29:01
  But
• 29:01
  your
• 29:01
  point
• 29:01
  about
• 29:01
  not
• 29:02
  wanting
• 29:02
  to
• 29:02
  have
• 29:02
  a
• 29:02
  murder
• 29:02
  of
• 29:03
  crows
• 29:03
  roosting
• 29:03
  in
• 29:03
  a
• 29:04
  tree
• 29:04
  outside
• 29:04
  your
• 29:04
  house
• 29:04
  is
• 29:05
  a
• 29:05
  good
• 29:05
  one.
• 29:06
  My.
• 29:07
  The
• 29:07
  woman
• 29:08
  who
• 29:08
  cuts
• 29:08
  my
• 29:08
  hair
• 29:09
  a
• 29:09
  couple
• 29:09
  years
• 29:10
  ago
• 29:10
  was
• 29:11
  like,
• 29:11
  what's.
• 29:11
  What's
• 29:12
  going
• 29:12
  on
• 29:12
  in
• 29:12
  our
• 29:12
  neighborhood?
• 29:13
  And
• 29:13
  they
• 29:13
  had,
• 29:13
  I
• 29:14
  Guess
• 29:14
  there
• 29:14
  was
• 29:14
  a
• 29:14
  huge
• 29:15
  murder
• 29:15
  of
• 29:15
  crows
• 29:16
  just
• 29:16
  roosting
• 29:16
  all
• 29:16
  along
• 29:17
  their
• 29:17
  street,
• 29:17
  and
• 29:18
  everybody's
• 29:18
  car
• 29:18
  was
• 29:19
  whitewashed
• 29:19
  the
• 29:20
  next
• 29:20
  morning.
• 29:20
  Like,
• 29:21
  regularly.
• 29:22
  Yeah.
• 29:22
  Which
• 29:22
  is
• 29:23
  annoying.
• 29:24
  All
• 29:24
  right,
• 29:24
  we've
• 29:25
  reached
• 29:25
  the
• 29:25
  part
• 29:25
  of
• 29:25
  the
• 29:25
  show
• 29:25
  that
• 29:26
  we
• 29:26
  call
• 29:26
  that's
• 29:26
  BS
• 29:26
  or
• 29:27
  that's
• 29:27
  bird
• 29:27
  stuff,
• 29:28
  where
• 29:28
  we
• 29:28
  give
• 29:28
  our
• 29:28
  guests
• 29:28
  an
• 29:29
  opportunity
• 29:29
  to
• 29:29
  debunk
• 29:30
  a
• 29:30
  myth
• 29:30
  that
• 29:30
  ruffles
• 29:30
  their
• 29:30
  feathers.
• 29:31
  So,
• 29:31
  Olivia,
• 29:32
  what
• 29:32
  do
• 29:32
  you
• 29:32
  want
• 29:32
  to
• 29:32
  call
• 29:32
  BS
• 29:33
  On?
• 29:34
  So
• 29:34
  many
• 29:34
  folks
• 29:35
  think
• 29:35
  that
• 29:35
  birds
• 29:36
  do
• 29:36
  not
• 29:37
  have
• 29:37
  a
• 29:37
  sense
• 29:38
  of
• 29:38
  smell,
• 29:38
  that
• 29:39
  they
• 29:39
  do
• 29:39
  not
• 29:40
  forage
• 29:41
  using
• 29:41
  a
• 29:41
  sense
• 29:41
  of
• 29:42
  smell,
• 29:42
  that
• 29:42
  they
• 29:42
  might
• 29:42
  have
• 29:42
  excellent
• 29:43
  sight,
• 29:44
  they
• 29:44
  might
• 29:44
  be
• 29:45
  able
• 29:45
  to
• 29:45
  tap
• 29:45
  into
• 29:46
  the
• 29:47
  map
• 29:47
  of
• 29:47
  the
• 29:47
  stars
• 29:49
  to
• 29:49
  navigate,
• 29:50
  but
• 29:50
  they're
• 29:50
  just
• 29:51
  not
• 29:51
  good
• 29:51
  at
• 29:51
  smelling
• 29:52
  their
• 29:52
  environment,
• 29:52
  and
• 29:53
  that
• 29:53
  is
• 29:53
  just
• 29:53
  not
• 29:54
  true.
• 29:54
  Some
• 29:55
  birds
• 29:55
  actually
• 29:55
  have
• 29:56
  an
• 29:56
  incredibly
• 29:56
  acute
• 29:57
  sense
• 29:57
  of
• 29:57
  smell
• 29:57
  and
• 29:58
  do
• 29:58
  use
• 29:58
  that
• 29:58
  to
• 29:58
  forage
• 29:59
  and
• 29:59
  to
• 29:59
  find
• 29:59
  food.
• 30:00
  Seabirds
• 30:01
  such
• 30:01
  as
• 30:01
  albatrosses
• 30:02
  and
• 30:02
  petrels,
• 30:02
  for
• 30:03
  example,
• 30:03
  find
• 30:03
  food
• 30:04
  by
• 30:04
  detecting
• 30:06
  dimethyl
• 30:06
  sulfide,
• 30:07
  which
• 30:07
  is
• 30:07
  released
• 30:08
  by
• 30:08
  zooplankton.
• 30:09
  And
• 30:09
  so
• 30:09
  as
• 30:09
  they're
• 30:10
  flying
• 30:10
  over
• 30:10
  the
• 30:10
  vast
• 30:11
  expanses
• 30:12
  of
• 30:12
  our
• 30:13
  world's
• 30:13
  oceans,
• 30:13
  they
• 30:14
  actually
• 30:14
  essentially
• 30:15
  perceive
• 30:16
  a
• 30:16
  chemical
• 30:18
  map,
• 30:18
  mountains
• 30:19
  and
• 30:19
  valleys
• 30:20
  of
• 30:21
  dimethyl
• 30:22
  sulfide.
• 30:22
  And
• 30:22
  that
• 30:22
  allows
• 30:23
  them
• 30:23
  to
• 30:23
  navigate
• 30:24
  toward
• 30:25
  places
• 30:25
  where
• 30:26
  fish
• 30:26
  might
• 30:26
  be
• 30:27
  congregating
• 30:28
  and
• 30:28
  to
• 30:28
  feed,
• 30:29
  which
• 30:29
  is
• 30:29
  amazing.
• 30:30
  It's
• 30:30
  incredible.
• 30:31
  Yeah.
• 30:31
  Yeah.
• 30:32
  Well,
• 30:32
  we
• 30:32
  have
• 30:32
  a
• 30:32
  whole
• 30:32
  episode
• 30:33
  coming
• 30:33
  up
• 30:33
  on
• 30:34
  birds
• 30:34
  sense
• 30:35
  of
• 30:35
  smell
• 30:35
  in
• 30:35
  a
• 30:35
  few
• 30:36
  weeks,
• 30:36
  so
• 30:36
  thanks
• 30:36
  for
• 30:36
  the
• 30:37
  free
• 30:37
  commercial.
• 30:37
  Appreciate
• 30:38
  it.
• 30:38
  We're
• 30:38
  gonna
• 30:38
  go
• 30:39
  on
• 30:39
  the
• 30:39
  deep
• 30:39
  dive
• 30:40
  into
• 30:40
  all
• 30:40
  of
• 30:40
  the
• 30:40
  things
• 30:41
  you
• 30:41
  started
• 30:41
  talking
• 30:41
  about
• 30:41
  there,
• 30:42
  and
• 30:42
  it's.
• 30:42
  Yeah,
• 30:43
  we're
• 30:43
  really
• 30:43
  excited
• 30:43
  about
• 30:43
  it.
• 30:44
  Well,
• 30:44
  thanks
• 30:44
  for
• 30:44
  joining
• 30:45
  us.
• 30:45
  We've
• 30:45
  covered
• 30:45
  so
• 30:45
  much
• 30:46
  ground,
• 30:46
  but
• 30:47
  there's
• 30:47
  so
• 30:47
  much
• 30:47
  more
• 30:47
  to
• 30:48
  talk
• 30:48
  about.
• 30:48
  We'll
• 30:48
  have
• 30:49
  to
• 30:49
  have
• 30:49
  you
• 30:49
  back.
• 30:49
  And
• 30:50
  for
• 30:50
  our
• 30:50
  audience,
• 30:50
  if
• 30:51
  you
• 30:51
  want
• 30:51
  to
• 30:51
  hear
• 30:51
  more
• 30:52
  about
• 30:52
  feeding,
• 30:52
  leave
• 30:52
  a
• 30:53
  comment
• 30:53
  with
• 30:54
  your
• 30:54
  questions.
• 30:54
  So
• 30:54
  thanks
• 30:54
  for
• 30:55
  joining
• 30:55
  us,
• 30:55
  Olivia.
• 30:55
  I
• 30:56
  really
• 30:56
  appreciate
• 30:56
  you
• 30:56
  taking
• 30:56
  the
• 30:56
  time.
• 30:57
  Thanks
• 30:58
  so
• 30:58
  much
• 30:58
  for
• 30:58
  having
• 30:58
  me.
• 30:59
  And
• 30:59
  I
• 30:59
  hope
• 30:59
  that
• 30:59
  this
• 30:59
  encourages
• 31:00
  folks
• 31:00
  to
• 31:01
  feed
• 31:01
  birds
• 31:02
  and
• 31:02
  maybe
• 31:02
  even
• 31:02
  sign
• 31:02
  up
• 31:03
  for
• 31:03
  feeder
• 31:03
  Watch.
• 31:04
  Yeah,
• 31:04
  definitely.
• 31:09
  Birds
• 31:09
  are
• 31:09
  dinosaurs,
• 31:10
  and
• 31:10
  around
• 31:10
  here,
• 31:10
  we
• 31:10
  like
• 31:11
  our
• 31:11
  snacks.
• 31:11
  So
• 31:11
  we
• 31:11
  end
• 31:12
  each
• 31:12
  episode
• 31:12
  with
• 31:12
  a
• 31:12
  dinosaur
• 31:13
  nugget.
• 31:13
  Today's
• 31:14
  nugget.
• 31:14
  More
• 31:14
  than
• 31:14
  55
• 31:15
  million
• 31:15
  Americans
• 31:16
  feed
• 31:16
  birds,
• 31:16
  fueling
• 31:17
  a
• 31:17
  five
• 31:17
  plus
• 31:18
  billion
• 31:18
  dollar
• 31:18
  industry.
• 31:19
  And
• 31:19
  the
• 31:19
  practice
• 31:20
  goes
• 31:20
  back
• 31:20
  thousands
• 31:21
  of
• 31:21
  years
• 31:21
  across
• 31:21
  cultures
• 31:22
  worldwide.
• 31:23
  But
• 31:23
  here's
• 31:23
  what
• 31:24
  the
• 31:24
  science
• 31:24
  tells
• 31:24
  us.
• 31:24
  For
• 31:25
  the
• 31:25
  most
• 31:25
  part,
• 31:25
  feeding
• 31:26
  birds
• 31:26
  is
• 31:26
  for
• 31:26
  us,
• 31:26
  not
• 31:27
  for
• 31:27
  them.
• 31:28
  Birds
• 31:28
  generally
• 31:28
  find
• 31:28
  enough
• 31:29
  food
• 31:29
  in
• 31:29
  their
• 31:29
  habitats,
• 31:30
  especially
• 31:30
  if
• 31:30
  you
• 31:30
  make
• 31:31
  your
• 31:31
  yard
• 31:31
  a
• 31:31
  habitat,
• 31:31
  like
• 31:32
  we
• 31:32
  discussed
• 31:32
  on
• 31:32
  a
• 31:32
  previous
• 31:33
  episode.
• 31:33
  Okay,
• 31:34
  but
• 31:34
  what
• 31:34
  makes
• 31:34
  a
• 31:34
  yard
• 31:35
  a
• 31:35
  bird?
• 31:35
  Paradise.
• 31:36
  Feeders
• 31:37
  tip
• 31:37
  the
• 31:37
  scales
• 31:37
  during
• 31:37
  extreme
• 31:38
  conditions
• 31:38
  like
• 31:39
  drought,
• 31:39
  heavy
• 31:39
  ice,
• 31:40
  or
• 31:40
  deep
• 31:40
  snow,
• 31:40
  when
• 31:41
  natural
• 31:41
  food
• 31:41
  becomes
• 31:42
  hard
• 31:42
  to
• 31:42
  access.
• 31:43
  The
• 31:43
  rest
• 31:43
  of
• 31:43
  the
• 31:43
  time,
• 31:43
  our
• 31:43
  feeders
• 31:44
  are
• 31:44
  invitations
• 31:45
  to
• 31:45
  dinner.
• 31:45
  And
• 31:46
  like
• 31:46
  any
• 31:46
  good
• 31:46
  host,
• 31:46
  we
• 31:47
  need
• 31:47
  to
• 31:47
  make
• 31:47
  sure
• 31:47
  we're
• 31:47
  not
• 31:48
  serving
• 31:48
  food
• 31:48
  on
• 31:48
  dirty
• 31:48
  plates,
• 31:49
  attracting
• 31:50
  predators
• 31:50
  to
• 31:50
  the
• 31:50
  table,
• 31:51
  or
• 31:51
  placing
• 31:51
  feeders
• 31:52
  where
• 31:52
  our
• 31:52
  guests
• 31:52
  might
• 31:52
  fly
• 31:53
  into
• 31:53
  a
• 31:53
  window.
• 31:54
  So
• 31:54
  the
• 31:54
  next
• 31:54
  time
• 31:54
  you
• 31:54
  fill
• 31:55
  your
• 31:55
  feeder,
• 31:55
  know
• 31:55
  that
• 31:55
  you're
• 31:56
  the
• 31:56
  one
• 31:56
  benefiting
• 31:56
  most,
• 31:56
  and
• 31:57
  that
• 31:57
  means
• 31:57
  doing
• 31:57
  it
• 31:57
  responsibly.
• 31:58
  That's
• 31:59
  a
• 31:59
  wrap
• 31:59
  on
• 31:59
  this
• 31:59
  week's
• 32:00
  episode.
• 32:00
  Okay,
• 32:00
  but
• 32:00
  are
• 32:01
  bird
• 32:01
  feeders
• 32:01
  helping
• 32:01
  or
• 32:02
  hurting?
• 32:02
  Do
• 32:02
  you
• 32:02
  want
• 32:02
  to
• 32:03
  hear
• 32:03
  more
• 32:03
  from
• 32:03
  this
• 32:03
  episode?
• 32:04
  Head
• 32:04
  over
• 32:04
  to
• 32:04
  okaybutbirds.com
• 32:06
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• 32:06
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• 32:06
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• 32:06
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• 32:06
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• 32:06
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• 32:07
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• 32:07
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• 32:07
  Droppings.
• 32:08
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• 32:08
  talking
• 32:08
  about
• 32:08
  the
• 32:08
  Good
• 32:09
  sh.
• 32:09
  T
• 32:09
  in
• 32:09
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• 32:09
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• 32:10
  Starting
• 32:10
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• 32:11
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• 32:12
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• 32:13
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• 32:13
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• 32:13
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• 32:13
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• 32:14
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• 32:14
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• 32:14
  We'll
• 32:15
  catch
• 32:15
  you
• 32:15
  next
• 32:15
  time.
• 32:16
  Byeee.
• 32:19
  This
• 32:19
  episode
• 32:19
  is
• 32:20
  dedicated
• 32:20
  to
• 32:20
  Dr.
• 32:20
  Emma
• 32:21
  Greig,
• 32:21
  the
• 32:21
  former
• 32:22
  director
• 32:22
  of
• 32:22
  Project
• 32:22
  Feeder
• 32:23
  Watch
• 32:23
  and
• 32:23
  a
• 32:23
  dear
• 32:23
  friend
• 32:24
  of
• 32:24
  mine
• 32:24
  and
• 32:24
  many
• 32:24
  others
• 32:24
  who
• 32:25
  we
• 32:25
  lost
• 32:25
  to
• 32:25
  cancer
• 32:25
  in
• 32:26
  December
• 32:26
  of
• 32:26
  2024.
• 32:27
  Emma
• 32:28
  was
• 32:28
  a
• 32:28
  force
• 32:28
  of
• 32:28
  nature,
• 32:28
  taken
• 32:29
  far
• 32:29
  too
• 32:29
  soon.
• 32:30
  Miss
• 32:30
  you,
• 32:30
  Emma.
• 32:34
  Okay,But...
• 32:36
  Birds
• 32:37
  is
• 32:37
  hosted
• 32:38
  by
• 32:38
  Scott
• 32:38
  Taylor,
• 32:39
  with
• 32:39
  production
• 32:40
  and
• 32:40
  creative
• 32:40
  by
• 32:40
  Zach
• 32:41
  Karl.