Latest / The Quark Side - Quantum Physics Podcast / CERN May Have Found Physics Beyond the Standard Model

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CERN May Have Found Physics Beyond the Standard Model · The Quark Side - Quantum Physics Podcast

• 0:01
  Speaker 1: Welcome to the quark Side Quantum Physics Podcast, an exploration
• 0:05
  Speaker 1: of the fundamental structure of reality, where quantum laws govern matter, energy,
• 0:11
  Speaker 1: and information. Here, uncertainty is a feature, not a flaw,
• 0:16
  Speaker 1: and understanding begins at the smallest scales.
• 0:27
  Speaker 2: So imagine you've been playing this deeply complex, just incredibly
• 0:32
  Speaker 2: immersive video game for like fifty years.
• 0:35
  Speaker 3: Oh wow, fifty years is a long.
• 0:37
  Speaker 2: Time, right, I mean, you know every single line of code,
• 0:39
  Speaker 2: you know every hit a mechanic, every exploit, and you
• 0:43
  Speaker 2: know exactly how the underlying physics engine operates.
• 0:46
  Speaker 3: You're basically a master of the game at that.
• 0:47
  Speaker 2: Point, exactly. You drop an object, it falls, you jump,
• 0:51
  Speaker 2: you come back down. You have entirely mastered the rules
• 0:55
  Speaker 2: of this digital reality. And then one day you're just
• 0:59
  Speaker 2: playing normally and your character glitches straight through a solid
• 1:03
  Speaker 2: brick wall.
• 1:04
  Speaker 3: That would be terrifying.
• 1:05
  Speaker 2: You would stop dead in your tracks, right. It's that
• 1:07
  Speaker 2: they're staring at the screen, just wondering is the game
• 1:11
  Speaker 2: fundamentally broken or did I just stumble into a completely
• 1:15
  Speaker 2: new set of underlying rules that have been hiding beneath
• 1:18
  Speaker 2: the surface this entire time.
• 1:19
  Speaker 3: It is the ultimate reality breaking moment. I mean, it's
• 1:22
  Speaker 3: the kind of observation that forces you to entirely reevaluate
• 1:26
  Speaker 3: the environment you're operating in, because when the rules you
• 1:29
  Speaker 3: rely on suddenly fail, you're no longer just playing the game.
• 1:32
  Speaker 3: You're forced to question the actual architecture of the game itself.
• 1:36
  Speaker 2: And that, like that exact precipice, is where physicists are
• 1:40
  Speaker 2: standing right now. We are looking at a potential crack
• 1:44
  Speaker 2: in the most fundamental rules of.
• 1:46
  Speaker 3: The universe, which is just wild to think about.
• 1:49
  Speaker 2: It's totally wild. For half a century, the standard model
• 1:52
  Speaker 2: of physics has ruled supreme as the undisputed law of
• 1:57
  Speaker 2: the land. It's been practically bulletproof has but down at
• 2:01
  Speaker 2: CERN's large hadron collider, particles are suddenly misbehaving. They're doing
• 2:06
  Speaker 2: things the math says they absolutely should not be doing,
• 2:09
  Speaker 2: not even a little bit right. So today we're on
• 2:11
  Speaker 2: a mission to figure out what this anomaly actually is,
• 2:14
  Speaker 2: why a bizarre microscopic event known as a quote penguin
• 2:17
  Speaker 2: decay is sitting at the very center of the mystery,
• 2:20
  Speaker 2: and whether this is going to completely rewrite modern physics
• 2:24
  Speaker 2: or just fizzle out as another statistical ghost.
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  Speaker 3: We really are teetering on the edge of a massive
• 2:31
  Speaker 3: paradigm shift here. But you know, to appreciate the gravity
• 2:34
  Speaker 3: of a glitch like this, you have to understand the sheer,
• 2:38
  Speaker 3: unyielding weight of the rule book. We are trying to
• 2:40
  Speaker 3: break the fifty year old rule book exactly. The Standard
• 2:43
  Speaker 3: Model isn't just some casual theory. It is the absolute
• 2:47
  Speaker 3: bedrock of modern particle physics. It rests on quantum mechanics
• 2:52
  Speaker 3: and Einstein's special relativity. And for fifty years scientists have
• 2:56
  Speaker 3: thrown everything they possibly can at it.
• 2:57
  Speaker 2: They've been trying to break it on purpose.
• 2:59
  Speaker 3: Oh, absolutely, they want to break it. Yeah, and it
• 3:01
  Speaker 3: is held up against every single stress test so far.
• 3:04
  Speaker 2: Okay, let's unpack this because the open secret in physics
• 3:07
  Speaker 2: is that we all know the Standard Model is deeply flawed.
• 3:10
  Speaker 3: Well, yes, it definitely has its issues.
• 3:12
  Speaker 2: It has massive glaring blind spots. I mean, it completely
• 3:16
  Speaker 2: ignores gravity. It offers absolutely zero explanation for dark matter,
• 3:20
  Speaker 2: this invisible substance that we know makes up roughly twenty
• 3:23
  Speaker 2: five percent of.
• 3:23
  Speaker 3: The entire universe, A huge chunk of reality just missing.
• 3:27
  Speaker 2: Yeah, so I have to ask if this model is
• 3:30
  Speaker 2: missing a quarter of the universe's mass, and completely ignores
• 3:34
  Speaker 2: the force that keeps our feet planted on the ground.
• 3:37
  Speaker 2: Why have we treated it as the holy grail of
• 3:39
  Speaker 2: science for half a century without ripping it up and
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  Speaker 2: starting over.
• 3:43
  Speaker 3: That's a very fair point. Yeah, But if we connect
• 3:46
  Speaker 3: this to the bigger picture, you have to realize that
• 3:49
  Speaker 3: you cannot throw away a theory just because it is incomplete,
• 3:53
  Speaker 3: as long as it's predictive power in a specific domain
• 3:57
  Speaker 3: remains miraculously precise. Oh, think of the standard model like
• 4:01
  Speaker 3: a map of your immediate neighborhood that is accurate down
• 4:05
  Speaker 3: to the millimeter of every single blade of grass.
• 4:07
  Speaker 2: Okay, I like that.
• 4:08
  Speaker 3: Yes, the map doesn't show you the rest of the globe.
• 4:11
  Speaker 3: That's the missing dark matter and gravity. Right, But you
• 4:14
  Speaker 3: can't throw that map in the trash because it flawlessly
• 4:16
  Speaker 3: guides you through your local streets.
• 4:18
  Speaker 2: Right, it still gets you to the grocery store exactly.
• 4:20
  Speaker 3: Every single time physicists have run an experiment to test
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  Speaker 3: those local subatomic streets, the standard model has accurately predicted
• 4:28
  Speaker 3: the result. To revise the framework, you need experimental data
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  Speaker 3: that explicitly contradicts it.
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  Speaker 2: But if this map is so accurate locally, how are
• 4:37
  Speaker 2: we even finding these microscopic errors. We must be zooming
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  Speaker 2: into a ridiculous degree to find a flaw in the map.
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  Speaker 3: Oh we are. We're zooming in further than you can
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  Speaker 3: possibly imagine. That is the entire purpose of the Large
• 4:48
  Speaker 3: Hadron Collider, and specifically the LHCb experiment.
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  Speaker 2: The twenty seven kilometer tunnel under the French Swiss border.
• 4:56
  Speaker 3: That's the one by accelerating beams of protons to nearly
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  Speaker 3: the speed of light and smashing them together. We're looking
• 5:02
  Speaker 3: at the subatomic debris. We are zooming in on incredibly rare,
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  Speaker 3: incredibly brief microscopic events, hoping to catch the math failing
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  Speaker 3: in real time.
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  Speaker 2: And that brings us to the anomaly itself, the electroweak
• 5:16
  Speaker 2: penguin decay.
• 5:17
  Speaker 3: I love that name.
• 5:18
  Speaker 2: Aside from being arguably the greatest name for a scientific
• 5:20
  Speaker 2: process ever, we need to break down what is actually
• 5:23
  Speaker 2: happening in the collider. So we're looking at a sub
• 5:25
  Speaker 2: atomic particle called a b misson, right, all right, And
• 5:28
  Speaker 2: inside this misson there is a fundamental particle called a
• 5:31
  Speaker 2: beauty quark, and in this specific anomaly, that beauty quark
• 5:36
  Speaker 2: transforms into another type of particle called a strange quirk. Yes,
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  Speaker 2: and as it goes through this transformation, it spits out
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  Speaker 2: four other particles, a chon, a pion, and two muons.
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  Speaker 2: But what makes this so important isn't just the transformation itself, right,
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  Speaker 2: It's the rarity.
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  Speaker 3: The rarity is the entire key to the puzzle here.
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  Speaker 2: Because for every one million b messons, only one will
• 5:58
  Speaker 2: decay in this specific manner.
• 6:00
  Speaker 3: Right. What's fascinating here is how these particles transition. Usually
• 6:04
  Speaker 3: a particle decay straightforwardly. You know, a particle A turns
• 6:07
  Speaker 3: into particles B and C. Very simple, very simple, But
• 6:10
  Speaker 3: in a penguin decay, it takes a highly complex detour
• 6:14
  Speaker 3: through a quantum loop. When physicists map out this complex
• 6:17
  Speaker 3: interaction using Feineman diagrams, which track how particles interact over time,
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  Speaker 3: the resulting drawing of the mathematical lines and loops sort
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  Speaker 3: of looks like a.
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  Speaker 2: Penguin, hence the name. But what is actually happening inside
• 6:30
  Speaker 2: that drawing, Like, what is a quantum loop in physical reality?
• 6:33
  Speaker 3: Well, inside that microscantic fraction of a second during the decay,
• 6:36
  Speaker 3: the universe allows a particle to borrow a massive amount
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  Speaker 3: of energy from the quantum vacuum.
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  Speaker 2: Wait, it just borrows energy from nowhere.
• 6:42
  Speaker 3: Basically, yes, as long as it pays it back almost instantly.
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  Speaker 3: The beauty quark briefly spawns incredibly heavy intermediate virtual particles
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  Speaker 3: that just pop into existence, interact, and then vanish as
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  Speaker 3: the transformation into a strange quirk completes.
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  Speaker 2: Okay, let me make sure you and I are on
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  Speaker 2: the same page here. These virtual particles don't exist permanently.
• 7:02
  Speaker 2: They are just like ghosts, popping in and out of
• 7:04
  Speaker 2: the quantum background to facilitate the decay.
• 7:07
  Speaker 3: That is a perfect way to look at it. M h.
• 7:09
  Speaker 3: And because this specific penguin decay is so incredibly rare,
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  Speaker 3: it is uniquely sensitive to that quantum background.
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  Speaker 2: Okay, I think them following.
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  Speaker 3: If there is a new, completely undiscovered heavy particle out
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  Speaker 3: there in the universe, it can also briefly pop into
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  Speaker 3: existence inside that quantum loop. Even if we cannot see
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  Speaker 3: this new particle directly, its momentary presence exerts a measurable
• 7:31
  Speaker 3: influence on the decay.
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  Speaker 2: It tips the scales, so we aren't seeing a new particle.
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  Speaker 2: We are seeing the debris field of the decay and
• 7:39
  Speaker 2: realizing the geometry of that debris is completely warped. The
• 7:42
  Speaker 2: LHCb experiment found that the specific angles and energies at
• 7:46
  Speaker 2: which those four particles the chaons, pions, and muons are
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  Speaker 2: being spit out, do not match the math of the
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  Speaker 2: standard model, not at all. It's like, uh, it's like
• 7:55
  Speaker 2: feeding a dollar into a vending machine expecting a soda,
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  Speaker 2: but exactly one out of a million times times the
• 8:00
  Speaker 2: machine spits out a fully baked pizza.
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  Speaker 3: That is a very weird machine.
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  Speaker 2: Right and right now, the entire physics community is gatted
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  Speaker 2: around staring at the pizza, trying to figure out how
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  Speaker 2: it got.
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  Speaker 3: There, because the output fundamentally defies the internal logic of
• 8:15
  Speaker 3: the machine. Warped geometry at the sub atomic level implies
• 8:19
  Speaker 3: unseen forces or particles tugging on the strings during that
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  Speaker 3: microscopic quantum loop. The predictions of the fifty year old
• 8:27
  Speaker 3: game engine are failing.
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  Speaker 2: But let's pause and talk about the actual reality of
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  Speaker 2: this data. Because science isn't just about one weird observation,
• 8:33
  Speaker 2: right It is deeply rooted in brutal, unforgiving statistic Oh.
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  Speaker 3: Absolutely, the math has to hold up.
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  Speaker 2: Right now, this anomaly is sitting at a four standard
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  Speaker 2: deviation tension a four.
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  Speaker 3: Sigma, which is high but not definitive.
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  Speaker 2: Right in plain English. After accounting for all the experimental
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  Speaker 2: and theoretical noise, there is a one in sixteen thousand
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  Speaker 2: chance that this warped geometry is just a random fluctuation
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  Speaker 2: in the data. Now, if you tell someone on the
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  Speaker 2: stree they have a one in sixteen thousand chance of
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  Speaker 2: something happening, they assume it's a guaranteed slam dunk.
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  Speaker 3: Sure in everyday life.
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  Speaker 2: But in high energy physics we collide billions and billions
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  Speaker 2: of particles.
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  Speaker 3: You are identifying the exact reason the physics community is
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  Speaker 3: treating this with rigorous skepticism. When you smash billions of
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  Speaker 3: protons together, incredibly rare statistical anomalies will happen purely.
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  Speaker 2: By chance, just a numbers game exactly.
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  Speaker 3: Physicists call this the look elsewhere effect. If you roll
• 9:29
  Speaker 3: a twenty sided die millions of times, eventually you are
• 9:32
  Speaker 3: going to roll ten twenties in a row. It doesn't
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  Speaker 3: mean the die is rigged. It just means you rolled
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  Speaker 3: it enough times for the improbable to become inevitable.
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  Speaker 2: And we have been burned by these statistical ghowths. So
• 9:42
  Speaker 2: many times. I mean, if you are listening to this
• 9:44
  Speaker 2: and wondering why scientists aren't throwing a parade right now,
• 9:46
  Speaker 2: you have to look at the history of modern physics in.
• 9:49
  Speaker 3: The very cautious field for good reason.
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  Speaker 2: It is littered with massive discoveries that hit four sigma,
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  Speaker 2: had everyone writing theoretical papers, and then simply vanished when
• 9:59
  Speaker 2: the colliders gathered data, Like in nineteen ninety six, the
• 10:02
  Speaker 2: LP collider saw a massive Higgs like excess that disappeared.
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  Speaker 3: YEP, completely evaporated.
• 10:08
  Speaker 2: And in twenty fifteen the diffoton anomaly had the entire
• 10:11
  Speaker 2: physics world buzzing, only to vanish a year later as
• 10:14
  Speaker 2: a trick of the light.
• 10:15
  Speaker 3: And we cannot forget the twenty eleven opera experiment.
• 10:18
  Speaker 2: Oh Man, the faster than light neutrinos.
• 10:20
  Speaker 3: That was wild.
• 10:21
  Speaker 2: They published a six sigma result, which is incredibly mathematically secure,
• 10:26
  Speaker 2: claiming particles were traveling faster than the speed of light.
• 10:28
  Speaker 2: It would have completely broken Einstein's theory of special relativity.
• 10:31
  Speaker 3: People are losing their minds over that one.
• 10:33
  Speaker 2: And after months of absolute pandemonium in the scientific community,
• 10:37
  Speaker 2: it turned out to be a faulty fiber optic cable
• 10:40
  Speaker 2: in the machinery.
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  Speaker 3: The trauma of the opera experiment is exactly why critical
• 10:44
  Speaker 3: thinking is non negotiable here. The gold standard for a
• 10:47
  Speaker 3: confirmed discovery in physics is five sigma, which translates to
• 10:51
  Speaker 3: roughly a one to one point seven million chance of
• 10:55
  Speaker 3: a statistical fluke.
• 10:56
  Speaker 2: And we just aren't there yet.
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  Speaker 3: We are not there yet, and beyond on just faulty
• 11:00
  Speaker 3: equipment or statistical noise, there are theoretical hurdles within the
• 11:05
  Speaker 3: standard model itself that could explain this weird data, specifically
• 11:10
  Speaker 3: a set of processes known as charming penguins.
• 11:13
  Speaker 2: Okay, wait, I thought the electroweak penguin was complicated. What
• 11:16
  Speaker 2: on Earth is a charming penguin?
• 11:18
  Speaker 3: It refers to a quantum loop de kay that involves
• 11:21
  Speaker 3: a charm quark. These are known particles, completely accounted for
• 11:25
  Speaker 3: in the Standard Model, but their effects are notoriously messy
• 11:28
  Speaker 3: and difficult to calculate.
• 11:30
  Speaker 2: So the math is just really hard exactly.
• 11:33
  Speaker 3: The background noise of the strong nuclear force interacting with
• 11:36
  Speaker 3: these charm quarks creates an incredibly chaotic mathematical environment. Some
• 11:41
  Speaker 3: highly respected skeptics argue that we might not be seeing
• 11:44
  Speaker 3: new physics at all. Oh, really, Yeah, we might just
• 11:46
  Speaker 3: be severely underestimating the incredibly complex influence of these charming
• 11:51
  Speaker 3: penguins within the existing rules. We might be mistaking Messi
• 11:54
  Speaker 3: math for a new particle.
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  Speaker 2: So it's totally possible that the rules of the game
• 11:58
  Speaker 2: aren't broken at all. The math is it's just way
• 12:00
  Speaker 2: harder to calculate than we previously thought.
• 12:02
  Speaker 3: That is a very real possibility. Furthermore, the researchers also
• 12:07
  Speaker 3: analyze the data for something called cpasymmetry.
• 12:11
  Speaker 2: Okay, what is that?
• 12:12
  Speaker 3: This stands for a charge parity. Simply put, if you
• 12:14
  Speaker 3: swap a particle for its antimatter twin and look at
• 12:17
  Speaker 3: its spatial behavior in a mirror, the physics should theoretically
• 12:21
  Speaker 3: look identical. Looking for cpasymmetry means checking if matter and
• 12:26
  Speaker 3: antimatter are behaving differently in these specific.
• 12:29
  Speaker 2: Decays, and what did the data show.
• 12:31
  Speaker 3: Currently, those extracted cpasymmetry observables show absolutely no significant deviations
• 12:36
  Speaker 3: from zero. They align flawlessly with the standard model.
• 12:40
  Speaker 2: Okay, let me stop you there, because that feels like
• 12:42
  Speaker 2: a massive wrench in the gears of this discovery.
• 12:44
  Speaker 3: It is a pretty big hurdle if there really.
• 12:46
  Speaker 2: Is a monstrous undiscovered heavy particle warping the geometry of
• 12:50
  Speaker 2: this decay. Shouldn't it also be warping the CPA symmetry.
• 12:54
  Speaker 2: How can the standard model be cracking so violently in
• 12:57
  Speaker 2: the angles of the decay but holding perfectly firm when
• 13:00
  Speaker 2: we look at the matter antimatter behavior.
• 13:02
  Speaker 3: That is the multi billion dollar question right there. If
• 13:06
  Speaker 3: new physics exists, it is highly selective in how it
• 13:10
  Speaker 3: interferes with our visible universe. It requires theoretical physicists to
• 13:15
  Speaker 3: thread an incredibly tiny needle to explain how a new
• 13:18
  Speaker 3: particle could warp one aspect of the decay while leaving
• 13:22
  Speaker 3: the cpasymmetry completely untouched.
• 13:25
  Speaker 2: Okay, but let's play Devil's advocate for a second.
• 13:27
  Speaker 3: Sure, let's do it.
• 13:27
  Speaker 2: Let's assume this isn't a faulty cable. Let's assume the
• 13:30
  Speaker 2: charming penguins aren't muddying the waters, and the lack of
• 13:33
  Speaker 2: CPAs symmetry is just a quirk of how this new
• 13:35
  Speaker 2: particle operates. If we get the next batch of data
• 13:39
  Speaker 2: from the collider and this four sigma tension actually crosses
• 13:42
  Speaker 2: that five sigma gold standard, what exactly is the new
• 13:46
  Speaker 2: physics hiding in this data? What is the unseen monster
• 13:49
  Speaker 2: pulling the strings?
• 13:50
  Speaker 3: This raises an important question, and leading theories all point
• 13:53
  Speaker 3: to a profound new addition to the universe, which is
• 13:56
  Speaker 3: the potential existence of leptoquarks.
• 13:58
  Speaker 2: Lepto quarks. It honestly sounds like a made up word
• 14:01
  Speaker 2: from a sci fi novel.
• 14:02
  Speaker 3: It does, doesn't it. To understand the magnitude of what
• 14:05
  Speaker 3: elliptocork is, you just have to look at the name.
• 14:08
  Speaker 3: In this standard model, the fundamental building blocks of matter
• 14:12
  Speaker 3: are strictly divided into two distinct families. You have leptons
• 14:16
  Speaker 3: like the electron or the muon, and you have quarks,
• 14:19
  Speaker 3: which are the particles that combine to make up the
• 14:21
  Speaker 3: protons and neutrons and atoms. Under the current rules of physics,
• 14:25
  Speaker 3: these two families are entirely separate.
• 14:27
  Speaker 2: They don't mix.
• 14:28
  Speaker 3: Elliptin cannot transform into a quark, and a quark cannot
• 14:32
  Speaker 3: transform into eleptin. The conservation laws explicitly forbid.
• 14:35
  Speaker 2: It never the twain shall meet.
• 14:37
  Speaker 3: But elliptocork is a hypothetical hyper massive fundamental particle that
• 14:42
  Speaker 3: would completely shatter that barrier. It would act as a
• 14:44
  Speaker 3: bridge uniting those two entirely different types of matter.
• 14:47
  Speaker 2: Wait, it would let them talk to each other.
• 14:49
  Speaker 3: It would theoretically allow a quark to emit eleptin, fundamentally
• 14:53
  Speaker 3: breaking the conservation rules we have relied on for decades.
• 14:56
  Speaker 3: If they exist, leptoquorks are popping into existence in inside
• 15:00
  Speaker 3: those quantum loops during the penguin decay, allowing the beauty
• 15:03
  Speaker 3: cork to interact with muons in a way the standard
• 15:06
  Speaker 3: model explicitly says is impossible.
• 15:09
  Speaker 2: Now we are getting to the core of this. But
• 15:12
  Speaker 2: if I'm understanding the mechanics correctly, we are actually seeing
• 15:15
  Speaker 2: elleptoqu work in the collider. The LAFC isn't powerful enough
• 15:19
  Speaker 2: to create a particle.
• 15:19
  Speaker 3: That massive, No, not even close.
• 15:22
  Speaker 2: We're just seeing the weird way the B massun decays
• 15:24
  Speaker 2: and deducing that eleeptochwork must be the cause. It's like
• 15:27
  Speaker 2: we can't see the massive submarine passing deep underwater, but
• 15:31
  Speaker 2: we can measure the strange, mathematically incorrect way the booyes
• 15:35
  Speaker 2: on the surface of the ocean are bobbing. The b
• 15:36
  Speaker 2: masson decay is the boo, the leptocork is the submarine.
• 15:39
  Speaker 3: That is a brilliant way to conceptualize indirect observation. And
• 15:43
  Speaker 3: if you look at the history of science, Indirect observation
• 15:46
  Speaker 3: is a deeply validated method of discovery. Oh really, well,
• 15:50
  Speaker 3: we observe the effects of radioactivity eighty years before we
• 15:54
  Speaker 3: had the technological capability to directly see the w bosons,
• 15:58
  Speaker 3: the actual fundamental particles responsible for the radioactive decay. Oh wow, Yeah,
• 16:03
  Speaker 3: we saw the shadow on the wall for nearly a
• 16:05
  Speaker 3: century before we had a light bright enough to illuminate
• 16:08
  Speaker 3: the monster casting it. These leptoquarks are too massive to
• 16:12
  Speaker 3: be synthesized directly, even by the extraordinary energies of the
• 16:16
  Speaker 3: large Hadron collider, but their quantum influence is undeniable in
• 16:20
  Speaker 3: these incredibly rare subatomic events.
• 16:22
  Speaker 2: So we are currently standing the dark, staring at a
• 16:25
  Speaker 2: very weird shadow, just waiting for enough buoys to bob
• 16:28
  Speaker 2: in exactly the wrong way to prove the submarine is real.
• 16:31
  Speaker 2: How long are we going to be waiting for the
• 16:32
  Speaker 2: data to confirm this?
• 16:34
  Speaker 3: It is entirely a game of data accumulation. Now, the
• 16:37
  Speaker 3: current four sigma tension we are discussing is based on
• 16:40
  Speaker 3: analyzing roughly six hundred and fifty billion b mesen decays.
• 16:43
  Speaker 2: That's a lot of decays, it is, and those.
• 16:45
  Speaker 3: Were recorded between twenty eleven and twenty eighteen, but the
• 16:48
  Speaker 3: machine does not stop. Since then, the LHCb experiment has
• 16:52
  Speaker 3: already recorded three times as much data. Oh nice, they
• 16:55
  Speaker 3: are crunching those incredibly complex numbers right now, filtering out
• 16:59
  Speaker 3: the background noise of the charming penguins and the statistical ghosts. Furthermore,
• 17:04
  Speaker 3: an entirely independent experiment at the LHC called CMS published
• 17:08
  Speaker 3: initial results in twenty twenty five that beautifully align with
• 17:12
  Speaker 3: the LHCb anomaly.
• 17:14
  Speaker 2: So it's not just one detector exactly.
• 17:16
  Speaker 3: Having two separate detectors see the same warped geometry makes
• 17:20
  Speaker 3: it much harder to blame a faulty fiber optic cable.
• 17:22
  Speaker 2: And the LHC is still undergoing massive upgrades, isn't it.
• 17:25
  Speaker 3: Yes, the technological advance as planned for the twenty thirties
• 17:28
  Speaker 3: are staggering. Those upgrades are expected to accrue a data
• 17:32
  Speaker 3: set fifteen times larger than what we currently possess.
• 17:35
  Speaker 2: Wow, fifteen times.
• 17:36
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that ultimate step will give us the overwhelming, undeniable
• 17:40
  Speaker 3: volume of statistical power required to make definitive claims. It
• 17:44
  Speaker 3: will either cement the leptocork into reality or erase the
• 17:47
  Speaker 3: anomaly forever.
• 17:48
  Speaker 2: I know that whenever the general public hears about new
• 17:51
  Speaker 2: physics or undiscovered particles, the imagination tends to run pretty wild.
• 17:56
  Speaker 2: You look at the comments online and people are immediately asking, great,
• 17:59
  Speaker 2: does this mean we get warp drives next week? Can
• 18:01
  Speaker 2: we build a teleporter?
• 18:02
  Speaker 3: Right? The sci fi stuff?
• 18:03
  Speaker 2: But while elliptoquark isn't going to help us build faster
• 18:06
  Speaker 2: than light spaceships tomorrow, the actual immediate impact is arguably
• 18:11
  Speaker 2: much more profound. It is a fundamental rewriting of elementary matter.
• 18:17
  Speaker 2: Changes our understanding of the universe's most basic ingredients.
• 18:21
  Speaker 3: It dictates an entirely new architecture of reality if electoquarks exist.
• 18:26
  Speaker 3: It proves that the hard dividing lines we drew between
• 18:29
  Speaker 3: different families of matter are nothing more than an illusion
• 18:32
  Speaker 3: created by our limited perspective.
• 18:35
  Speaker 2: It's all connected.
• 18:35
  Speaker 3: It tells us that the universe is far more interconnected,
• 18:38
  Speaker 3: far more fluid at its deepest microscopic levels, than the
• 18:42
  Speaker 3: fifty year old standard model led us to believe.
• 18:45
  Speaker 2: So here we are sitting on the precipice. We are
• 18:47
  Speaker 2: just waiting for the next massive dump of LHC data
• 18:50
  Speaker 2: to either confirm the shadow of these lepto quarks, or
• 18:53
  Speaker 2: to debunt the penguin decay once and for all as
• 18:56
  Speaker 2: just another trick.
• 18:57
  Speaker 3: Of the light. And you know, regardless of the final
• 19:00
  Speaker 3: statistical outcome, the pursuit itself is the entire point of
• 19:03
  Speaker 3: the scientific method. Questioning long held beliefs, constantly prodding at
• 19:07
  Speaker 3: the frameworks we implicitly rely on. That is the lifeblood
• 19:10
  Speaker 3: of discovery.
• 19:11
  Speaker 2: Because we have to keep checking the map.
• 19:13
  Speaker 3: If we never question the standard model, if we accepted
• 19:16
  Speaker 3: that the map was perfect, we would never even bother
• 19:19
  Speaker 3: looking for the deeper physics they could finally explain dark
• 19:22
  Speaker 3: matter or the nature of gravity.
• 19:24
  Speaker 2: It is entirely about keeping that curiosity alive and refusing
• 19:28
  Speaker 2: to accept that the game we are currently playing is
• 19:31
  Speaker 2: the only game in town.
• 19:32
  Speaker 3: Thank you so much for exploring the absolute frontier of
• 19:36
  Speaker 3: this physics glitch with us today.
• 19:38
  Speaker 2: It was a privilege to unpack the mechanics of it all.
• 19:40
  Speaker 2: Before you go, I want to leave you with one
• 19:42
  Speaker 2: final mind expanding thought to chew on if these heavy,
• 19:45
  Speaker 2: undiscovered particles like leptoquarks really do exist, if they are
• 19:49
  Speaker 2: secretly influencing matter today by popping in and out of
• 19:52
  Speaker 2: microscopic quantum loops. What role did they play in the
• 19:56
  Speaker 2: very first microsecond of the Big Bang, when the universe
• 19:59
  Speaker 2: was infinitely den unimaginably hot and burn with energy, These
• 20:03
  Speaker 2: massive particles wouldn't have been rare quantum ghosts. They would
• 20:06
  Speaker 2: have been everywhere. Could these lepto quarks be the missing
• 20:09
  Speaker 2: bridge that finally connects the erratic, microscopic quantum world with
• 20:13
  Speaker 2: the massive, overarching gravity of the cosmos. The next time
• 20:16
  Speaker 2: your video game character glitches through a solid wall, just
• 20:18
  Speaker 2: remember the universe itself might be hiding an even bigger
• 20:21
  Speaker 2: cheat code right under our noses. Keep wondering,