Latest / Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights & Cosmic Discoveries / #456: Safeguarding the Moon, Titan's Liquid Sounds & Dark Matter Drifts

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#456: Safeguarding the Moon, Titan's Liquid Sounds & Dark Matter Drifts · Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights & Cosmic Discoveries

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Hi there, thanks for joining us yet again on Space Nuts.
• 0:03
  Speaker 1: This is a Q and a episode where we answer
• 0:06
  Speaker 1: your questions. You ask the questions, we as in the
• 0:09
  Speaker 1: Royal we as in Fred answers them. We should do
• 0:13
  Speaker 1: it the other way around. One day we ask you
• 0:16
  Speaker 1: the questions why don't you get a job for a starter.
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: But anyway, coming up on.
• 0:23
  Speaker 2: Coming up with this, we're going to answer questions about
• 0:26
  Speaker 2: protecting the moon, the sound of liquids on other worlds,
• 0:30
  Speaker 2: interesting dark matter movement, shocker dark matter question, and how
• 0:35
  Speaker 2: atmospheres are formed.
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: That's all coming up on this episode of Space Nuts.
• 0:41
  Speaker 3: Fifteen in Channel ten nine ignition Space Nuts side or three.
• 0:50
  Speaker 4: Two Space Nuts.
• 0:55
  Speaker 1: As can I report it?
• 0:56
  Speaker 5: Neils good.
• 0:57
  Speaker 2: One man who's got a job is professor friend, what's
• 1:00
  Speaker 2: an astronomer at large?
• 1:01
  Speaker 5: Unlike me, I don't work anymore. I've chucked at all.
• 1:05
  Speaker 5: This is not a job. This is fun. This is
• 1:07
  Speaker 5: a hobby.
• 1:08
  Speaker 4: Hi Fred, Yeah, it's fun for me. Excuse me, it's
• 1:12
  Speaker 4: fun for me too. But you're right, I do have
• 1:14
  Speaker 4: a job. And yes, there we go.
• 1:18
  Speaker 1: Yes, now we have got a lot to get through,
• 1:22
  Speaker 1: so I think we'll just plow straight into it and
• 1:25
  Speaker 1: our first question comes from a regular sender in Erra.
• 1:29
  Speaker 1: His name is Mikey Andrew. It's Mickey once again way
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: too Hot Illinois.
• 1:38
  Speaker 4: Got a question for you, guys.
• 1:40
  Speaker 3: I know we have like a planetary protection for incoming
• 1:44
  Speaker 3: asteroids that threatened Earth, but do we have the same
• 1:50
  Speaker 3: thing for the Moon, Like what it a genormous asteroid?
• 1:55
  Speaker 3: Where to hit the Moon and blow it the smitherenes
• 1:59
  Speaker 3: or knock it our course or alter it in some
• 2:02
  Speaker 3: huge wacas. The Moon is very important to the lake
• 2:05
  Speaker 3: on Earth, right, So I guess first of all, what
• 2:09
  Speaker 3: would happen if something happened to the Moon, would we
• 2:13
  Speaker 3: still have a good chance of surviving? And secondly, is
• 2:16
  Speaker 3: there a protection plan in place? Like there is ready
• 2:19
  Speaker 3: Earth for the Moon?
• 2:21
  Speaker 5: Thanks guys, love the bad guest. Thanks.
• 2:23
  Speaker 1: Mikey always asks interesting questions. The answer is no, and yes.
• 2:29
  Speaker 6: Well it is yeah, yeah, we've we've had questions about
• 2:34
  Speaker 6: the loss of the Moon before and what might happen
• 2:37
  Speaker 6: to us?
• 2:37
  Speaker 5: And I do believe that we have discussed.
• 2:40
  Speaker 1: Maybe once or twice, that the protection of the planet
• 2:45
  Speaker 1: includes the Moon.
• 2:46
  Speaker 5: We realize that we.
• 2:48
  Speaker 2: Can't just protect ourselves, We've got to protect the Moon. Otherwise,
• 2:52
  Speaker 2: you know, if it gets obliterated.
• 2:54
  Speaker 5: We're in big trouble.
• 2:56
  Speaker 1: Yeah, okay, so obliterated that would have to be a
• 2:59
  Speaker 1: huge j object.
• 3:01
  Speaker 4: That's the point. There's nothing there's no scenario that we
• 3:06
  Speaker 4: can envisage at the moment that would involve such a collision.
• 3:10
  Speaker 4: So we're talking about asteroids. You know, even something measured
• 3:17
  Speaker 4: in kilometers hitting the Moon would be of concern to
• 3:21
  Speaker 4: us because the Moon's very close to the Earth, and
• 3:26
  Speaker 4: you know, that's one of the things that we need
• 3:28
  Speaker 4: to know about. So the bottom line is that our
• 3:32
  Speaker 4: protection of Earth in terms of it's not actually planetary
• 3:36
  Speaker 4: protection is something slightly different. That's a biological thing. Planetary
• 3:40
  Speaker 4: defense is what we're talking about, and defending the Earth
• 3:43
  Speaker 4: effectively means we defend the Moon as well in the
• 3:46
  Speaker 4: sense that if we are looking for hazardous objects, and
• 3:50
  Speaker 4: that's you know, that's a well established technology which we're doing.
• 3:55
  Speaker 4: We think we've discovered most of the objects that might
• 3:58
  Speaker 4: threaten Earth and the Moon which are more than a
• 4:01
  Speaker 4: kilometer in size. It's the objects of a few hundred
• 4:05
  Speaker 4: meters that we're looking at now.
• 4:07
  Speaker 5: Now.
• 4:08
  Speaker 4: The detection of those is parcel of modern astronomy. And
• 4:12
  Speaker 4: we find them with regularity. If one was on a
• 4:18
  Speaker 4: collision course with the Earth, then we'd do something about it.
• 4:22
  Speaker 4: And we've discussed that before many times, andrew.
• 4:27
  Speaker 5: Is the theory of deflection. Yes, indeed, it was a.
• 4:30
  Speaker 4: Dark mission, that's right. But if one of them was
• 4:34
  Speaker 4: shown to impact the Moon, we wouldn't do anything about it.
• 4:38
  Speaker 4: I think we would let it happen because it's just
• 4:42
  Speaker 4: part of the natural cycle of events. And unless there
• 4:46
  Speaker 4: was a threat to humans on the Moon, you wouldn't
• 4:50
  Speaker 4: do anything about it. And in fact, if you knew
• 4:52
  Speaker 4: enough about such an object going to hit the Moon,
• 4:56
  Speaker 4: you bring your humans back, you get them off them,
• 4:59
  Speaker 4: because that's a lot easier than trying to deflect an asteroid.
• 5:03
  Speaker 4: So it's that, you know, the lunar defense is basically
• 5:10
  Speaker 4: wrapped up within planetary defense of the Earth, with the
• 5:14
  Speaker 4: one exception that we would not try and define deflect
• 5:18
  Speaker 4: an asteroid. If one of any particular size was shown
• 5:22
  Speaker 4: to be targeting the Moon.
• 5:25
  Speaker 1: It gets hit a lot anyway, doesn't it.
• 5:27
  Speaker 6: That's right.
• 5:28
  Speaker 4: Yeah, it's getting and because there's no atmosphere on the Moon,
• 5:33
  Speaker 4: you know, they get clouded. The Moon gets clouded much
• 5:36
  Speaker 4: more forcefully than the Earth does by these incoming objects. So, yes,
• 5:41
  Speaker 4: it's a work in progress. It's happening all the time,
• 5:46
  Speaker 4: and sometimes there's interesting physics involved. You know, if you
• 5:51
  Speaker 4: can see the flash of an impact in meteor or asteroid,
• 5:56
  Speaker 4: then you've got you've got a new new data to
• 6:01
  Speaker 4: look at and to work with.
• 6:04
  Speaker 1: If something was big enough to destroy the Moon, we
• 6:07
  Speaker 1: probably wouldn't have a prayer of stopping it anyway, would we.
• 6:11
  Speaker 4: No, we wouldn't. There isn't anything, So it's okay.
• 6:16
  Speaker 1: Yeah, well, well not within our solar system. But maybe
• 6:19
  Speaker 1: you know, maybe something that's extra soul might come through.
• 6:23
  Speaker 1: We've had a couple of those over the years.
• 6:26
  Speaker 5: Yeah.
• 6:26
  Speaker 4: The thing is, the bigger the object is, the easier
• 6:29
  Speaker 4: it is to detect. And you know, there's just nothing
• 6:33
  Speaker 4: on the horizon even of that kind of.
• 6:37
  Speaker 1: Although the Moon being made of cheese would absorb and
• 6:40
  Speaker 1: impact quite easily.
• 6:44
  Speaker 4: Unless it was a particularly hard chadder that might that,
• 6:48
  Speaker 4: you know.
• 6:49
  Speaker 5: Yes, so that's a point.
• 6:50
  Speaker 1: Yes, yes, all right, I can think of a few
• 6:54
  Speaker 1: cheese puns.
• 6:55
  Speaker 5: But let's move on. Thanks Mikey, good to hear from you.
• 6:58
  Speaker 1: Our next question comes from somebody else, and I've actually
• 7:03
  Speaker 1: managed to lose it here we go. I don't know
• 7:06
  Speaker 1: how that happened. Thank you Windows, gooday Fred and Andrew.
• 7:11
  Speaker 1: As a native minnetonin Minnesotan, Minnesota, all right, Minnesotan, I
• 7:17
  Speaker 1: quite enjoy taking holiday time along the north shore of
• 7:21
  Speaker 1: Lake Superior. I love the sound of the waves washing
• 7:24
  Speaker 1: onto the shore, and that got me to thinking about
• 7:26
  Speaker 1: lakes and rivers on Titan. Would they sound comparable to
• 7:30
  Speaker 1: what we have on Earth, or because it's not water,
• 7:33
  Speaker 1: would there be some kind of distinctive difference to the
• 7:36
  Speaker 1: sound of the liquid ethane methane interacting with its surroundings.
• 7:40
  Speaker 1: I realized this is probably out of Fred's area of expertise,
• 7:44
  Speaker 1: but that's par for the course here on space Nuts.
• 7:47
  Speaker 1: Thanks very much, Gods from James Greenfield. Yeah, James asks
• 7:52
  Speaker 1: an interesting question because we've talked in the past about
• 7:55
  Speaker 1: different types of suns and if life existed on work
• 8:00
  Speaker 1: surrounding those suns, you know, the trees might have different
• 8:03
  Speaker 1: colored leaves and things like that. But I would imagine
• 8:07
  Speaker 1: also that sounds on other planets and other moons would
• 8:13
  Speaker 1: vary depending on the conditions, would they not.
• 8:18
  Speaker 4: It's it's yes, they would, and there's two things at
• 8:24
  Speaker 4: play here. First of all, there's the liquid, which may
• 8:29
  Speaker 4: be quite viscous. We don't really know. It's sort of oily.
• 8:36
  Speaker 4: It's a hydrocarbon. We know what liquid hydro carbons are
• 8:39
  Speaker 4: like here on Earth. But there might be you know,
• 8:42
  Speaker 4: compounds within it that make it a bit more viscous.
• 8:45
  Speaker 4: We think we covered the story not long ago that
• 8:49
  Speaker 4: suggested that if you look at the shape of the
• 8:51
  Speaker 4: lakes on Titan, you can tell that there are waves there,
• 8:56
  Speaker 4: wind blown waves.
• 8:58
  Speaker 1: Yeah, that's right, And.
• 9:01
  Speaker 4: But the likelihood is they're not very high, because radar
• 9:06
  Speaker 4: reflections from Titan's seas are very very smooth indeed, and
• 9:11
  Speaker 4: so I mean, I've read some papers that suggest that
• 9:13
  Speaker 4: the waves are only millimeters high, which probably wouldn't make
• 9:18
  Speaker 4: much noise. The other thing, though, that is the atmosphere,
• 9:23
  Speaker 4: which is a different pressure from our atmosphere on planet Earth.
• 9:29
  Speaker 4: One point five bars is the atmospheric pressure there, and
• 9:35
  Speaker 4: so it basically is fifty percent higher than our atmospheric
• 9:40
  Speaker 4: pressure here. So that's going to change the speed of sound,
• 9:43
  Speaker 4: it's going to change the way things sound. It's really
• 9:48
  Speaker 4: hard to imagine what the waves on Titan might sound like.
• 9:51
  Speaker 4: And I think, James, pose is a really interesting question.
• 9:54
  Speaker 1: There'd probably be a way of working it out though,
• 9:57
  Speaker 1: if you really needed to know that.
• 9:59
  Speaker 4: There would be, but it will do a simulation if yeah,
• 10:03
  Speaker 4: if needed, But theories theory would help as well.
• 10:09
  Speaker 1: It would also change the picture of your voice, wouldn't it.
• 10:12
  Speaker 4: Yes, probably hello and joining you.
• 10:17
  Speaker 1: Yeah, well you'd probably be going hell and that'd be
• 10:20
  Speaker 1: the end of that. Yeah, but yeah, everything would probably
• 10:25
  Speaker 1: be different in one way or another. So yeah, definitely, James,
• 10:31
  Speaker 1: would you would have a different sounding liquid scenario on
• 10:35
  Speaker 1: somewhere like Titan and any other place with liquid surfaces?
• 10:40
  Speaker 1: Good to get your question, Thank you, James. This is
• 10:42
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  Speaker 5: Now back to the show.
• 13:14
  Speaker 4: Okay, well take your space nuts.
• 13:20
  Speaker 5: To our next question.
• 13:21
  Speaker 1: An audio question, This one, Fred comes from Bill.
• 13:26
  Speaker 5: All right, this Bill, San Francis, Kobe area.
• 13:30
  Speaker 7: My question is.
• 13:33
  Speaker 5: Could dark matter travel through space? So dark matter that apparently.
• 13:38
  Speaker 7: Doesn't interact with other things through gravity, So could don't
• 13:45
  Speaker 7: matter get thrown around or out of a galaxy due
• 13:48
  Speaker 7: to other gravitational efense kind of like planets and other stuff?
• 13:53
  Speaker 3: Does?
• 13:55
  Speaker 5: That's my question? Love the show, Thanks, thank you Bill.
• 13:59
  Speaker 1: Bill from a very watery part of the world as well,
• 14:03
  Speaker 1: San Francisco Bay. It would have some sloshy sounds around it. Indeed,
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: dark matter, we did talk about it recently in light
• 14:11
  Speaker 1: of the fact that they discovered that it may well
• 14:15
  Speaker 1: interact with itself. But that's not what he's asking. He's
• 14:18
  Speaker 1: asking about dark matter movement. Can it Can it move around?
• 14:22
  Speaker 1: We also, I think, discussed that it seems to concentrate
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: around galaxies and in places of saturation, I suppose of
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: other objects.
• 14:35
  Speaker 5: So it's an interesting question.
• 14:39
  Speaker 4: That's right. So dark matter basically is where normal mutter is.
• 14:44
  Speaker 4: We think that's the accident. We think that the dark
• 14:47
  Speaker 4: matter cosmic web provided basically gravitational centers for the for
• 14:53
  Speaker 4: normal mutter to collect and turn into stars and galaxies.
• 14:57
  Speaker 4: But you've highlighted one of the rucial aspects of this
• 15:01
  Speaker 4: that we did talk a couple of weeks ago. I
• 15:04
  Speaker 4: think it was about the idea that dark matter might
• 15:08
  Speaker 4: interact with itself. Some evidence that seemed to suggest that,
• 15:12
  Speaker 4: although I think the common view is still that it doesn't.
• 15:18
  Speaker 4: And the evidence for that comes from something that directly
• 15:26
  Speaker 4: answers Bill's question, dark matter move And the answer is, yes,
• 15:32
  Speaker 4: there is, if I remember rightly. I think it's called
• 15:36
  Speaker 4: the Pandora cluster. It's a cluster of galaxies which is
• 15:41
  Speaker 4: actually two galaxy clusters colliding, and what you can see
• 15:47
  Speaker 4: there is the material of the galaxies themselves, the gas
• 15:55
  Speaker 4: and dust that we can see sort of piles up
• 15:59
  Speaker 4: in this color. And so you've got a galaxy cluster
• 16:04
  Speaker 4: that's made up of two galaxy clusters in the act
• 16:08
  Speaker 4: of colliding, but the dark matter which is around them,
• 16:13
  Speaker 4: and we can detect that by means of gravitational lensing.
• 16:19
  Speaker 4: The dark matter just carries on. So what you've got
• 16:23
  Speaker 4: is this galaxy cluster. It's two galaxies that have collided
• 16:26
  Speaker 4: and they've wound up together. But then on either side
• 16:30
  Speaker 4: of them, on each side is a blob of dark matter.
• 16:34
  Speaker 4: The dark matter has passed through itself, the two dark
• 16:39
  Speaker 4: matter halos of each of the two clusters has gone
• 16:42
  Speaker 4: through itself and not interacted. And that's why people think
• 16:46
  Speaker 4: dark matter has not interact does not interact with itself.
• 16:49
  Speaker 4: But it does prove the answer to Bill's question that
• 16:52
  Speaker 4: dark matter can move.
• 16:54
  Speaker 5: It can move. Okay, we don't know a lot about it, Bill.
• 16:58
  Speaker 1: And with we're trying to find out what we can.
• 17:01
  Speaker 1: There's there's studies into it, but it's elusive because it's
• 17:05
  Speaker 1: dark matter. It's it doesn't it's not of our realm
• 17:10
  Speaker 1: technically speaking, does it.
• 17:12
  Speaker 5: Yeah, it's a.
• 17:13
  Speaker 4: Nice way to put it. It is not of our realm.
• 17:15
  Speaker 4: That's right.
• 17:16
  Speaker 1: Yeah, thank you, Bill.
• 17:20
  Speaker 5: Great to hear from you too.
• 17:21
  Speaker 1: And our final question today comes from Brady. Hello, from
• 17:25
  Speaker 1: the Great State of Florida. I just I have a questioned, Fred,
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: why does everyone who lives in Florida call it the
• 17:32
  Speaker 1: Great State of Florida. Most of the questions we get say, hey,
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: I'm from the Great State of Florida. Are they just
• 17:39
  Speaker 1: saying Florida abbreviate it? Is it actually called the Great
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: State of Florida. I'm being a bit coy here, but
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: it gets local pride.
• 17:49
  Speaker 5: I think it is too.
• 17:50
  Speaker 4: We go from other states as well. Everybody's you know,
• 17:55
  Speaker 4: happy about where they live, which is great.
• 17:59
  Speaker 5: Well I can I can get it.
• 18:01
  Speaker 1: I mean, they've got fifty states to to sort of
• 18:06
  Speaker 1: talk about. We've only got, you know, half a dozen.
• 18:08
  Speaker 1: But when we all we want, we're one country split
• 18:13
  Speaker 1: into states. But during the football season in New South
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: Wales and Queensland hate each other. So just a temporary thing. Yes,
• 18:20
  Speaker 1: Other than that, we're really good friends. So from the
• 18:26
  Speaker 1: Great State of Florida, Brady asks, I was wondering how
• 18:30
  Speaker 1: atmospheres are formed. How do they go from a ball
• 18:33
  Speaker 1: of rock and lava at having an atmosphere. Good, good question. Yeah,
• 18:38
  Speaker 1: I have never pondered that, and I'm glad you asked.
• 18:42
  Speaker 5: It is a good question.
• 18:43
  Speaker 4: So you know, if you've got a world at the
• 18:46
  Speaker 4: temperature at which the volatile material, the stuff that easily
• 18:50
  Speaker 4: turns into gas is gas, then you're going to have
• 18:56
  Speaker 4: a gas envelope around a planet. It's a good it's
• 18:59
  Speaker 4: a great question. H And you know when you when
• 19:04
  Speaker 4: you think of the way planets are formed, they start
• 19:07
  Speaker 4: off as dust and gas, and so you've got this
• 19:12
  Speaker 4: kind of bedding down process where the dust turns into
• 19:15
  Speaker 4: planet sysmals and they all bash into each other and
• 19:18
  Speaker 4: that probably heats up everything so that the temperature gets
• 19:23
  Speaker 4: exceeds where things like nitrogen and oxygen and carbon dioxideer gas.
• 19:28
  Speaker 4: Then what you end up with is is a solid
• 19:32
  Speaker 4: world because the the other things, the silicates and things
• 19:35
  Speaker 4: like that, are at temperatures that are solid, you know,
• 19:39
  Speaker 4: within the places like the Goldilocks zone. And so you've
• 19:43
  Speaker 4: you end up with this natural, natural scenario of a solid,
• 19:50
  Speaker 4: rocky body with a gas envelope. And that's turned on
• 19:55
  Speaker 4: its head when we get out to the to the
• 19:57
  Speaker 4: giant planets, because the rocky body there is very small
• 20:02
  Speaker 4: and probably has quite a lot of water ice in it,
• 20:05
  Speaker 4: because you'd be on the frost line and the gas
• 20:09
  Speaker 4: is the main part of the body. So the atmosphere
• 20:16
  Speaker 4: of a gas giant is formed in a rather different
• 20:18
  Speaker 4: way from the atmosphere of a rocky planet.
• 20:23
  Speaker 5: Yeah.
• 20:24
  Speaker 1: In fact, yeah, gas giants are very different because you're
• 20:28
  Speaker 1: basically looking at depending on the size. But you're getting
• 20:32
  Speaker 1: on towards star formations. Some of those gas giants are
• 20:35
  Speaker 1: actually failed stars, aren't.
• 20:37
  Speaker 4: They, effectively. Yeah, Jupiter's often described as a failed star.
• 20:40
  Speaker 4: It would have to be about ninety times bigger, I think,
• 20:43
  Speaker 4: if I remember rightly to be a star. If it
• 20:46
  Speaker 4: was only thirteen times bigger, though, it would be a
• 20:47
  Speaker 4: brown dwarf star, which is a different kind of category star.
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: But yeah, yeah, yeah, So it's got a lot to
• 20:55
  Speaker 1: do with proximity to the star golilock zone. All those
• 21:02
  Speaker 1: things come into play. Although you get you get gas
• 21:05
  Speaker 1: giants that are close to their parents' star too, which
• 21:08
  Speaker 1: is seemingly so far, fairly normal in the discovery of exoplanets.
• 21:13
  Speaker 4: Yeah, and you get them a long way from planets
• 21:16
  Speaker 4: as well, sorry, a long way from their stars. Like yeah,
• 21:19
  Speaker 4: like the planets and the gas giants and the solar system.
• 21:22
  Speaker 5: Okay, so it's just part of a process.
• 21:28
  Speaker 4: Yes, that's I think that's the ways to put it's.
• 21:31
  Speaker 4: Thank you, Brady. You've kind of highlighted my thinking about
• 21:36
  Speaker 4: these planets and their atmospheres and it is a process.
• 21:40
  Speaker 4: That's the way to putting us.
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: All right, good question, Brady. Look, I don't think it'll happen,
• 21:46
  Speaker 1: but one day someone might send a question in where
• 21:48
  Speaker 1: I go that's just not interesting and it's a bad question. No,
• 21:53
  Speaker 1: it hasn't happened yet. It hasn't happened yet.
• 21:55
  Speaker 4: I'll get a half of our drew.
• 21:56
  Speaker 1: It's all right, definitely not But if you do have
• 21:59
  Speaker 1: questions for us, go to our website because that's where
• 22:01
  Speaker 1: you send them through. AMA is the little tab at
• 22:05
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• 22:07
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• 22:10
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• 22:14
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• 22:17
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• 22:28
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• 22:38
  Speaker 5: We're all done, Fred, thank you very much again.
• 22:41
  Speaker 4: It's a pleasure. I'm always happy to be on space Notes.
• 22:44
  Speaker 4: Thank you, Andrew.
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: I'm glad you are, otherwise you probably would have left
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: eight years ago.
• 22:52
  Speaker 5: Professor Fred wattsont Astronomer at large.
• 22:54
  Speaker 1: And thanks to here in the studio, who's busily making lunch.
• 22:58
  Speaker 5: I think, yeah, come and see. I can't see him.
• 23:01
  Speaker 5: He's not on the camera.
• 23:02
  Speaker 1: No, no, it's a brush turkey sandwich by the look
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: of it. Good on you and from me Andrew Dunkley,
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: thanks for your company. Has always catch you on the
• 23:10
  Speaker 1: very next episode of Space Nuts. Bye bye.
• 23:15
  Speaker 5: You'll be listening to the Space Nuts podcast.
• 23:19
  Speaker 1: Available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeart Radio, or your favorite
• 23:24
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• 23:25
  Speaker 2: You can also stream on demand at bytes dot com.
• 23:29
  Speaker 3: This has been another quality podcast production from nights dot com.