Latest / Made of Stars / SpaceX Launches Starfall

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SpaceX Launches Starfall · Made of Stars

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  Speaker 1: Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
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  Speaker 1: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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  Speaker 1: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and uranus. Listen,
• 0:15
  Speaker 1: that's your own risk.
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  Speaker 2: Go ahead.
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  Speaker 3: When made of stars, made them stars, madies. When made
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  Speaker 3: us stars, you could be from high they would New
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  Speaker 3: Mexicomus where all stars?
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  Speaker 4: When we are made of stars.
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  Speaker 5: I'm Wes Carrol, joined by my good friend, doctor Sean Cruise,
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  Speaker 5: an executive director at Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space
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  Speaker 5: Science Center. Hay Sean Day, Wes's good to be here
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  Speaker 5: with you today. We normally record on Thursdays. We're recording
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  Speaker 5: late on Wednesday for a couple of different reasons, and
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  Speaker 5: I don't know. Every now and then, when we do
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  Speaker 5: it a little bit early, we like to just reference
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  Speaker 5: it in case there's any of the stories that it's
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  Speaker 5: kind of relevant to what's going on with it. I
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  Speaker 5: know we've got some sunspot stuff going on, so I
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  Speaker 5: felt like maybe we should mention it. But we're going
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  Speaker 5: to still release it on Thursday. Like normal, but just
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  Speaker 5: for context, I feel like sometimes we should clarify that.
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  Speaker 4: But we have a few stories.
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  Speaker 5: First and foremost, we have a SpaceX story. I was
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  Speaker 5: up bright and early the other morning watching the SpaceX
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  Speaker 5: launch and I'm just I'm just gonna say this. You
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  Speaker 5: and I kind of had this conversation via text that
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  Speaker 5: you know, normally in a radio context, if you know
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  Speaker 5: you have some sort of you know, financial interest in it,
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  Speaker 5: there's a just disclosure that you do. And we were
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  Speaker 5: just discussing about the the IPO of SpaceX, and you know,
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  Speaker 5: I was like, you know, I'm in. I bought and
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  Speaker 5: you were like, I don't know, do we have to
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  Speaker 5: do a disclosure on that? And I was like, well,
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  Speaker 5: you know, it's a different it's kind of a different
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  Speaker 5: world in the podcast world. So I don't think there's
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  Speaker 5: anything but I'll disclose. I've just said it that I
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  Speaker 5: did jump in. It has nothing to do with my
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  Speaker 5: coverage of this. I did not. I'm not one of
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  Speaker 5: those people who you know, was instantly a millionaire and
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  Speaker 5: suddenly now I'm not anymore, because as we're recording it
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  Speaker 5: has dropped back down a bit. I just wanted to
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  Speaker 5: get in because I thought it'd be fun on a little,
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  Speaker 5: tiny little piece of SpaceX. That's all I mean.
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  Speaker 2: I mean, so let's get into that just a moment.
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  Speaker 2: If you're willing, I don't know if you're willing to
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  Speaker 2: discuss your finances on this podcast, but are you willing
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  Speaker 2: to share with the audience the magnitude of your stock purchase.
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  Speaker 5: I mean, it was one of those situations where we're
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  Speaker 5: on vacation. We were sitting in the car. We were
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  Speaker 5: about to go into a water park down in the
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  Speaker 5: mobile area, and we were just kind of like, you know,
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  Speaker 5: here it is, this is where the stock is, and
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  Speaker 5: I thought, you know, I at least want to buy
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  Speaker 5: one share. I just need to buy one. But I
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  Speaker 5: was like, I don't know, I was a little hesitant
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  Speaker 5: to pull the trigger. I didn't know. And I think
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  Speaker 5: it was about one hundred and sixty five dollars somewhere
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  Speaker 5: around there at that point. And then we went into
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  Speaker 5: the water park and we came out to have lunch,
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  Speaker 5: and this is kind of a I mean, it's a
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  Speaker 5: really cool water park, but it's very convenient for like
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  Speaker 5: people that want to just like if you want to
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  Speaker 5: go out and like picnic in your car and then
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  Speaker 5: go back in if you're not going in to eat
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  Speaker 5: at the wall. Anyway, that's what we were planning to do.
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  Speaker 5: So we came out and we had a little picnic
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  Speaker 5: in the car and while we're sitting there, I'm looking
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  Speaker 5: at it and it's jumped up to like one hundred
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  Speaker 5: and eighty one dollars and I thought, oh no, I said,
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  Speaker 5: I should have done this at one sixty five already
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  Speaker 5: made a huge mistake. And at some point and it
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  Speaker 5: was still climbing, and at some point Jill just kind
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  Speaker 5: of said, you know, happy Father's Day, go ahead and
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  Speaker 5: do it. And I was like, all right, So that
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  Speaker 5: was my Father's Day gift. And then you know, now
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  Speaker 5: it's it's it's down. But it was fun like over
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  Speaker 5: the course of the day, I was pretty obnoxious with like, hey,
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  Speaker 5: we've made fifteen dollars already, this is great, And he
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  Speaker 5: got up to two hundred at one point and I
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  Speaker 5: was like, hey, nineteen bucks. And the boys tried to
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  Speaker 5: use it as a way to get ice cream in
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  Speaker 5: the park, like, well, now you can afford ice cream.
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  Speaker 5: I'm glad we didn't because now it's below that. But anyway,
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  Speaker 5: so that's it's not. I don't own a lot. I
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  Speaker 5: just owned a tiny look like I owned a little
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  Speaker 5: smidge of Tesla. I own a little smidge of SpaceX.
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  Speaker 2: I think it's just important for our listeners to for
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  Speaker 2: them to understand.
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  Speaker 5: That's true, that you own just share that's right.
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  Speaker 4: Dare I say.
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  Speaker 2: That's really the that's the punchline for me.
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  Speaker 5: Dare I say a modicum right, it's.
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  Speaker 2: It's so now so now, friends, I just I just
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  Speaker 2: want to say, you know, I'm the science guy. I'm
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  Speaker 2: the straight man on the show. So you have to
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  Speaker 2: understand that every time we talk about a SpaceX story.
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  Speaker 5: Uh huh.
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  Speaker 2: I don't know if Wes is going to go to
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  Speaker 2: all the shareholder meetings, but he's going to be there
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  Speaker 2: at some point.
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  Speaker 5: At some point, he is.
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  Speaker 2: He is a part of the SpaceX machine. And so
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  Speaker 2: now we just have to just have to just consider.
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  Speaker 2: I'll try to keep it on the straight and narrow,
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  Speaker 2: but you know, Wes could be tainted by his massive state,
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  Speaker 2: his massive steak now in SpaceX through that purchase through
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  Speaker 2: the IPO.
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  Speaker 5: The worst thing to date that I have done since
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  Speaker 5: buying it, other than maybe saying, hey, we've made nineteen
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  Speaker 5: dollars or whatever. It was. The worst thing about it
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  Speaker 5: is when I watched this launch the other day, the
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  Speaker 5: Starfall launch, and I and Jill walked in the room
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  Speaker 5: and I say, hey, there's our rocket. So anyway, it
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  Speaker 5: was kind of fun watching a rocket launch that I
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  Speaker 5: own a little tiny, you know, just that little smidge
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  Speaker 5: of the company and got to watch it launch. So
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  Speaker 5: there's a certain feeling with it.
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  Speaker 6: And that's why I think some people changing for you
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  Speaker 6: I understand, but but only a little because you know,
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  Speaker 6: and oh, here's just some big things with Artemis three
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  Speaker 6: down the line.
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  Speaker 5: But but more on that later. That's a whole nother thing.
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  Speaker 2: It kind of reminds me a little bit like when
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  Speaker 2: I'm watching a Denver Broncos football game and I will
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  Speaker 2: yell at the TV, like, what are we doing? Yeah,
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  Speaker 2: what are we doing? Like we like the like you know,
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  Speaker 2: like I attend the coaches meetings or something.
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  Speaker 5: Like they've consulted.
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  Speaker 2: You know, I'm part of you know, I'm part of
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  Speaker 2: the organization.
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  Speaker 5: Like I have to remind people sometimes when it's when
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  Speaker 5: it's the draft and it's going on and and people
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  Speaker 5: will ask me, like, who are the Giants gonna take
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  Speaker 5: and I was like, they didn't ask me. Yeah, I
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  Speaker 5: got nothing. I mean I got hopes and dreams, but
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  Speaker 5: you know, I got nothing on this inside or info.
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  Speaker 2: But I mean, I will tell you that we could
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  Speaker 2: be sure that the Broncos were not listening to me
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  Speaker 2: the year they didn't draft Josh Allen, Yeah, because I
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  Speaker 2: was watching that particular draft, going he's still there. Yeah,
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  Speaker 2: he's still Josh Allen.
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  Speaker 5: Yeah. The Giants passed on him too, so yeah, and
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  Speaker 5: the Bills were very angry that they drafted him. So
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  Speaker 5: go figure. We don't know how those things are gonna go.
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  Speaker 4: Uh.
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  Speaker 5: So let's talk about Starfall. This, this whole mission is.
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  Speaker 5: I'm watching it and I'm trying to kind of find
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  Speaker 5: out more about what it is and looking for images.
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  Speaker 5: Apparently there's a reason that I couldn't find them. Yeah,
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  Speaker 5: so yes, and as a shareholder, as a shareholder, damn it,
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  Speaker 5: I need to see the picture.
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  Speaker 2: This is a little clandestine. It's a bit of a
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  Speaker 2: clandestine mission. Uh. There's something called Starfall at SpaceX. They
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  Speaker 2: launched it. They showed you know, the main booster.
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  Speaker 7: Of the Falcon nine go up, and then they showed
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  Speaker 7: the booster separation and they showed the booster land, but
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  Speaker 7: they did not show the second stage after that, the
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  Speaker 7: payload stage, and.
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  Speaker 2: And and so they're being a little bit cloak and dagger,
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  Speaker 2: you know, they're they're really kind of not showing things.
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  Speaker 2: I suppose that shareholders know.
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  Speaker 4: Yeah, that's what we all about.
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  Speaker 5: That's what we do at space, that's what we.
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  Speaker 2: Do when you don the robes and go inside the
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  Speaker 2: secret chamber. And they discussed all these things with you, shareholders.
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  Speaker 2: You probably know, but but you know me, I'm on
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  Speaker 2: the outside. I'm just a humble college professor and amateur
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  Speaker 2: space journalists. So this is all I know. Here's what
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  Speaker 2: I can tell you. Based on a story from spaceflight
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  Speaker 2: now dot com and some reporting done by Mike Wall
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  Speaker 2: at space dot com, apparently Starfall is a space capsule
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  Speaker 2: that's designed to go up and return space capsules from
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  Speaker 2: Earth orbit or near orbit. It's it's a it's a
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  Speaker 2: some kind of vehicle that can go up and grab
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  Speaker 2: other vehicles, you know. It's kind of like that James
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  Speaker 2: Bond movie. And then it goes up and grabs other
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  Speaker 2: spaceships and brings them back down. And then it's anyway something
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  Speaker 2: like I mean again, you shareholders would probably just go, oh,
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  Speaker 2: you silly person, you don't you don't really know all
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  Speaker 2: these details. But but again again, Mike Wall from space
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  Speaker 2: space dot Com rather says, according to reports, the vehicle
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  Speaker 2: is intended to provide uncrewed point to point cargo delivery
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  Speaker 2: on Earth as well, So this is another potential use
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  Speaker 2: for it, in additioning to in addition to de orbiting
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  Speaker 2: spacecraft could be participating in some low Earth orbit point
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  Speaker 2: to point. Now, wes you and I on radio so
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  Speaker 2: many years ago had conversations about well, yeah, sure, you know,
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  Speaker 2: Virgin Galactic is kind of a joy ride right now,
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  Speaker 2: or they're you know, they're working on these joy rides
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  Speaker 2: where you just kind of go up and have a
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  Speaker 2: good time and come back down. But if you didn't
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  Speaker 2: land at the same place, if you decided to take off,
• 10:06
  Speaker 2: you know, in Florida, you could potentially land in Sydney,
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  Speaker 2: Australia and do that in about three and a half
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  Speaker 2: hours or less. Point to point human delivery was something
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  Speaker 2: that was discussed in the very early stages of commercial space,
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  Speaker 2: and now we may actually be seeing the fruition of that.
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  Speaker 2: You could have the first toe in the water of
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  Speaker 2: point to point delivery, but with cargo instead. Right, So yeah,
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  Speaker 2: if you have to get that Amazon package, you know,
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  Speaker 2: from whatever Amazon delivery center in New Mexico or something
• 10:40
  Speaker 2: to the people in Argentina, you gotta do it right away.
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  Speaker 2: You could maybe do that with this this vehicle. So anyway,
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  Speaker 2: so there's a couple of I mean if I was,
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  Speaker 2: if I was an investor, I would want to know
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  Speaker 2: this case for you know, how it's going to be
• 10:55
  Speaker 2: used to round out my portfolio. So I think it's
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  Speaker 2: fair for me to kind of share these things that
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  Speaker 2: i've I'm reading with you so you have a better
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  Speaker 2: stance on your case for investment.
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  Speaker 5: Yeah. Just for the record, it's gone up nineteen since
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  Speaker 5: since we've been talking about it.
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  Speaker 2: So it's probably because of this show. Yeah, even though
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  Speaker 2: it's out live like certain news stream.
• 11:17
  Speaker 5: In the in the overnight, it's it's oh, I know,
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  Speaker 5: it's dropping back down again. Say I gotta stop watching it.
• 11:24
  Speaker 5: I just have to. I just have to enjoy being
• 11:26
  Speaker 5: in the No, I have to be that Packers fan
• 11:27
  Speaker 5: who owns that one share of the Packers or whatever.
• 11:30
  Speaker 2: And I will tell you, I'll admit it. Right now,
• 11:32
  Speaker 2: I'm feeling a bit left out you you were an
• 11:35
  Speaker 2: early adopter. You jumped right in there. I'm I'm fairly jealous.
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  Speaker 2: I may have to just, you know, go go buy
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  Speaker 2: my one share.
• 11:43
  Speaker 5: Also, you know, it's it's a it's a good move.
• 11:45
  Speaker 5: It feels good when you're watching the rockets go up
• 11:47
  Speaker 5: and and and all the fun stuff. Uh so, yeah,
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  Speaker 5: I and I'm excited about this. And you you mentioned
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  Speaker 5: sort of the possibility of the point to point delivery,
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  Speaker 5: but you mentioned like you anytime you think about that,
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  Speaker 5: we've talked about the point to point stuff or for
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  Speaker 5: other countries. But it really would become a massive game changer,
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  Speaker 5: if you know, if it becomes affordable to do this
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  Speaker 5: when it comes to fast shipping from anywhere in the
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  Speaker 5: world to anywhere in the world.
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  Speaker 2: Right, and so listen, it's in all seriousness. If SpaceX
• 12:21
  Speaker 2: continues to drive down the cost model for spaceflight, which
• 12:26
  Speaker 2: they are doing by reusability, that's the whole point of
• 12:29
  Speaker 2: the reusable rockets. This could really become a thing, right,
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  Speaker 2: I mean, you could one could imagine military applications pretty easily,
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  Speaker 2: Like you're going to deploy from the space coast in
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  Speaker 2: Florida to any theater of operation on Earth in a
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  Speaker 2: very short period of time with a point to point
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  Speaker 2: cargo delivery system. That could be huge for the United
• 12:55
  Speaker 2: States military. It could be huge for various other logistics
• 12:59
  Speaker 2: kind of entities. It could be a very important thing
• 13:03
  Speaker 2: for biomedical type supplies. One could imagine a variety of
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  Speaker 2: uses for this. So I'm just thinking cargo delivery a
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  Speaker 2: really interesting idea.
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  Speaker 5: I'm just thinking of cheap goods covered in lead paint
• 13:14
  Speaker 5: coming from Timu and from China. So that's what I
• 13:16
  Speaker 5: was thinking about. But you know, that's that's a whole not.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, and I'm ordering it at nine am and I
• 13:21
  Speaker 2: really need it by three point thirty need it, and
• 13:24
  Speaker 2: I've got to have it, and then here it comes,
• 13:26
  Speaker 2: and how did it get here so fast?
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  Speaker 5: So yes, that's a that's a pretty cool mission that's
• 13:33
  Speaker 5: going on. It is very secretive and how it's working,
• 13:37
  Speaker 5: but advancing things forward there. I want to talk about
• 13:41
  Speaker 5: the sun spots. We got a big sun spot. It's
• 13:44
  Speaker 5: always fun when we have some kind of solar activity.
• 13:48
  Speaker 5: When it's something big, I say it's fun. It's not
• 13:51
  Speaker 5: always fun. Sometimes it's it's a little scary. But in
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  Speaker 5: this case, we got some stuff going on that that
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  Speaker 5: might be interesting.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, so this is like those people who really love thunderstorms.
• 14:03
  Speaker 2: And you're right, thunderstorms can be bad. Sometimes they rains
• 14:07
  Speaker 2: too much, or there's lightning strikes or heaven forbid, a tornado,
• 14:12
  Speaker 2: right can come out of a thunderstorm. But people just
• 14:13
  Speaker 2: get a kind of an energy a Jones about, Like,
• 14:16
  Speaker 2: I just really enjoy thunderstorms. So I happen to be
• 14:19
  Speaker 2: one of those people that really enjoys a good sunspot.
• 14:22
  Speaker 2: Because sunspots do cool stuff. First of all, we can
• 14:24
  Speaker 2: watch them evolve on the surface of the Sun with
• 14:27
  Speaker 2: our Solar telescope at the Coca Cola Space Science Center
• 14:30
  Speaker 2: at Columbus State University. Our students are working on Nason
• 14:35
  Speaker 2: Grant right now where they're refurbishing our telescope. We're putting
• 14:37
  Speaker 2: on some new cameras and some things, so we're down
• 14:41
  Speaker 2: at the moment. We can't really image this particular sunspot today,
• 14:45
  Speaker 2: but hopefully within a couple of weeks we'll be back
• 14:47
  Speaker 2: up and running again. But this particular sunspot will be
• 14:50
  Speaker 2: watching it through the variety of worldwide telescopes that post
• 14:55
  Speaker 2: their images on the Internet. Because this thing is gigantic,
• 14:59
  Speaker 2: it's approximate only ten times wider than Planet Earth. In
• 15:02
  Speaker 2: other words, it's a sunspot system the size of Jupiter,
• 15:07
  Speaker 2: and solar photographers, amateur solar photographers primarily, have already photographed
• 15:13
  Speaker 2: the storm coming around the southeast limb. So we see
• 15:17
  Speaker 2: these sunspots rotate onto the visible face of the Sun
• 15:21
  Speaker 2: in other words, the part of the Sun that's facing Earth.
• 15:23
  Speaker 2: We see that happen from the east to the west.
• 15:25
  Speaker 2: In other words, if you're looking at the sky from
• 15:28
  Speaker 2: the left to the right and so on the very
• 15:31
  Speaker 2: left edge we call that the limb, and down a
• 15:34
  Speaker 2: little bit to the south, so down around the bottom
• 15:36
  Speaker 2: part of the curve, on the very left limb, we
• 15:40
  Speaker 2: see this massive sunspot group coming around, and photographers from
• 15:45
  Speaker 2: around the world have begun to image this thing. If
• 15:48
  Speaker 2: you want to see these images, spaceweather dot com today,
• 15:52
  Speaker 2: which is the twenty fourth of June as we're recording this,
• 15:55
  Speaker 2: have posted up images of this sunspot. Why do I
• 15:58
  Speaker 2: tell you that, because space weather has an archive and
• 16:00
  Speaker 2: you can go back to this date and look it up.
• 16:02
  Speaker 2: So on the twenty fourth of June, pull up the archive.
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  Speaker 2: My guess is, even in subsequent days, if you're not
• 16:07
  Speaker 2: hearing this until the twenty fifth or twenty sixth, there'll
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  Speaker 2: be more images of this giant sunspot as it rotates
• 16:12
  Speaker 2: around a Jupiter sized sunspot. Remember that we're not far
• 16:17
  Speaker 2: off off the solar maximum, off the peak of solar activity,
• 16:22
  Speaker 2: so we're still in a very active time on the Sun.
• 16:24
  Speaker 2: So this is a sunspot that can be easily observed
• 16:28
  Speaker 2: if you happen to have some of those eclipse glasses
• 16:31
  Speaker 2: hanging around from the twenty twenty four eclipse. Like remember
• 16:35
  Speaker 2: that you can use them. So this sunspot is big
• 16:38
  Speaker 2: enough that you should be able to see it with
• 16:41
  Speaker 2: what we would call the unaided eye in the sense
• 16:43
  Speaker 2: that you're not using a telescope. Don't point telescopes at
• 16:47
  Speaker 2: the Sun, by the way, it's a bad idea unless
• 16:49
  Speaker 2: you really know what you're doing. But you can just
• 16:51
  Speaker 2: put a pair of those eclipse glasses on, look up
• 16:53
  Speaker 2: at the Sun, and this spot is big enough that
• 16:57
  Speaker 2: you should be able to see it with an unmagnifi
• 17:00
  Speaker 2: view through your safety filtered glasses for eclipses. Another way
• 17:04
  Speaker 2: to do this, friends, is something called binocular projection. Now
• 17:08
  Speaker 2: you have to be very careful. This is a bit tricky.
• 17:11
  Speaker 2: But what you're gonna do is you're gonna let the
• 17:13
  Speaker 2: sun come through the front of the binoculars. But your
• 17:16
  Speaker 2: eyes are not and let me repeat, are not behind
• 17:19
  Speaker 2: the binoculars. You let this sunlight shine through your binoculars
• 17:24
  Speaker 2: onto the wall or onto the sidewalk, and you use
• 17:28
  Speaker 2: your binoculars to project the sun's image and then use
• 17:32
  Speaker 2: that little focus now on your binoculars to get a
• 17:34
  Speaker 2: nice sharp focus. Fun thing about that, it's gonna make
• 17:36
  Speaker 2: two suns because it's binoculars. You got two little telescopes there.
• 17:42
  Speaker 2: You can focus it in side by side suns, and
• 17:45
  Speaker 2: those in the image of those side by side suns,
• 17:47
  Speaker 2: you should be able to see this giant sunspot group.
• 17:50
  Speaker 2: So it's just beginning. We probably can be talking about
• 17:54
  Speaker 2: the storm next week. Who knows if the storm will
• 17:57
  Speaker 2: be active enough and when it's in position facing directly
• 18:01
  Speaker 2: at the Earth to have some kind of a large
• 18:03
  Speaker 2: disturbance that may cause Aurora borealis, at least in the
• 18:07
  Speaker 2: upper tier of the United States. We always want to
• 18:10
  Speaker 2: repeat the Great Year of twenty twenty four, where we
• 18:13
  Speaker 2: had a couple of titanic sized solar events that Wes
• 18:17
  Speaker 2: and I got to see northern lights a couple of
• 18:19
  Speaker 2: times from our very southern latitude here in west central
• 18:22
  Speaker 2: Georgia in the United States. So we'll be keeping an
• 18:24
  Speaker 2: eye on this new Sunspot group. Check out spaceweather dot
• 18:28
  Speaker 2: com to monitor it for yourself.
• 18:30
  Speaker 5: More Made of Stars right after this, this next story
• 18:53
  Speaker 5: I really love because it certainly seems we are getting
• 18:56
  Speaker 5: closer and closer and closer to finding some evidence of
• 19:01
  Speaker 5: life on Mars, or solidifying the almost that we've already had.
• 19:08
  Speaker 5: And this next story goes a little deeper.
• 19:12
  Speaker 2: It's really interesting. The Mars Perseverance Rover that's the most
• 19:17
  Speaker 2: contemporary of all the rovers on Mars right now that
• 19:20
  Speaker 2: are operating. It's in a place called Jezzaro Crater on
• 19:24
  Speaker 2: the planet Mars. The Jezero Crater is an impact basin,
• 19:27
  Speaker 2: but it is also a place where scientists believe that
• 19:31
  Speaker 2: water will once form a massive lake on the surface
• 19:35
  Speaker 2: of Mars back in Mars as much younger days, and
• 19:39
  Speaker 2: so that makes it a good place to go look
• 19:43
  Speaker 2: and see if we can find potential signs of past
• 19:46
  Speaker 2: life on the red planet. It's one of the reasons
• 19:49
  Speaker 2: that NASA chose that as a landing site. And an
• 19:51
  Speaker 2: investigation site. And so that's what Perseverance Rover has been doing. Now.
• 19:56
  Speaker 2: About a year ago, Wes and I talked on this
• 19:58
  Speaker 2: show about but a place called Cheyava Falls, and that's
• 20:04
  Speaker 2: an identity, a location identified in the jezuro Crater by scientists.
• 20:10
  Speaker 2: But in that location, the Perseverance Rover identified possible biosignatures
• 20:18
  Speaker 2: of ancient life. That was a story again about twelve
• 20:21
  Speaker 2: months ago. On that order. Last summer sometime twenty twenty five,
• 20:25
  Speaker 2: we talked about these potential biosignatures and the fact that
• 20:29
  Speaker 2: we couldn't have conclusive analysis done just by the rover itself.
• 20:34
  Speaker 2: We really need to go up and get samples of
• 20:36
  Speaker 2: that or return some of those samples from the surface
• 20:38
  Speaker 2: of Mars back to Earth so that we could finish
• 20:40
  Speaker 2: doing that analysis. Okay, but in that same place, in
• 20:45
  Speaker 2: the very same place called Chejava Falls. Now, the Mars
• 20:50
  Speaker 2: Perseverance Rover has unearthed some interesting finds in some of
• 20:55
  Speaker 2: the mudstones in the Jezuro Crater, and it could be
• 21:00
  Speaker 2: that these new finds are strengthening the case for potential
• 21:04
  Speaker 2: past life on the Red planet. What they found this
• 21:08
  Speaker 2: time are what they're calling macro molecular complex carbon. What
• 21:15
  Speaker 2: does that mean to you and me? That means carbon molecules,
• 21:18
  Speaker 2: but really big and complex carbon molecules on the surface
• 21:23
  Speaker 2: of Mars. So the interesting thing about that is that
• 21:29
  Speaker 2: these same kind of macro molecular complex carbons are exactly
• 21:35
  Speaker 2: the kinds of things that we look for on Earth,
• 21:39
  Speaker 2: where we know that it's a harsh environment that's also ancient.
• 21:45
  Speaker 2: But we're wondering if in that harsh environment, let's say,
• 21:48
  Speaker 2: near the polar caps or something something very cold, we
• 21:51
  Speaker 2: look for those same kind of macro molecular carbons as
• 21:56
  Speaker 2: evidence of early life on this planet. So this is
• 22:02
  Speaker 2: exactly the kind of signature a complex carbon, large scale
• 22:08
  Speaker 2: structure that we would look for life on our own planet,
• 22:11
  Speaker 2: and now we are finding it in the Jesero Crater,
• 22:14
  Speaker 2: which is really cool. The co lead author on this
• 22:18
  Speaker 2: particular research project is Ashley Murphy. Ashley Murphy is a
• 22:22
  Speaker 2: researcher at the Planetary Science Institute, and she recently did
• 22:27
  Speaker 2: an interview with space dot Com. So here's the interesting
• 22:31
  Speaker 2: thing from our perspective about Planetary Sciences Institute. The Planetary
• 22:35
  Speaker 2: Science Institute is a place where one of our former
• 22:37
  Speaker 2: students is also a research scientist, that would be Matt Perry.
• 22:41
  Speaker 2: Matt Perry was just here in Columbus, Georgia a couple
• 22:44
  Speaker 2: of months ago. He was the keynote speaker for our
• 22:47
  Speaker 2: Tower Day, which is our research forum here at Columbus
• 22:51
  Speaker 2: State University. So this is the same place where our
• 22:53
  Speaker 2: friend Matt works and Ashley Murphy had some quotes about
• 22:58
  Speaker 2: their findings. Quote measurements of two mudstones show hundreds of
• 23:04
  Speaker 2: organic detections, making this the most robust organic detection yet
• 23:09
  Speaker 2: in Jesero Crater. Carbon is the primary building block for
• 23:13
  Speaker 2: life on Earth, and all living things are made up
• 23:16
  Speaker 2: of complex organic molecules. On Earth, it is often found
• 23:20
  Speaker 2: in extremely old rocks and in some cases it is
• 23:23
  Speaker 2: the only organic evidence of past microbial life. Unquote Ashley Murphy,
• 23:30
  Speaker 2: Planetary Sciences Institute. So there we go, friends, we are
• 23:33
  Speaker 2: finding really interesting continued biosignatures. This is a different kind
• 23:40
  Speaker 2: of biosignature than was found last year, but so that
• 23:44
  Speaker 2: makes it even more a more strong case. You're finding
• 23:47
  Speaker 2: a couple of different kinds of biosignatures. And is this
• 23:51
  Speaker 2: evidence for life on Mars or past life on Mars?
• 23:54
  Speaker 2: Not yet? Not yet?
• 23:56
  Speaker 5: Feels like we're getting close though.
• 23:57
  Speaker 2: Yeah, the case is strengthening, that's right, So we are
• 24:01
  Speaker 2: getting closer. So a really interesting story. We're gonna keep
• 24:03
  Speaker 2: our eye on this one. This is this is one
• 24:05
  Speaker 2: of those things that we'll be returning to you on
• 24:07
  Speaker 2: this podcast and talking about it. Look, here's here's the thing.
• 24:11
  Speaker 2: I mean, disclosure day set to the side. We would
• 24:14
  Speaker 2: love to have evidence of other life out there in
• 24:17
  Speaker 2: the universe, and if it's right here in our own
• 24:20
  Speaker 2: Solar system, even if that was in the past, that
• 24:22
  Speaker 2: is probably one of the most interesting scientific discoveries one
• 24:26
  Speaker 2: could imagine happening. So so we're approaching that that kind of
• 24:34
  Speaker 2: a disclosure day, we're approaching that kind of a discovery day.
• 24:38
  Speaker 2: Us there could be a day where we announce proof
• 24:42
  Speaker 2: positive of life on another planet in our own solar system.
• 24:46
  Speaker 2: That case will be made by a variety of supporting evidence,
• 24:51
  Speaker 2: and these two discoveries we're talking about now, including this
• 24:54
  Speaker 2: one just released by NASA, could be part of that
• 24:58
  Speaker 2: chain of evidence that leads us to say, yes, Mars
• 25:02
  Speaker 2: definitely had life on its service at one time.
• 25:05
  Speaker 5: More made of stars. Right after this, let's talk about
• 25:28
  Speaker 5: a really really old meteorite and Australia.
• 25:33
  Speaker 2: This is a fun one too. So back in nineteen
• 25:37
  Speaker 2: sixty nine a fairly large meteorite came in and exploded
• 25:44
  Speaker 2: over a place called Murchison, Australia.
• 25:47
  Speaker 5: It's one hundred kilos mate, it's one.
• 25:49
  Speaker 2: Hundred kilograms two point two pounds per kilogram, so that
• 25:54
  Speaker 2: that you know, at least outweighs either of your hosts.
• 25:57
  Speaker 2: It's on the show, all right. So the so then
• 26:00
  Speaker 2: about fifty years later, by the way, when that happened,
• 26:04
  Speaker 2: it's interesting to know. So this meteorite exploded and landed
• 26:08
  Speaker 2: all over these fields that were basically dairy farm fields
• 26:12
  Speaker 2: near Murchison, and all these dairy farmers went out and
• 26:15
  Speaker 2: picked up all these chunks and they sold them. It's
• 26:18
  Speaker 2: like the dairy farmers had a good week, right, they
• 26:20
  Speaker 2: were selling all these chunks of an exploded meteorite to
• 26:23
  Speaker 2: museums all over the world. Approximately eighty kilograms of this
• 26:28
  Speaker 2: Murchison meteorite were discovered were recovered, i should say, and
• 26:32
  Speaker 2: they are now in the collections of museums around the world.
• 26:36
  Speaker 2: The largest single collection is in a museum in Chicago.
• 26:40
  Speaker 2: And so this is something that we have a lot
• 26:42
  Speaker 2: of sample of and so we can do some detailed studies. Well, friends,
• 26:46
  Speaker 2: it turns out the reason that that meteorite exploded before
• 26:50
  Speaker 2: hitting the ground is because the Murchison meteorite had lots
• 26:55
  Speaker 2: of what we would call volatile compounds inside of it.
• 26:59
  Speaker 2: And so these volatile compounds when they met with the
• 27:03
  Speaker 2: heating due to the friction with the air, caused those
• 27:09
  Speaker 2: compounds to go from a solid to a gas in
• 27:12
  Speaker 2: a very rapid form. And that's what we would refer
• 27:15
  Speaker 2: to as an explosion. Right, So, these hydrocarbons contained in
• 27:18
  Speaker 2: this unusual meteorite caused this explosion before this thin could
• 27:22
  Speaker 2: ever hit the ground. It's not like the giant chunk
• 27:25
  Speaker 2: of iron that came in and hit out in the
• 27:27
  Speaker 2: Arizona Desert. This is very different kind of material. So
• 27:31
  Speaker 2: scientists have been finding some really interesting stuff inside this
• 27:35
  Speaker 2: material for a number of years, and that includes things
• 27:40
  Speaker 2: like distinct building blocks for amino acids, sugars, and ribose,
• 27:47
  Speaker 2: which are the backbone of RNA nucleo bases that make
• 27:51
  Speaker 2: up DNA. There's all kinds of these kinds of things
• 27:55
  Speaker 2: that have already been found. Lots of samples of organic
• 27:57
  Speaker 2: chemistry so similar to some of the things that we're
• 28:01
  Speaker 2: just talking about on Mars. Maybe not quite that large,
• 28:03
  Speaker 2: not quite that complex. Okay, So if you have all
• 28:07
  Speaker 2: of those things, it's already interesting. So for the past
• 28:11
  Speaker 2: five decades, scientists have been studying this, and it turns
• 28:15
  Speaker 2: out that one group of scientists came out and they
• 28:18
  Speaker 2: discovered something extremely interesting in the fine grains of the
• 28:22
  Speaker 2: Murchison meteorite. They found what they referred to as pre
• 28:27
  Speaker 2: solar grains. These are little bits of rock and mineral
• 28:33
  Speaker 2: that are five to seven billion years old. Now, the
• 28:39
  Speaker 2: reason that that's really interesting and important is because our
• 28:44
  Speaker 2: Sun and our entire Solar system are only about four
• 28:48
  Speaker 2: point six million years old. So, in other words, these
• 28:53
  Speaker 2: little grains inside the Murgison meteorite that have been identified
• 28:58
  Speaker 2: are actually older than any anything in our Solar system.
• 29:03
  Speaker 2: They came from somewhere else, friends, They came from a
• 29:07
  Speaker 2: different star, a different solar system. That star lived out
• 29:12
  Speaker 2: its life and died long before our son was born,
• 29:15
  Speaker 2: by billions of years, and as it exploded, it threw
• 29:19
  Speaker 2: these particles out into what we would call the interstellar medium,
• 29:23
  Speaker 2: the space in between stars, and some of those little
• 29:26
  Speaker 2: dust grains found their way into the nebula that was
• 29:30
  Speaker 2: forming our own Sun, our own planets, and found its
• 29:35
  Speaker 2: way inside the Murchison meteorite, which didn't become the Merchant's
• 29:40
  Speaker 2: meteorite until nineteen sixty nine. By the way, it was
• 29:42
  Speaker 2: just a piece of floating space debris left over from
• 29:45
  Speaker 2: the formation of our Solar system. So this is an
• 29:48
  Speaker 2: extremely interesting story. It is the oldest solid material ever
• 29:53
  Speaker 2: identified on the surface of the Earth. We have never
• 29:57
  Speaker 2: found a sample of solid material older then these particles
• 30:01
  Speaker 2: in the Murchison meteorite from Australia. And this with all
• 30:06
  Speaker 2: the other aspects of that really interesting meteorite that we discussed,
• 30:10
  Speaker 2: it makes the Murchison meteorite one of the most scientifically
• 30:14
  Speaker 2: valuable single rocks ever to be discovered on the surface
• 30:18
  Speaker 2: of our planet.
• 30:19
  Speaker 5: And then as this thing explodes in sixty nine, it's like,
• 30:23
  Speaker 5: I mean, no idea that it's that old, Like no idea.
• 30:28
  Speaker 5: It's origins, and obviously it's taken them a while to
• 30:31
  Speaker 5: get to that conclusion. It reminds me of when you
• 30:34
  Speaker 5: get in your car and like a fly gets in
• 30:36
  Speaker 5: your car and then you drive to another destination and
• 30:39
  Speaker 5: then the fly gets out. It's kind of like that
• 30:42
  Speaker 5: isn't it. And you think very much like that, you know,
• 30:44
  Speaker 5: it's like that, except you know, billions of years.
• 30:46
  Speaker 2: That's a long one was a fly. One might think, Wow,
• 30:49
  Speaker 2: I'm not even in my own star system anymore.
• 30:52
  Speaker 5: Where am I supposed to? You know, find dog residue
• 30:58
  Speaker 5: that I can land on, and it's trying to clean
• 31:01
  Speaker 5: it up the best I can.
• 31:03
  Speaker 2: That Interstellar movie, I don't know.
• 31:06
  Speaker 5: That's right. It's pretty cool stuff. Well, it's being a
• 31:09
  Speaker 5: cool stuff. We got this story. I just wanted to
• 31:11
  Speaker 5: quickly touch on this because when I saw the story initially,
• 31:16
  Speaker 5: I thought, this is this is a great story for
• 31:20
  Speaker 5: us to add for meta stars, even though it's really
• 31:22
  Speaker 5: nothing to do with meta stars other than the fact
• 31:25
  Speaker 5: that the story compares this color the or absence of
• 31:32
  Speaker 5: color or whatever. They take this paint and they compare
• 31:36
  Speaker 5: it to a black hole, and that's what kind of
• 31:40
  Speaker 5: got my attention, and I thought, I'm gonna send this
• 31:41
  Speaker 5: to Sean. So it's a company in China who I
• 31:46
  Speaker 5: guess made news. It wasn't as big a story apparently
• 31:50
  Speaker 5: for the previous time, but I guess they've been trying
• 31:52
  Speaker 5: to gradually get paint colors that are Blacker and Blacker,
• 31:56
  Speaker 5: and they've just about hit complete black. Ninety nine point
• 32:02
  Speaker 5: nine percent plus of light is I guess absorbed. It
• 32:07
  Speaker 5: says it doesn't reflect really any light, and the pictures
• 32:12
  Speaker 5: of it, it looks exactly like something out of like
• 32:16
  Speaker 5: Chris Nolan Batman, like out of the Dark Knight when
• 32:18
  Speaker 5: he's driving the car and it's just completely pitch black
• 32:21
  Speaker 5: driving on the road, except it's a picture of the
• 32:25
  Speaker 5: car in daylight on the beach and it looks like that.
• 32:27
  Speaker 5: It's so weird. But the company is Napon Paint in China,
• 32:35
  Speaker 5: a nipsy group there R and D division the name
• 32:40
  Speaker 5: of the company, I guess working under the name Napon Paint.
• 32:42
  Speaker 5: And this story I found it on wece. I don't
• 32:46
  Speaker 5: spend a lot of time on Vice dot com, but
• 32:48
  Speaker 5: this story was got my attention and then they published
• 32:52
  Speaker 5: the study in Matter and Light. So basically a car
• 32:56
  Speaker 5: I guess previously let me see where the so ordinary
• 33:00
  Speaker 5: black car is at ninety nine point eight percent light absorption,
• 33:05
  Speaker 5: So you think about they're just going up another percent
• 33:08
  Speaker 5: and apparently it makes a pretty big difference.
• 33:12
  Speaker 4: To black.
• 33:12
  Speaker 5: Was the past color that they did, and it was
• 33:14
  Speaker 5: ninety nine point nine sixty five percent a visible light.
• 33:18
  Speaker 8: So that's astounding, by the way, well it's and to
• 33:22
  Speaker 8: know that they did a lot of work just to
• 33:24
  Speaker 8: get like up to point you know, nine to nine
• 33:28
  Speaker 8: percent or whatever it is, is also astounding.
• 33:32
  Speaker 2: I realized that this podcast is theater of the mind
• 33:35
  Speaker 2: and you can't really mean you can go to the
• 33:37
  Speaker 2: Vice article go see it, but that if you're just listening,
• 33:40
  Speaker 2: if you're driving your car something, imagine imagine a photograph
• 33:43
  Speaker 2: of a you know, sexy, brand new suv sitting on
• 33:47
  Speaker 2: the beach, like a promotional photograph, and then some small
• 33:50
  Speaker 2: child took a pair of scissors and just cut out
• 33:53
  Speaker 2: the shape of the suv and and then you know,
• 33:56
  Speaker 2: it's like just black there now right, just missing, just gone.
• 34:00
  Speaker 2: That's really kind of what this looks like. And the
• 34:02
  Speaker 2: first question I asked Wes is why did they paint
• 34:04
  Speaker 2: the windows? And how can the driver's see out? But okay,
• 34:06
  Speaker 2: that's that's fine, that's for somebody else to worry about,
• 34:09
  Speaker 2: not me.
• 34:09
  Speaker 5: And the other question with the picture, by the way,
• 34:11
  Speaker 5: because they did apparently everything every aspect of this vehicle
• 34:15
  Speaker 5: is painted with this black and I can't tell if
• 34:18
  Speaker 5: that's a flag from the beach that's behind it, or
• 34:22
  Speaker 5: is the flag so that they can find the car
• 34:24
  Speaker 5: at night, Like I don't know what the if that's
• 34:26
  Speaker 5: attached to the car, But anyway.
• 34:28
  Speaker 2: I mean in the night, in the day, I mean,
• 34:30
  Speaker 2: you know, there is that car in the broad daylight.
• 34:33
  Speaker 2: It's like, where's our car? I don't know.
• 34:34
  Speaker 5: Yeah, it's just look.
• 34:36
  Speaker 2: For a giant cutout of an SUV and so there.
• 34:39
  Speaker 2: Oh wow, I just ran into it.
• 34:40
  Speaker 5: And to call it a black hole, I mean that's
• 34:42
  Speaker 5: a good description for it. It's just nothing there.
• 34:45
  Speaker 2: And so here's here's what I was gonna say. You said,
• 34:47
  Speaker 2: it doesn't necessarily tie to our podcast. Oh no, I
• 34:49
  Speaker 2: beg the different friends. It ties. It ties into our
• 34:52
  Speaker 2: podcast in two different ways. First of all, there's a
• 34:54
  Speaker 2: very important concept in astrophysics called it's called a perfect absorber,
• 35:00
  Speaker 2: where it's a black body. And so we use this concept.
• 35:04
  Speaker 2: It's a mathematical concept of something with every bit of
• 35:08
  Speaker 2: the radiation that falls on it is absorbed and then
• 35:11
  Speaker 2: it's re emitted a different wavelengths. So this is what
• 35:14
  Speaker 2: we use to model the surface of stars and how
• 35:18
  Speaker 2: they generate the radiation. So already you have a vehicle.
• 35:22
  Speaker 2: Now that's almost replicating the concept of a black body
• 35:28
  Speaker 2: and black body radiation just because of its super high
• 35:31
  Speaker 2: absorption factor. So already you could you know, the astrophysics
• 35:35
  Speaker 2: geek would go, well it sounds like a black body,
• 35:37
  Speaker 2: then yeah, you would know you're one of us, all right.
• 35:39
  Speaker 2: So that's the first thing. Here's the second thing. As
• 35:42
  Speaker 2: a stakeholder in SpaceX, the next time you're at the
• 35:45
  Speaker 2: shareholders meeting, you could say, hey, have we ever thought
• 35:49
  Speaker 2: about painting our star links with this super black paint
• 35:52
  Speaker 2: because you know, one of the biggest complaints about starlink
• 35:55
  Speaker 2: from the astronomical community is it's ruining all the images
• 35:59
  Speaker 2: on planet Earth and you get all this light pollution
• 36:02
  Speaker 2: because all these satellites reflect that crazy sunlight down. Well,
• 36:05
  Speaker 2: if they were painted with this super black hole black
• 36:08
  Speaker 2: body paint, that's you know, ninety nine point nine something
• 36:12
  Speaker 2: percent observative, we wouldn't even see those guys. It would
• 36:18
  Speaker 2: be like, you know, without space, it would be just
• 36:21
  Speaker 2: like nothing there. So so I think at the next
• 36:23
  Speaker 2: shareholders meaning to bring that a point on, let him know.
• 36:26
  Speaker 5: Yeah, I'll make sure to do that, make some notes,
• 36:28
  Speaker 5: cut this picture out. But I got to figure out
• 36:30
  Speaker 5: if I cut around the car, will there be anything
• 36:33
  Speaker 5: to show him?
• 36:34
  Speaker 2: Yeah, you'll have nothing.
• 36:36
  Speaker 5: It's basically a picture of nothing. It's it's fascinating. And
• 36:41
  Speaker 5: one of the other things we talked about when I
• 36:43
  Speaker 5: sent it to you was just the fact that it's
• 36:47
  Speaker 5: not just absorbing light, it's absorbing heat. That thing would
• 36:50
  Speaker 5: be an absolute sweat box if you got inside.
• 36:53
  Speaker 2: It, so seriously and glad you brought that point up.
• 36:57
  Speaker 2: One of the things I would love to do is
• 36:59
  Speaker 2: see an red image of that view, right, Like is it?
• 37:03
  Speaker 2: It's it's the paint is tuned to absorb visible light.
• 37:09
  Speaker 2: But what does it do with the energy that it's
• 37:11
  Speaker 2: absorbed from all that visible light? It's re emitting it somehow,
• 37:14
  Speaker 2: or it's thermalizing it one of those two things. And
• 37:17
  Speaker 2: for those of you who don't speak geek like I do,
• 37:19
  Speaker 2: thermalizing just means it's turning it into hot stuff, all right,
• 37:23
  Speaker 2: So so it's either getting warm itself or it's just
• 37:26
  Speaker 2: re emitting in the infrared like crazy. So that might
• 37:30
  Speaker 2: be a strong infrared source, like you don't see it
• 37:33
  Speaker 2: in visible light, but boy, if you got an ir
• 37:35
  Speaker 2: cam or a thermal cam, that thing is going to
• 37:37
  Speaker 2: be just glowing like a match tip. So it's interesting
• 37:40
  Speaker 2: to know. I would love to see an ir image
• 37:43
  Speaker 2: of the of the suv painted with the nepon.
• 37:47
  Speaker 5: Black Batman would also like to see that too, because
• 37:51
  Speaker 5: you know, if he's thinking about painting it with this,
• 37:54
  Speaker 5: he's gonna need to see that thermal because they could
• 37:56
  Speaker 5: track him with a thermal image image of it would
• 37:59
  Speaker 5: be bad.
• 38:00
  Speaker 2: The Joker would absolutely do that.
• 38:01
  Speaker 5: Mo're made of stars. Right after this, let's talk about
• 38:26
  Speaker 5: Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center summer months.
• 38:29
  Speaker 5: We still got another full month of summer to go
• 38:33
  Speaker 5: before even start really thinking about back to school, which
• 38:36
  Speaker 5: will be here much faster than I know my kids
• 38:39
  Speaker 5: are ready for it. But still another month plus a
• 38:42
  Speaker 5: little like five weeks at least before we get into August.
• 38:45
  Speaker 5: So what do you guys have going on now?
• 38:48
  Speaker 2: So you know, it's a nice place to visit. I
• 38:49
  Speaker 2: was actually down there this afternoon. Pretty cool. I have
• 38:54
  Speaker 2: some space stuff in there now, so yeah, so come
• 38:56
  Speaker 2: down and visit us. We have the largest collection of
• 38:57
  Speaker 2: Space Shuttle artifacts in the space in the state of Georgia.
• 39:01
  Speaker 2: Most of those pieces are actually on display and you
• 39:03
  Speaker 2: can come down and see an actual RS twenty five engine.
• 39:06
  Speaker 2: That's the same kind of engine, by the way, that's
• 39:07
  Speaker 2: on the SLS vehicle that's taking astronauts back to the
• 39:10
  Speaker 2: Moon during the Artemis fore mission. So that's a really
• 39:14
  Speaker 2: important piece of American space history. We also have the
• 39:17
  Speaker 2: Dave Scott collection. Dave Scott just celebrated his ninety fourth
• 39:21
  Speaker 2: birthday here recently, and so he's the commander of Apollo fifteen.
• 39:25
  Speaker 2: Seems to be doing well from reports from his brother.
• 39:29
  Speaker 2: So the artifacts that we have on display and memorabilia
• 39:32
  Speaker 2: are from the collection of the Scott brothers, Dave and Tom,
• 39:36
  Speaker 2: and they are pieces of memorabilia or actually space phone
• 39:39
  Speaker 2: artifacts from Dave's collection. If all of that isn't yanking
• 39:44
  Speaker 2: your chain, you might just want to fly a flight simulator, right,
• 39:47
  Speaker 2: have a good time with our new Space Pirates game
• 39:50
  Speaker 2: called Atherean the Abyss Protocol. So that's a new game
• 39:54
  Speaker 2: we have on our flight simulators. You can come down
• 39:56
  Speaker 2: and hang out and fly those. You might want to
• 39:58
  Speaker 2: see a show in the Otmosphere Theater, a state of
• 40:00
  Speaker 2: the art planetarium system. We have a brand new show
• 40:03
  Speaker 2: called Dinosaur a Survivor, a survival story. Did the dinosaurs anyways?
• 40:09
  Speaker 2: The Dinosaur's a survival store. You come see for yourself.
• 40:12
  Speaker 2: If the dynastas, maybe they survived, Maybe they caught a
• 40:15
  Speaker 2: SpaceX ship and went multiplanetary. I don't really know anyway,
• 40:18
  Speaker 2: Come down and check out out in the Atmosphere Theater
• 40:21
  Speaker 2: at Columbus University's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
• 40:24
  Speaker 5: Sean and I thank you for listening, and we will
• 40:26
  Speaker 5: do this again next week. Overhead Door Company of Columbus
• 40:36
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• 40:39
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