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The Fall of Isfahan: How Safavid Persia Crumbled in 1722
The Safavid Empire, which Shah Abbas the Great had raised to a dazzling peak, collapsed with shocking speed. By the early eighteenth century, the dynasty was hollowed out by weak shahs, court intrigue, and religious repression. The Ghilzai Afghans, led by Mahmud Hotak, exploited the chaos. In 1722, after a brutal six-month siege, they took Isfahan — the jewel of Persia. Lucas and Luna walk through the final act: the decline under Shah Sultan Husayn, the rise of the Ghilzai rebellion in Kandahar, the catastrophic battle of Golnabad where a Persian army tens of thousands strong routed by a…
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