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Before the Banks

The legal foundations of tribal economies

Long before federal banking systems or modern economic policy, Native nations were building trade networks, governing territory and sustaining complex economies.

In Episode 1 of Difference Makers 3.0, legal scholar Robert J. Miller — a citizen of the Eastern Shawnee Tribe and professor of law — joins Brian Edwards and Pete Upton to examine the historical and constitutional foundations of tribal sovereignty.

From pre-colonial trade systems to the U.S. Constitution’s Commerce Clause, Miller makes the case that tribes are sovereign governments, not…

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