Latest / Becker’s Healthcare Podcast / Building a High Performing Pharmacy Enterprise at MercyOne with Scott Knoer
Transcript
- 0:00This is Laura Dirda with the Becker's healthcare
- 0:02podcast. I'm thrilled today to be joined by
- 0:04doctor Scott Knorr, who's the regional chief pharmacy
- 0:06officer at MercyOne.
- 0:08Scott, it's a pleasure to have you on
- 0:09the podcast today.
- 0:11Thanks so much, Laura. I've, done a lot
- 0:13of things with Becker's over the years, and
- 0:15I always enjoy,
- 0:17you know, your your different venues, your your
- 0:20meetings, and your podcasts, and your daily emails.
- 0:23So it's it's fun to be part of
- 0:24it. Oh, absolutely. Plus I plus I got
- 0:27a picture with Wayne Gretzky at the last
- 0:29meeting, so that was super cool.
- 0:31Oh, that's fantastic. How fun and exciting. I
- 0:33know,
- 0:34just a legend, Wayne Gretzky and, you know,
- 0:36an inspiring person as well. So glad you're
- 0:39able to to see him and get the
- 0:40picture. Are you a big hockey fan?
- 0:43Yeah, well it was pretty brief, you know,
- 0:44I was in line.
- 0:46But yeah, it was it was pretty cool.
- 0:47So, you know, it's and that's something laura
- 0:50Is exciting because there's someone who is the
- 0:52absolute best at what they do in the
- 0:55world So it's just always fun
- 0:57to to spend any amount of time and
- 0:59and listen to the wisdom of of folks
- 1:01who really are the best in the world
- 1:03at what they do.
- 1:05Absolutely. That is, a 100%,
- 1:08the case, and I always enjoy listening to
- 1:10those athletes and and great business leaders and
- 1:13minds and speakers that we have at our
- 1:14annual meeting. And I know you'll be speaking
- 1:16at the annual meeting as or well in
- 1:18our chief pharmacy officer summit coming up. So,
- 1:21we'll be excited to dig a little bit
- 1:23deeper there. But for our podcast today, I
- 1:25know we've got some things we're gonna talk
- 1:26about,
- 1:27great products you're doing at MercyOne and, you
- 1:29know, how you're thinking about the future. But
- 1:31before we dive in and for those especially
- 1:33who have just discovered our podcast or or
- 1:36may not be as familiar with you, can
- 1:37you tell us a little bit more about
- 1:39yourself, background, and MercyOne?
- 1:41Yeah. Yeah. I sure can.
- 1:44So I'm I'm I've been around,
- 1:47pharmacy
- 1:47quite quite a bit. So I took a
- 1:50break from not for profit health care, but,
- 1:53I was director of pharmacy at University of
- 1:55Minnesota Medical Center, part of Fairview in Minneapolis.
- 1:59I got recruited to Cleveland Clinic. I was
- 2:01the chief pharmacy officer there for nine years.
- 2:03We opened hospitals in Abu Dhabi and London
- 2:06and and,
- 2:08did some amazing things, had some of the
- 2:09first chemotherapy
- 2:11robots in the country.
- 2:12And I I I really leveraged the position
- 2:15of the Cleveland Clinic. You know, it's one
- 2:16of the, you know, top health systems in
- 2:18the world, Mayo Clinic Hopkins.
- 2:20And, the media cared a lot, not about
- 2:23what I thought, but about what the chief
- 2:25pharmacy officer at Cleveland Clinic thought. So I
- 2:27became a voice
- 2:29of, I I hopefully, a voice for good
- 2:31on some of the egregious drug pricing issues
- 2:34we've got and, you know, was quoted over
- 2:35a 100 times in the Wall Street Journal
- 2:37and Post and the Times.
- 2:39And, that and also on PBMs and advocacy
- 2:42against the egregious practice of PBMs. And I
- 2:45got the attention of American Pharmacists Association who
- 2:48recruited me to be the CEO there.
- 2:50And the American Pharmacist Association is kind of
- 2:52like the AMA of pharmacy.
- 2:55And, you know, they'd had some challenges financially,
- 2:58and some membership issues.
- 3:00And we turned the organization around and
- 3:04dramatically, in two years, membership went up. Our
- 3:06our margins were were positive for the first
- 3:09time in quite a while. And and, but
- 3:11then I I went
- 3:13to the I went to industry. I I
- 3:15was recruited,
- 3:16during my time at the Cleveland Clinic. I
- 3:18knew Toby Cosgrove, who was one of the
- 3:20he was a frequent guy on on Becker's.
- 3:22He was one of the best known hospital
- 3:23CEOs in the last twenty years. He was
- 3:25on the board, hims and hers. And, so
- 3:28he introduced me to Andrew, and I I
- 3:29became their chief pharmacy officer for a bit
- 3:32of time and learned about,
- 3:34the for profit world and telehealth, and it
- 3:36was an amazing experience.
- 3:38But now I'm back. I'm originally from Iowa.
- 3:40Haven't been here for about forty years, and
- 3:41this opportunity came up. And my mom, she's
- 3:4482. She's doing great.
- 3:46She's healthy,
- 3:48spending time with her and my brother. I'm
- 3:49hunting on my family farm in Iowa and
- 3:52just enjoying life. And MercyOne's part of Trinity.
- 3:54It's we've got 40 hospitals in Iowa, part
- 3:56of, Trinity,
- 3:58which is one of the
- 3:59largest,
- 4:00health systems in in the country.
- 4:02But yeah. So that's a little bit about
- 4:03me and and MercyOne.
- 4:07Well, that's amazing to hear. You know, as
- 4:09a fellow Iowan, I can definitely attest to
- 4:11being able to be back and be home
- 4:12is always an amazing thing. So, the emergency
- 4:15one is, really lucky to have you.
- 4:17Well, it's it's a good place to be.
- 4:20It's a good place to be. And they've,
- 4:22you know, they had some turnover in leadership.
- 4:24I'm the first, chief pharmacy officer they've had,
- 4:28that it that everything reports solid line to
- 4:30me. And, you know, taking some learnings we've
- 4:33done before,
- 4:35it's not my first trip to the rodeo.
- 4:37So we were able to
- 4:39really rapidly
- 4:40develop some programs and some,
- 4:43some profitability
- 4:44on the ambulatory side.
- 4:48That that's great to hear. And I would
- 4:50love to to dig a little bit deeper
- 4:52into that. I mean, especially thinking about the
- 4:54last year or so.
- 4:56You know, what has been some of the
- 4:57most important initiatives you led? How did you
- 4:59drive that profitability? What did you do, and
- 5:01what were the results?
- 5:02Yeah. Well, Laura, you know,
- 5:05pharmacy and everyone if this is primarily a
- 5:07pharmacy,
- 5:08audience,
- 5:09pharmacy lives in two worlds in health care.
- 5:11Right? On the inpatient side, we're reimbursed by
- 5:14DRG, so it's all about cost.
- 5:16So there, we're stewards of the drug budget.
- 5:18And, you know, I've got a couple $100,000,000
- 5:21drug budget. It's got us 1,250,000,000.00
- 5:23at Cleveland Clinic.
- 5:25But but managing that that's not using cheap
- 5:28medications. Right? That's using cost effective medications, and
- 5:30that's where the clinical practice fits in. That's
- 5:33where having pharmacists, you know, rounding with your
- 5:35physicians,
- 5:36changing things from IV to PO,
- 5:38doing renal dosing,
- 5:40formulary management. That's where we are stewards of
- 5:44that drug budget. But
- 5:46pharmacy on the ambulatory world is still a
- 5:48true
- 5:49revenue center,
- 5:51and it surprises me because I've been doing
- 5:53it for a long time.
- 5:55I actually trained with the godfather of specialty
- 5:57pharmacy. Bob Beecher was my mentor at University
- 6:00of Minnesota. So when I got the Cleveland
- 6:01Clinic, I built a 100,000 square foot state
- 6:04of the art specialty pharmacy.
- 6:06And when I got here,
- 6:09MercyOne is a little different with Trinity.
- 6:12So we didn't have that capital.
- 6:15So with existing infrastructure,
- 6:18we created my my main goal is create
- 6:20ambulatory infrastructure. We did not have anyone in
- 6:22charge of our 19 all 19 pharmacies. There
- 6:25were five different regions. Created the infrastructure.
- 6:28And we're on track,
- 6:30net profit right off the income statement,
- 6:32to have
- 6:34fiscal year twenty six versus '25, we're gonna
- 6:37have $20,000,000
- 6:37more to the bottom line at MercyOne through
- 6:40what pharmacy's done. And I've got strategies in
- 6:44place,
- 6:45to probably fiscal year twenty seven to have
- 6:47another,
- 6:49another 12 to
- 6:5118,000,000.
- 6:52So it's really
- 6:54leveraging our providers. Right? Because our doctors and
- 6:57and, you know, pharmacy, we just we have
- 6:59to provide amazing service and prior authorizations,
- 7:02and work with our medical staff. And and
- 7:04we've got great relationships
- 7:06with doctor Olsen here, it our our,
- 7:10who's in charge of the medical staff, and
- 7:11my boss, doctor Carryon, is super supportive. So
- 7:15and the other thing with that, Laura, this
- 7:17is a universal truth of management. I've been
- 7:19doing this for a long time.
- 7:21Success breeds success. So you come in, you
- 7:24establish credibility,
- 7:26senior leadership team says, hey. Scott said he's
- 7:28gonna make us $12,000,000, he's gonna make us
- 7:2920. So then more initiatives come and bring
- 7:33us initiatives. So that's kinda where we're at.
- 7:35It's kinda like the flywheel,
- 7:37just starts spinning. It only took,
- 7:39I got here.
- 7:41About six months later, we got the business
- 7:42plan established.
- 7:43We're crushing it. The flywheel is moving, and
- 7:46and success is breeding success like it always
- 7:48does.
- 7:50Well, that's Megan here. You know, really,
- 7:53helpful to understand that kind of concept of
- 7:56creating that flywheel, getting things off the ground.
- 7:58And then, those are big numbers to be
- 7:59bringing into the health system, and something that
- 8:02is impressive to see.
- 8:04I'm curious,
- 8:05having the business plan in place is great,
- 8:07but then it only works as well as
- 8:09the people in the team that you're working
- 8:10with are able to,
- 8:12you know,
- 8:14embrace it and bring that into their day
- 8:16to day, operating workflows and the way mindset
- 8:19and how they're thinking about things. So, you
- 8:21know, how do you approach that, especially with
- 8:23the new team when you're coming in, to
- 8:25help them see the vision and be able
- 8:27to make the necessary adjustments so that you
- 8:29can realize what you're trying to do?
- 8:32That's a great question, Laura.
- 8:34And, you know, I've started new jobs as
- 8:37as the leader,
- 8:39University of Minnesota Medical Center,
- 8:41Cleveland
- 8:42Clinic, American Pharmacy Association, where, you know, sometimes
- 8:46you come in
- 8:47and you have to fundamentally transfer. Sometimes you
- 8:50have to see who's good and who's not,
- 8:52and,
- 8:53you have to move some people and get
- 8:55rid of some folks.
- 8:57Here,
- 8:58I was really fortunate, and I've always been
- 9:00fortunate.
- 9:02I have an eye for finding
- 9:04raw talent,
- 9:05so I was able to within the people
- 9:08we have, I have
- 9:09a leader, a young guy,
- 9:11Craig Ford. He was the manager of the
- 9:14three
- 9:15pharmacies in Des Moines. He was there about
- 9:17a year before I was. And Craig had
- 9:19a background in regional management, especially pharmacy at
- 9:22Walgreens. So I had someone with that expertise
- 9:24here, and he'd already made really good changes
- 9:27in Des Moines, which was actually losing money
- 9:29in our retail pharmacies, if you could believe
- 9:31that. He stabilized that.
- 9:33So part of the business plan I had,
- 9:35I said, I can capture this, but I
- 9:36can't do it with nothing. K? I have
- 9:38to have I've got 19 pharmacies
- 9:41and, you know, little regional leaders who are
- 9:43doing a great job,
- 9:44but but put Craig into a regional director
- 9:47role,
- 9:48and he is just rocking. The guy's on
- 9:50fire,
- 9:52and he's great at developing his team. The
- 9:53other thing I had is
- 9:55pockets of excellence.
- 9:58Our Dubuque specialty pharmacy group not Dubuque. I'm
- 10:02sorry. Our, Genesys, which is in Davenport,
- 10:05Jason Hansel there, had really
- 10:08you know, and I did a big bang
- 10:09at Cleveland Clinic. I built a 100,000 square
- 10:11foot pharmacies.
- 10:12He did it incrementally a little bit over
- 10:14time and has the credibility with the physicians.
- 10:17So I put him in charge of all
- 10:18specialty pharmacy here. So we have the it's
- 10:20all about infrastructure.
- 10:22K? Craig is in charge of all pharmacy.
- 10:24Jason reports to him as in charge of
- 10:25all specialty.
- 10:27And,
- 10:28we didn't have the three forty b infrastructure.
- 10:30So Aaron Brownmiller, who,
- 10:32started with our accounting team in Mason City
- 10:34and did so, I put her in charge
- 10:35of all of it. And these guys are
- 10:37just running with it. I mean, I I
- 10:39can't even keep I now I just I
- 10:41get out of their way. I remove barriers,
- 10:44and I just
- 10:45watch in awe with how they crush everything
- 10:48that they touch.
- 10:51Oh, that's amazing. It's like you've got a
- 10:53dream team there that, you know, is really
- 10:54making big difference. So that's awesome to hear.
- 10:57Now looking ahead for 2026, what are some
- 11:00of the big priorities and headwinds that you're
- 11:02focused on?
- 11:03Yeah. You know,
- 11:05health care stuff, all your members. Right? I
- 11:07mean, you guys know that.
- 11:09The big beautiful bill, the Medicaid cuts, those
- 11:11those challenges,
- 11:13you know, and I'm not taking sides politically
- 11:16in anything if it's right or wrong. It
- 11:17just is. Right? And and folks are gonna
- 11:20have a challenge with premiums with the,
- 11:22Obamacare subsidies and all. Again, not saying it's
- 11:26right or wrong, but but it's challenging. So
- 11:30we you know, MercyOne has a pretty big
- 11:33goal of of,
- 11:35you know, several $100,000,000
- 11:37of of cost,
- 11:39containment stewardship
- 11:41over the next few years. And
- 11:44my experience
- 11:45is that,
- 11:48we can't
- 11:49cut our way to success.
- 11:52We have to grow our way to success.
- 11:53Now you can and I had to do
- 11:54this when I was at American Farm Association.
- 11:56They were losing money every year. I cut
- 11:58my way to short
- 12:02term making it financially and not having to
- 12:04make an offer manager or ours. But that's
- 12:06not sustainable. Then you have to grow, and
- 12:07we're growing
- 12:09the business,
- 12:10by tens of millions of dollars. So we're
- 12:13gonna continue to
- 12:15reinvest
- 12:16in,
- 12:17the areas that are successful
- 12:19and help MercyOne and Trinity
- 12:22achieve their financial goals. And, you know, it's
- 12:25great being part of Trinity,
- 12:27because,
- 12:28Damon Redding is our chief pharmacy officer there,
- 12:31and I've got great counterparts. I got people
- 12:33in Michigan who are doing really good,
- 12:37in specialty pharmacy and Loyola there in Chicago.
- 12:41And, we all help each other out, and
- 12:43we share things. And and I think the
- 12:45things we're learning and demonstrating here, we're gonna
- 12:47share with the rest of Trinity. And, we're
- 12:49gonna just keep that flywheel moving and and
- 12:52doing what we do in pharmacy. And that's
- 12:54that's bringing real revenue and control costs, improve
- 12:58quality,
- 12:59and safety. And I think the other thing,
- 13:01Laura, is I've talked a lot about the
- 13:03the revenue because that's the times we're in.
- 13:05Right? We we have to do that.
- 13:08But pharmacy
- 13:09is a clinical profession,
- 13:12and we did not have any pharmacists in
- 13:14our ambulatory clinics. And I just put one
- 13:16in neurology and endocrinology,
- 13:19and we're just seeing,
- 13:21you know, amazing things with our patients and
- 13:23patient education.
- 13:25Iowa passed a very important,
- 13:29practice act where
- 13:31we can now they call it standard of
- 13:32care. So
- 13:34I can,
- 13:35have worked with our medical staff, our system
- 13:37P and T committee, and say our pharmacists
- 13:39in these ambulatory clinics are going to do
- 13:41this for our physicians. And I don't have
- 13:43to have a collaborative where every physician has
- 13:45to sign off. We can just go through
- 13:47p and t, and those those pharmacists can
- 13:49now adjust doses.
- 13:51Eventually. We're gonna be doing refill authorizations. We
- 13:53did that when I was a Cleveland Clinic.
- 13:55And we're gonna really help our physicians,
- 13:58who are, you know, overwhelmed with lots of
- 14:01work. We're gonna take workload off them. And
- 14:03pharmacy actually,
- 14:07how do I say this? The the clinics
- 14:09in my previous job where I put pharmacists,
- 14:12the quality metrics were better. Everywhere we put
- 14:14a pharmacist in a medicine clinic,
- 14:16timed,
- 14:17therapeutic and hypertension was better, hemoglobin a one
- 14:20c's were better, everything was better. So that's
- 14:23that team based care that we're starting to
- 14:25do here in MercyOne. A lot of people
- 14:27have been doing it for a long time,
- 14:28but we're gonna be doing it here and
- 14:30growing that clinical presence, expanding our residency program.
- 14:33It's hard to recruit in pharmacy right now.
- 14:36You can buy it or build it. We've
- 14:38been buying it, hiring people. We're gonna build
- 14:40it. We're gonna we're gonna,
- 14:42create our own infrastructure where people wanna,
- 14:45do do be students with us. Students become
- 14:48residents. Residents become pharmacists.
- 14:51Well, residents are pharmacists. They become employed pharmacists.
- 14:54Yeah. Yeah. Absolutely. Wow. That's, you know, amazing
- 14:57to to think about that type of growth
- 14:59and building that type of internal pipeline as
- 15:01well, in building talent. I can imagine that
- 15:04will create a huge, huge
- 15:06influx of the right type of people, especially
- 15:09if they're brought up through the program and
- 15:10through the health system as well. What does
- 15:12it take, to to put together a residency
- 15:15program and, then expand it into something that
- 15:18you can, you know,
- 15:20I guess, grow your pipeline more meaningfully?
- 15:22That's a great question. And, you know, so,
- 15:25the American Society of Health System Pharmacists credits
- 15:27residencies,
- 15:28and they've got a lot of rules. I
- 15:30I'll be honest.
- 15:31They used to be really, really onerous. But
- 15:33then,
- 15:34Sam Calabrese, who is my associate chief pharmacy
- 15:37officer at Cleveland Clinic, he went to ASHP,
- 15:40and he's in charge of residency accreditation now.
- 15:42And he's like, guys, your rules are
- 15:44ridiculous. And, you know, in a community hospital,
- 15:47you don't have people who have written in
- 15:48peer reviewed journals. Some of their residency,
- 15:52requirements for preceptors were kinda silly and way
- 15:54too academic. So Sam's helped them become a
- 15:57little more rational, so it's not so onerous
- 16:00to start a residency.
- 16:01You know, so at the clinic, we had
- 16:0311 residents when I got there. Nine years
- 16:05later, we had 66.
- 16:08We're not as big.
- 16:09We're we added our work. We're gonna add
- 16:12residencies
- 16:13where the growth is in the ambulatory world.
- 16:16All of our hospitals will have them starting
- 16:19a residency.
- 16:21So yeah. So it's, in
- 16:24because now we've got corporate
- 16:27infrastructure
- 16:28consolidate some of that. At, you know, at
- 16:30Cleveland Clinic, Manning Leonard
- 16:32ran all my education, and she helped the
- 16:34sites with that. Yeah. I I'm passionate about
- 16:37pharmacy. I've been doing it a long time.
- 16:40You know, it's good also, Laura. I'm at
- 16:41a stage in my career where I've been
- 16:43around the block. I'm not trying to make
- 16:45a name for myself. I'm really loving
- 16:48growing the team we've got and seeing others
- 16:51succeed. I've been there. I've done it. There
- 16:53aren't many things I haven't done in pharmacy.
- 16:56So now,
- 16:57you know, I've done the Cleveland Clinic. I've
- 16:59done the CEO thing. I've done hims and
- 17:01hers. I can come to MercyOne and just
- 17:03help hardworking
- 17:05people,
- 17:06make a difference. And the the people here
- 17:08are just working their butts off and, you
- 17:10know, it's just great to to come in
- 17:13and bring my experience to to help elevate,
- 17:16our practice at MercyOne. It it feels good
- 17:19professionally to be at the stage of my
- 17:20career.
- 17:23That's great to hear. And, you know, definitely,
- 17:26fantastic to have that type of flexibility and
- 17:29credibility in the space. What do you think
- 17:31is the hardest thing you'll have to do
- 17:32next year will be?
- 17:34Well, you know, I'll be honest.
- 17:36Because of the success we're having,
- 17:39I'm not gonna have the hard things. The
- 17:41hard things, and I've had to do that
- 17:43when I was at Minnesota,
- 17:45are
- 17:45because of these,
- 17:47reimbursement challenges. Sometimes hospitals and systems
- 17:50have to cut staff, and that's, like, the
- 17:53worst thing you can do from a personal
- 17:55perspective because it's a tough economy. Right?
- 17:58And I'm not gonna have to deal with
- 17:59that because we're we're making money.
- 18:02So, I'm,
- 18:05really,
- 18:06limiting the negative by by accentuating
- 18:09the positive. So
- 18:11so, you know, we're gonna have that doesn't
- 18:13mean we don't have to be efficient. That
- 18:15doesn't mean we have to don't have to
- 18:16question every FTE.
- 18:18But,
- 18:19we're not gonna have to do the terrible
- 18:21things,
- 18:22because of the success
- 18:23that pharmacy is bringing to MercyOne
- 18:27and to Trinity. So it's a lot more
- 18:29fun to grow than it is to cut,
- 18:31Laura. So we're gonna grow.
- 18:36That's great to hear. It's always nice to
- 18:38be in growth mode. And and speaking of
- 18:39that, I can imagine there's a lot of
- 18:40different opportunities out there,
- 18:43for MercyOne to keep growing, especially in the
- 18:45pharmacy space. But is there anything you're zeroing
- 18:47in on where you see the most opportunities
- 18:49or or the biggest ways that you'd like
- 18:51to grow in the next year or so?
- 18:54Yeah. You know? So
- 18:59our regional areas ministries had been doing pretty
- 19:02good, but Des Moines was the it's our
- 19:04800 pound gorilla,
- 19:07and it had not been maximized
- 19:09at all for for,
- 19:11helping fill our specialty prescription. So that's where
- 19:14all my energy's been. But now that we've
- 19:16got the infrastructure,
- 19:17it's optimizing. It's it's looking at different clinics.
- 19:20It's looking at,
- 19:23if we change,
- 19:25some of our,
- 19:27family practice clinics to provider based,
- 19:30that gives us more opportunity
- 19:33to,
- 19:34maximize
- 19:35some of our our capture there. So now
- 19:37it's working with our dedicated medical staff leadership
- 19:42on what is the strategy and and how
- 19:44do we how do we grow more.
- 19:47You know, at some point,
- 19:49it'll be do we create mail order,
- 19:53to fill our employee health prescriptions? Because those
- 19:55are not revenue. Right? Revenue is outside
- 19:58its cost because we're self employed. So and
- 20:01that's more of Damon's job at corporate trinity
- 20:03is how do we maximize value.
- 20:06I've done that at Cleveland Clinic. We save
- 20:08$20,000,000 a year by filling our own scripts
- 20:10and not letting
- 20:12Caremark
- 20:13siphon our money off. You know, PBMs are
- 20:16I gotta be a little careful there. I've
- 20:18fought PBMs for so many years. I'm not
- 20:20a big fan.
- 20:21They offer really no value. They're middlemen that
- 20:24suck all the profit out leading to crushing
- 20:27retail and community independent pharmacies. So it's how
- 20:29do we take on more and more of
- 20:31that ourselves,
- 20:33and,
- 20:34eliminate the middlemen. So but that's more of
- 20:36a corporate thing. I can't do that at
- 20:37MercyOne because we're part of Trinity, but that's
- 20:39that's something Damon is looking at doing and
- 20:42that I've done at Cleveland Clinic.
- 20:45Got it. Absolutely. That's helpful to see. And,
- 20:47definitely, it seems like it can be a
- 20:49great way to continue to bring,
- 20:52the the pharmacy into the organization and keep
- 20:54the profits there. So,
- 20:57thank you so much for joining on the
- 20:58podcast today, Scott. This has been a fantastic
- 21:00discussion. I I really learned a lot as
- 21:02well as, you know, enjoyed speaking with you
- 21:04that your passion for what you do is
- 21:05very clear, and it comes through,
- 21:07in our conversation. So I I really appreciate
- 21:09this. I'm looking forward to seeing you in
- 21:11person in April.
- 21:13We'll see you in April. Thank you so
- 21:14much, Laura.