Latest / SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day! / Yoreh De’ah 257:5-258:2. Tzedakah: Allocation, Diversification, Jurisdiction, Duplication of Charity Is a Vow

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Yoreh De’ah 257:5-258:2. Tzedakah: Allocation, Diversification, Jurisdiction, Duplication of Charity Is a Vow · SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day!

• 0:00
  OK. We are Helko Sedaka, Raish Nun
• 0:03
  Zain. Now today we're starting with
• 0:06
  we're continuous SIIF tet. But I'm just going to point out
• 0:10
  thanks to Gershon that SIIF hey. So he points out that the whole
• 0:16
  top the main issue of Siif Hey, is a cash flow, cash flow
• 0:22
  problem. There's a shortfall on how much
• 0:24
  money they need to give. So but they're you.
• 0:27
  So they're allowed or they should borrow money.
• 0:31
  If as we're assuming they're going to get more money in the
• 0:33
  future, the the money normally comes in, they're going to
• 0:36
  normally or be able to raise more money.
• 0:39
  Don't know. We don't overextend ourselves,
• 0:41
  but he is one of the the jobs of the, of the Gabe Tsudaka is to
• 0:49
  manage cash flow and deal with the little issues.
• 0:53
  The other thing that came out there from from there in the
• 0:56
  Rama regarding mice or ANI. So one way to help deal with
• 1:02
  giving mice or ANI, if you have produce in your own backyard,
• 1:06
  right? If you have a huge farm and
• 1:08
  there's huge amounts, we're not talking about that, but every
• 1:10
  time you're going to, you're going to start taking a few
• 1:13
  fruits from your tree in your home and you're going to have
• 1:16
  such small amounts. How do you deal with giving mice
• 1:19
  or ANI who's going to take it from you be embarrassing.
• 1:22
  How you going to find who you're going to who you're going to who
• 1:24
  you're going to walk over into and say here you're the honey
• 1:27
  who I'm giving to. So what's an easy way to
• 1:30
  practically take care of giving mice or honey?
• 1:33
  All right, for those who live in Israel or if you have produce in
• 1:38
  Israel, even if you don't live here.
• 1:40
  So anyway, So what do you do? So you can go to the Gabite
• 1:44
  Sedaka, You can go to a, a local Sedaka fund and you give them,
• 1:49
  let's just say 100 shekel, 200 shekel, whatever it is, you give
• 1:53
  it to him and he's telling him for right now I'm lending it to
• 1:56
  you. It's a loan.
• 1:58
  And then what you end up doing is every time you set a, you do
• 2:02
  your chumos and monsters at home and then you're going to end up
• 2:05
  with a little bit of Meister onion.
• 2:08
  It might be a slice of your lemon, it might be a whole
• 2:10
  lemon, whatever, however money you're doing at once.
• 2:13
  And so that portion, you're basically right.
• 2:16
  It's not easy to give out a slice of a lemon Who's going to
• 2:19
  come take it from you. So how do you accomplish Meister
• 2:21
  honey? You basically designate this
• 2:24
  little piece goes to Meister honey and then you quickly on
• 2:29
  your own, you don't need anyone. You just basically say that I'm
• 2:34
  exchanging them now, I'm taking this back for myself.
• 2:38
  And let's say it was a, a shekel worth of lemon or a shekel worth
• 2:43
  of what you have now. You just deduct it from what the
• 2:45
  Gabi Sidaka is. You could do this once a year,
• 2:48
  whatever it is. And then if there's left, you
• 2:51
  know, keep a small calculation. If you don't run out, depends
• 2:54
  how much produce you have growing in your yard.
• 2:57
  And and then at the end of the year, either you just you just
• 3:01
  keep on accounting. You don't have to give them
• 3:03
  every year. You can keep on the accounting.
• 3:05
  You're at the end of the year, you can just start from scratch.
• 3:07
  And whatever was leftover from that 100 chuckle you just say
• 3:10
  belongs to them and give it to them.
• 3:12
  As you know, that's a lack of money to them.
• 3:14
  Yeah. Meister Ani is every 3rd and 6th
• 3:17
  here, but we're gonna we're gonna learn into that later.
• 3:21
  There's a Meister Ani. There's no there's Meister
• 3:23
  Shaney. There's no Yeah, We're not
• 3:24
  getting into Truma sumasters. I'm just pointing out to you.
• 3:28
  OK. You can also give somebody
• 3:29
  without telling them. It's you can find an Ani.
• 3:31
  Don't tell them you're an Ani. Just get.
• 3:34
  I'm giving you a gift. Let's go on to Tet Insight,
• 3:37
  Lohite and Adamko Siddakotov, Lahani, Ekhard Bilvad.
• 3:43
  Don't give all your money. This is not a complete heel of
• 3:52
  halakha. It's more it's AI would say a
• 3:56
  very strong eight Satova, because I was telling you how to
• 4:00
  give siddaka. Don't give it all to one person.
• 4:03
  That's not the that's not the proper way to give sedaka.
• 4:08
  There's a Gemara that's if you're in the know, say Kalium,
• 4:10
  they point, they point out from Aerovine, a similar Gemara that
• 4:15
  says you should not give all your truma to one coin.
• 4:18
  It's important to diversify and everything.
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  It's important to share the wealth, share the sedaka so that
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  other people also benefit and not only your not only your best
• 4:29
  friend or your your favorite honey.
• 4:31
  That's not appropriate that Kumaris is there one who does
• 4:34
  who gives all their truma to one person brings famine to the land
• 4:39
  because it's it's not proper behavior.
• 4:42
  Similar the grub points out from Shabbos Kliff Kimmel Interesting
• 4:47
  that there's a there's a mitzvah of paya.
• 4:52
  So the halacha says when you're when you have your farm, the the
• 4:56
  you do the mitzvah of paya where you leave the end end of the
• 5:01
  field. You also it's also at the end of
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  the harvesting season. You don't designate a piece of
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  land for paya in the beginning or in the middle.
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  You wait till the very end. And why do you wait for the for
• 5:15
  the very end? One of the reasons is because
• 5:18
  it's important that everyone knows at the same time all the
• 5:21
  anime in the city that at the end of the harvest season, then
• 5:27
  that's when they can go collect. If all the if everyone's allowed
• 5:33
  to do paya designated for paya whenever they want to.
• 5:37
  Like in the middle of their season of let's say it's a 2
• 5:40
  month season or whatever it is a month, whatever it is in the
• 5:44
  middle of the month when everyone is still working the
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  land, you, you quietly designate a little piece of land and it's
• 5:51
  called that paya. And you tell your friend Ani or
• 5:54
  your relative come take from here when there's no
• 5:56
  competition. So that's, that's wrong because
• 5:59
  I'll say that's one of the reasons why the mitzvah says
• 6:02
  Lotte Khala, you have to do paya only at the very end because all
• 6:06
  there's giving, I don't want to say the whole thing, but can
• 6:10
  look it up and Shabbos Kaf gimel.
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  There's four reasons why paya is saved for the end.
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  And that's that's one of the one of the reasons.
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  Fine, you're I'm a colleague Sidaka Tarek Lizar Shalaya Billy
• 6:23
  Krova, your termi Shahar Binay Adam.
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  So this is a Gabi Sidaka and there's, I mean, you couldn't
• 6:31
  and cuz all they often had two, I mean, it could be we also have
• 6:34
  two or three or four. There's the collector, the
• 6:36
  fundraiser. There is the one who makes a
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  termination. Someone gives it out.
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  So the one who is giving it out, he should not give.
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  He's not giving private money. He's not giving his own Sedaka
• 6:50
  fund. He's taking the money he's in.
• 6:52
  He's in charge of the Sedaka fund for the Seaboard, right?
• 6:55
  Whatever the Koopa shell ear is or whatever your, your city
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  Sedaka fund is. So the one who's in charge of
• 7:02
  giving it out, he's not allowed. He's not.
• 7:05
  So he's not allowed to play favourites with his family.
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  He can't say, oh, I'm going to 1st make sure I'm going to
• 7:12
  deplete the whole fund. It's of course it's for the
• 7:14
  whole ani liir. It's my families are one of the
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  aniyahir. No, he has to treat his own
• 7:19
  family like everybody else. Toss quotes from the Gamar
• 7:24
  Rabiosi would say E kalki IM Gabay Sidaka below IM Mahalke
• 7:29
  Sidaka. So there.
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  He's just saying it's, it's, I'd much rather be on the
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  fundraising side than the giving outside because it's easy to
• 7:39
  fundraise. It's hard to go wrong.
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  But start deciding who you give to and start giving.
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  So then you might give to the wrong person or your family 1st
• 7:48
  and then one can violate that mistake.
• 7:52
  OK, let's go on. You're no hugga Hagav Adafka
• 8:01
  Gabai. So now we're talking, I kind of
• 8:03
  lose this. We're talking about the guy in
• 8:04
  charge for the city fund the the Sidaka of the city of all each
• 8:09
  individual mutali Tain sidaka Shiloh.
• 8:12
  He's allowed to give his own individual Sidaka that he has to
• 8:15
  set aside to give it to whatever he wants.
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  Obviously, we learnt this, there's a priority list, the
• 8:21
  hierarchy who should get first and there should be some level
• 8:24
  of diversification. But but overall, you can give to
• 8:31
  whoever you want. Oh Meister Shalola, Misha Yertza
• 8:36
  or to your all right or even you're a maister.
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  Also, you have you have a right to give to your family 1st and
• 8:44
  fast. You have to give to your family
• 8:45
  first, but you can make it like way overboard.
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  You can give much more to your family, the Misha Yertza Mikrova
• 8:53
  hem Kodemin and right, you can give you should play favorites
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  and obviously when it comes to your relatives, you you're
• 9:00
  supposed to play favorites. So I'm sucking with chubas.
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  He points out this is not I mean, it's I think it's obvious
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  this halach of not giving you know all to one person.
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  That means like ubiquitous in general.
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  Don't every time you have mice or money, give it to one guy.
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  Obviously if you have a dollar in your pocket and then honey
• 9:23
  comes up to you, you can give him the whole dollar.
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  You don't have to RIP it in half or get or get changed from
• 9:28
  someone. That's obviously not what we're
• 9:30
  talking about anyways. And then he points out also like
• 9:32
  for a parent, well, if they need money to live off of, so they,
• 9:36
  they get everything kind of what emotion was saying.
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  Sometimes you would give all your money to 1 relative
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  depending how much you have, how much they need.
• 9:45
  They take a priority. But it's the concept.
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  In general you don't designate one person to always get all
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  your tsidaka money. There's a has to be a balance
• 9:55
  between hierarchy, you know priorities and diversification.
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  You'd olive amaniac Maud leharviac le Talmatara person
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  has money set aside to to make business out of it.
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  There's a principle set aside of cash in order to make money out
• 10:16
  of it and to use it for business.
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  And then from the profit you're going to keep on distributing
• 10:23
  for Talmatara purposes, for Lima, for learning Tara and then
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  and you're just going to keep on reusing that principle to keep
• 10:32
  making more and more Mamaneh ishto alea matei tarava le MI
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  shtakwots now from the prophet GOP appoints the his his wife.
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  He tells his wife, listen from all the profits that we make you
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  decide and and divvy it out to those who need OK, whatever the
• 10:54
  you know, good. That's the case of Tom Natara,
• 10:57
  whatever the case might be, whichever the fund, whatever it
• 10:59
  applies to. And obviously one has to be
• 11:01
  super careful when doing this. There are obviously have some
• 11:06
  been some stories where a Rav or a Gabbai would take money from
• 11:12
  the Tibor, raise money in order to invest the money to make more
• 11:17
  money for the Shoal or for the for for for anime, whatever it
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  is. And then sometimes everyone's
• 11:24
  money that they gave towards the the cause just disappears.
• 11:28
  So that's unfortunately it's happened.
• 11:31
  So one has to be extremely careful anyway.
• 11:34
  So it's and should not be doing this on his own should should be
• 11:38
  open. OK, so what's the halacha?
• 11:41
  So she can't give it to whoever she can't take this money that's
• 11:49
  designate her husband designated her or it's really it applies to
• 11:54
  any Shalia when any person is appointed by a appointed as a
• 11:59
  Shalia for somebody to have a job.
• 12:03
  So then that person can't now take that money or that job and
• 12:10
  pass it on to someone else to do it.
• 12:14
  Here I'll read just the phrase from the shock de Nurtzanoshiev
• 12:17
  Pikdono El abiad ishto dafka, right?
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  We're all familiar with the phrase.
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  Sometimes a person doesn't want his money being handled by
• 12:24
  someone else, only himself or the one that he appointed.
• 12:27
  And many times that's for a good, very good reason.
• 12:30
  So that Shalia or the wife can't decide to take that revach and
• 12:36
  give it to someone else, Karen as well, whatever it is and to
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  do as they please. I feel Kiribi Kanina
• 12:43
  Benturadion, even if he is such a Sadiq and he's very pious
• 12:49
  individual with money as well. Even if he we know we still she
• 12:54
  doesn't have the right unless the husband told her that she
• 12:58
  has the right to give it out to to anyone or certain types of
• 13:02
  people. In short, the story where we
• 13:05
  could have been charging is he got he had money.
• 13:08
  This is you can look it up in about Azara Yudzaynam, the bays.
• 13:12
  He had Sedaka money, some that was designated for regular
• 13:16
  Sedaka and some that was designated Dafka for Purim and
• 13:23
  whatever the case was basically he made, he gave out money for
• 13:30
  one of the causes but those but the funds got mixed up.
• 13:35
  He wasn't sure how much money is was supposed to go for this
• 13:39
  Tsidaka fund and how much was supposed to go to Alka for
• 13:41
  pouring. And he got it mixed up and he
• 13:45
  gave it out and he didn't know how much was each one.
• 13:48
  So he took from his own pocket and was marshalling whichever 1
• 13:53
  he gave to that already got the money.
• 13:55
  But the other Todeco fund was out without that amount and he
• 13:58
  didn't know how much. So whatever it may have been, he
• 14:01
  paid from his own pocket to to for the money for the funds that
• 14:09
  were lacking anyways, which of all IM Hamid Nadev, Nina Alehem
• 14:16
  Khaveer. If he didn't give it to his
• 14:18
  wife, he gave it to a big Talmud Khakham who's appointed over the
• 14:22
  city. So then Yahoo Akhavir Akhavir
• 14:27
  will have Qidam Biyad Ishto. So then he's allowed the Khaveir
• 14:31
  is allowed to give it to his wife and that's not a problem.
• 14:36
  Now there is a how do we put it? There's a discussion in the post
• 14:42
  game how to understand exactly what's going on over here.
• 14:45
  The taz, the Shach, they argue the Shachan more or less agrees
• 14:48
  with the Shach. But basically it all depends on
• 14:51
  the Kevana. It's more of AI believe it's
• 14:54
  mainly a Maclocas in what's the Kevana?
• 14:57
  What's the exact story that the Shachana is quoting from?
• 15:00
  But whatever. When a person gives over money
• 15:03
  to someone, there's an understanding.
• 15:06
  And again, depending what the understanding is, if the
• 15:09
  understanding is you can give it to someone else, then you can.
• 15:12
  If the understanding is you can't give it to someone else,
• 15:14
  you can't. And normally if you don't
• 15:18
  specify, or at least this is the way the the Ashokan follows, if
• 15:24
  you don't specify who you're going to give the money to, so
• 15:29
  you don't specify the target. If you're allowed to appoint
• 15:32
  somebody else, so then you're not allowed to except for a
• 15:38
  Talmud hakam, because this is, this is the the task says no,
• 15:42
  but the Shah Khashoghan say no. No, for a Talmud hakam, the
• 15:45
  stamdas is you give it to him to do as he pleases, not your wife,
• 15:51
  not anybody else. They can only keep it themselves
• 15:54
  unless they get your permission. But if you give it to a Talmud
• 15:57
  Hakam, the assumption is then you're allowing him to give it
• 16:02
  to anybody else to take over. Also, anytime you give it to
• 16:05
  somebody, again, in general, it's that person's allowed to
• 16:10
  give it to his wife and kids. Again, that's also might be a
• 16:13
  mahogas, but that's how he holds.
• 16:15
  That's to be in charge of it. Yeah, to take over the to be in
• 16:20
  charge. OK.
• 16:21
  Anyway, so that's really depends on what the DOS says.
• 16:24
  It's the the real governing factor.
• 16:27
  Just what is it? That's the question.
• 16:29
  Simon Rachel Uncut Dean Hamat Pisitaka So here a person is
• 16:33
  going to we had this before by Helkos Sidaka when you're making
• 16:37
  A and you're making an another. Actually, we had this by
• 16:39
  Nadarms. I meant to say that a person can
• 16:42
  just copycat Kilu a another so too when it comes to Sidaka.
• 16:48
  So what do we see? What is how does that come out?
• 16:49
  Olive Hamat Pisitaka, a person is going to now do duplicate his
• 16:56
  sedaka he had here. Let's read it inside.
• 17:01
  I raised the kemat pis kinet beneder.
• 17:04
  It has the same halacha if you're a matpis pistaka, it's
• 17:07
  the same halacha as being matpis beneder.
• 17:09
  There's if a person says I'm going to give sedaka, so then he
• 17:14
  is now obligated and it's has a den of aneder kaitzad.
• 17:18
  What am I trying to say? Haya salish al sedaka munak
• 17:21
  lafana. He has a coin in front of him, a
• 17:25
  dollar coin, whatever it is, and he has it in front of them, the
• 17:29
  Almar al Achar. And then he points.
• 17:32
  Now, this first coin has already been designated for Sedaka.
• 17:36
  OK, It is Sedaka. It's designated for Sedaka,
• 17:39
  whatever it is, either way. And right, you know that.
• 17:43
  And then knowing that you, you find another coin or a dollar or
• 17:47
  whatever it is, another shackle bill, whatever it is.
• 17:51
  And you say Hareze Kaze, this, this free 1.
• 17:56
  You write the one that's not been Sedaka yet.
• 17:58
  You say this one is going to be like that one and that one is
• 18:02
  Sedaka all right? Or neither for sedaka.
• 18:06
  So then I raised sedaka. So now the second one also has
• 18:09
  the exact same malaka of now being designated for Sedaka.
• 18:15
  Aga Ayo moradam salazela hekdesh alalisdaka.
• 18:19
  When any time a person wants to give money to sedaka, he should
• 18:23
  never use the words hectish. Hectish is for the base on
• 18:27
  Migdash. So and here you're, you're
• 18:29
  giving it to the sedaka fund. Whatever it's for, usually it's
• 18:33
  for anem. Let's keep reading Miko maqam
• 18:35
  imamar la hechteshtam caberneto let's sedaka anem.
• 18:40
  You know if a person says Stam. So even if a person does say
• 18:46
  hectish, he shouldn't have, but it counts as sedaka.
• 18:51
  What is Stam? Sedaka writes It means it goes
• 18:55
  only for the for the poor people.
• 18:58
  I'm not sure. Maybe anyways, it could be
• 19:01
  nowadays when a person says Sidaka, it's there's no
• 19:05
  different. It could either be for it could
• 19:07
  be for anything. I'm not sure if there's if that
• 19:10
  applies that it's Dafka for an EM nowadays.
• 19:13
  I don't know meal right, because it goes by Lush on Binet Adam
• 19:17
  meal EM Ammar Shikavanato, the hectish mamish.
• 19:21
  But if he tells you no, no, no, I meant the base of Migdash.
• 19:24
  I'm getting ready, I'm going to I'm moving to Ushalaim and I'm
• 19:29
  I'm bringing hectic. This way they have cash flow
• 19:31
  when they're ready. So then Ayn lo Takana Lehenod
• 19:36
  Mimena 1 is the Rama writes, there's no Takana.
• 19:40
  You're not allowed to benefit from it.
• 19:41
  Because right when a person says Amira, when a person says he's
• 19:45
  giving to hectic, it's Kamisira Toledo that becomes belongs to
• 19:50
  hectic and you can't redeem it. But sorry, and one must, but
• 20:03
  that's if you say Sidaka Stam and it becomes that's my other
• 20:14
  Sidaka. No, OK.
• 20:20
  The hacktish mamish Sprite and you want to undo it.
• 20:24
  So the only way to undo it is by doing kharata on.
• 20:29
  I'll just point out the shock. He says inlo takana to redeem it
• 20:34
  and it becomes a serve for everybody.
• 20:36
  If it's Kharka, there is pidion. If a person did designate land
• 20:40
  as hacktish, the realm says even by metaltoline, the shock points
• 20:44
  out that there is you can do pidion.
• 20:46
  It's relevant if you give an item, if you're say this item is
• 20:50
  hectic and you want to be able to use it or give it to poor
• 20:54
  people so you need to redeem it into cash.
• 20:59
  Oh, Truma, you're saying so true when people say true, but I mean
• 21:04
  that means Saraka did not in the case of you say something is
• 21:07
  hectic Mamish, so you could undo it by going to the the Baisden
• 21:11
  rub and you do Karata and a pet with, you know, like any Ned
• 21:17
  there. It's easy to come up with a
• 21:18
  Karata because you didn't realize by saying that this item
• 21:22
  is haggis, usually the case is is really referring to an item.
• 21:26
  Now nobody in the world can use this item.
• 21:28
  I wanted to designate a chair and no one can even use this
• 21:31
  chair until it's built. OK, let's let's go on.
• 21:34
  I have to look at that point, but ammafrish sale of Amar
• 21:37
  harezed Sedaka V Almar al Akhar person set asides money V Almar
• 21:42
  harezed Sedaka and he says this money is for Sedaka the Amar al
• 21:47
  Akhar. And then he says on another coin
• 21:50
  Vizette use the word vizette on the second item, similar to the
• 21:55
  first case we had and you all you did was said this is vizette
• 21:58
  and this one Gama she needs Sedaka.
• 22:00
  The second coin also has a din of it's now it's another for
• 22:05
  Sedaka. We're going to see later on.
• 22:08
  Wait till Vav. We'll have to get there the next
• 22:09
  day. When it becomes from yours to
• 22:13
  where it's not yours anymore. When do you lose the rights of
• 22:16
  making another to do kharata to undo it?
• 22:19
  When do you say it's it's not yours anymore?
• 22:20
  You can't. You don't have the right to do
• 22:21
  that anymore. Hagad the imrats a little more
• 22:24
  Ansela Z the hotsy befiv al acher.
• 22:28
  Let's say you had you had one coin.
• 22:30
  But that's our case. You started out with one coin in
• 22:32
  Sedaka. Then you have the second coin.
• 22:35
  You want to make it also Sedaka like the first, but you by
• 22:38
  accident pointed to a third coin that wasn't your kavana to make
• 22:43
  that third coin Sedaka. And so you said verbally on this
• 22:49
  third coin that was not intended.
• 22:51
  So then so then both coins are not Sedaka because you didn't,
• 22:58
  you didn't. The first one started out was
• 23:00
  right. That was done.
• 23:01
  The second one, you didn't do it on the third one, you said it on
• 23:05
  it, but that was a mistake. So therefore the second and the
• 23:07
  third are still not Sedaka yet. You can do with what whatever
• 23:11
  you want as you please. The shock just points out, we're
• 23:13
  going to see later on that we're not talking about a case.
• 23:16
  If you have Gomirez Das to give something to Rama writes as
• 23:20
  Sedaka, then that item is belongs for its Sedaka.
• 23:24
  Even if you don't do it yet, you're not supposed to go back.
• 23:28
  When you make a decision in your mind to get Sedaka, you're not
• 23:30
  supposed to go back. But this case must be where you
• 23:33
  didn't have 100% decision making until you verbalized it, and
• 23:38
  here you verbalize it incorrectly so you never had
• 23:40
  that decision.