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The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake: How a City Rose From Ashes
On the morning of November 1, 1755, a Tuesday that coincided with All Saints' Day, Lisbon was struck by one of the most destructive earthquakes in recorded history. The tremor, estimated at magnitude 8.5 to 9.0, leveled much of the city, triggered massive tsunamis, and ignited fires that burned for days. This episode explores the immediate aftermath and the political earthquake that followed as Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, later known as the Marquis of Pombal, took charge of the relief effort. We examine how Pombal used this catastrophe to consolidate power, modernize…
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