Latest / Voices Of Life / Did You Know? - October 26–27: Gunfighters, Peacemakers, Faith & the Brink of Nuclear War

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Did You Know? - October 26–27: Gunfighters, Peacemakers, Faith & the Brink of Nuclear War · Voices Of Life

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There are stories we remember, and there are
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stories we forget. There are moments that changed
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a nation, changed a church, changed a generation.
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And sometimes, the most fascinating stories are
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the ones we never learned. To Voices of Life.
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Did you know, Ceres? A journey through history,
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where remarkable people, extraordinary events,
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faith, freedom, courage, sacrifice. From the
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pages of American history, to the story of the
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church. From famous names to people whose names
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have nearly been forgotten. Every episode asks
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a simple question. Hello everyone, I'm Pastor
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David. And welcome once again to Voices of Life
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Podcast, a ministry of the Church for Life. And
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welcome to another edition of Did You Know? Today,
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we're opening the pages of history and traveling
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through two remarkable dates, October 26th and
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October 27th. And what a journey these two days
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give us. We are going to travel... to dusty streets
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of tombstone Arizona territory, where one of
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the most famous confrontations of American West
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lasted only moments, but became a legend. We
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will enter a tense diplomatic world of Vietnam,
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the war that seemed to continue forever and ever,
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when Americans heard the hopeful words that peace
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was at hand, even though the war was far from
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over. We will travel back more than a thousand
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years to the Anglo -Saxon England, And remember
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a king who believed that protecting a civilization
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required not only soldiers and fortifications,
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but education, law, and Christian learning. Then
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on October 27th, we will go underground beneath
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New York City as the city's first subway welcomes
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its passengers. From there, we'll enter one of
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the most dangerous moments in modern history,
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the day during the Cuban Missile Crisis that
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became known as Black Saturday. And finally,
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we will look at the remarkable connection between
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Christianity and the beginnings of American higher
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education. These stories may seem completely
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unrelated. A Western gunfight, a peace negotiation,
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a medieval Christian king, a subway, a nuclear
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confrontation, and the founding of colleges.
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But look deeper, and something begins to connect
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them. Each story asks us to think about leadership.
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Each asks us to think about institutions. Each
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asks us to consider the consequences of decisions.
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And each reminds us what people decide today
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can have an effect generations tomorrow. So settle
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in, take a moment, and let's step back into history
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together because you might know the famous names,
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you might recognize the famous events, but did
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you know the story behind them? We start with
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October 26, 1881. Tombstone, Arizona Territory.
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Arizona was not yet a state. And perhaps no event
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represents the mythology of America's Old West
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more powerfully than the gunfight at O .K. Corral.
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Mention the name and images immediately come
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to mind. Cowboys, lawmen, revolvers, dusty streets,
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and two groups of armed men walking toward a
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confrontation. But the actual story was considerably
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more complicated. than the story Hollywood eventually
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gave us. Tombstone had developed rapidly following
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the discovery of silver in southeastern Arizona
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territory in 1877. Prospectors arrived, businessmen
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arrived, gamblers arrived, ranchers arrived,
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and people searching for opportunity arrived.
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Money was being made. A community was emerging.
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But along the prosperity came disagreements over
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property, politics, law enforcement, weapons,
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and power. At the center of the conflict were
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two groups. On one side was the Earp brothers,
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Virgil Earp, Morgan Earp, and perhaps the most
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famous of all, Wyatt Earp. Virgil served as a
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Tombstones town marshal and was also a deputy
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United States marshal. Wyatt had previously served
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in law enforcement and was also involved in local
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gambling and business interests. Alongside the
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Earps was Doc Holliday, a dentist by training
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who became known as a gambler and gunfighter.
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On the other side was a loose association known
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as the Cowboys, including Ike Clanton, Billy
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Clanton, Tom McLaurie, and Frank McLaurie. Tensions
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between these men and the Earps intensified amid
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accusations of theft, threats, and disputes concerning
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firearms within Tombstone. Then came October
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26. Virgil Earp attempted to enforce Tombstone's
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firearm ordinance, which restricted carrying
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weapons within the town -city limits without
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depositing them in the designated location. The
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confrontation came near Fremont and 3rd Streets,
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close to the O .K. Corral. And then, gunfire.
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The famous confrontation lasted about 30 seconds,
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although accounts differ regarding the exact
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duration and the sequence of shots. But Billy
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Clanton was killed. Frank McLaurie was killed.
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Tom McLaurie was killed. Virgil Earp was wounded.
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Morgan Earp was wounded. Doc Holliday was wounded.
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Wyatt Earp escaped serious injury. And here is
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your Did You Know. The famous gunfight at O .K.
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Corral did not actually take place inside the
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corral's animal enclosure. It occurred on a nearby
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vacant lot. Yet the name became... inseparable
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from the event. The shooting also did not end
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the feud. Virgil Earp was seriously wounded in
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an ambush in December of 1881. Then in March
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in 1882, Morgan Earp was murdered while playing
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billiards. Wyatt Earp subsequently became involved
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in retaliatory killings, remembered as the Earp
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Vendetta Ride. Over the generations, Newspapers,
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biographies, dime novels, movies, and television
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transformed these events into the American mythology
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that we know today. Movies such as the 1957 gunfight
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at Old Cape Corral and the 1993 film Tombstone
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helped preserve the story for later audiences.
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But history asks us to move beyond mythology
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because sometimes the characters of history do
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not fit neatly into the categories of hero and
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villain. Law, personal rivalry, politics, business
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interests, and revenge become intertwined. And
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that is one reason why the story of Tombstone
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remains so fascinating. It reminds us that history
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is often much more complicated than just the
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legend. And now we move forward almost a century.
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From gunfire on the American frontier to negotiations
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attempting to end a modern war. It is October
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26, 1972. The Vietnam War had already divided
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America and consumed years of lives, resources,
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political capital, and public confidence. By
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autumn of 1972, however, there appeared to be
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movement toward negotiated settlement. President
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Richard Nixon had entered office in January of
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1969 and pursued a policy known as Vietnamization,
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transferring greater responsibility for combat
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operations to South Vietnamese forces. while
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American troops started to withdraw. At the same
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time, negotiations continued. National Security
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Advisor Henry Kissinger conducted secret negotiations
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with North Vietnamese negotiator Le Duc Vau.
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And then, on October 26, 1972, Kissinger made
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an announcement that captured the attention of
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the world. He said, Peace is at hand. Imagine
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hearing those words after years of war. I think
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we can kind of relate to that with Afghanistan
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in the modern term. Peace is at hand. Families
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who had loved ones serving overseas could hear
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hope in these words. A divided country could
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hear hope. But there was a problem. The negotiations
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weren't finished. Major disagreements remained,
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particularly involving the political future of
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South Vietnam and North Vietnamese forces remaining
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in the South. South Vietnamese President Nguyen
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Van Thul, objected to provisions he believed
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placed his government at risk. So the negotiations
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stalled. And in December, President Nixon ordered
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a major bombing campaign against targets in North
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Vietnam known as Operation Linebacker 2. The
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campaign ran from December 18th through December
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29th, 1972. It became known as the Christmas
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Bombings. Negotiations later resumed. And finally,
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On January 27, 1973, the United States, North
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Vietnam, South Vietnam, and the Provisional Revolutionary
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Government of the Republic of South Vietnam signed
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the Paris Peace Accords. Paris is always a location
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that seems for treaties, as we can kind of go
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back into the 1700s for that as well. But the
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agreement established a ceasefire and provided
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for withdrawal of remaining American forces.
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But this is where another important historical
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distinction must be made. The agreement did not
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create permanent peace in Vietnam. Fighting continued.
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On April 30, 1975, North Vietnamese forces captured
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Saigon and South Vietnam, subsequently ceased
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to exist as an independent state. So, what does
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October 26, 1972 teach us? Perhaps something
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profoundly important. There is a difference between
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progress toward peace and peace itself. There's
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a difference between signing an agreement and
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resolving the underlying conflict. And there
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is sometimes a tremendous distance between a
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helpful announcement and history's final outcome.
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And we can relate that today to Afghanistan.
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Look at the withdrawal of Afghanistan on how
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poorly it was done. So many people got hurt,
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killed, and so much equipment. Billions and billions
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of dollars of military equipment was left behind.
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That's not, to me, a sensible withdrawal. But
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as we said here, history's final outcome does
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not necessarily go with what we want to happen.
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So let's move much further back. Not decades,
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not centuries, more than a thousand years. We're
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going to go back to 899 and Alfred the Great.
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October 26 is widely accepted as the date on
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which Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, died
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in the year 899. Alfred occupies a remarkable
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place in early English history. Because his legacy
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extends beyond winning battles, his world was
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under tremendous pressure. During the 9th century,
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Viking forces raided and settled throughout parts
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of the British Isles. Some Anglo -Saxon territories
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fell under Scandinavian control. Alfred became
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king of Wessex in 871, succeeding his brother
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Aethelred I. Then came a major turning point.
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In 878, Alfred defeated a Viking army led by
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Guthrum at the Battle of Eddington. The settlement
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that followed helped protect Wessex from immediate
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conquest. Alfred strengthened defenses by developing
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fortified settlements known as burrs, approving
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military organization and creating a more capable
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naval force. But here's where Alfred's story
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becomes especially important for our Christian
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history. Alfred believed that defending a society
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required more than military strength. He believed
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in learning. He believed in education. And he
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believed Christian instruction was essential
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to responsible government and the moral health
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of society. The ability to read Latin, had declined
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among members of the clergy and political elite
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while monasteries and other centers of learning
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had suffered during the invasions alfred wanted
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to reverse that decline his educational efforts
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were associated with the making significant religious
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and philosophical writings available in old english
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among the works connected with the efforts were
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pope gregory and the great pastoral care both
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thesis Consolation of Philosophy, and Augustine's
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Soliloquies. Historians continue to discuss how
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personally involved Alfred was in every translation,
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but his patronage of education and translation
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is well established. Alfred also drew upon biblical
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and Christian traditions when thinking about
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justice, authority, and the ruler's responsibility.
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His legal compilation brought together early
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Anglo -Saxon law that material reflecting Christian
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moral principles. His legal compilation brought
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together early Anglo -Saxon law and material
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reflecting Christian moral principles. And there
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is a lesson there. A civilization cannot survive
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by defending only its borders. It must also preserve
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its knowledge, its moral principles, its institutions,
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its ability to teach the next generation. Alfred
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understood that military victories might protect
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a kingdom today, but education will preserve
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a civilization for tomorrow. That is something
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worth remembering. As we turn to the next day
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in the calendar of October 27, our first stop
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takes us beneath the streets of one of America's
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greatest cities. 1904. New York City goes underground.
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On October 27, 1904, New York City opened its
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first underground rapid transit subway to the
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public. Today, subway transportation seems inseparable
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from New York. But imagine Manhattan before that
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system existed. During the 19th century, population
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growth fueled by immigration, commerce, industrialization
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placed enormous demands upon transportation.
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There were ferries, streetcars, elevated railroads,
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But the city needed additional capacity. So New
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York looked downward. Construction began in 1900.
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The original system was operated by the Interboro
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Rapid Transit Company. And then opening day finally
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arrived. Mayor George B. McClellan Jr. participated
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in the inaugural ceremony. At approximately 2
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.30 in the afternoon, the ceremonial train departed
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City Hall Station. and the mayor himself took
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the controls of part of the journey. The original
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line extended approximately 9 .1 miles, connecting
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City Hall with 145th Street and Broadway. It
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had 28 stations. And at 7 p .m., the system opened
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to the general public. More than 100 ,000 passengers
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rode it on opening day. What was the fare back
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then? Five cents. Think about what transportation
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actually does to a city. It doesn't simply move
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people. Transportation changes where people can
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live, where they can work, where businesses can
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operate, where neighborhoods can develop, and
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how metropolitan areas grow. The subway helped
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New York expand beyond its limits imposed by
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slower forms of transportation. over the following
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decades the network expanded and in 1940 the
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city purchased the interboro rapid transit company
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we call it up there irt and the brooklyn manhattan
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transit system we call that the bmt bringing
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the principal privately operated networks under
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municipal ownership now here i'm going to pause
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for just a second private enterprise is wonderful
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especially when it's profitable and here you
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had government wanting to take control of it
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not that i say there's anything wrong with public
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transportation we need public transportation
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but if the systems were doing well They probably
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should have left it alone and let the systems
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continue. Because their pricing was very fair.
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I remember taking the subways in the 70s. And
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it was, of course, by that time, there was the
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transit authority. And I want to say a token
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back then was 50 cents. But yeah, they used to
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have tokens. They didn't have cards. And it might
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have been a little less for children. Might have
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been less for seniors. I don't recall that so
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much. But I remember there were tokens. And that's
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how we got on the subway. But private enterprise
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can do so much when left alone. So I just want
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to bring that point up. But as it is, it's all
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with BMT, the IRT, and there's several others
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that they ended up buying up. They made it all
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now government -owned. So here is today's transportation,
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did you know? One of the greatest lessons of
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infrastructure is that sometimes the most transformative
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projects aren't simply responses to growth. They
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make future growth possible. And one last comment
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about the New York subway system, where it started,
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where the mayor was there at City Hall Station.
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The station still exists today, but it's not
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a stop. It was closed decades ago because they
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couldn't envision how long the trains were going
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to be as the population grew. And I think when
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I used to ride it, there were either six or eight
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cars. Sometimes I think there's 10 cars or more.
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That station does not service anybody today,
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but I know there's ways to get tours of it. If
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you want to take a look at it, it's beautiful.
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I've seen the inside of it. It's gorgeous. But
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something just to think about if you travel to
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New York City. But now our story changes dramatically
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because on October 27th is also associated with
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one of the most frightening days in humanity
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experienced during the Cold War. 1962, Black
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Saturday, October 27th, 1962. The Cuban Missile
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Crisis. The United States and the Soviet Union
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had moved dangerously close to a military confrontation
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on that day. It could have escalated to nuclear
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war. President John F. Kennedy was in the White
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House. Nikita Khrushchev led the Soviet Union.
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And the Soviet nuclear missile installations
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were being constructed in Cuba, approximately
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90 miles from Florida. President Kennedy had
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announced a naval quarantine on October 22nd
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and demanded the removal of the offensive weapons.
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For several tense days, Washington and Moscow
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exchanged communications while military forces
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remained at heightened alert. Then came Saturday,
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October 27. Several dangerous developments occurred.
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First, an American U -2 reconnaissance aircraft
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was shot down over Cuba. The pilot, Major Randolph
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Anderson Jr., was killed. His death created pressure
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within the Kennedy administration for military
19:59
retaliation. But retaliation carried extraordinary
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risk. An American attack could provoke a Soviet
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response. And that response could provoke another
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response until escalation crossed the line from
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which neither side could easily return. Then
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something else happened. Another American U -2
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aircraft on the atmospheric sampling mission
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near the North Pole became lost and entered Soviet
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airspace. Soviet fighters were sent toward it.
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American military aircraft were positioned to
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respond. And incredibly, during the most dangerous
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nuclear crisis the world had experienced, an
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accidental navigation error created yet another
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opportunity for military escalation. Meanwhile,
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President Kennedy faced pressure for military
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action against the missile sites. He resisted
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immediate retaliation. Diplomatic efforts continued.
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And on October 28, Khrushchev publicly announced
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that the Soviet Union would dismantle and remove
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the missiles. The United States pledged not to
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invade Cuba. See, a lot of people ask, why do
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we not invade Cuba? Well, there's this written
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agreement that goes back even further, but here
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was a pledge to the Soviet Union, which now no
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longer exists, that we would not invade Cuba.
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Because you had the year before, the Bay of Pigs,
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where you had Cuban exiles go in ships and they
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hit the bay there. And unfortunately, President
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Kennedy at the last minute decided to stop military
21:41
support. And he left these Cuban exiles on their
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own. Now, a lot of people criticize that. I don't
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understand why he did. I'm sure he had his reasons.
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If the Cuban exiles did have our military support,
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it's very possible that the Castro regime would
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have been smashed right there and then two years
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after they did their revolution. I guess we'll
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never know, but it's something to think about.
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And it was curious. And this was curious because
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Kennedy had served in the Navy during World War
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II. He was the skipper of the 109 that was lost.
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a big Japanese ship had hit it. So it wasn't
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that he was afraid to fight, but I guess maybe
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his president, he was trying to look for more
22:31
of a diplomatic solution to everything. Either
22:34
way, a separate confidential understanding provided
22:37
for the eventual withdrawal of American Jupiter
22:40
missiles from Turkey. That was our trade -off.
22:43
And I guess that's why the Soviet Union picked
22:46
Cuba to build missile silos, because they felt
22:48
under pressure because we had those rockets.
22:51
or missiles in Turkey. But the immediate crisis
22:53
ended without nuclear war. Think about it. That
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moment. Strength mattered. Military readiness
23:00
mattered. National security mattered. But so
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did restraint, diplomacy, communication, judgment,
23:07
and the ability of leaders to think beyond immediate
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moment. Major Anderson's death also reminds us
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that this was not merely a geopolitical chess
23:16
match between presidents. Real people were in
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aircraft. Real people were aboard ships. Real
23:23
people were operating weapons. And real families
23:27
could have paid the price for decisions made
23:29
during those extraordinary hours. Sometimes leadership
23:33
requires action. Sometimes leadership requires
23:37
restraint. Wisdom is the understanding of the
23:40
difference between the two. We'll move on to
23:43
Christian history. Our final story takes us...
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away from battlefields, missiles, and political
23:50
negotiations. And on to the classroom. The history
23:54
of the American higher education system has significant
23:58
connections to Christianity. Two important examples
24:01
are Harvard College and Yale College, known today,
24:04
of course, as Harvard University and Yale University.
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Harvard was established in Massachusetts in 1636.
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It was named after John Harvard, a minister who
24:15
left his library and substantial portion of his
24:19
estate to the institution after his death in
24:21
1638. One of Harvard's early purposes was educating
24:25
ministers for the Puritan communities of New
24:28
England. I think we think about that, and when
24:31
we think of Harvard, what do we think of today?
24:32
Mostly law, law degrees and lawyers. It's kind
24:35
of funny that way. Yale, on the other hand, was
24:38
founded in Connecticut in 1701. Its establishment
24:42
also reflected concerns among colonial religious
24:45
leaders about educating ministers and preserving
24:48
their theological traditions. In 1718, a significant
24:52
donation came from LU Yale, whose name became
24:56
associated with the college. Its early admission
24:59
emphasized classical learning, theology, and
25:03
preparation for religious and civic leadership.
25:06
Now an important historical distinction must
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be made. This does not mean every American school
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was founded by a church. And it certainly does
25:15
not mean modern American education has a single
25:18
religious identity. But it does have its roots
25:21
from our Judeo -Christian values. So American
25:26
higher education became increasingly diverse
25:28
as time went on. You had Protestants and Evangelists
25:32
and different people coming into the country.
25:36
But Christianity formed an important part of
25:39
the historical environment in which many early
25:43
institutions were established. And this history
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raises a question worth considering today. Especially
25:49
with all the ideology that is taught by the professors
25:53
today and the school's administrations allow
25:57
it to go on. What is education ultimately for?
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Is education simply preparation for employment?
26:06
Is it simply acquiring information? Is it the
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teaching of ideologies? Or does education also
26:12
have something to do with forming character,
26:15
developing judgment, preparing people for citizenship,
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encouraging service, and teaching individuals
26:23
to think carefully about their responsibilities
26:25
to others? For many early educators, faith and
26:29
learning were not automatically considered enemies.
26:32
Intellectual Inquiry could be understood as compatible
26:36
with pursuit of religious truth. And perhaps
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that gives us an important reflection for today.
26:42
Knowledge gives us ability, but wisdom helps
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us decide what to do with that ability. That
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goes back to your discernment. For our final
26:52
reflection, what October 26th and 27th can teach
26:55
us, let's bring it all together. We have encountered
26:58
people and events separated by centuries. The
27:01
OK Corral reminds us, of how complicated law
27:04
and authority can become when personal conflicts
27:07
and public responsibilities intersect. The Vietnam
27:09
negotiations remind us that declaring progress
27:12
toward peace does not necessarily create lasting
27:15
peace or even stop a war. Alfred the Great reminds
27:20
us that a society protecting itself not only
27:22
through military strength but through education,
27:24
institutions, law, and the preservation of knowledge.
27:28
The New York subway reminds us that building
27:30
infrastructure today can create possibilities
27:33
that generations tomorrow will inherit. The Cuban
27:37
missile crisis reminds us that strength without
27:41
judgment can become dangerous and that restraint
27:44
can sometimes prevent catastrophe. And the Christian
27:48
roots of institutions such as Harvard and Yale
27:50
remind us that faith, education, moral formation,
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and intellectual inquiry have intersected at
27:58
important moments in American history. Different
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stories, different centuries, different people.
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But a common idea. Decisions have consequences.
28:08
Leadership has consequences. Institutions have
28:12
consequences. And education has consequences.
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Sometimes the lack thereof. And sometimes a decision
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made in a conference room, a government office,
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a classroom, or even a dusty frontier street
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can echo through history and perhaps history
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asks something of us as well not simply that
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we memorize what happened but that we ask why
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did it happen what can we learn from it and what
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will we do differently because we understand
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that it's so important to understand true history
28:47
not made up history not rewritten history the
28:52
real history That's why erasing history is dangerous.
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Scripture repeatedly calls us toward wisdom,
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toward discernment, toward understanding. And
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history continually demonstrates why those qualities
29:06
matter. Because knowledge tells us what happened,
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but wisdom challenges us to learn from what happened.
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The past cannot be changed. No matter how many
29:16
times you want to rewrite it, put something else
29:19
in it, make a different outcome. You want to
29:22
highlight different people. It doesn't work that
29:25
way. Not the truth. The past is the way it went.
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What we can affect change to is the future. So
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just remember, as we cannot change the past,
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lessons we carry from the past can influence
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decisions we're making right now. And the decisions
29:41
we make today may influence people we will never
29:44
meet. I'm Pastor David. And thank you for joining
29:48
me for this October 26th and October 27th edition
29:51
of Did You Know? here on Voices of Life podcast,
29:55
a ministry of the Church for Life. I hope today's
29:58
journey has given you something more than a collection
30:01
of dates and names. I hope it has given you something
30:04
to think about, something to reflect upon, and
30:08
perhaps something to share with someone else.
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Because history isn't simply about... where humanity
30:15
has been. History can help us think more carefully
30:19
about where we are going. Until next time, continue
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seeking knowledge, continue seeking wisdom, and
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continue walking in faith. And continue remembering
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that every day has a story. Sometimes you just
30:33
have to stop long enough to discover it. I'm
30:36
Pastor David, this is Voices of Life, and now
30:39
you know. God bless you, and thank you for listening.
30:42
And that concludes this edition of Voices of
30:45
Life. Did you know? History gives us more than
30:49
dates and names. It gives us stories. Stories
30:53
of courage and failure. Faith and doubt. Freedom
30:57
and sacrifice. And people who faced moments that
31:01
changed the course of history. But history isn't
31:04
just about what happened then. It's about what
31:08
we can learn from it now. Thank you for joining
31:12
Pastor David in Voices of Life. Until our next
31:16
journey through history. Keep asking questions.
31:20
Keep learning. You never know what you might
31:26
discover when you simply ask. Did you know this
31:32
is Voices of Life?