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NASA Discovered a Planet That Defies All Logic · Be Amazed

• 0:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: Our plan is pretty amazing.
• 0:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's the only one in over five thousand discovered planets we know for sure has life.
• 0:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: But in this infinite expanding universe, have you ever wondered if there was something?
• 0:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: I don't know, better?
• 0:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: While it turns out there's a candy world, a diamond world, and all manner of other unbelievable places out there.
• 0:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: So prepare for lived off.
• 0:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: We're taking an intergalactic cruise around some newly discovered planets, so unbelievable.
• 0:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: They seem to defy logic itself.
• 0:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: So what makes a planet suitable for us to live on?
• 0:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, most importantly, it needs to support liquid water, or we'd be shriveled up space raisins.
• 0:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now, many planets orbit a star, ours is the sun, but a planet can only support liquid water if it's a certain distance away from its star.
• 1:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Too close, and any water will evaporate from the heat, too far, minimal freeze.
• 1:06
  [SPEAKER_00]: The sweet spot in between these two extremes, however, is known as the habitable zone.
• 1:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Because stars very massively in intensity, the distance of the habitable zone can differ wildly from system to system.
• 1:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: Good.
• 1:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: One such planet that lands right in the sweet spot is K-II-H-T-B.
• 1:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: I hope it goes without saying that we can't get this close to these planets to take photos.
• 1:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: Most, if not all visuals, we have our artist's impressions from the data we've obtained.
• 1:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: Anyways, this exoplanet, meaning a planet orbiting a star outside our solar system, was discovered by NASA in twenty-fifteen.
• 1:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Unbelievably, it's more than twice the size of Earth, and is the first planet we've found with water vapor in its atmosphere.
• 1:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: That means K-II-ATB could support human life.
• 1:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: Incredible.
• 1:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: So what are we waiting for?
• 2:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let's go check it out, right?
• 2:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Ah, that's the tricky part.
• 2:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: K-II-ATB orbits a star in the constellation Leo, a staggering one hundred and twenty-four light years away from Earth.
• 2:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let's put that in perspective.
• 2:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: Light travels one hundred and eighty-six thousand miles in a single second, and a light year is how far it travels in an entire year.
• 2:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: So, can you imagine how insanely far away, one hundred and twenty-four light years is?
• 2:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, you don't have to.
• 2:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: Estonishingly, it's over seven hundred and twenty-nine trillion miles.
• 2:36
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hypothetically, a one-way ticket to K-II-A-T&B onboard our fastest space shuttle, Discovery, which travels around five miles a second, is still going to take you an unbelievable four and a half million years.
• 2:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: And that's without potty stops.
• 2:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Our earliest ancestor split from monkeys around five million years ago, so it would take about as long for us to reach K-to-A-T-B as it's taken a bunch of chimpanzees to master space travel.
• 3:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: And theory and humans that arrive would resemble us about as much as we humans resemble chimps.
• 3:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: Huh, dang.
• 3:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's wild.
• 3:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: Space is freaking huge.
• 3:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: And here's me thinking the warmth from my couch to the fridge feels too long.
• 3:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now you know how far away planets can be, you're probably wondering how the heck we find them in the first place, right?
• 3:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: While the most popular way is the transit method.
• 3:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists select a specific cluster of stars to observe over a period of time.
• 3:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: If one of the star's dims, it could mean an orbiting planet is passing over it.
• 3:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: The stars are trillions of miles away, so without a really high end telescope, you'd never notice anything change.
• 3:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: But the best telescopes can give us loads of data about a planet size, orbit, and even atmosphere.
• 3:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Even so, some planets are so far away, we know very little about them.
• 3:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: Like Kepler, for a forty-two bead.
• 3:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: This planet was discovered in twenty-fifteen, and had a literally astronomical one thousand two hundred and six light years away.
• 4:06
  [SPEAKER_00]: None of our telescopes are capable of getting a good view.
• 4:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: What we do know, however, is astounding.
• 4:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: Kappler-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four
• 4:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: Here's where it gets really special though.
• 4:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: Its sun is about forty percent smaller than our own, which means it burns much slower.
• 4:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: So while star sun is expected to last about ten billion years, Kepler-four forty-two bees could last between eighteen and thirty-four billion years.
• 4:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: In other words, there's a planet out there, just like Earth, but with twice the longevity.
• 4:54
  [SPEAKER_00]: Damn!
• 4:56
  [SPEAKER_00]: But the problem is, it's so far away, we can't tell what makes up its atmosphere, if anything.
• 5:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: And that's a really big deal.
• 5:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: On the one hand, it could be like the Bahamas all year every year.
• 5:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: On the other hand, it could be minus forty degrees Fahrenheit and smell like right next.
• 5:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: So whilst it's currently considered more admirable than Earth, that's only on the few metrics we can actually measure.
• 5:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: There's so much we don't know that could make Kepler-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four-Four
• 5:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: Or I could show you the other rule plan as I've found?
• 5:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: Okay, so finding a nearby Earth-like planet anytime soon isn't looking too hot, but who needs them?
• 5:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: They're way better planets I'd want to live on.
• 5:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: In twenty seventeen scientists discovered Wasp, one oh seven B, which they survive inducingly nicknamed the candy planet.
• 5:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: Are you taking Reese's piece?
• 5:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: Forget liquid water, I want to see a Willy walk a planet with a chocolate river.
• 5:56
  [SPEAKER_00]: Sadly, this small step for man is nothing more than a giant milk dud.
• 6:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's only called candy planet because it has a similar density to cotton candy.
• 6:06
  [SPEAKER_00]: Aw, bummer.
• 6:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: But wait, that's still pretty wild.
• 6:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Despite being as big as Jupiter, Wasp-NO-SVB is a tenth of its mass, making it super light for its size.
• 6:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: In fact, over eighty-five percent of its total mass is gas.
• 6:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now this in and of itself isn't too crazy, until you realize Jupiter is almost entirely made of gas too.
• 6:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: So how the heck is Candy Land so much lighter?
• 6:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, it's to do with its core.
• 6:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Jupiter has a solid core that's twenty-five times the mass of Earth, meaning it generates a wild amount of gravitational force.
• 6:43
  [SPEAKER_00]: The greater the mass of a planet, the greater its gravitational force.
• 6:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: This force pulls gases into Jupiter's atmosphere, which makes up the majority of the planet.
• 6:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists used to think a planet's core had to be at least ten times the mass of Earths to be capable of this, until they found Wasp-O-S-O-S-B.
• 7:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: Indeed, once one-on-seven B's core is just four times the mass of Earth, so it should generate much less force than Jupiter and gather less gas.
• 7:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: And yet, the two planets are the same size.
• 7:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: So how is this possible?
• 7:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, scientists wrecking the planet must have originally formed far away from its star where temperatures are colder.
• 7:22
  [SPEAKER_00]: And colder temperatures gas accumulates faster, so gradually, once one-on-seven B became bigger and bigger, despite the low mass of its core.
• 7:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: Then at some point a nearby planet interfered with its orbit, pulling it closer to its current star where it is today.
• 7:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: For now, though, this is only a theory.
• 7:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's cool, sure, but I'm still holding out for Walker World.
• 7:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: Man, on this traveling around the universe has my stomach rumbling.
• 7:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: Funnily enough, though, there's a planet with an appetite, just like mine.
• 7:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: Except instead of glicking down twelve cans of weaners, lost twelve B, devours ninety-four percent of all light that enters its atmosphere.
• 8:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: Wait, it eats a light?
• 8:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: You bet?
• 8:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: See, Waspwell B, which was first discovered in a two thousand eight is a hot Jupiter.
• 8:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: A term for a giant gaseous plant that orbits very close to its parent star.
• 8:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: Therefore, things can get pretty toasty, like forty seven hundred degrees Fahrenheit toasty.
• 8:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: Who?
• 8:22
  [SPEAKER_00]: Most had Jupiter's reflect about forty percent of light, but wasse twelfth be is so hot that hydrogen molecules in its atmosphere are broken down into a tomming hydrogen.
• 8:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: Don't don't.
• 8:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: This is the fuel that makes stars burn causing wasse twelfth be to have an atmosphere less akin to a planet and more like a small star.
• 8:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists believe this insane reaction is why practically no light reflects from the surface.
• 8:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Whilst light doesn't reflect though, the incredible heat on the planet's surface does mean it emits an eerie molten red glow, but it doesn't just look freaky.
• 9:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: The heat is so intense that it's boiling off the gaseous atmosphere of the planet, stripping it away to spill out into space.
• 9:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: Whoa.
• 9:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: I guess that's just what you get for munching up all the light.
• 9:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: Nice to see karma still operates in the wider universe.
• 9:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Remember earlier I said habitable zones can be vastly different to one another?
• 9:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well in two thousand seven scientists discovered a planet called Gleece, by V-E-E-I-C, which has been deemed habitable despite being just six point eight million miles from its nearest star.
• 9:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Alright, that still seems pretty far, but it's much closer than the ninety-three million miles we are from our sun.
• 9:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: Though that's not what makes it so interesting.
• 9:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Glee's five-any-one sea is tidally locked, meaning the planet doesn't spend.
• 9:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: One side always faces towards its star, whilst the other always faces away.
• 9:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: So if you stood on the inward facing side, the scorching heat would burn so hot you'd be melted in a manner of seconds.
• 10:05
  [SPEAKER_00]: And the other facing side is so cold you'd be solid ice in no time.
• 10:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: But right in the middle there's a strip of land either too hot nor too cold and instead just right for life to potentially exist on.
• 10:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's the outer space equivalent of Baby Bear's porridge.
• 10:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: The peculiar discovery got scientists wondering if anything of note could exist in that strip.
• 10:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: For all we know it could be harboring an entire civilization.
• 10:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: So back in twenty-eight they sent out a radio transmission, but because Glee's five eighty-one see is twenty light years away, a one hundred and eighteen trillion miles, it's not expected to arrive until twenty twenty-nine.
• 10:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: I'm not sure how I feel about that.
• 10:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let's not forget, in two thousand eight, we were all Twilight Obsessed.
• 10:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: If I was an advanced civilization living there and received that message, I'd leave us on scene.
• 11:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: My birthday is my favorite time out here.
• 11:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: I just wish it came around more often.
• 11:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: Winning three hundred and sixty-five days or more presents feels so unfair.
• 11:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: But if I lived on toy eight forty nine b and exoplanet discovered in twenty twenty I'd have a much shorter way.
• 11:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: A complete to full orbit of its host star which takes one year on earth and as little as eighteen hours.
• 11:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well sounds great right.
• 11:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hmm, not quite.
• 11:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: A year this short isn't exactly cake all around.
• 11:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: It can only complete this orbit because it's incredibly close to its parent star.
• 11:36
  [SPEAKER_00]: So close that its service temperatures reach us well during twenty-eight hundred degrees Fahrenheit.
• 11:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: So yeah, lots of birthdays, but you're the candles.
• 11:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: And the heat isn't the only pitfall.
• 11:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: This place is humongous.
• 11:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: Over three times the size of Earth, the gravity from such a large planet like this should draw in an abundance of gas.
• 11:58
  [SPEAKER_00]: But the Sun is so close that its intense radiation has stripped all of it away, leaving Toy-A-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-
• 12:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hmm, so technically it's the biggest rocky planet we've ever discovered, but it wasn't always that way, so it's kind of cheating.
• 12:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: And going there to award it a gold medal isn't worth losing my beautiful eyebrows.
• 12:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: In our solar system, all the planets orbit around one star, the Sun.
• 12:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: But that's not true for all the planets in our galaxy.
• 12:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: Over a whopping eighteen hundred light years away is the Koi-Five System.
• 12:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's composed of not one, not two, but three stars all orbiting each other.
• 12:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's like this, Vive and Vive B both orbiting each other every twenty-nine years, and Vive C is bound to both A and B in a much larger orbit of every four hundred years.
• 12:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: Pretty cool, right?
• 12:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: While as if this bowl of stellar spaghetti wasn't confusing enough, an exoplanet about half the size of Saturn, called Koi five A B, was confirmed in twenty twenty one, and it orbits star five A every five days.
• 13:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: All this does mean, however, that if you stood on Koi five A.B.
• 13:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: and looked up, you'd see three sons in the sky.
• 13:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Pretty cool, right?
• 13:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's not all.
• 13:22
  [SPEAKER_00]: Koi five A.B.
• 13:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: also has an irregular orbit.
• 13:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: What's that?
• 13:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hear me out.
• 13:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: Plan is formed from big clouds of swirling dust that collide and stick together over time.
• 13:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: These clouds are gathered by the gravity of a star.
• 13:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: As they swirl around around, they form an orbit around the star, which you'd expect the fully formed planet to continue on, right?
• 13:43
  [SPEAKER_00]: I mean, if you're going that way already, why change?
• 13:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, Koi-Five-A-B did change.
• 13:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's skewed inwards about fifty degrees.
• 13:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists think at some point during the planet's formation, the gravitational force around Koi-Five-B kicked five A-B off its natural orbit around Koi-Five-A and sent it on its inward spiral.
• 14:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: I'm not one to hold grudges, live and let live and all that, but I'm still not over the fact Pluto isn't a planet anymore.
• 14:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: I don't care how small it is.
• 14:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: Size doesn't matter, all right?
• 14:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: All right!
• 14:17
  [SPEAKER_00]: So, this one here goes out to all my short kinks.
• 14:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: Kepler-Thirty-Seven-B was found in twenty-thirteen, and in case you haven't guessed yet, it's the smallest planet ever discovered.
• 14:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: Okay, it's not quite that small, but it's about a third as large as Earth, or roughly the same size as the Moon.
• 14:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: So what would life be like on the smallest planet in the known universe?
• 14:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, pretty miserable.
• 14:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists believe it's solid and rocky, so you could stand on it, but the lack of atmosphere combined with the surface temperatures that reach a flesh-frying eight-hundred degrees Fahrenheit means it's not making my list of potential holiday destinations.
• 14:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: Who knows though, maybe there's loads more tiny planets out there we haven't found yet that are far more habitable.
• 14:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: They're just harder spot than the big ones.
• 15:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Forget aliens, want to know what I find the biggest space mystery?
• 15:06
  [SPEAKER_00]: Saturn's rings.
• 15:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let's go in on there.
• 15:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, Saturn has an incredibly powerful gravitational pull, strong enough to rip up comets and asteroids before they can reach the planet, which is exactly what's happened, over and over again.
• 15:22
  [SPEAKER_00]: Eventually, the particles and dust created from all this destruction came to circle around Saturn, held by its gravity in the form of individual rings.
• 15:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: Cool.
• 15:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: So, why does an Earth have rings, too?
• 15:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, scientists believe once upon a time it might have done, but over millions of years they fuse together to create the Moon.
• 15:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: In fact, we've only found one planet outside our solar system that has rings like Saturn.
• 15:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: Discovered in twenty-twelve, the Ketchley-Name J-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F
• 16:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: At a jaw-dropping fifty-six million miles wide, there's six hundred and forty times bigger than Saturn's.
• 16:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: That means if J-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-F-
• 16:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: But our Pal J- fourteen probably won't have these rings forever.
• 16:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's a sprightly sixteen million years old, very young for a planet.
• 16:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: So over time the rings will probably more than the moons rather than sticking around long-term like Saturn's have, unlucky chip.
• 16:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Looks like our solar system has the real Lord of the Rings, if or all.
• 16:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: You might have noticed that a lot of these planets tend to be on the warmer side.
• 16:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's because the transit method, you know, the way of finding planets, has most success with ones that are very close to their sun.
• 16:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Those that don't are less likely to pass between the starware observing and our observation point.
• 16:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: But in two thousand four scientists discovered a frozen planet just thirty three light years away in the constellation Leo called Glee's Four Three Six B.
• 17:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: This isn't just any old frozen ice sphere, though.
• 17:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists were flabbergasted to find it harbor smoldering surface temperatures of eight hundred and twenty-two degrees Fahrenheit.
• 17:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hold up.
• 17:17
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hot ice?
• 17:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: Is this a trick?
• 17:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: Ice melts if it's any warmer than a measly thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.
• 17:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: So what's going on?
• 17:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, that may be true for Earth and our atmosphere, but different planets play by different rules.
• 17:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: It turns out Glee's fourth-three-six B's atmosphere exerts extreme pressure down on the planet.
• 17:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: This causes liquid water to compress into something similar to ice, only much denser.
• 17:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: So dense in fact that it transforms into a heat resistant state we didn't even realize was possible.
• 17:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: Goes to show how nutty some planets are.
• 17:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: But I'm not rushing to call Glee's four three six be home anytime soon.
• 17:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: We all know how coveted and expensive diamonds are, but did you know that back in two thousand four scientists discovered a planet just forty light years away called fifty five cancret e they originally thought that could be made of the precious gemstones?
• 18:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: Damn, who left all that shiny shiny alien booty there?
• 18:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, no one.
• 18:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Bit-to-five can't create E form naturally.
• 18:22
  [SPEAKER_00]: Kurching.
• 18:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: Sadly, it probably doesn't actually look like a floating ad for tenies.
• 18:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: It was originally believed that fifty-five can't create the star of the diamond planet orbits contains large quantities of carbon.
• 18:36
  [SPEAKER_00]: Therefore, it's probably that fifty-five can't create E was formed from the same swirling space does as its star, meaning it also has a lot of carbon.
• 18:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now on Earth, carbon atoms that are put under high heat and pressure bond gather and crystallize into diamonds.
• 18:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Fifty-five cancury E is subjected to just such high pressures and temperatures because it's in super close proximity to its host star.
• 19:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: So it was theorized that these conditions would cause diamonds to form across the planet's surface.
• 19:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: Still with me?
• 19:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: Good, and twenty-thirteen, however, further tests were done that revealed miscalculations in the Diamond Planet proposal.
• 19:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: It turns out the hostage carbon levels aren't actually as high as we first thought.
• 19:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: Oh, no!
• 19:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: That doesn't mean it's necessarily the same for the planet itself, but our evidence is now shaky at best.
• 19:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: Ah, guess I'm gonna have to take my search for untold riches to another corner of the universe.
• 19:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Luckily for me, I don't have to look too far to find that new wealthy corner.
• 19:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: Okay, by not far, I still mean around a thousand light years, so it's pretty far, but you know figuratively.
• 19:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: In two thousand eight scientists discovered a new planet in the Cygnus constellation, they've named hat p seven b. It's tidally locked and orbits incredibly close to its star, resulting in one of the strangest atmospheres I've ever seen.
• 20:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: The side facing in towards its star is red hot, but the outer side is cool enough that clouds of corundum form there.
• 20:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: Clouds what?
• 20:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: Corundum is a mineral that crystallizes into rubies and sapphires.
• 20:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: On Earth, temperatures never get hot enough for it to vaporize in form clouds, but on half-piece, seven-be they sure do.
• 20:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: The Corundum heats up in vaporizes on the hot side, and strong winds blow it over to the cooler side where it condenses to form clouds, which could then rain down upon the surface.
• 20:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's right, you've heard of it raining cats and dogs, but you've probably never heard of it raining jamstones.
• 20:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: If you're interested in seeing this totally unique shower though, you'll need more than a steel umbrella.
• 20:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: It has the first weather system we've been able to detect outside our own solar system and those powerful winds aren't to be underestimated.
• 20:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Yep, unless you're planning on getting slapped across the face by a savoury anytime soon.
• 20:56
  [SPEAKER_00]: and I'd say health is wealth and leave this one alone.
• 20:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: Practically, every star in the one hundred billion stars in the Milky Way is believed to have at least one planet orbiting it.
• 21:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's nice to know they've all got a homey, but some host star to planet relationships have surprising consequences.
• 21:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: Take...
• 21:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: PSR J-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-
• 21:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: A single teaspoon of matter from the Poles are orbiting one-four-three-eight-be would weigh up billion tons on Earth.
• 21:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's immense.
• 21:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: And its crazy mass means the Poles are exerts a tremendous amount of gravitational force on its planet.
• 21:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's a whopping four thousand light years away though, so you'd imagine something so tiny would be impossible to see from Earth, right?
• 22:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, that's the really cool thing about Polesars.
• 22:06
  [SPEAKER_00]: Their magnetic field can be over a trillion-time stronger than ours, which makes them spin super fast and emit beams of light from their magnetic poles.
• 22:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: But because the poles don't align with the rotational axis, the light wobbles causing it to sweep across our line of sight at regular intervals.
• 22:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: By timing these intervals, we figured out that one, four, three, eight-bees pulls our spins roughly ten thousand times a minute.
• 22:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: Reiki.
• 22:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: So what does that mean for one-four-three-eight-be?
• 22:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, the extensive force exerted on it by the pulsar means it'll orbit so close to it that the entire system would fit inside the diameter of the sun.
• 22:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: And, indeed, it takes just over two hours for it to complete a single revolution.
• 22:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: And that's not all.
• 22:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: Just like its pulsar, one-four-three-eight-be is also incredibly dense.
• 22:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: It's roughly the same mass as Jupiter, but only about forty percent of the size.
• 22:58
  [SPEAKER_00]: This has led scientists to guess that once upon a time, one-four-three-eight-be might have been a star itself.
• 23:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: However, the powerful gravity from the pulsar stripped its outer layers of hydrogen and helium and crystallized the remaining carbon, making it super dense.
• 23:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: This means one-four-three-eight-be could be a giant dead star, three thousand times bigger than the star in orbits.
• 23:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Cad zoos!
• 23:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: Space is so cool, but I need to lie down after that.
• 23:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: Our own climb-on-earth can be pretty crazy.
• 23:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: We get hurricanes, hailstones, and all kinds of other meteorological horrors.
• 23:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: And I don't think I've ever heard of a planet with weather quite like HD-one-eight-nine-seven-seven-three-be.
• 23:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: Discovered in two thousand five this gassy planet has a peculiar atmosphere with a high density of silicate particles.
• 23:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: A mix of silicone and oxygen that make the whole place a bright, azure color.
• 23:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: Oh, pretty!
• 23:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: But I go a beautiful thing, skid too close, and it'll hurt you.
• 24:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Ambitors reach blistering heights of over two thousand degrees Fahrenheit, turning the silicate into glass, which then rains down onto the planet's surface.
• 24:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: Heelch.
• 24:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: Hold up, it gets worse.
• 24:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: When speeds can reach up to fifty-four hundred miles per hour, which whips the glass around the planet at seven times the speed of sound.
• 24:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: That means if this storm happened on Earth, a single shard would fly around the entire equator in just five and a half hours.
• 24:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: So if you were unlucky enough to get stranded on HD, one eight nine seven seven three B, you'd look like Swiss cheese in about two minutes.
• 24:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now cheese.
• 24:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: I'm never gonna complain about a cold snap ever again.
• 24:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Thanks for listening to the podcast.
• 24:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: We'll see you again next time you'll want to be amazed.