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Elon Musk Starship Presentation 2019 · Elon Musk Podcast

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Nerd VPN.com /, space news pod. Hello and welcome back to the
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Elon Musk pod. This is a podcast about
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everything, Elon Musk. I'm your host will Walden.
3:36
And on this episode, this is Elon Musk talking about the
3:40
past, the present, and the future of SpaceX focusing on
3:44
Starship. So I want to take one second to
3:48
say, thank you to everybody who's been subscribing to the
3:51
show. If you haven't subscribed yet,
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please hit that subscribe button.
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Podcast, you can check out the show notes and you can get two
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free audio books if you click the link.
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So, thank you to my sponsors. And here is Elon Musk talking
4:07
about Starship. Join my friends.
4:29
It's quite windy here. It's side down well, though.
4:37
I'm good. It's this is actually wasn't
4:41
expecting to be this windy. Hopefully, you can actually hear
4:44
what I'm saying. Okay, great, great.
4:48
So, this is, this is I think the the most inspiring thing that
4:53
I've ever seen and I just like to thank the the SpaceX team and
4:59
the the suppliers and the the people of worksheet.
5:05
In Brownsville. Thank you for your support and
5:08
just like, wow, what an incredible job by such a great
5:12
team. So build this incredible
5:14
vehicle. So it's like the first of all,
5:16
my stuff there. I'm just so, it's so so proud to
5:25
work with such a great team and its really ripping here.
5:31
By the way, if you're watching this online, it is like it is
5:36
really windy. So the point of this this
5:43
presentation and this this event it is really there are two
5:47
elements to it. One is to inspire the public,
5:51
get people excited about Our future in space and and get
5:56
people fired up about the future.
5:58
The you know what, there are so many things to worry about so
6:04
many things to be concerned about.
6:06
There's there are many troubles in the world, of course.
6:08
And we, these are important and we need to solve them, but we
6:11
also need things that make us excited to be alive.
6:14
That make us glad to wake up in the morning and be fired up
6:19
about the future and think. Yeah.
6:21
But if Peter is going to be great, You know, and this space
6:24
exploration is one of those things and becoming a
6:27
spacefaring civilization being out there Among the Stars.
6:31
This is one of the things that I know makes makes me glad to be
6:34
alive. I think it makes many people
6:35
glad to be alive. It's one of the best things.
6:38
And this, this, really we're faced with a choice which future
6:43
do you want, do you want the future?
6:45
Where we become a spacefaring civilization and are in many
6:48
worlds. And now out there Among the
6:50
Stars, or one where we are forever confined to a And I say
6:53
it is the first and I hope you agree with me.
7:02
So so what the question, the critical breakthrough that's
7:08
needed for us to become a spacefaring civilization, is to
7:13
make space travel like air travel.
7:17
So, With with air travel, you could be when you when you fly a
7:21
plane, you fly that plane many times.
7:24
I'm at the risk of stating the obvious.
7:26
It really almost any motor transport, whether it's a plane
7:29
or car a horse, a bicycle is reusable, you use that motor
7:34
transport many times. And if you had to get a new
7:37
plane every time you flew somewhere, and even get have two
7:39
planes for return Journey, very few people could afford to fly,
7:43
or if you could use a car only once very few people could
7:46
afford to drive a car. So the critical breakthrough
7:50
that's necessary is a rapidly reusable orbital rocket.
7:55
This is a this is basically the Holy Grail of space and the
8:00
fundamental thing that's required and it is a very hard
8:03
thing to do. It's only barely possible with,
8:05
with the physics of Earth. I mean, if gravity first gravity
8:10
was a little heavier, it would be, it would be impossible.
8:14
And if it's gravity was a little lighter, it would be quite easy.
8:18
So we're really right on the cusp of what is physically
8:22
possible. So, you know, in order to create
8:24
a rapidly reusable rocket and fully reusable over rocket.
8:28
You have to have engines that are have incredibly high
8:32
specific impulse that have that essentially are extremely
8:35
efficient. Anytime you have a structure
8:38
that is also, incredibly massive efficient.
8:41
And and then that all needs to come back to the launch pad and
8:46
be able to be Filled with propellants and flown.
8:50
Again, very quickly, just like an aircraft.
8:52
So it's just, it's just because of the physics of Earth being
8:58
having been quite a deep gravity.
8:59
Well, and having quite a thick atmosphere.
9:02
This is this is a very this is it's a tough but not impossible
9:06
thing, but it is the most fundamental thing.
9:09
So with SpaceX, we started out Seventeen years ago and the
9:19
first rocket we designed was the Falcon wine which was that guy
9:24
right there. Stage separation, separation
9:40
confirmed. So so Falcon one, we thought?
9:48
Yeah. We started off, we were very
9:55
naive. And in fact the reason I should
9:57
say, the reason it's September 28th was search of tear.
10:01
This is the 11th anniversary of the first time SpaceX reached
10:05
orbit. So 11 years ago today SpaceX
10:08
made over to the first time It was actually I was out fourth
10:18
launch and if we if that launch had not succeeded, a SpaceX,
10:22
that would have been the end of SpaceX.
10:23
That was all I'd run out of money, they would know, or no
10:26
more investors and, and that would have been it.
10:29
So if that fourth launch had not succeeded, that would've been
10:32
curtains, but fortunately fate Smiled On Us that day.
10:35
And we made it to of it. I've great respect for anyone
10:38
who makes two orbit, that's a hard thing.
10:43
And then we were very naive, obviously, very money, but naive
10:47
on many levels back then because we did actually try to recover
10:52
the first stage. So, the first stage had a
10:56
parachute on it. And and we thought, okay, we'll
10:58
just pop the parachute when it comes back into the atmosphere
11:02
and then it'll land somewhere. Notion will go fish it out of
11:05
the ocean with a boat. This is not, this is not work.
11:10
So, and I actually remember getting mad at the parachute
11:12
supplier. Like, yeah, your parachute
11:14
doesn't work. Like know, wasn't their fault
11:17
when the rocket comes in from, from space, it's coming in.
11:22
The first stage is coming in, like, you know, mach 10 to 12
11:26
and it hits the atmosphere like as a concrete wall and boom.
11:31
So you actually have to orient. The rocket carefully, you have
11:36
to have Aerodynamic surfaces. You have to do an entry burn to
11:42
slow it down. You could, you got then?
11:44
You've got a guide it through the atmosphere and then do a
11:47
propulsive landing. This took us many, many attempts
11:52
and we actually did like a video of a blooper reel of all the
11:57
times. We failed, which was a lot.
11:58
I think it might have taken us, like, 14 attempts or something
12:01
before we finally successfully landed the rocket.
12:04
So so we If we go on to the next slide, we can take a look at
12:10
this is grasshopper. This is the thing that's
12:12
actually Falcon 9. It's hard to tell a scale, but
12:16
that's, that's a falcon 9 size, booster with one engine, and,
12:20
and big legs with giant shock absorbers didn't know what the
12:24
heck we're doing now. Amazingly grasshopper heads,
12:48
The cows are confused. So the that was a so that they
13:21
have milk and wine. What you saw there was a falcon
13:24
9 size vehicle and and then what's really kind of hard to
13:28
grasp at a at a visceral level is that this giant ship will do
13:33
the same thing that grasshopper did.
13:35
So this thing is going to take off fly to 65,000 feet about 20
13:41
kilometers and Come back and land in about one to two months.
13:48
So that giant thing is really going to be pretty epic, see
13:51
that thing take off and come back and then hopefully yeah.
14:04
Yeah, it's a while. So now I'd there's this is a
14:13
quite radical, I'll talk about it later.
14:14
Their presentation is this is a quite quite a new approach to
14:19
controlling controlling a rocket, much more, akin to a
14:25
skydiver than a plane. But I'll talk about that later.
14:28
So it going from from Falcon Falcon 9 to pack and heavy,
14:34
which we launched actually. The first module can have, it
14:37
was only February of last year. Year.
14:39
So it's only been about a year and a half since the first
14:41
Falcon heavy launch when we did two side-by-side Brewster
14:44
Landings and I always liked this video that was done by my
14:49
friend. Jonah.
15:05
He is yelling, but to friend is nowhere to be seen.
15:16
Now, she walks through the sunken dream to the seat with
15:21
the clearest View, and she's hooked to the cell.
15:26
The screen, but the film is a saddening for.
15:32
But she's knitting things, I'm xiomara she could face.
16:56
I never thought that would happen actually glad that it
17:00
did. Yeah.
17:07
That's why I like the the social.
17:11
Why not? Why?
17:12
Why do we have the Roadster with the astronauts?
17:15
You know, storm and and I was actually just came from
17:17
discussion of my friend Jonas. I wear as a task in his kitchen
17:20
and I was like, you know, normally when they do a rocket
17:22
launch, their launch of Walker concrete, but that sounds
17:25
doesn't sound very inspiring. So what do you think the most
17:27
is, what do you think the most sort of fun thing is that we
17:31
could launch? And he was like, well what are
17:32
you smoking for Tesla? And that's a great idea as a.
17:39
Yeah and they're not friends. She said, why don't you put a
17:43
tiny table on the dashboard? So we put a tiny treasure on the
17:45
dashboard. With a tiny straw man in the
17:48
tiny Tesla. This is just a confused aliens
17:51
in the future. They're like what the heck is
17:54
this? So you know, just want
17:58
something. I capture the imagination.
18:00
Get people excited about space. Um let's see Starship.
18:05
So this is a as you can will you can really see it right there.
18:08
Obviously there's a picture more rendering, it's about 150 about
18:14
about 50 meters. So you know sort of 165 feet or
18:19
so and Yeah. So This trip.
18:27
I think actually I noticed we have an error in our ship dry
18:32
Mass here. My apologies, I wish it was 85
18:35
tons, this ship dry Mass to be approximately. 120 tons.
18:41
This is the the initial Mach 1 prototype is closer to 200 tons.
18:46
And the in series production I think it'll probably be about
18:49
120 tons. If we get really lucky, it might
18:52
get down. 210 99 would be super Epic.
18:57
And so, but in terms of its usefulness, that'll be able to
19:04
do about 150 tons with full reusability to Overton back.
19:10
So this is, this is a very big number of full reusability.
19:16
The the very initial versions were confident will do over 100
19:19
tons, but I think with there's a clear path to 150 tons.
19:24
And the, the cost of Fully reusable system is basically the
19:29
cost of the propellant, which is mostly oxygen.
19:33
This is three and a half tons of oxygen, oxygen for every one ton
19:37
of fuel. So one of the advantages of the
19:40
this architecture over the Falcon architecture, is that we
19:44
actually use more oxygen per unit of fuel rather than less so
19:51
Merlin or the, the Falcon architecture is about two and a
19:54
half tons. Oxygen for every one ton of
19:56
fuel, this is three and a half tons.
19:57
Oxygen for every one ton of fuel.
19:59
So when this ends if it's really, mostly liquid oxygen
20:04
because when you get to vacuum, there's no error basically.
20:08
So Yeah, the next slide. So earlier I was talking about
20:20
it, how Starship enters and how its controlled it's really it's
20:26
quite different from anything else, it's really falling and so
20:31
we're doing a controlled fall. So with a rocket, you're
20:35
actually trying to break as opposed to.
20:39
You're trying to create drag instead of lift.
20:41
It's really the opposite of an aircraft.
20:43
You want the most amount of drag that you can produce.
20:45
Um, and you want some lift, especially when you're in the
20:48
upper atmosphere, mostly so that you don't, you can control the
20:51
maximum heating rate you want enough lift to keep yourself
20:54
high in the low density portion of the atmosphere.
20:57
So you can, you can, you can burn off a lhasa tea, and, and
21:01
then you say you want, but then, you know, basically, it goes
21:06
like if this is the, this is the, it goes.
21:09
It goes at about a 60 degree. It's my hand is the rocket.
21:13
It's going at about 60 degrees. So when it orbits, you're
21:18
actually going at around 25 times, the speed of sound,
21:21
horizontal to the ground. So this is a very important
21:25
concept that is counter-intuitive to our normal
21:28
daily life. Being in orbit being in zero g
21:32
is not about altitude. It's about velocity.
21:35
How fast are you going? Horizontally, this doesn't so
21:42
when something's in orbit it's zooming around the earth so
21:44
fast. The outward acceleration.
21:47
I would radio acceleration is in equal to the inward acceleration
21:50
of gravity and then you have zero gravity.
21:52
This is why you actually have zero gravity.
21:54
The space station people often think the space station is
21:57
stationary but it's actually going around the world at 25
22:00
times the speed of sound or about 17,000 miles an hour, The
22:04
very look, it was look stationary in the pictures and
22:07
since there's no, are you don't have to wear have a, an
22:10
aerodynamic structure. So you can be a totally crazy
22:13
structure. That that doesn't look like you
22:15
should be able to go 25 times the speed of sound but it does.
22:18
And you can only feel acceleration, you can't feel
22:20
velocity. So people sometimes like to
22:23
wonder what does it feel like to go 25 times speed of sound
22:25
actually it feels like nothing only accelerating to their feels
22:29
like something. So so that so the Starship is
22:32
coming in. This is if this This platform is
22:35
the Earth, it's coming in at Hypersonic velocity like this
22:39
sort of it around 60 degree angle.
22:41
So comes like this and then starts falling and then just
22:44
Falls like a skydiver and it's just controlling itself.
22:47
And then it turns and Lance like that.
22:50
So it was incredibly elaborate explanation.
22:59
And that you can get a sense for this is much better.
23:03
There you go. See same thing.
23:09
Look better than okay. But it looks really nice to see
23:15
that thing Lana. Yeah, having crazy.
23:19
Wow. Cool.
23:25
So let's see. Term out to the Raptor engine.
23:29
So there's there's, there's the ship will have a total of six
23:32
engines, three of the sea level variety of raptor and those are
23:37
actually on the rocket right now.
23:39
So we have the three sea level. In fact, that's a picture of
23:42
just inside that skirt. That's what it looks like.
23:46
So we've got the three sea level Raptor engines and they Kimball,
23:50
which is, which means that the whole engine moves.
23:52
So, the way to Rocket steers is by moving the entire engine.
23:56
So, whereas an aircraft engine is static and you move by
23:59
moving, like the control surfaces like the airline
24:02
errands, and Rudder, and elevator, and flaps this, in
24:06
this, the rocket, when they, when the engines are powered you
24:09
move the entire engine to steer it.
24:11
But so the Starship will have three sea level.
24:16
Engines that move up to about 15 degrees angle and three vacuum
24:21
engines that are optimized for efficiency that will be, that
24:24
will not move. So they will be just fixed in
24:26
place and that allows us to have the biggest Bell nozzle for the,
24:30
the wrapper for the vacuum rapper engines and
24:35
aspirationally, the target is A380 second ISP for the vacuum
24:39
engine. But this is a very in sort of
24:42
space geek terms. This is like, really a great
24:45
number. Or and and even for the steel
24:48
engines to get over. 350 s is p, is also really great.
24:58
So actually, yeah, sorry I'm looking at the slide, you're
25:02
not. So that's what I meant by.
25:03
It looks like that on the inside.
25:04
If I go back one side that's the that's the inside of the
25:08
Starship right now. So that's what it looks like in
25:10
the base. Alright, and then heat shield.
25:15
So it would have gone through various iterations of heat
25:20
shield. There's a lot of ways to skin a
25:23
cat here. The ultimately we decided to
25:26
have a heat shield. Hexagonal tiles, ceramic tiles.
25:30
That are basically like a tiny glass vermicelli at a micro
25:38
structure level but there's a very light but but very
25:45
Resistant essentially, glass tiles and there we could because
25:57
Starship isn't isn't a steel construction but yet.
26:00
Like, at first, it feels like oats deal.
26:02
Is that mean it's heavy? No, actually, it's the lightest
26:04
construction. This is steel is the best thing
26:08
is that, I think the best thing about best design decision on
26:13
this whole thing is 301, stainless steel.
26:18
Because at cryogenic temperatures, 301 stainless
26:22
actually has about the same effective strength as an
26:25
advanced composite or aluminum lithium, unlike most steals,
26:29
which get brittle at low temperature 301 stainless gets
26:34
much stronger and if it's in the in the in the in the extra hot
26:38
condition, meaning it's cold, roll, two, extra heart
26:40
condition. It also gets way stronger their
26:42
gets its actually gets its its strength.
26:45
To weight ratio at cryogenic temperatures is equivalent or
26:50
even perhaps slightly better than then Advanced Composites or
26:55
aluminum lithium. This is, this is not well
26:58
appreciated because if you just look at the materials manual and
27:01
say, like what is the strength of stainless steel?
27:04
It's it looks much weaker than it.
27:06
Is you say, what is the strength at cryogenic temperature?
27:09
Oh, much much stronger. Well, you know, at very low
27:13
temperature, almost twice as strong.
27:15
That's when it becomes better than carbon fiber or aluminum
27:20
lithium, and this is another benefit.
27:24
It also has a high melting temperature.
27:27
So for a reusable ship, you're coming in like a meteor.
27:30
You want something that does not melt at a low temperature.
27:33
You want something else at a high temperature and this is
27:35
where steel is extremely good as well.
27:38
So it's, you know, still has a melting temperature around sort
27:44
of 1,500 degrees Centigrade, whereas aluminum, you know,
27:51
maybe 300 or 400 degrees. And same thing for carbon fiber
27:56
and that's really pushing it, you know?
27:58
So this is having that much high melting temperature means that
28:02
you don't need any shielding on the leeward side of their of the
28:07
ship when it comes in for entry and and the shielding you need
28:10
on the windward side. Add the hot side is massively
28:13
reduced because the the thickness of the tile is
28:18
actually for a reusable system is dependent on what backshell
28:22
temperature like how hot does the back of the tile that
28:26
interfaces with the airframe guest.
28:29
And because the steel can take a much higher temperature, your
28:33
heat shield even on the windward side is much.
28:36
It is much lighter. But the net effect is that is
28:41
301, stainless steel rocket is actually the lightest possible
28:46
reusable architecture. Then then it comes come to cost.
28:52
The carbon fiber we were using was $130 a ton.
28:57
The steel is 2500 dollars a ton. It's our 222.
29:03
Yeah. Toy foot say the 130-thousand
29:09
dollars, a Time versus $2500 time, there was one percent so
29:12
it was it's a hundred. Thirty thousand dollars a ton
29:14
for the carbon fiber. And twenty-five hundred dollars
29:17
a ton for the steel. The steel is about two percent
29:20
of the cost of the carbon fiber. So this is a good thing we
29:24
changed from carbon fiber to steal by far.
29:31
It was and, and very easy to weld stainless steel, the
29:37
evidence being that we welded it Outdoors without a factory.
29:41
So, Great skills by the team. But with with carbon fiber, this
29:52
is impossible with aluminum lithium also impossible, but
29:58
steel is very, is is easy to weld and it is resilient to the
30:01
elements. And also actually, as a touring
30:07
Austin earlier, say like on Mars.
30:09
Yeah. You can like cut that up.
30:11
You can well that you can modify it.
30:13
No problem. Yeah, there's a good point, your
30:17
You're out there on the moon or Mars, you want something that
30:19
you can modify that you can cut up and use for other things
30:22
that's like, for sure, great things.
30:24
So, anyway, still obviously, I'm in love to steal it.
30:27
So, you know, as time I had to say it, you know, so great.
30:32
So let's see. Go on to the booster.
30:40
So the booster is designed to take up to 37 Raptor engines.
30:45
I'm not sure if we'll go that high but you can really, you
30:47
know, have 31. I think like the minimum number
30:51
you'd want is, you know, maybe around 24.
30:56
But the booster is that is designed to be able to take
30:59
multiple engines out. So you can actually add or
31:03
subtract engines as you would like you to basically just need
31:06
a lot of force pushing up. Over time, I think that you
31:12
probably want around 270 500-ton Force rocket, which is about
31:18
twice, the thrust of a Saturn five little more than twice to
31:21
start to rust. And and on a roughly 5,000 ton,
31:28
liftoff gross, liftoff Mass. So for a roughly one-and-a-half
31:33
Thruster wait for a reusable rocket.
31:36
You actually went to high thrust-to-weight rather than
31:40
with an Expendable rocket where you want to low thrust to weight
31:43
because any thrust-to-weight below one is not useful like if
31:48
you have a less thrust than your weight you don't move.
31:52
So you actually want a high thrust-to-weight for a reusable
31:55
rocket. This is a very important design.
31:59
Optimization change. So that's why I think, you know,
32:03
more entrance, probably good and getting up to around 7,500 tons,
32:07
over time, and a one and a half to one and a half
32:11
thrust-to-weight ratio or more. So, and what we think we're
32:16
probably going to adjust the great been designed to be kind
32:19
of like a sort of like a diamond shape looks cooler.
32:24
Works better to and then the rear fins are actually just
32:29
legs, so they're not they're not needed for stabilization or
32:33
guidance there, they're essentially their forelegs All
32:40
right, so some let's go into some of the development testing.
32:46
This is a raptor firing. All right, and then obviously we
33:50
had a raptor a fire on the star Hopper.
33:54
Yeah and it's kind of hard to cease to appreciate scale but
34:01
it's the same diameter is Starship and obviously it's just
34:04
right over there. So it's kind of hard to tell if
34:07
it's the size of a trash can or this is you know how big it is.
34:11
But it's a it's about the body diameter is about 39 meters or
34:15
30 feet not including the leg span
35:04
This gives you a sense of size, so there's little pixels there,
35:09
that's a little, little pixels are human and then this the
35:14
hopper next to it, the Millennium Falcon for
35:16
comparison, then Starship, which is what you see before you.
35:22
And then that's what it's look will.
35:23
Look like, with the full stack, which is almost two and a half
35:26
times. This tool.
35:26
Is this vehicle? This simulation will give you a
35:37
sense of the scale of things. A slightly reminds you to see a
36:07
baseball. Establishing a city to establish
37:59
final step. Exactly.
38:40
So Yeah. So A rapidly reusable over the
38:49
launcher. Rocket is, is a rapidly.
38:52
Reusable rocket is required for alliteration.
38:59
The, for achieve, if we're getting a breakthrough and cost
39:03
of access to space that you don't throw the Rockets way,
39:05
every every flight. But another key step is
39:08
refilling on orbit so that the Starship can get to orbit with,
39:15
let's say 150 tons. Of payload for the moon or Mars
39:19
or Beyond, and then you can get Tankard to fill up its
39:23
propellant tanks and so that it can depart from low earth orbit
39:29
with 1,200 tons of propellants. This is a very big thing so that
39:33
your, your Delta velocity is enough to transport 150, 150.
39:41
Tons to the surface of the Moon or Mars.
39:47
With with floor usability and orbital refilling, which is
39:52
essentially, the overall refilling is actually a
39:54
simplified version of what SpaceX does inorganic in docking
39:58
with the space station. So it's actually harder to dock
40:00
with the space station than it is to do orbital refilling.
40:03
But in practicing in docking with the space station SpaceX is
40:09
has also learned how to Rendezvous and dock in orbit.
40:15
In a complex environment. So this is one of the other
40:18
critical pieces of the puzzle needed needed to establish a
40:23
base on the moon and Mars as City.
40:25
Ultimately and yeah, those are the critical ingredients.
40:32
So we think will be very exciting to have a base on the
40:35
moon. Even if it's just the science
40:38
base that we have recruited. For example, we have a base at
40:42
and Antarctica many, many countries have Has in Antarctica
40:47
for science research. And this would be an incredible
40:50
area of research. So whether or not people want to
40:53
live on the moon, there's definitely a lot of science to
40:56
be done and I think this is close as well, so that's that
41:04
would be quite exciting to do. And then of course, we can go
41:10
other to other places in the solar system like Saturn.
41:13
And but the critical thing that we need to focus on I think is
41:18
the fastest path to a self-sustaining City on Mars.
41:23
This is the this is the fundamental thing.
41:33
As far as we know, as far as we know, we are the only
41:37
Consciousness. So the only life that's out
41:39
there. They might be other life, but
41:40
we've seen no signs of it. And people often ask me, if you
41:43
were, what do you know about the aliens and that?
41:44
And I'm like, man, I tell you if I'm pretty sure, I'd know, you
41:48
know, if the aliens I've seen not seen any sign of aliens and
41:54
telecoil is the military hiding aliens in Area 51 or something.
41:56
You know, that's popular meme. I will let me tell you, if the
42:03
biggest the fastest way to increase defense funding would
42:05
be to bring out like, hey, we found an alien feel like more
42:09
money for defense, definitely. It was guaranteed their truck
42:15
and I would be like, on display in two seconds.
42:17
So, so there the reality is, as far as we know, this is the only
42:28
place at least in this part of the Galaxy.
42:30
C or in the Milky Way where there is consciousness and it's
42:34
taken a long time for us to get to this point.
42:38
You know, according to the the geological records that's been
42:41
around for about four and a half billion years old, it was mostly
42:44
molten magma for about a half a billion years.
42:46
So but still several billion years with at least bacterial
42:51
life and multicellular life for several hundred million years.
42:57
But here's the interesting part like the the sun is gradually
43:00
getting hotter and bigger and over time, even in the absence
43:05
of global warming is man-made. Stuff that the sun will expand
43:10
and it will, it will overheat the Earth.
43:13
My guess is probably this is on human timescales.
43:18
This is a long time but it's there's only, you know, several
43:22
hundred million years left. That's all, that's all we got,
43:24
okay? Several hundred million years
43:27
but if it's sort of in if from an evolutionary standpoint,
43:32
basically if it took an extra 10% longer for conscious life to
43:37
evolve, On Earth. It wouldn't involve at all
43:40
because it would have been incinerated by the Sun.
43:43
So, so what I'm saying is that, it's, it appears that
43:48
Consciousness is a very rare and precious thing and we should
43:51
take whatever steps we can to preserve the light of
43:55
Consciousness. And the window, the window has
43:58
been open only now, after four and a half billion years is that
44:02
window? Open, as long time to wait, and
44:05
it might not stay open for long. I'm pretty optimistic by nature,
44:09
but there's some chance. There's some chance that window
44:12
will not be open for long. I think we should become a multi
44:16
plant civilization. While that window is open.
44:20
And if we do, I think the probable Outcome for Earth is
44:24
even better if we cuz then you know, Mars could help Earth one
44:27
day. You know?
44:30
And so I think we should really do our very best to become a
44:34
multi-planet species and to extend Consciousness beyond
44:37
Earth, and we should do it now. Thank you.