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Latest / Ancient Greece: Philosophy, Democracy, and Endless War — Fexingo History

The Greek Fire That Burned Empires

We usually think of ancient warfare in terms of bronze swords and shield walls, but the late Roman Empire faced a different kind of threat that required a chemical solution. This episode explores the invention of Greek fire, the secret incendiary weapon developed by Kallinikos of Heliopolis for the Byzantine navy around 678 CE. We trace how this sticky, liquid flame defied water and saved Constantinople from Arab sieges, reshaping the balance of power in the Mediterranean. Lucas and Luna discuss the technical mystery of its composition, the psychological terror it inflicted on enemy fleets…

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