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Selects: Does the body replace itself? · Stuff You Should Know

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's your old pal Josh for this week's select.
• 0:03
  Speaker 1: I've chosen Does the body replace itself every seven years?
• 0:07
  Speaker 1: Sounds like a medical episode, and it kind of is.
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: But after a little while it turns into a brainbuster
• 0:12
  Speaker 1: of a head scratcher of a philosophical bent that I
• 0:15
  Speaker 1: think you're gonna love. I hope you enjoy the living.
• 0:18
  Speaker 2: Heck out of it.
• 0:24
  Speaker 3: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with
• 0:36
  Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant and guest producer.
• 0:38
  Speaker 2: Nol Knowle's in the house.
• 0:41
  Speaker 1: It's the it in the new studio. Yeah, man, this
• 0:45
  Speaker 1: place is comfy, cozy. I like it.
• 0:47
  Speaker 3: I wish I'm I don't know, I wish there was
• 0:49
  Speaker 3: a chair version of a waterbed.
• 0:52
  Speaker 1: I know this is a napish little place.
• 0:54
  Speaker 3: Yeah, especially today, I think I'm dragging all apologies.
• 0:59
  Speaker 1: Yeah, same here. So if we're talking kind of slow
• 1:02
  Speaker 1: or low, or we just stopped talking for a little while,
• 1:05
  Speaker 1: it's we're as tired.
• 1:07
  Speaker 2: Yeah, bumped into you at the Hawks game last night.
• 1:10
  Speaker 1: I know, Hey, how many is that?
• 1:11
  Speaker 2: You know? Yeah, just at the bump in yep.
• 1:15
  Speaker 1: We were both at the Hawks gaming and the Hawks.
• 1:16
  Speaker 3: One didn't even know we were going. Look over in line,
• 1:20
  Speaker 3: there's Josh and Yumi. Yeah that's great. There's Chuck and Eddie.
• 1:24
  Speaker 3: Yep in an arena of eighteen thousand bumping into someone?
• 1:31
  Speaker 2: Is that it?
• 1:31
  Speaker 1: That's all it holds?
• 1:32
  Speaker 2: I think it's something like that. It's a good lot
• 1:35
  Speaker 2: of people.
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: It's a good arena.
• 1:36
  Speaker 2: Yeah. But you had box seats because you're special.
• 1:38
  Speaker 1: They were free out.
• 1:40
  Speaker 2: Mine were free to in. The nose bleeds.
• 1:43
  Speaker 1: I liked just about every seat in that place.
• 1:45
  Speaker 2: Yeah, it's not too bad. I was.
• 1:46
  Speaker 3: I was laughing about the nosebleeds going in, But then
• 1:50
  Speaker 3: I got up there.
• 1:51
  Speaker 2: I was like, this is great. Yeah you can see everything.
• 1:53
  Speaker 1: Did you nose actually bleed just twice?
• 1:56
  Speaker 3: Yeah, once out of its sheer excitement and then once
• 2:00
  Speaker 3: from the altitude and that was more of a spray,
• 2:03
  Speaker 3: rightah yeah.
• 2:05
  Speaker 1: Just covering everyone that was like go Hawks.
• 2:08
  Speaker 2: Boy, what a weird intro.
• 2:09
  Speaker 1: It's a little weird, but I mean it kind of
• 2:13
  Speaker 1: jibes a little bit because we're talking. Yeah you're mentioning blood.
• 2:18
  Speaker 2: Sure, it was shedding cells and blood.
• 2:20
  Speaker 1: You were like, blood is made up of cells and
• 2:23
  Speaker 1: we shed tons of cells. But before we get to that, right,
• 2:26
  Speaker 1: there's the fact that the podcast you shed cells. I
• 2:30
  Speaker 1: want to mention this one thing I read. Yeah, it's
• 2:33
  Speaker 1: called I think the title of the article is the
• 2:36
  Speaker 1: Self is Moral. It's about like where we get our
• 2:38
  Speaker 1: identity of self from, like where it's rooted. It was
• 2:42
  Speaker 1: written by a person named Nina Stromyer. I believe it
• 2:45
  Speaker 1: was on AON magazine. Yeah, just type in the self
• 2:48
  Speaker 1: is Moral aon it'll come up.
• 2:50
  Speaker 2: I'll get you there.
• 2:52
  Speaker 1: Uh. And towards the beginning, the author says, there's this
• 2:59
  Speaker 1: very famous philosophical exercise, which you know, philosophers love to do,
• 3:03
  Speaker 1: like mental exercises.
• 3:04
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's what that's all they hashened.
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: So imagine you have like a kind of imagine you
• 3:10
  Speaker 1: have like a ship, right, like a boat. Yeah, a
• 3:13
  Speaker 1: nice Yankee clipper, okay, okay. And this Yankee clipper is slowly,
• 3:19
  Speaker 1: over time kind of salvage for parts. But rather than
• 3:23
  Speaker 1: just being stripped, like every time a part is taken out,
• 3:26
  Speaker 1: it's replaced, and then over the course of like fifty
• 3:30
  Speaker 1: one hundred years, is each plank, as each bolt, as
• 3:33
  Speaker 1: each like mast head, even the thing. The carved lady
• 3:37
  Speaker 1: in front eventually just gets replaced with something else.
• 3:41
  Speaker 2: Yeah, a new carved lady that speaks of the time.
• 3:44
  Speaker 1: Right, you know? Is it still though, after every single
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: part has been replaced, the same ship that it was before?
• 3:52
  Speaker 2: Yeah? I see what you mean. I don't think that
• 3:55
  Speaker 2: can be possible.
• 3:58
  Speaker 1: Why not, especially if it has the same name and
• 4:01
  Speaker 1: it's the same ship in the same place as before.
• 4:03
  Speaker 1: It was just slowly, over time moved out. True, where
• 4:08
  Speaker 1: does the self lie?
• 4:10
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a good point, man, Like redoing a house,
• 4:13
  Speaker 3: same thing, Yeah, I mean, like they saw the floors
• 4:15
  Speaker 3: and the walls and the windows, Like, when does it
• 4:18
  Speaker 3: cease to become that same house that was built in
• 4:21
  Speaker 3: nineteen thirty exactly.
• 4:22
  Speaker 1: Isn't that cool?
• 4:23
  Speaker 2: Yeah? It is really cool.
• 4:24
  Speaker 1: And the reason that it applies to this episode is because,
• 4:26
  Speaker 1: over the course of your lifetime, a significant portion, pretty
• 4:32
  Speaker 1: much all of the cells in your body are going
• 4:35
  Speaker 1: to be replaced. Yeah, so that the person even after
• 4:41
  Speaker 1: you reach your adult self. Yeah, physically, by the time
• 4:46
  Speaker 1: you die, assuming you're gonna die much later, you are
• 4:51
  Speaker 1: essentially a different person, at least on the cellular level.
• 4:55
  Speaker 2: Yeah, thirty seven trillion cells.
• 4:58
  Speaker 1: Ish that's how many we have.
• 5:00
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's what they estimate. And I did a little
• 5:03
  Speaker 2: looking into.
• 5:03
  Speaker 1: Lifespans, like an estimate.
• 5:07
  Speaker 2: Thirty seven trillion. Yeah, what do you want like to
• 5:09
  Speaker 2: like give or take?
• 5:10
  Speaker 3: Yeah, I did a little research into lifespans just because
• 5:14
  Speaker 3: this all sort of comes back to like your death basically,
• 5:19
  Speaker 3: because that's all death is, is your your cells, you know,
• 5:23
  Speaker 3: dying little by little.
• 5:26
  Speaker 1: Well yeah, I mean if you think about it, Chuck,
• 5:28
  Speaker 1: one of the things that.
• 5:29
  Speaker 2: Like why do we die?
• 5:30
  Speaker 3: If our we'll get to all that, Oh okay, but
• 5:33
  Speaker 3: it's intriguing, you know it is it started, you know,
• 5:36
  Speaker 3: questions started popping up. So apparently we gained about three
• 5:39
  Speaker 3: months every three months of life humanity every year that
• 5:45
  Speaker 3: we progress.
• 5:47
  Speaker 1: Like the average life span spans by three months.
• 5:50
  Speaker 3: Yeah, Like if you were born in twenty twelve, the
• 5:52
  Speaker 3: average lifespan is now and this is the United States,
• 5:55
  Speaker 3: is seventy eight point eight. If you were born in
• 5:58
  Speaker 3: nineteen oh one, it was about forty seven and fifty
• 6:00
  Speaker 3: years for men and women respectively. But if you look
• 6:04
  Speaker 3: at the ratio, it's still about three months. Despite all
• 6:07
  Speaker 3: our technologies, three months a year, every year, every year.
• 6:13
  Speaker 1: Just slowly creeping along.
• 6:14
  Speaker 3: Yeah, because I think the article it was like when
• 6:16
  Speaker 3: we're going to live to be one hundred by average,
• 6:19
  Speaker 3: and they say by the year twenty one hundred, if
• 6:21
  Speaker 3: things hold, then the average human or American will be
• 6:25
  Speaker 3: about one hundred years old.
• 6:26
  Speaker 1: I thought that, so I guess that will if things
• 6:29
  Speaker 1: are steadily progressing. I had heard that like our generation
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: would be either the last or the first, the last
• 6:36
  Speaker 1: to not hit triple digits or the first two on average. Yeah.
• 6:41
  Speaker 3: Yeah, I guess these are all gases, you know, so
• 6:44
  Speaker 3: who knows. Plus if you believe in like things speeding science,
• 6:51
  Speaker 3: speeding up?
• 6:51
  Speaker 1: Yeah, what is that? Moore's law?
• 6:53
  Speaker 2: Yeah? Is that it? Yeah, applied to computers, so in
• 6:56
  Speaker 2: that case.
• 6:56
  Speaker 1: Right, right, but I mean you cantend it other stuff.
• 7:00
  Speaker 3: Yeah, then you might think, you know it's it's but
• 7:03
  Speaker 3: you know, they say it's not increasing like that.
• 7:06
  Speaker 2: No, at least not so far.
• 7:07
  Speaker 1: Moore's law is exponential growth just adding three months every
• 7:10
  Speaker 1: year's yeah, non exponentials geometric. I think we're still at
• 7:15
  Speaker 1: non exponential growth definitely. Yeah, we're just adding three months. Yeah,
• 7:20
  Speaker 1: it's not bad though, that's pretty good average every four years.
• 7:23
  Speaker 3: It's an extra year, yeah, well, and it's interesting to
• 7:26
  Speaker 3: think about. You know, people that were born you know,
• 7:28
  Speaker 3: a lot of our colleagues like eight years behind us,
• 7:32
  Speaker 3: are going to live an average of.
• 7:34
  Speaker 2: Two years longer.
• 7:36
  Speaker 1: Yeah, that seems unfair, sad.
• 7:39
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I know, what did they do to.
• 7:41
  Speaker 1: Observe that we're we're thinking about our own deaths today? Yeah,
• 7:47
  Speaker 1: and chuck that there's this rumor theory, legend maybe okay,
• 7:54
  Speaker 1: that your body regenerates itself ninety percent of your body
• 7:58
  Speaker 1: regenerates itself every year.
• 8:01
  Speaker 2: Yeah that's not true.
• 8:02
  Speaker 1: No, it's not true, but it was a very long
• 8:04
  Speaker 1: standing rumor, and it was actually based on science. Yeah,
• 8:07
  Speaker 1: you know, not just the idea that, oh yeah, ourselves regenerate.
• 8:10
  Speaker 1: So back of the envelope estimate is that, you know,
• 8:14
  Speaker 1: we regenerate ninety five or ninety eight percent of ourselves
• 8:16
  Speaker 1: every year. It was early experimentation by injecting radioactive isotopes
• 8:23
  Speaker 1: into human beings, yeah, and then following their course and
• 8:26
  Speaker 1: then making estimates based on that led to this idea.
• 8:30
  Speaker 3: It's called pulse labeling, is it. It's like tagging an
• 8:33
  Speaker 3: animal in the wild basically.
• 8:34
  Speaker 1: Right, but you're just tagging a cell.
• 8:36
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 8:37
  Speaker 1: The specific types of cells.
• 8:38
  Speaker 3: Yeah, they don't do that to humans anymore. No, it's
• 8:41
  Speaker 3: very animals. I think it's a very dumb thing to do.
• 8:43
  Speaker 2: Sure, injecting radiation exactly.
• 8:45
  Speaker 3: Yeah, unless, of course, you know it's radiation treatment that's true,
• 8:50
  Speaker 3: which is still a really weird thing if you think
• 8:52
  Speaker 3: about it.
• 8:52
  Speaker 1: It's Yeah. I have a feeling it's gonna be like
• 8:54
  Speaker 1: one of the things we look back on.
• 8:56
  Speaker 2: As like a primitive treatment. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I hope so.
• 9:00
  Speaker 1: But there was this long standing science for decades or
• 9:04
  Speaker 1: this idea, scientific idea that we regenerated ourselves by ninety
• 9:08
  Speaker 1: five ninety eight percent. Finally, and I think two thousand
• 9:11
  Speaker 1: and five there was a a researcher named doctor Jonas Friesen.
• 9:20
  Speaker 1: He's Swedish.
• 9:21
  Speaker 2: Dude's awesome.
• 9:22
  Speaker 1: He said, this whole urban legend is really bringing me down.
• 9:27
  Speaker 1: I want to figure out a way to really track
• 9:31
  Speaker 1: how often the human body regenerates itself.
• 9:35
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and the biggest question has been the brain, specifically
• 9:40
  Speaker 3: the cerebral cortex and the heart and the heart muscles.
• 9:45
  Speaker 3: I mean, they want to know all this stuff, but
• 9:47
  Speaker 3: those were the two biggest mysteries.
• 9:48
  Speaker 1: I think, right, there's still the mysteries, but if you
• 9:51
  Speaker 1: went back to prior to two thousand and five, in
• 9:53
  Speaker 1: doctor Friesan's research, it was all a mystery. Yeah, he
• 9:56
  Speaker 1: figured out. He basically put a very act curate time
• 10:00
  Speaker 1: stamp on how often human tissue and human cells regenerate themselves. Right,
• 10:06
  Speaker 1: So the way he did this is very clever. For
• 10:10
  Speaker 1: a long time, botanists knew that the trees around the
• 10:15
  Speaker 1: world contained a spike of carbon fourteen radiation.
• 10:21
  Speaker 2: Yes, thanks to humans and nuclear bombs.
• 10:23
  Speaker 1: Exactly from nineteen fifty four to nineteen sixty three, tree
• 10:27
  Speaker 1: rings for tree growth around the world show a big
• 10:32
  Speaker 1: spike in carbon fourteen. Carbon fourteen is naturally occurring too,
• 10:36
  Speaker 1: So like just cosmic rays from the sun bombarred Earth's
• 10:40
  Speaker 1: atmosphere and create radioactive isotopes by knocking electrons from particles
• 10:46
  Speaker 1: in Earth's atmosphere, right, those radioactive particles become carbon fourteen,
• 10:53
  Speaker 1: which is radioactive, and in the atmosphere, carbon fourteen binds
• 10:57
  Speaker 1: to oxygen and creates carbon dioxide, which comes to Earth.
• 11:02
  Speaker 1: Every living thing breathes this stuff in, whether it's a plant,
• 11:06
  Speaker 1: whether it's a human like we just have see fourteen
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: in our bodies.
• 11:11
  Speaker 3: We also eat plants exactly contain the sea fourteen besides
• 11:15
  Speaker 3: breathing it in.
• 11:15
  Speaker 1: And we also eat the animals that eat the plants
• 11:18
  Speaker 1: that in just see fourteen. Right, So like we got
• 11:22
  Speaker 1: carbon fourteen in our bodies, that's right. But because of
• 11:28
  Speaker 1: the spike in carbon fourteen that was introduced to the
• 11:31
  Speaker 1: atmosphere from nuclear testing, there is a spike in humans
• 11:38
  Speaker 1: as well. So you can roughly age like a human
• 11:41
  Speaker 1: compared to another human if they were born in say
• 11:46
  Speaker 1: nineteen fifty nine, and one who was born in nineteen
• 11:48
  Speaker 1: seventy after there was that spike of carbon fourteen had
• 11:52
  Speaker 1: gone away. Right, that's pretty cool. But what doctor Friesen
• 11:56
  Speaker 1: did is even cooler. He basically went back to those
• 12:00
  Speaker 1: tree trunks, those tree rings that show a spike in
• 12:03
  Speaker 1: carbon fourteen, and created a calendar of carbon fourteen decay
• 12:10
  Speaker 1: and basically said, okay, on this date, this is how
• 12:15
  Speaker 1: much carbon fourteen was on Earth. And if I take
• 12:20
  Speaker 1: this cell and compare it, knowing that carbon fourteen decays
• 12:23
  Speaker 1: at a constant rate, I can tell you exactly how
• 12:27
  Speaker 1: old this cell is exactly. And he used it to
• 12:31
  Speaker 1: date cells and tissues and all sorts of cool stuff.
• 12:34
  Speaker 3: Yeah, he was He went looking for a marker, and
• 12:37
  Speaker 3: he found one due to our atomic testing program, which
• 12:41
  Speaker 3: is pretty weird. You just released all that junk in
• 12:44
  Speaker 3: the atmosphere and now all these years later it has
• 12:47
  Speaker 3: a nice use.
• 12:48
  Speaker 1: Yeah, you know it does.
• 12:50
  Speaker 3: So we now know when we're going to die, right
• 12:53
  Speaker 3: sort of. And the reason he was able to use
• 12:55
  Speaker 3: this as a marker, Chuckers, is that when you take a.
• 13:00
  Speaker 1: Breath of life, your first breath of life, that's right,
• 13:04
  Speaker 1: and you get some you get some of that C
• 13:06
  Speaker 1: fourteen into your DNA, and a steady amount stays in there,
• 13:11
  Speaker 1: like you don't keep ingesting C fourteen as far as
• 13:14
  Speaker 1: I understand, as far as your DNA goes, Oh okay,
• 13:17
  Speaker 1: once it's in your DNA, as your cells divide, that
• 13:22
  Speaker 1: original amount becomes divided evenly. So the less C fourteen
• 13:27
  Speaker 1: that's in tissue, the older that cell line is. Where
• 13:32
  Speaker 1: then the younger the actual cells are. Right, Is that right?
• 13:36
  Speaker 3: I think so, which would mean the new cell the
• 13:39
  Speaker 3: marker would be a fresh batch of the C fourteen.
• 13:43
  Speaker 1: No, it have less C fourteen.
• 13:45
  Speaker 3: Oh really, yeah, let's say you have because the cell divided, yes, exactly, Yeah.
• 13:49
  Speaker 1: Like you have ten grams of C fourteen, which you don't.
• 13:53
  Speaker 1: I can't imagine what that would be. Like. Let's say
• 13:56
  Speaker 1: your your one cell that's never divided has ten Yeah,
• 13:59
  Speaker 1: when it into two, it's each of those two cells
• 14:02
  Speaker 1: is going to have five grand and then two and
• 14:05
  Speaker 1: a half, and then one point seventy five and so
• 14:07
  Speaker 1: on and so on. So since you know that C
• 14:10
  Speaker 1: fourteen is generated at a constant rate, you know that
• 14:13
  Speaker 1: it decays at a half life of fifty seven hundred
• 14:15
  Speaker 1: and thirty years, you can look at the amount of
• 14:21
  Speaker 1: C fourteen and then also the decay of it as well. Yeah,
• 14:25
  Speaker 1: you can date things that are no longer living too,
• 14:28
  Speaker 1: to see when the when they ingested that C fourteen.
• 14:31
  Speaker 3: Was Yeah, he's a little like a bingo card. He
• 14:33
  Speaker 3: just from the calendar that he made with the trees,
• 14:36
  Speaker 3: and he holds it up in the light, and that's
• 14:38
  Speaker 3: how he determines it.
• 14:39
  Speaker 2: It's not true.
• 14:41
  Speaker 3: But what he did determine though, was which is really cool,
• 14:44
  Speaker 3: And this is sort of what we've been building toward,
• 14:46
  Speaker 3: is that most of your cells are about seven to
• 14:52
  Speaker 3: ten years old, yes, in the body, and there are variances,
• 14:55
  Speaker 3: and of course we're going to talk about all that,
• 14:57
  Speaker 3: and right after this break, we're going to give you
• 15:00
  Speaker 3: a little primer on cells.
• 15:02
  Speaker 2: So you know what all this means.
• 15:03
  Speaker 3: Right, All right, Josh, were promised to sell primer, and
• 15:28
  Speaker 3: we like to deliver on those promises.
• 15:29
  Speaker 2: Here stuff you should know.
• 15:31
  Speaker 3: So I guess we started off by saying there are
• 15:35
  Speaker 3: thirty seven trillion cells about in the human body. Yeah,
• 15:39
  Speaker 3: give or take, give or take, and water makes up
• 15:42
  Speaker 3: about two thirds of.
• 15:43
  Speaker 2: The weight of those cells. Oh yeah, that's right. They're tiny.
• 15:48
  Speaker 3: You need a microscope to see them, and it's like
• 15:51
  Speaker 3: it's the tiniest thing that can still reproduce.
• 15:54
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 15:54
  Speaker 3: And even though we have many different kinds of cells,
• 15:57
  Speaker 3: I think two hundred types, and within those cells there
• 16:01
  Speaker 3: are differences, but there are a lot of similarities with
• 16:04
  Speaker 3: all cells in their structure. Namely, they have a cell membrane,
• 16:09
  Speaker 3: they have a nucleus, have a nucleus, some have more
• 16:11
  Speaker 3: than one. And these membranes are what allows nutrients to
• 16:15
  Speaker 3: pass in and out, waste to pass out water through
• 16:18
  Speaker 3: osmosis travels in reverse, osmosis travels out.
• 16:25
  Speaker 1: Yeah.
• 16:27
  Speaker 3: And what else, We got your mitochondria as well. That's
• 16:30
  Speaker 3: where this is the important, really important thing, which is
• 16:33
  Speaker 3: basically what keeps your cells alive.
• 16:35
  Speaker 1: That's the power center, right.
• 16:37
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and that's you know, your cells need food to
• 16:41
  Speaker 3: live just like your body does. But you can't pass
• 16:43
  Speaker 3: that that hamburger straight into your cell, right. It needs
• 16:47
  Speaker 3: to be broken down so your cell can use.
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: It exactly into what adenosne triphosphate ATP is like the
• 16:56
  Speaker 1: universal cell fuel, right.
• 16:58
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 16:58
  Speaker 1: So there's a lot of stuff that the body does make.
• 17:02
  Speaker 1: I think you need like twenty three I think you
• 17:06
  Speaker 1: need twenty three amino acids, and like nine of them
• 17:09
  Speaker 1: your body doesn't really manufacture. So those are the nine
• 17:12
  Speaker 1: non essential amino acids, right. And you use amino acids
• 17:15
  Speaker 1: to build proteins, and use proteins for everything from making muscles,
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: to making red blood cells to you're mounting and immune response.
• 17:25
  Speaker 1: Proteins are very very vital in some of them you
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: have to build by eating stuff from your environment, right.
• 17:32
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 17:33
  Speaker 1: So you go out and you find yourself a nice
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: pig and you cut off its back leg. You say, sorry, pig,
• 17:38
  Speaker 1: here's a pig leg for you. But I need this leg.
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: I'm gonna eat this leg. And what I'm really eating
• 17:44
  Speaker 1: is the muscle. What I'm really really eating is the glutamine. Yeah,
• 17:48
  Speaker 1: and in my body's going to take this glutamine. It
• 17:50
  Speaker 1: can make it itself. But it doesn't hurt to have
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: an extra little bit of glutamine.
• 17:54
  Speaker 2: Yeah, it does to have that pig leg And you're
• 17:56
  Speaker 2: exactly right.
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: So I'm chomping on the pig legs. The pigs must
• 18:00
  Speaker 1: and listeners by the way, right, just use your imagination
• 18:02
  Speaker 1: for a second. Sure, And yes, I'm sorry too. So
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: you're eating the pig like and you're gaining this glutamine
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: as a result, and your body's metabolizing the glutamine and
• 18:13
  Speaker 1: then reusing it, right, And it can be glutamine, it
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: can be anything. If we're ingesting a protein, if we're
• 18:21
  Speaker 1: ingesting amino acids, if we're eating any kind of food, sugars, whatever,
• 18:25
  Speaker 1: our bodies break it down into its constituent parts, and
• 18:29
  Speaker 1: then a lot of those constituent parts become part of
• 18:33
  Speaker 1: our bodies. So if you think about it in this sense,
• 18:37
  Speaker 1: when we eat, when we breathe, we're taking in stuff
• 18:41
  Speaker 1: we need from the environment, and that stuff that we
• 18:45
  Speaker 1: take in from the environment becomes a part of us
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: literally physically on the molecular level, it becomes a part
• 18:50
  Speaker 1: of us.
• 18:51
  Speaker 2: For better or worse, depending on what it is. Of course.
• 18:53
  Speaker 1: Yeah, that's a great I think that's ultimately one of
• 18:56
  Speaker 1: the side lessons of this whole thing is we should
• 18:59
  Speaker 1: take care of ourvironment because that environment becomes us and
• 19:03
  Speaker 1: we either suffer or thrive as a result of it.
• 19:05
  Speaker 2: You ever heard the expression you are what you eat?
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: Exactly?
• 19:08
  Speaker 2: Know, you literally are what.
• 19:09
  Speaker 1: You eat, quite literally. And then also chuck, it goes
• 19:13
  Speaker 1: the other way as well. When we excrete waste, when
• 19:17
  Speaker 1: we exhale CO two that's taken up by other things
• 19:20
  Speaker 1: in the environment, is deposited into the environment and it
• 19:23
  Speaker 1: becomes part of the environment itself. So not only do
• 19:27
  Speaker 1: we regenerate our cells, regenerate tissue on average seven to
• 19:33
  Speaker 1: ten years, become almost wholly a new version of ourselves.
• 19:41
  Speaker 1: Were also the boundary between us and the surrounding environment
• 19:47
  Speaker 1: is really nonexistent because there's a constant exchange of molecules.
• 19:53
  Speaker 3: Yeah, we lose on average, they say nine the average
• 19:57
  Speaker 3: adult male loses ninety six million cells per minute, But
• 20:03
  Speaker 3: we also replace those at the rate of ninety six
• 20:07
  Speaker 3: million per minute, yeah roughly.
• 20:09
  Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, so that's the good news.
• 20:12
  Speaker 1: So we've got all these cells that we're losing. We've
• 20:14
  Speaker 1: got all these new cells that are replacing them. And
• 20:16
  Speaker 1: I think, like you said earlier before the break, that
• 20:19
  Speaker 1: these the different types of cells and then hence different
• 20:24
  Speaker 1: tissues regenerate at a different rate, right.
• 20:27
  Speaker 3: Yeah, And they all have specialized jobs, and the cells
• 20:30
  Speaker 3: are often built in such a way to aid that
• 20:34
  Speaker 3: job physically, you know, different to make that job easier.
• 20:38
  Speaker 2: Which is really cool too, right, shows how versatile they are.
• 20:42
  Speaker 1: Yes, you know, like stem cells are very versatile.
• 20:45
  Speaker 2: Super.
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: So let's say your skin, Yeah, your skin regenerates every
• 20:51
  Speaker 1: two to four weeks. I think, yeah, exactly, you get
• 20:54
  Speaker 1: a new healthy coating of skin every two to four
• 20:58
  Speaker 1: weeks because you're epithal cells are particularly good at regenerating themselves.
• 21:04
  Speaker 3: That's right, And that is well, I guess that would
• 21:07
  Speaker 3: fall on the low side, obviously, if we're talking seven
• 21:11
  Speaker 3: to ten years. On the super low side, you have
• 21:14
  Speaker 3: the cells that line like you're intestine in your gut,
• 21:17
  Speaker 3: and those things don't last long at all because it's
• 21:20
  Speaker 3: such a harsh environment. You know, you wouldn't expect them
• 21:23
  Speaker 3: to last like weeks and months and years.
• 21:26
  Speaker 1: I think, how long is it? Five days?
• 21:28
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's nothing but the.
• 21:29
  Speaker 1: Structure of your guts that are beneath that membrane lining
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: that turns over five days. They last about fifteen years.
• 21:39
  Speaker 3: Yeah, it's such a like a beautiful, elegant system. Yeah,
• 21:44
  Speaker 3: that we have right to keep us alive. Red blood
• 21:47
  Speaker 3: cells last about one hundred and twenty days. But then
• 21:50
  Speaker 3: you have things like cells in your bone which actually
• 21:54
  Speaker 3: regenerate as well, so your bones are over time, over
• 21:58
  Speaker 3: a much longer period of time, actually becoming I mean,
• 22:01
  Speaker 3: I hate to call them new bones, but they kind
• 22:04
  Speaker 3: of are, you know.
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: Well, yeah, I mean compare if you took your femur
• 22:10
  Speaker 1: and somehow compared it to your femur when you were
• 22:13
  Speaker 1: fifteen years old, Like, they are two totally different bones.
• 22:17
  Speaker 1: Even though they're your bones. They were in the same place,
• 22:20
  Speaker 1: growing in the same person with the same DNA. There's
• 22:23
  Speaker 1: still different bones because they're made of different cells. Ten
• 22:27
  Speaker 1: years or so for the bones, yeah, something like that.
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: For the human skeleton, three hundred to five hundred days.
• 22:33
  Speaker 1: For the liver, very important organ it is. And one
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: of the other cool things about the liver is it's
• 22:39
  Speaker 1: just gangbusters that regenerating itself. You can apparently cut out
• 22:44
  Speaker 1: ninety five percent of a person's liver, and it will
• 22:47
  Speaker 1: grow back, and you won't have full function, but it
• 22:49
  Speaker 1: will function, and you'll survive with just five percent of
• 22:54
  Speaker 1: your liver.
• 22:54
  Speaker 2: It's pretty amazing, actually.
• 22:56
  Speaker 1: Yeah, because it will just grow right back, kind of
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: like a hornet's nest.
• 23:01
  Speaker 3: Interestingly, the inner lens cells of your eye form and
• 23:07
  Speaker 3: your embryo and basically don't change. Yeah, now, is that
• 23:11
  Speaker 3: why you have suffered from degeneration and vision?
• 23:14
  Speaker 1: That's what I would guess.
• 23:15
  Speaker 2: Is that the reason?
• 23:16
  Speaker 1: Yes, so the reason so with the corneal lens, Chuck.
• 23:19
  Speaker 1: When you're when you're born, when you're conceived, right, you
• 23:23
  Speaker 1: are a cell of coross that divides. Finally, once that
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: first division takes place, those corneal cells, they're set in stone.
• 23:32
  Speaker 1: Like your corneal cells are as old as you are,
• 23:36
  Speaker 1: same age as you. Other cells that make up different
• 23:39
  Speaker 1: parts of the eyes they're far newer. But your corneal cells,
• 23:43
  Speaker 1: your cerebral cortex cells, they think.
• 23:46
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that's the one I mentioned. The brain and the
• 23:49
  Speaker 3: heart muscles, those are the two big ones. Because obviously
• 23:52
  Speaker 3: the reason we have diseases like Alzheimer's and dementia are
• 23:57
  Speaker 3: because the cerebral cortex has long a thought to not
• 24:01
  Speaker 3: regenerate cells at all.
• 24:02
  Speaker 1: Yeah.
• 24:03
  Speaker 3: Now I think they believe that they do in a
• 24:08
  Speaker 3: very small number.
• 24:10
  Speaker 1: Or different reasons, like the old factory bulb supposedly does. Yeah,
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: in the hippocampus, so we can learn new things. Their
• 24:16
  Speaker 1: sense of smell can be refined over time.
• 24:19
  Speaker 3: Yeah, And I think isn't that also the reason the
• 24:20
  Speaker 3: smell is very much tied to your memory, probably like
• 24:26
  Speaker 3: a smell can conjure up a memory more clearly. Yeah,
• 24:30
  Speaker 3: but the cerebral quartets itself, they don't think.
• 24:35
  Speaker 2: Who was her name?
• 24:36
  Speaker 3: Elizabeth Gould of Princeton did a lot of work on
• 24:39
  Speaker 3: this because it was just basically set in stone for
• 24:43
  Speaker 3: years like, no, it doesn't happen. And she did a
• 24:45
  Speaker 3: lot of work over the years trying to prove that
• 24:48
  Speaker 3: it did using tracer studies. And I think that where
• 24:52
  Speaker 3: they are now as they think it does.
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: Some yeah here there, here there.
• 24:57
  Speaker 3: But obviously we still have to mention Alzheimer, so it's
• 24:59
  Speaker 3: not it doesn't regenerate like the rest of the body,
• 25:01
  Speaker 3: not even close.
• 25:02
  Speaker 1: Yeah. Alzheimer's also maybe produced I guess by plaques and
• 25:07
  Speaker 1: member plaque build up in between your neurons that keep
• 25:10
  Speaker 1: them from firing as well.
• 25:11
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that's it seems like we're so close to figuring
• 25:14
  Speaker 3: out the secret, you know. Yeah, to uh, I don't
• 25:18
  Speaker 3: know about not dying ever. I'm not talking immortality, but
• 25:24
  Speaker 3: living much longer lives.
• 25:26
  Speaker 1: Well, let's talk about that because all of this stuff
• 25:29
  Speaker 1: kind of leads to that question, if we regenerate so often,
• 25:32
  Speaker 1: why do we die? And we'll address that right after this.
• 25:56
  Speaker 1: All right, So, Chuck, there's this kind of there's this
• 26:00
  Speaker 1: idea that if we are regenerating ourselves every seven to
• 26:04
  Speaker 1: ten years, we're like the vast majority of our body
• 26:07
  Speaker 1: cells regenerate, why do we age and why do we die?
• 26:13
  Speaker 1: It doesn't it doesn't really make sense in that respect.
• 26:15
  Speaker 3: Yeah, it's what they think is it has to do
• 26:18
  Speaker 3: with your DNA actually in the cell. Our cells as
• 26:22
  Speaker 3: we age, even the new ones that get replaced, which
• 26:24
  Speaker 3: really stinks, Yeah, become what they call cinicent, which means
• 26:29
  Speaker 3: that they can't divide any longer. We've talked about the
• 26:32
  Speaker 3: Hayflick limit before, or replicative centizence is basically how many
• 26:38
  Speaker 3: times your cells can divide over its lifetime. Yeah, and
• 26:42
  Speaker 3: I think like a fibroblast, which is the cells of
• 26:45
  Speaker 3: the connective tissue in mammals, it's about fifty cell divisions. Yeah,
• 26:49
  Speaker 3: and then it hits that point of centicence and it
• 26:52
  Speaker 3: starts sending out repair signals to your body that aren't necessary,
• 26:56
  Speaker 3: and that causes inflammation.
• 26:59
  Speaker 2: And we've talked about inflammation kind of being the.
• 27:01
  Speaker 3: Source of most most of the original problems that will
• 27:06
  Speaker 3: eventually lead to your death.
• 27:08
  Speaker 2: Yeah, you know.
• 27:09
  Speaker 3: Yeah, something becomes inflamed and leads to all kinds of problems.
• 27:13
  Speaker 3: There's no repair needed, so it's a false signal. So
• 27:15
  Speaker 3: they're trying to come up with drugs. Now, there's one
• 27:19
  Speaker 3: called wrap a micene that tries to stop the cells
• 27:24
  Speaker 3: from sending out those false signals, which is amazing.
• 27:27
  Speaker 1: Yeah, that would be wonderful.
• 27:29
  Speaker 2: You know.
• 27:30
  Speaker 1: There's another explanation for it as well as that when
• 27:34
  Speaker 1: our cells divide, especially over time as we age, they're
• 27:38
  Speaker 1: basically making photocopies of themselves. Yeah, and you ultimately, years
• 27:44
  Speaker 1: down the road, end up making photocopies of photocopies, right,
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: and those don't tend to pan out very well. So
• 27:51
  Speaker 1: as far as analogies go, that one kind of makes
• 27:53
  Speaker 1: sense that, yes, we have brand new cells, but the
• 27:57
  Speaker 1: DNA copies, the DNA blueprints that they're based on it
• 28:02
  Speaker 1: have seen better days. Yeah, many years back, you know.
• 28:05
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that makes sense. That's a good way to say it.
• 28:07
  Speaker 2: We also talked a little bit about whether or not
• 28:11
  Speaker 2: the heart muscle itself.
• 28:14
  Speaker 3: Replenishes itself in the cells, and for a long time
• 28:18
  Speaker 3: they had no idea. But now thanks to our buddy
• 28:22
  Speaker 3: doctor Frisson, his pretty much. I don't even think we
• 28:26
  Speaker 3: said what his who he works with?
• 28:28
  Speaker 2: Did we?
• 28:30
  Speaker 1: No?
• 28:31
  Speaker 2: He works with the with a K. Karolinska team.
• 28:34
  Speaker 3: Oh yeah, just like incredible scientists that are making like
• 28:38
  Speaker 3: amazing advancements and trying to figure the stuff out. But
• 28:41
  Speaker 3: they did, in fact find that the heart does replace
• 28:44
  Speaker 3: itself the muscle cells. About one percent of the heart
• 28:46
  Speaker 3: muscles were replaced every year at age twenty five, and
• 28:49
  Speaker 3: that falls over your lifetime to less than half a
• 28:51
  Speaker 3: percent per year by the age seventy five.
• 28:54
  Speaker 1: I spoke too soon. That does make sense.
• 28:56
  Speaker 3: Yeah, So what they basically said is about half of
• 28:59
  Speaker 3: your heart's muscle.
• 29:00
  Speaker 2: Cells will be exchanged during a normal lifetime.
• 29:04
  Speaker 1: Okay, which is okay, it is, but as it's slowing
• 29:07
  Speaker 1: down over time, I mean the heart's kind of essential.
• 29:10
  Speaker 3: Yeah, but they're hoping again to develop drugs that can
• 29:13
  Speaker 3: accelerate that process too. Yeah, And I don't know how
• 29:16
  Speaker 3: far along they are on that.
• 29:17
  Speaker 2: But that'd be amazing.
• 29:20
  Speaker 1: So there's this whole thing that kind of came up
• 29:23
  Speaker 1: to me man like that I don't all of this
• 29:26
  Speaker 1: raises this question to me, right, Yeah, if you look
• 29:29
  Speaker 1: at like you or me or any living things as
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: an investment, like a molecular investment in the ability to reproduce, right, Okay,
• 29:42
  Speaker 1: once you finish your reproductive age, then it does make
• 29:47
  Speaker 1: sense that you would just kind of there would be
• 29:49
  Speaker 1: built in this mechanism of aging and then death and
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: then decay, which is what we do. Yeah, we return
• 29:58
  Speaker 1: back to the earth. To put it in kind of
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: biblical terms, there's like that whole ashes to ashes, dust
• 30:02
  Speaker 1: to dust thing. Sure, it is very very true. And
• 30:05
  Speaker 1: if you look at us, and you look at all
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: living things as something that exchanges molecules with the external environment,
• 30:17
  Speaker 1: takes them in, puts them out right, and you look
• 30:21
  Speaker 1: at us as all connected in that sense, like we're
• 30:24
  Speaker 1: just like a plant exactly, or we're just like a rock,
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: like we're all that stuff, and those things are us
• 30:30
  Speaker 1: because we're able to exchange basic ingredients. Then it makes
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: total sense that a person would come together, be conceived,
• 30:40
  Speaker 1: start dividing as cells, you know, make more of itself,
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: and then start to age and then die and decay,
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: and then it would give something else a chance to
• 30:48
  Speaker 1: come up from that again. Right, sure, but then it
• 30:51
  Speaker 1: makes you it makes you wonder, what's the point of that?
• 30:55
  Speaker 2: What do you mean?
• 30:56
  Speaker 1: Like, think about it. If we're just the same as plants, Like.
• 30:59
  Speaker 2: Why are we all here? Yeah?
• 31:00
  Speaker 1: Like, if we're if the whole point is to just
• 31:03
  Speaker 1: basically recycle materials, because we are just recycling stuff from
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: the environment, and we're recycled as we die and decay,
• 31:11
  Speaker 1: what is the point? Is our point just to be
• 31:14
  Speaker 1: part of the carbon cycle, So we're moving carbon in
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: and out of ourselves, in and out of the environment,
• 31:20
  Speaker 1: moving it around. Or I don't understand what the point
• 31:24
  Speaker 1: is of life? I guess is what I'm saying here
• 31:25
  Speaker 1: in nihilis No, I'm not saying I don't believe that
• 31:28
  Speaker 1: there isn't a point. I'm just curious what it is,
• 31:32
  Speaker 1: because it because if we are the same as any
• 31:35
  Speaker 1: other living thing, and the definition of living is an
• 31:39
  Speaker 1: exchange with an active exchange with the surrounding environment. They're
• 31:44
  Speaker 1: breathing through, eating whatever. Yes. Then and then if you
• 31:51
  Speaker 1: kind of take that a little further and say, well,
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: clearly we're meant to like reproduce or something like that,
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: and then after that we age and die, what's the point?
• 32:01
  Speaker 1: Like why not just have one species of living thing? Yeah,
• 32:05
  Speaker 1: and just let that do all of your carbon recycling
• 32:08
  Speaker 1: or whatever.
• 32:09
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I think are you about to quit the show?
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: Yeah?
• 32:15
  Speaker 2: I see what you mean.
• 32:15
  Speaker 3: Like, if we look at ourselves as a purely mechanical
• 32:20
  Speaker 3: serving a purely mechanical function right on the planet.
• 32:23
  Speaker 1: Like we are to the carbon cycle, what say, evaporation
• 32:27
  Speaker 1: is to the rain cycle, Like we're a means of
• 32:30
  Speaker 1: moving something along.
• 32:32
  Speaker 3: Well, I think that's when you, man, this is getting philosophical.
• 32:35
  Speaker 3: I think that's when you start getting into questions of
• 32:38
  Speaker 3: the soul.
• 32:39
  Speaker 1: Well, yeah, I mean it kind of makes you wonder like, well,
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: why would there be more than one species? It will
• 32:44
  Speaker 1: be much more efficient to just have one, maybe two.
• 32:47
  Speaker 1: There's all these different ones, so why.
• 32:49
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 32:50
  Speaker 1: The fact that that why is just sitting there and
• 32:52
  Speaker 1: flashing neon lights definitely made me wonder basically the opposite.
• 32:57
  Speaker 1: It's made me think in a different direction and then nihilistically.
• 33:02
  Speaker 3: Like, we're only here for so long, and so if
• 33:04
  Speaker 3: there is the point is to like make the most
• 33:08
  Speaker 3: of your time.
• 33:08
  Speaker 1: Well, I think that's a separate that's a separate part
• 33:11
  Speaker 1: of it. Yeah, because no matter what conclusion you come to,
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: whether Nope, we're just a means of recycling carbon and
• 33:17
  Speaker 1: that is it. Yeah, kind of like a Gaia theory
• 33:20
  Speaker 1: view of things. Or if you say no, like the
• 33:25
  Speaker 1: fact that we're inefficient and redundant as far as that
• 33:29
  Speaker 1: carbon recycling thing goes, suggests that maybe there is a
• 33:32
  Speaker 1: higher purpose to us. Either way, I feel like you
• 33:36
  Speaker 1: come to the conclusion or you should come to the
• 33:38
  Speaker 1: conclusion that the one thing we do know is that
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: we are here right now, and the best thing we
• 33:44
  Speaker 1: can do is make the absolute best of it for
• 33:47
  Speaker 1: ourselves and for other people as well.
• 33:49
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and there are probably others out there that think
• 33:51
  Speaker 3: the whole point is to make as much cash as
• 33:53
  Speaker 3: you can, sure you can buy products.
• 33:55
  Speaker 2: Yeah, Edward Burnez would.
• 33:57
  Speaker 3: Probably say that, Yes he would, and he lived that
• 34:00
  Speaker 3: way in Man, that's interesting. I think we should I'd
• 34:03
  Speaker 3: love to tackle something philosophical and deep.
• 34:06
  Speaker 1: Like the soul meaning of life.
• 34:08
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that'd be tough.
• 34:09
  Speaker 3: I mean that'd be cool, though, it would be cool.
• 34:11
  Speaker 3: We don't delve into that very much.
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: No, we should. I'd like to do that. And consciousness
• 34:16
  Speaker 1: that's a really interesting one too, Like it doesn't make
• 34:19
  Speaker 1: any sense.
• 34:20
  Speaker 3: It's a very trippy way forward for this show. Yeah,
• 34:22
  Speaker 3: we're gonna start getting weird.
• 34:23
  Speaker 1: I took a lot of acid this morning. So, oh
• 34:26
  Speaker 1: that's great if you want to know more about some
• 34:31
  Speaker 1: just weird trippy stuff. How stuff works has a surprising
• 34:35
  Speaker 1: amount of it on there. I don't know. Just try
• 34:38
  Speaker 1: typing the word trippy into the search bar. You can
• 34:41
  Speaker 1: also type does your body really replace itself? Every seven years?
• 34:44
  Speaker 1: And it'll bring up this cool article. And I think
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: I said search bar at some point in time. So
• 34:49
  Speaker 1: how about some listener mail?
• 34:53
  Speaker 2: I like how you specified you took a lot of.
• 34:55
  Speaker 1: Acid just a little yeah, a lot fun of it?
• 35:00
  Speaker 3: All right, I'm gonna call this multiple We got like
• 35:03
  Speaker 3: a bunch of emails in one day about people picking
• 35:07
  Speaker 3: at our grammar and things. Oh yeah, so I'm just
• 35:10
  Speaker 3: decided to read three of them because they're short. Hey, guys,
• 35:13
  Speaker 3: I generally enjoy the episodes, but you do have one
• 35:18
  Speaker 3: issue with your grammar and noun verb agreement. You tend
• 35:21
  Speaker 3: to say there are many lines of evidence or there's
• 35:24
  Speaker 3: lots of experiment showing instead of there are not there
• 35:28
  Speaker 3: is when the pronoun refers to a little subject. Check
• 35:32
  Speaker 3: yourselves next time.
• 35:33
  Speaker 2: Guys. You typically make the mistake about ten times every show.
• 35:37
  Speaker 1: Why don't you go recycle some carbon power?
• 35:40
  Speaker 2: That's from Kim Keller in Temple Tariffs, Florida.
• 35:43
  Speaker 1: Thanks.
• 35:45
  Speaker 3: I always like to pick apart their emails too, about
• 35:48
  Speaker 3: because people usually make a mistake or two in their
• 35:50
  Speaker 3: own emails.
• 35:52
  Speaker 2: Hey, guys, this one's from Blair. I love the show.
• 35:54
  Speaker 2: I hate to be nitpicky.
• 35:56
  Speaker 1: They always say that, don't yeah right.
• 35:58
  Speaker 3: Before they nitpick, But I have a grammar direction. It's
• 36:00
  Speaker 3: been bugging me for months, and Stonehinge was a major offender.
• 36:04
  Speaker 3: At least one of you not naming names frequently used
• 36:07
  Speaker 3: the word further when you really mean farther. The latter
• 36:10
  Speaker 3: term is used for literal distances. Further is only supposed
• 36:14
  Speaker 3: to be used figuratively.
• 36:16
  Speaker 1: Huh.
• 36:17
  Speaker 2: I didn't know that, Okay, so thanks Blair.
• 36:19
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and then the last one, Phil who was an
• 36:22
  Speaker 3: English and grammar pronunciation freak. He says, hey, guys, when
• 36:26
  Speaker 3: there's an Italian word, you take your time to pronounce
• 36:28
  Speaker 3: it properly. The same with Japanese in the Far East
• 36:31
  Speaker 3: in general. So why don't you extend that same courtesy
• 36:33
  Speaker 3: to English.
• 36:34
  Speaker 1: Words because we're masters of the language.
• 36:36
  Speaker 3: And I mean words actually in the UK vernacular, not
• 36:39
  Speaker 3: American English. Salisbury, No, it's Salisbury, the Marlborough Downs, Nope,
• 36:46
  Speaker 3: marl bro Downs.
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: Well, we're using the American vernacular because we're in America
• 36:53
  Speaker 1: and recording as American.
• 36:55
  Speaker 2: That's from Phil.
• 36:57
  Speaker 1: I had I addressed all those I think.
• 36:59
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I think so. I feel good about it.
• 37:01
  Speaker 1: I think it's good and very big of you two
• 37:03
  Speaker 1: have read those as listener mail. Why not nice job.
• 37:06
  Speaker 3: Man, Yeah, we just we don't profess to talk gooder
• 37:09
  Speaker 3: than other people. We just do our little thing here
• 37:12
  Speaker 3: in the studio, send it out into the world nice
• 37:15
  Speaker 3: for people to pick apart.
• 37:17
  Speaker 1: What we're doing is we're creating grammatical tableaus like that
• 37:21
  Speaker 1: Highlights magazine where it's like pick out the things that
• 37:24
  Speaker 1: don't belong. Yeah, that's what we're doing for you, guys.
• 37:27
  Speaker 3: Yeah, keep you entertaining if you didn't have something to
• 37:28
  Speaker 3: complain about it, it'd be so boring.
• 37:30
  Speaker 1: Yeah, if you want to nitpick or compliment or suggest
• 37:36
  Speaker 1: something whatever. If you want to get in touch with
• 37:38
  Speaker 1: us for any reason, you can do that by tweeting
• 37:40
  Speaker 1: to sysk Podcasts. You can join us on Facebook dot com,
• 37:44
  Speaker 1: slash Stuff you Should Know. You can send us an
• 37:46
  Speaker 1: email to stuff podcast at house stuffworks dot com, and
• 37:49
  Speaker 1: as always, joined us at our homeown the web, stuff
• 37:51
  Speaker 1: youshould Know dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a
• 37:56
  Speaker 1: production of iHeartRadio.
• 37:58
  Speaker 3: For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app,
• 38:01
  Speaker 3: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows,