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08 - Journey of Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca by Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca · Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

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Speaker 1: Section seven of the Journey of Alvar Nunis Cabsea Devaca
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Speaker 1: and his Companions from Florida to the Pacific, fifteen twenty eight,
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Speaker 1: fifteen thirty six. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
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Speaker 1: recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
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Speaker 1: to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Sue Anderson,
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Speaker 1: The Journey of Alvar Nunis Cabese Devaca and his Companions
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Speaker 1: from Florida to the Pacific, fifteen twenty eight, fifteen thirty six,
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Speaker 1: translated by Fanny Bandolier. Section seven. The whole night they
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Speaker 1: spent in celebration in dancing, and the next morning they
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Speaker 1: brought us every living soul of that village to be
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Speaker 1: touched by us and to have the cross made over them,
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Speaker 1: as with the others. Then they gave to the women
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Speaker 1: of the other village, who had come with their own
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Speaker 1: a great many arrows. The next day we went on
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Speaker 1: and all the people of that village with us, and
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Speaker 1: when we came to other Indians, were as well received
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Speaker 1: as anywhere in the past. They also gave us of
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Speaker 1: what they had and the deer they had killed during
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Speaker 1: the day. Among these we saw a new custom. Those
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Speaker 1: who were with us took away from those people who
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Speaker 1: came to get cured their bows and arrows, their shoes
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Speaker 1: and beads, if they wore any, and placed them before
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Speaker 1: us to induce us to cure the sick. As soon
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Speaker 1: as these had been treated, they went away, contented and
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Speaker 1: saying they felt well. So we left there, also going
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Speaker 1: to others by whom we were also very well received,
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Speaker 1: and they brought us their sick, who, after we had
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Speaker 1: made the sign of the Cross over them, would say
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Speaker 1: they were healed. And he who did not get well
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Speaker 1: still believed we might cure him. And what the others
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Speaker 1: whom we had treated told they rejoiced and danced so
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Speaker 1: much as not to let us sleep. After we left those,
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Speaker 1: we went to many other lodges. But thence on there
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Speaker 1: prevailed a new custom. While we were received very well everywhere,
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Speaker 1: those who came with us would treat those who received
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Speaker 1: us badly, taking away their belongings and plundering their homes
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Speaker 1: without leaving them anything. It grieved us very much to
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Speaker 1: see how those who were so good to us were abused. Besides,
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Speaker 1: we dreaded lest this behavior might cause trouble and strife,
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Speaker 1: but as we could not venture to interfere or punish
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Speaker 1: the transgressors, we had to wait until we might have
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Speaker 1: more authority over them. Furthermore, the sufferers themselves, noticing how
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Speaker 1: we felt, comforted us by saying we should not worry
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Speaker 1: that they were so happy at seeing us as to
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Speaker 1: gladly lose their own, considering it to be well employed.
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Speaker 1: And besides that, further on they would repay themselves from
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Speaker 1: other Indians who were very rich. On that whole journey
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Speaker 1: we were much worried by the number of people following us.
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Speaker 1: We could not escape them, although we tried, because they
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Speaker 1: were so anxious to touch us and so obtrusive that
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Speaker 1: in three hours we could not get through with them.
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Speaker 1: The following day they brought us all the people of
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Speaker 1: the village. Most of them had one eye clouded, while
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Speaker 1: others were totally blind from the same cause, at which
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Speaker 1: we were amazed. They are well built, of very good physique,
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Speaker 1: and whiter than any we had met until then. There
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Speaker 1: we began to see mountains, and it seemed as if
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Speaker 1: they swept down from the direction of the North Sea.
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Speaker 1: And so from what the Indians told us, we believe
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Speaker 1: they are fifteen leagues from the ocean. From there we
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Speaker 1: went with the Indians towards the mountains aforesaid, and they
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Speaker 1: took us to some of their relatives. They did not
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Speaker 1: want to lead us anywhere but to their own people,
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Speaker 1: so as to prevent their enemies from having any share
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Speaker 1: in the great boon, which, as they fancied it was
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Speaker 1: to see us. And as soon as we would arrive,
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Speaker 1: those who went with us would sack the houses of
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Speaker 1: the others. But as these knew of the custom before
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Speaker 1: our coming, they hid some of their chattels, and after
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Speaker 1: receiving us with much rejoicing, they took out the things
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Speaker 1: which they had concealed and presented them to us. These
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Speaker 1: were beads and ochre, and several little bags of silver. We,
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Speaker 1: following the custom, turned the gifts immediately over to the
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Speaker 1: Indians who had come in our company, And after they
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Speaker 1: had given these presents, they began their dances and celebrations,
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Speaker 1: and sent for others from another village near by to
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Speaker 1: come and look at us. In the afternoon, they all
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Speaker 1: came and brought us beads, bows and other little things,
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Speaker 1: which we also distributed. The next day, as we were
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Speaker 1: going to leave. They all wanted to take us to
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Speaker 1: others of their friends who dwelt on the spur of
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Speaker 1: the mountains. They said there were a great many lodges
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Speaker 1: and people who would give us much, But as it
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Speaker 1: was out of our way, we did not want to
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Speaker 1: go there, and continued on the plain, though near the mountains,
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Speaker 1: thinking them to be not far from the coast. All
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Speaker 1: the people there are very bad, and we preferred to
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Speaker 1: cross the country, as further inland they were better inclined
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Speaker 1: and treated us better. We also felt sure to find
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Speaker 1: the country more thickly settled and with more resources. Finally,
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Speaker 1: we did it, because in crossing the country we would
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Speaker 1: see much more of its particulars, so that in case
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Speaker 1: God our Lord, should be pleased to spare one of us,
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Speaker 1: and taking back to a land of Christians, he might
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Speaker 1: give an account of it. When the Indians saw we
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Speaker 1: were determined not to go whither they wanted, they said
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Speaker 1: that nobody lived where we intended to go. Neither were
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Speaker 1: their tunas nor any other food, and they entreated us
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Speaker 1: to tarry one day longer with them, to which we consented.
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Speaker 1: Two Indians were sent out to look for people on
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Speaker 1: our proposed route. The next day we departed, taking many
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Speaker 1: of them along the women carrying water, and so great
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Speaker 1: had become our authority that none dared to drink without
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Speaker 1: our permission. After going two leagues, we met the men
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Speaker 1: sent out in search of people, but who had not
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Speaker 1: found any. At this the Indians seemed to show grief
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Speaker 1: and again begged us to take the way of the mountains,
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Speaker 1: but we persisted, and seeing this, they took mournful leave
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Speaker 1: of us and turned back down the river to their homes,
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Speaker 1: while we proceeded along the stream upwards. Soon we met
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Speaker 1: two women carrying loads. As they descried us, they stood still,
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Speaker 1: put down their loads, and brought us of what these contained,
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Speaker 1: which was cornmeal, and told us that higher up on
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Speaker 1: the river we would meet with dwellings plenty of tunas,
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Speaker 1: and of that same meat. We left them as they
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Speaker 1: were going to those from whom we had just taken leave,
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Speaker 1: and walked on until at sunset we reached a village
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Speaker 1: of about twenty lodges, where they received us with tears
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Speaker 1: and deep sorrow. They already knew that wherever we arrived,
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Speaker 1: the people would be robbed and plundered by those in
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Speaker 1: our company. But seeing us alone, they lost their fear
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Speaker 1: and gave us tunas, though nothing else. We stayed there
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Speaker 1: over night. At daybreak, the same Indians we had left
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Speaker 1: the day before surprised the lodges, and as the people
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Speaker 1: were unprepared in fancied security and had neither time nor
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Speaker 1: place to hide anything, they were stripped of all their chattels,
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Speaker 1: at which they wept bitterly in consolation. The robbers told
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Speaker 1: them that we were children of the sun and had
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Speaker 1: the power to cure or kill, and other lies bigger
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Speaker 1: even than those which they invent to suit their purposes.
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Speaker 1: They also enjoined them to treat us with great reverence
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Speaker 1: and be careful not to arouse our wrath, to give
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Speaker 1: us all they had, and guide us to where there
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Speaker 1: were many people, and that wherever we should come to,
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Speaker 1: they should steal and rob everything the others had, such
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Speaker 1: being the custom. After giving these instructions and teaching the
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Speaker 1: people how to behave they returned and left us with
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Speaker 1: these Indians, who, mindful of what the others had said,
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Speaker 1: began to treat us with the same respect and awe,
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Speaker 1: and we traveled in their company for three days. They
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Speaker 1: took us to where there were many Indians, and went
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Speaker 1: ahead to tell them of our coming, repeating what they
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Speaker 1: had heard and adding much more to it. For all
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Speaker 1: these Indians are great gossipers and liars, particularly when they
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Speaker 1: think it to be to their benefit. As we neared
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Speaker 1: the lodges, all the inmates came out to receive us
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Speaker 1: with much rejoicing and display, and among other things, two
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Speaker 1: of their medicine men gave us two gourds. Thence onward
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Speaker 1: we carried gourds, which added greatly to our authority, since
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Speaker 1: they hold these ceremonial objects very high. Our companion sacked
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Speaker 1: the dwellings, but as there were many, and they only
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Speaker 1: few in number, they could not carry away all they took,
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Speaker 1: so that more than half was left to waste. Thence
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Speaker 1: we turned inland for more than fifty li leagues, following
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Speaker 1: the slopes of the mountains, and at the end of
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Speaker 1: them met forty dwellings. There, among other things which they
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Speaker 1: gave us, andres Dorantes got a big rattle of copper,
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Speaker 1: large on which was represented a face, and which they
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Speaker 1: held in great esteem. They said it had been obtained
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Speaker 1: from some of their neighbors. Upon asking these whence it
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Speaker 1: had come, they claimed to have brought it from the north,
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Speaker 1: where there was much of it and highly prized. We
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Speaker 1: understood that wherever it might have come from, there must
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Speaker 1: be foundries, and that metal was cast in molds. Leaving
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Speaker 1: on the next day, we crossed a mountain seven leagues long,
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Speaker 1: the stones of which were iron slags. At night we
10:48
Speaker 1: came to many dwellings situated on the banks of a
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Speaker 1: very beautiful river. The inmates of these abodes came to
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Speaker 1: receive us half ways with their children on their backs.
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Speaker 1: They gave us a number of pouches with silver and
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Speaker 1: powdered antimony or lead with which they paint their faces,
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Speaker 1: and many beads and robes of cowskins, and loaded those
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Speaker 1: who came with us with all their chattels. These people
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Speaker 1: ate tunas and pine nuts. There are in that country
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Speaker 1: small trees of the sweet pine, the cones of which
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Speaker 1: are like small eggs. But the nuts are better than
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Speaker 1: those of castilla, because the husks are thin when still green.
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Speaker 1: They grind them and make balls that are eaten when dried.
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Speaker 1: They grind the nuts with the husks and eat them
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Speaker 1: as meal. And those who received us, as soon as
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Speaker 1: they had touched our bodies returned to their houses on
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Speaker 1: a run, then came again, and never stopped running back
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Speaker 1: and forth. In this way. They brought us a great
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Speaker 1: many things for our journey. Here they brought to me
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Speaker 1: a man who they told a long time ago had
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Speaker 1: been shot through the left side of the back with
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Speaker 1: an arrow, the head of which stuck close to his heart.
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Speaker 1: He said it gave him much pain, and that on
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Speaker 1: this account he was sick. I touched the region of
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Speaker 1: the body and felt the arrow head, and that it
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Speaker 1: had pierced the cartilage. So with the knife I cut
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Speaker 1: open the breast as far as the place. The arrow
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Speaker 1: point had gotten a thwart, and was very difficult to remove.
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Speaker 1: By cutting deeper and inserting the point of the knife,
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Speaker 1: with great difficulty, I got it out. It was very long,
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Speaker 1: then with a dear bone. According to my knowledge of surgery,
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Speaker 1: I made two stitches. After I had extracted the arrow,
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Speaker 1: they begged me for it, and I gave it to them.
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Speaker 1: The whole village came back to look at it, and
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Speaker 1: they sent it further inland that the people there might
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Speaker 1: see it. Also, on account of this cure, they made
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Speaker 1: many dances and festivities, as is their custom. The next
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Speaker 1: day I cut the stitches, and the Indian was well.
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Speaker 1: The cut I had made only showed a scar like
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Speaker 1: a lion in the palm of the hand, and he
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Speaker 1: said that he felt not the least pain. Now this
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Speaker 1: cure gave us such fame among them all over the country,
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Speaker 1: as they were capable of conceiving and respecting. We showed
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Speaker 1: them our rattle, and they told us that where it
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Speaker 1: had come from there were a great many sheets of
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Speaker 1: the same metal buried, that it was a thing they
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Speaker 1: valued highly, and that there were fixed abodes at the place.
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Speaker 1: We believe it to be near the South Sea, for
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Speaker 1: we always heard that sea was richer in metal than
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Speaker 1: the one of the North. After leaving these people, we
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Speaker 1: traveled among so many different tribes and languages that nobody's
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Speaker 1: memory can recall them all. And always they robbed each other,
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Speaker 1: but those who lost and those who gained were equally content.
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Speaker 1: The number of our companions became so large that we
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Speaker 1: could no longer control them. Going through these valleys, each
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Speaker 1: Indian carried a club three palms in length. They all
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Speaker 1: moved in a front, and whenever a hare, of which
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Speaker 1: there are many, jumped up, they closed in upon the
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Speaker 1: game and rained such blows upon it that it was
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Speaker 1: amazing to see. Thus they drove the hare from one
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Speaker 1: to the other, and to my fancy, it was the
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Speaker 1: most agreeable chase that could be thought of. For many
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Speaker 1: a time they would come right to one's hands, And
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Speaker 1: when at night we camped, they had given us so
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Speaker 1: many that each one of us had eight or ten loads.
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Speaker 1: Those of the Indians who carried bows would not take part,
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Speaker 1: but went to the mountains after deer, And when at
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Speaker 1: night they came back, it was with five or six
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Speaker 1: deer for each one of us, With birdsords, quails, and
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Speaker 1: other game. In short, all those people could kill. They
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Speaker 1: set before us, without ever daring to touch anything, even
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Speaker 1: if dying of hunger, unless we blessed it first. Such
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Speaker 1: was their custom from the time they joined us. The
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Speaker 1: women brought many mats with which they built us houses,
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Speaker 1: one for each one of us and those attached to him.
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Speaker 1: After this we would order them to broil all the game,
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Speaker 1: and they did it quickly in ovens built by them
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Speaker 1: for the purpose. We partook of everything a little, giving
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Speaker 1: the rest to the principal man among those who had
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Speaker 1: come with us for distribution among all. Everyone then came
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Speaker 1: with the share he had received for us to breathe
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Speaker 1: on it and bless it, without which they left it untouched.
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Speaker 1: Often we had with us three to four thousand persons,
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Speaker 1: and it was very tiresome to have to breathe on
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Speaker 1: and make the sign of the Cross over every morsel
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Speaker 1: they ate or drank. For many other things which they
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Speaker 1: wanted to do, they would come to ask our permission.
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Speaker 1: So that it is easy to realize how greatly we
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Speaker 1: were bothered. The women brought us tunas, spiders, worms, and
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Speaker 1: whatever else they could find, for they would rather starve
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Speaker 1: than partake of anything that had not first passed through
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Speaker 1: our hands. While traveling with those, we crossed a big
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Speaker 1: river coming from the north, and traversing about thirty leagues
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Speaker 1: of plains, met a number of people that came from
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Speaker 1: Afar to meet us on the trail, who treated us
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Speaker 1: like the foregoing ones. Thence on there was a change
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Speaker 1: in the manner of reception in so far as those
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Speaker 1: who would meet us on the trail with gifts were
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Speaker 1: no longer robbed by the Indians of our company. But
16:55
Speaker 1: after we had entered their homes they tendered us all
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Speaker 1: they possessed, and the dwellings. Also, we turned over everything
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Speaker 1: to the Principles for distribution. Invariably, those who had been
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Speaker 1: deprived of their belongings would follow us in order to
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Speaker 1: repair their losses, so that our retinue became very large.
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Speaker 1: They would tell them to be careful and not conceal
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Speaker 1: anything of what they owned, as it could not be
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Speaker 1: done without our knowledge, and then we would cause their death.
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Speaker 1: So much did they frighten them that on the first
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Speaker 1: few days after joining us they would be trembling all
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Speaker 1: the time and would not dare to speak or lift
17:37
Speaker 1: their eyes to heaven. Those guided us for more than
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Speaker 1: fifty leagues through a desert of very rugged mountains and
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Speaker 1: so arid that there was no game. Consequently, we suffered
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Speaker 1: much from lack of food, and finally forded a very
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Speaker 1: big river, with its water reaching to our chests. Thence on,
17:57
Speaker 1: many of our people began to show the effects of
17:59
Speaker 1: the hunger and hardships they had undergone in those mountains,
18:03
Speaker 1: which were extremely barren and tiresome to travel. The same
18:08
Speaker 1: Indians led us to a plain beyond the chain of mountains,
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Speaker 1: where people came to meet us from a long distance.
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Speaker 1: By those we were treated in the same manner as before,
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Speaker 1: and they made so many presents to the Indians who
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Speaker 1: came with us that unable to carry all, they left
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Speaker 1: half of it. We told the givers to take it
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Speaker 1: back so as not to have it lost, but they refused,
18:34
Speaker 1: saying it was not their custom to take back what
18:36
Speaker 1: they had once offered, and so it was left to waste.
18:41
Speaker 1: We told these people our route was towards sunset, and
18:45
Speaker 1: they replied that in that direction people lived very far away.
18:50
Speaker 1: So we ordered them to send there and inform the
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Speaker 1: inhabitants that we were coming and how from this. They
18:57
Speaker 1: begged to be excused because the others were their enemies
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Speaker 1: and they did not want us to go to them.
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Speaker 1: Yet they did not venture to disobey in the end
19:06
Speaker 1: and sent two women, one of their own and the
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Speaker 1: other a captive. They selected women because these can trade everywhere,
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Speaker 1: even if there be war. We followed the women to
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Speaker 1: a place where it had been agreed we should wait
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Speaker 1: for them. After five days, they had not yet returned,
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Speaker 1: and the Indians explained that it might be because they
19:28
Speaker 1: had not found anybody. So we told them to take
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Speaker 1: us north, and they repeated that there were no people
19:35
Speaker 1: except very far away and neither food nor water. Nevertheless,
19:41
Speaker 1: we insisted, saying that we wanted to go there, and
19:45
Speaker 1: they still excused themselves as best they could, until at
19:49
Speaker 1: last we became angry. One night I went away to
19:53
Speaker 1: sleep out in the field apart from them, but they
19:56
Speaker 1: soon came to where I was, and remained awake all
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Speaker 1: night in great alarm, talking to me saying how frightened
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Speaker 1: they were. They entreated us not to be angry any longer,
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Speaker 1: because even if it was their death, they would take
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Speaker 1: us where we chose. We feigned to be angry still
20:15
Speaker 1: so as to keep them in suspense. And then a
20:19
Speaker 1: singular thing happened. On that same day, many fell sick,
20:25
Speaker 1: and on the next day eight of them died. All
20:29
Speaker 1: over the country where it was known. They became so
20:32
Speaker 1: afraid that it seemed as if the mere sight of
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Speaker 1: us would kill them. They besought us not to be angry,
20:39
Speaker 1: nor to procure the death of any more of their number,
20:42
Speaker 1: for they were convinced that we killed them by merely
20:46
Speaker 1: thinking of it. In truth, we were very much concerned
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Speaker 1: about it. Foreseeing the great mortality, we dreaded that all
20:54
Speaker 1: of them might die or forsake us in their terror,
20:58
Speaker 1: while those further on, upon learning of it, would get
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Speaker 1: out of our way. Hereafter, we prayed to God, our Lord,
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Speaker 1: to assist us, and the sick began to get well.
21:10
Speaker 1: Then we saw something that astonished us very much, and
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Speaker 1: it was that while the parents, brothers, and wives of
21:18
Speaker 1: the dead had shown deep grief at their illness from
21:22
Speaker 1: the moment they died, the survivors made no demonstration whatsoever,
21:27
Speaker 1: and showed not the slightest feeling, nor did they dare
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Speaker 1: to go near the bodies until we ordered their burial.
21:35
Speaker 1: In more than fifteen days that we remained with them,
21:38
Speaker 1: we never saw them talk together. Neither did we see
21:42
Speaker 1: a child that laughed or cried. One child who had
21:46
Speaker 1: begun to cry was carried off some distance, and with
21:50
Speaker 1: some very sharp mice teeth, they scratched it from the
21:54
Speaker 1: shoulders down to nearly the legs. Angered by this act
21:58
Speaker 1: of cruelty, I took took them to task for it,
22:01
Speaker 1: and they said it was done to punish the child
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Speaker 1: for having wept in my presence. Their apprehensions caused the
22:09
Speaker 1: others that came to see us to give us what
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Speaker 1: they had, since they knew that we did not take
22:14
Speaker 1: anything for ourselves, but left it all to the Indians.
22:19
Speaker 1: Those were the most docile people we met in the
22:22
Speaker 1: country of the best complexion, and on the whole well built,
22:28
Speaker 1: the sick being on the way of recovery. When we
22:31
Speaker 1: had been there already three days, the women whom we
22:34
Speaker 1: had sent out returned, saying that they had met very
22:37
Speaker 1: few people, nearly all having gone after the cows, as
22:42
Speaker 1: it was the season. So we ordered those who had
22:46
Speaker 1: been sick to remain and those who were well to
22:49
Speaker 1: accompany us, and that two days travel from there. The
22:53
Speaker 1: same women should go with us and get people to
22:56
Speaker 1: come to meet us on the trail for our reception.
23:00
Speaker 1: The next morning, all those who were strong enough came along,
23:04
Speaker 1: and at the end of three journeys we halted Alonzel
23:08
Speaker 1: del Castillo and a Stevanico. The negro left with the
23:11
Speaker 1: women as guides, and the woman who was a captive
23:15
Speaker 1: took them to a river that flows between mountains, where
23:19
Speaker 1: there was a village in which her father lived. And
23:21
Speaker 1: these were the first abodes we saw that were like
23:25
Speaker 1: unto real houses. Castillo and a Stevanico went to these, and,
23:31
Speaker 1: after holding parley with the Indians at the end of
23:34
Speaker 1: three days Castillo returned to where he had left us,
23:37
Speaker 1: bringing with him five or six of the Indians. He
23:41
Speaker 1: told how he had found permanent houses inhabited the people,
23:47
Speaker 1: of which eight beans and squashes, and that he had
23:51
Speaker 1: also seen maize end of Section seven.