Latest / Teacher Approved: Elementary Teacher Tips & Strategies / 285. Positive Classroom Culture is Your Management Secret Weapon
Transcript
- 0:01Heidi: This is episode 285 of Teacher Approved.
- 0:05You're listening to Teacher Approved, the podcast helping
- 0:08educators elevate what matters and simplify the rest. I'm
- 0:12Heidi.
- 0:13Emily: And I'm Emily. We're the creators behind Second Story
- 0:16Window, where we give research-based and
- 0:18teacher-approved strategies that make teaching less stressful and
- 0:21more effective. You can check out the show notes and resources
- 0:25from each episode at secondstorywindow.net.
- 0:28Heidi: We're so glad you're tuning in today. Let's get to
- 0:31the show.
- 0:35Emily: Hey there! Thanks for joining us today. In today's
- 0:38episode, we are talking about how to shape your classroom
- 0:41culture so it can boost your classroom management, and we've
- 0:45got a tip for making your mornings a little easier.
- 0:49Heidi: But first, let's start with a try it tomorrow, where we
- 0:51share a quick win that you can try right away. Emily, what is
- 0:54our suggestion this week?
- 0:56Emily: Okay, this week look at the school calendar and get all
- 0:58the upcoming school theme days or dress up days on the
- 1:02calendar. Maybe even set a reminder for the day before so
- 1:06that you're not scrambling in the morning.
- 1:09Heidi: And also, if you need to buy anything like new pajamas
- 1:13for pajama day or a shirt in a certain color, order it now so
- 1:17that you have exactly what you need.
- 1:19Emily: And if you're worried about how to look cute in the
- 1:21school T-shirt you're expected to wear, go back to episode 245
- 1:26where Lindsay from Fashion Fix shared a teacher-approved tip
- 1:30for how to style a school shirt. She had some really great ideas.
- 1:34Heidi: And if you like this idea or anything else we share here
- 1:37today, would you do us a favor and share this episode with a
- 1:40teacher friend? People trust recommendations from people they
- 1:43know. So every time you share our show, it really does help us
- 1:47out.
- 1:48Emily: Okay, we are officially in September, which means a lot
- 1:51of our listeners are starting school this week. And if that is
- 1:54you, happy first week! We hope everything goes smoothly.
- 1:58Heidi: And actually, a lot of teachers have been back in
- 2:01school for weeks already.
- 2:02Emily: Yep, especially around where we are. And if that is
- 2:05you, then we hope everything is continuing to go smoothly a few
- 2:09weeks later.
- 2:11Heidi: But wherever you land on the back to school spectrum,
- 2:13hopefully you're in a situation where you only have 16 kids in
- 2:17your class, and they're all eager, focused learners.
- 2:20Emily: Yes, I really hope that's true for all of you, but more
- 2:24likely, let's say there are 25 students in your classroom,
- 2:27maybe 30, maybe more, and there is one of you.
- 2:32Heidi: I don't like that math.
- 2:34Emily: No.
- 2:35Heidi: Because even if you are the most present, most connected
- 2:38teacher in the building, there is no version of the day where
- 2:41you can personally manage all of those kids all of the time. It
- 2:46is absolutely impossible.
- 2:47Emily: Right. Because while you're helping one student
- 2:50understand the assignment, there's two kids that are
- 2:52deciding whether to stay focused or start talking. Someone just
- 2:55knocked over their pencil box, and their neighbor is looking
- 2:58around to see if it's okay to laugh. Another student is trying
- 3:01to decide whether it's socially acceptable to ask a question
- 3:04that they think might sound dumb.
- 3:06Heidi: And you aren't there to personally coach students
- 3:09through every one of those decisions. You physically can't
- 3:12be, which means that for most of the day, your students are not
- 3:16being managed by you at all. They are being managed by each
- 3:19other.
- 3:20Emily: Yeah, and this is a part of teaching that we don't
- 3:22discuss enough. The social environment in your classroom
- 3:26develops its own answers to questions like, is it cool to
- 3:31try, or is it cooler to pretend that you don't care? How do we
- 3:35respond when somebody is being annoying?
- 3:38Heidi: Or is this a room where we help each other, or a room
- 3:41where we look out for ourselves? The answers to these questions
- 3:45aren't just individual behavior choices; they are cultural
- 3:48norms.
- 3:50Emily: Classroom culture is the collection of unwritten rules
- 3:53about how things work. Is this the kind of classroom where
- 3:56people stay on task if the teacher has to step in the hall
- 3:59for a minute, or is it the kind of class where the teacher's
- 4:01absence is an excuse to run wild?
- 4:04Heidi: That always bugs me about teachers on TV or in movies. You
- 4:08know, they just step into the hall for a five-minute chat
- 4:10without a second to worry about what's breaking up behind them.
- 4:14Emily: One of the most unbelievable parts of Abbott
- 4:16Elementary. Even though I love Abbott Elementary, but frequent
- 4:20hall chats with multiple teachers. That's not, that's not
- 4:23realistic, and obviously that's because those teachers are lucky
- 4:28enough to have writers telling those kids what to do. But
- 4:31sadly, someone forgot to hand out the script to the rest of
- 4:34the kids that we have in our classrooms.
- 4:37Heidi: Which is why culture matters so much. It's
- 4:40essentially the script your students follow for knowing how
- 4:43to behave from minute to minute, which makes it much more
- 4:46influential than the rules hanging on your wall.
- 4:49Emily: And unlike classroom rules, culture will develop
- 4:52completely organically. Which means if you don't decide to
- 4:56shape your culture on purpose, you are basically letting the
- 4:59loudest voices in your room do it.
- 5:02Heidi: Sometimes that works out beautifully. You get two or
- 5:04three natural leaders who set a great tone, and then you can
- 5:08just ride that all year and feel like a genius.
- 5:11Emily: Uh huh. But more often than not, you end up with a
- 5:14culture of chatting and nonstop water bottle flipping contests.
- 5:18The reason culture is such a potent tool is because of
- 5:21something called social contagion. Like that back to
- 5:25school cold that you're currently fighting off, behavior
- 5:29also spreads.
- 5:31Heidi: You have definitely experienced how this works. So
- 5:34when you are the new person at a job, you watch your coworkers to
- 5:37see where to sit at lunch or how loud conversations can be, and
- 5:41then you just copy what everyone else is doing.
- 5:44Emily: Classrooms run the same way. When kindness and effort
- 5:46and respect are the standard in a room, then kids absorb it and
- 5:51reflect it back to each other without being asked. But it also
- 5:55works in the opposite direction.
- 5:56Heidi: Yeah, if eye rolling is tolerated in September, eye
- 6:00rolling is the standard by October. Kids are watching what
- 6:04you let slide far more closely than they are listening to what
- 6:07you say.
- 6:08Emily: So when you're working against a student-created
- 6:10culture, you spend the whole day putting out fires that the
- 6:14culture started.
- 6:16Heidi: But with a teacher-led culture, your students hold each
- 6:19other to the standard, and you have fewer problems to manage.
- 6:23That's because you have peer pressure on your side.
- 6:26Emily: We spend a lot of time trying to protect kids from peer
- 6:29pressure, but the truth is, peer pressure is going to exist
- 6:32whether we acknowledge it or not.
- 6:35Heidi: And that's why we definitely want to make sure
- 6:37that the pressure in our classroom is pushing everyone in
- 6:40a useful direction. Positive peer pressure makes the
- 6:43difference between students watching someone disrupt a
- 6:46lesson and joining in, and someone leaning over to whisper,
- 6:49"Dude, stop! We're trying to work."
- 6:52Emily: In the first few days of school, hopefully, you scheduled
- 6:55time for important community building activities. But as we
- 6:59move into the school year, your work here isn't done. A positive
- 7:02classroom culture requires attention, the way that
- 7:05relationships do.
- 7:07Heidi: But don't let that panic you. Unlike most lessons,
- 7:10teaching students how things work in your room happens in the
- 7:13little moments. When you respond calmly to a broken rule instead
- 7:17of losing your cool, you teach that mistakes are expected.
- 7:20Emily: Yeah, and when you invite a student to try again if
- 7:23they've spoken harshly to a classmate, you teach that
- 7:26respect and relationships matter in your class.
- 7:29Heidi: But if you want to be more intentional about shaping
- 7:32your classroom culture, we've boiled down the whole process to
- 7:35five steps: name it, teach it, practice it, notice it, and
- 7:39protect it.
- 7:41Emily: All right, let's walk through the first one, which is
- 7:44name it. This is an easy one to skip over because it feels so
- 7:47obvious, but it's worth saying it anyway. Start by finding 10
- 7:51minutes on two different days for a class discussion.
- 7:55Heidi: For the first day, prepare a chart or a blank slide
- 7:58with three columns. Label one column, "I want a teacher who,"
- 8:02label the second column, "I want a classmate who," and label the
- 8:06third column, "I want a classroom that," and then invite
- 8:10students to share their ideas about how to complete those
- 8:12sentences.
- 8:14Emily: And then on the second day, post a chart or slide that
- 8:16says, "We are the kind of class..." Refer back to the
- 8:21previous day's poster. If we want to have classmates and a
- 8:23teacher and a room that does all of those amazing things, what
- 8:28kind of class do we need to be? Have students help you fill out
- 8:31that second chart.
- 8:33Heidi: And you might need to share a few ideas to get the
- 8:35ball rolling. So, for example, we're the kind of class that
- 8:38protects learning time. We're the kind of class that makes
- 8:40room for people, and we can disagree respectfully.
- 8:43Emily: When you have enough ideas, post the chart where it
- 8:45can be referenced. Then, when work time gets too noisy, you
- 8:49can call students' attention to their own words. If this is the
- 8:52kind of class that protects learning time, show me what I
- 8:56should expect to see you doing right now.
- 8:58Heidi: You gotta love a tool that gets everyone back on track
- 9:01without you having to issue a single correction.
- 9:04So after naming it, the second step is to teach it. We all want
- 9:09classrooms where students communicate, problem solve, and
- 9:12include each other.
- 9:13Emily: But those aren't personality traits; they're
- 9:15skills. And if students haven't learned them, telling them to
- 9:18work together is a little like handing everyone a recorder and
- 9:21saying, "Okay, let's all play Uptown Funk."
- 9:25Heidi: You'd expect absolute chaos in a room full of kids
- 9:29turned loose with recorders. So it's no surprise we get chaos
- 9:33when we expect kids to know how to solve disagreements or how to
- 9:36get in a group without any training.
- 9:39Emily: So teach social skills the way that you would teach
- 9:42anything. Name the skill, model it, let them practice, and then
- 9:45discuss how it went when they put it in action.
- 9:49Heidi: Yes, that is right. You can tell try telly talk here
- 9:52too. Think about the skills you want students to use in your
- 9:55class and start teaching them one at a time.
- 9:57Emily: And luckily, skill lessons are usually much shorter
- 10:01than procedure lessons. If you have visuals for students to
- 10:04reference, you only need two or three minutes to help them
- 10:06understand what's expected. For example, how to respond when
- 10:09you're frustrated. The steps would be one, pause; two,
- 10:13identify the problem; three, ask for what you need; and four, try
- 10:18a solution.
- 10:19Heidi: And then role play at a time or two. If the culture you
- 10:22want requires a skill, don't assume students already have it.
- 10:26You need to teach it.
- 10:28Emily: Next up, it's time to practice. During the first few
- 10:31weeks, add lots of low stakes group interactions to your
- 10:34plans. Help students understand exactly what should happen
- 10:38during turn and talk. How to form partnerships or groups
- 10:41without leaving anyone out, and how to share materials.
- 10:45Heidi: During this stage, keep the focus on the social skills,
- 10:48not academics. So, for example, my second graders worked with
- 10:52partners several times a day. So, at the start of the year, I
- 10:55taught them how to be good partners, and then gave them a
- 10:58non-academic task like a get-to-know-you activity. My
- 11:01goal is to give them practice working on the partnership
- 11:03skills without worrying about content.
- 11:06Emily: And you can do the same thing with group work or any
- 11:08other learning formats. Review the skill and invite students to
- 11:12practice with "Would You Rather" questions instead of math
- 11:15questions.
- 11:16Heidi: And this is a game changer if you do centers. Stock
- 11:19all of your centers with simple activities, even a coloring page
- 11:23works okay here. And then focus on giving students practice with
- 11:26managing materials, rotating quietly, working with an
- 11:30assigned group, people they didn't choose. All of those
- 11:32skills that go into making centers run smoothly.
- 11:34Emily: You might not eliminate the issues completely, but
- 11:37you'll have far fewer if students know how to succeed
- 11:40before you expect them to both manage social and academic
- 11:45expectations at the same time.
- 11:47Heidi: And then after the activity, don't just move on.
- 11:50Take a couple minutes to debrief. What went well? What
- 11:53was tricky? What will you remember to do next time?
- 11:56Emily: And this step is easy to skip, but is crucial because the
- 12:00activity itself isn't building your classroom culture; it's the
- 12:03reflection afterward where all of this gets internalized.
- 12:08Heidi: The next way to shape classroom culture is to notice
- 12:10the behavior you want more of. What you notice, you make
- 12:14visible, and what you make visible has a better chance of
- 12:17becoming contagious.
- 12:18Emily: The catch is that generic praise does not do the same
- 12:21thing. Good job, Table Three. It tells nobody anything about
- 12:26anything. So name the behavior. I just saw three people move
- 12:30their chairs that they could see the board better. That's taking
- 12:33responsibility for your own learning.
- 12:36Heidi: Now you're not really saying this for the kids who
- 12:38move their chairs, although you know everyone likes to be
- 12:40praised. You're saying it for the other 22 because you just
- 12:44gave them an example of what normal behavior looks like in
- 12:47your room.
- 12:48Emily: If risk taking gets highlighted, you get a class
- 12:51that will make a guess, even if they're unsure. But if it never
- 12:54gets noticed, you get 25 kids who sit and wait for you to hand
- 12:58them the answer.
- 12:59Heidi: So you can start here by asking yourself, "What behavior
- 13:03do I wish would spread around the room? And then pay attention
- 13:06for the little examples of it. Notice the student who helps
- 13:09clean up, the group that solves a disagreement, students who
- 13:12redirect themselves, and the ones who make room for someone
- 13:14else.
- 13:16Emily: This isn't about manipulating anyone into good
- 13:18behavior, and it's not throwing a parade every time someone acts
- 13:21like a decent human being. The goal is to connect individual
- 13:25actions to the larger well-being of the group.
- 13:29Heidi: Unless there's a problem later in the year, you probably
- 13:32don't need to schedule time all year long to practice your class
- 13:35norms. But noticing is ongoing because we want to keep our
- 13:39class norms from drifting into the half-hearted attempts.
- 13:43Emily: And that brings us to our fifth step: protect it. When
- 13:47someone steps outside a norm, the most powerful thing you can
- 13:50say is some version of "That's not how we do things here."
- 13:53Heidi: That might sound like "That's not how we solve
- 13:56problems," or "You don't have to like what he said, but you do
- 13:59have to respond respectfully."
- 14:01Emily: Every time you respond to a behavior, you're not just
- 14:04managing that individual student. You're also teaching
- 14:07the rest of the room what the real rules of this community
- 14:10are.
- 14:11Heidi: But if you allow the same norm violation over and over
- 14:14without addressing it, you're teaching the class that
- 14:18everything you say is optional, and that is not a lesson you
- 14:21want students to learn.
- 14:23Emily: At the end of the day, your classroom culture is
- 14:26whatever pattern of behavior you permit. You may have a beautiful
- 14:30poster that says we respect everyone, but if students
- 14:34regularly talk over each other, exclude classmates, and make
- 14:37little cutting comments, you don't have a culture of respect.
- 14:42Heidi: Yeah, the poster might reflect your values, but the
- 14:44poster isn't your culture. The tolerated behavior is.
- 14:48Emily: But don't feel bad if you have let things slide because we
- 14:51have all been there.
- 14:53Heidi: Oh yes, that's because consistently upholding your
- 14:57expectations is absolutely the hardest part of management. We
- 15:01talked all about this a couple weeks ago in episode 283. So go
- 15:04back and check that out if you missed it.
- 15:06Emily: And if you need to course correct, consider what's
- 15:09happening repeatedly in your classroom that you don't want to
- 15:12normalize. Maybe that's calling out, complaining, tattling, or
- 15:17students refusing to work together.
- 15:19Heidi: And then pick one of those and address it as a
- 15:21cultural issue. Try saying something like, "I've noticed
- 15:25this has started becoming normal in our room, and it's a problem
- 15:28because it's keeping people from doing their best. Let's talk
- 15:31about what we want to do instead."
- 15:33Emily: And doing this at the start of the year will save you
- 15:35time in the long run, but redirection can be done at any
- 15:39point in the year.
- 15:41Heidi: Yeah, maybe you need to reset after a long break, or get
- 15:44everyone back on track when spring fever hits. When that
- 15:47happens, gather everyone for a discussion, talk about what's
- 15:49going well and what isn't working.
- 15:52Emily: And just keep the focus on students' ideas. Ask what
- 15:55kind of class they want to have and what they need to do
- 15:58differently to get there. Then name it, teach it, practice it,
- 16:01notice it, and protect it.
- 16:04Heidi: As you settle into the regular rhythm of the year,
- 16:07remember that the goal is to build a classroom where students
- 16:10increasingly understand how to act, how to solve problems, and
- 16:14how to treat each other, even when you are across the room
- 16:17helping somebody else.
- 16:19Emily: That doesn't mean there won't still be water bottle
- 16:22flipping contests. There probably will be, or whatever
- 16:25this year's version of six seven is going to be.
- 16:28Heidi: Oh no.
- 16:29Emily: But when the culture underneath is strong, those
- 16:32moments are smaller and shorter.
- 16:35Heidi: That's because your students have a shared framework
- 16:37for making it right and moving on. And every time they work
- 16:41through a hard moment together, the culture gets a little
- 16:43stronger.
- 16:45Emily: If this conversation was helpful, you definitely want to
- 16:47join us in the Teacher Approved Club. This month, we have a
- 16:50resource to help you make sure that all of the lessons you're
- 16:53teaching students about how to function in your room stick in
- 16:56their cute little brains. So there's a link to sign up in the
- 17:00show notes, or you can visit us at secondstorywindow.net/club.
- 17:04Now for our teacher-approved tip of the week, where we share an
- 17:09actionable tip to help you elevate what matters and
- 17:11simplify the rest. This week's teacher-approved tip is to get
- 17:15multiple lunch bags. Okay, tell us about it, Heidi.
- 17:19Heidi: Okay, well I can't take credit for this. So, for the
- 17:22past few weeks, Mackenzie's Journey on Instagram and
- 17:25probably on TikTok has been sharing tips for how teachers
- 17:29can prep their homes, not just their classrooms, for back to
- 17:32school. And she has some really great tips that I would have
- 17:35never thought of. And one of those tips is getting five lunch
- 17:39bags. This seemed a little crazy till she explained it.
- 17:42So, if you like to batch prep your lunches for the week, or if
- 17:46you think this is something you'd like to try, you'll be
- 17:49more likely to stick with it if you remove as many hurdles as
- 17:52possible, even if all of those hurdles are small. I know when I
- 17:57have batched lunches in the past, I would make all my meals,
- 18:01and then I would have to fill up my lunch bag every day. But
- 18:04every extra step in a system is a potential weak spot. And if
- 18:08you're like me and running late in the morning, that extra step
- 18:11of having to load your bag each day could be the step that
- 18:14derails this whole plan.
- 18:16So to counter that, Mackenzie got five lunch bags. So then,
- 18:19when she's finished prepping the lunches for the week. She can
- 18:22load all of the bags right then.
- 18:24Emily: Dang, that is so smart. I guess sometimes it really is the
- 18:27simplest ideas that can have the biggest impact. And I think a
- 18:30lot of people would hear this and be like, "Oh my gosh, I do
- 18:32not need five lunch bags." But in reality, it probably would
- 18:36free up more space in your brain than you might realize.
- 18:39Heidi: Yeah, and I don't think it takes that much more space
- 18:41because you have to have all of those containers in your fridge
- 18:44anyway.
- 18:44Emily: Yes, that's just meal prepping.
- 18:46Heidi: Yeah, now they're just packed and ready to go. And
- 18:49Mackenzie even goes a step further. She has a fridge in her
- 18:52garage, so she can put all of her lunches out there and then
- 18:55just grab one as she's heading to the car. Oh, but even if you
- 18:59don't have a second fridge, just having those extra bags could be
- 19:02a huge lifesaver for you.
- 19:04Emily: Well, these kind of, I hate to call it a hack, I don't
- 19:07think it's really a life hack, but it's something you're
- 19:10looking at something different in your life that you hadn't
- 19:12looked at that way before. But I just lived for this kind of
- 19:15stuff. I'm like, should I? I'm staying home, but should I prep
- 19:18my lunches for the week and get five lunch bags?
- 19:21Heidi: You would feel super organized.
- 19:23Emily: I bet I would.
- 19:26Heidi: Okay, to wrap up the show, we're sharing what we're
- 19:28giving extra credit to this week. Emily, I get your extra
- 19:30credit?
- 19:31Emily: Okay, I'm giving extra credit to the movie Solo Mio,
- 19:36which is a Kevin James movie. It was in theaters, I think. I
- 19:42think?
- 19:43Heidi: I don't think so. I think it was for TV.
- 19:44Emily: Oh, maybe it was just straight for TV. I don't know.
- 19:47But I watched it on Hulu, I think. I was working on a
- 19:51project a couple weeks ago, and so I blew through a bunch of
- 19:54movies because I was just putting something on in the
- 19:55background, and I was like, "Oh, I'll just give this one a try."
- 19:58And it probably helps that I went in with rock bottom
- 20:02expectations because I'm like, oh, you know how Kevin James is.
- 20:05Although I do like Kevin James, but you know how his movies are.
- 20:09But I thought this was adorable.
- 20:11So the premise is that he is in Italy to get married, and his
- 20:16wife or his fiance, I guess, leaves him at the altar. Now
- 20:20this happens in like the first five minutes of the movie, but
- 20:23then he stays for the next three weeks or something for the
- 20:28honeymoon. So he's on this tour group basically for all that
- 20:32time with all these other couples and newlyweds, and it's
- 20:36just such a fun cast of characters. I love when a show
- 20:40has fun side characters, but that are not too ridiculous, I
- 20:44thought these were all like genuinely fun and cute. And I
- 20:47don't want to give too much of the movie away, but I, I
- 20:50honestly thought it was a really sweet little rom com watch, if
- 20:53you're looking for something.
- 20:55Heidi: Well, I'll definitely have to check that out. That
- 20:57sounds delightful.
- 20:58Emily: What are you giving extra credit to, Heidi?
- 21:01Heidi: This is a hard pivot.
- 21:03Emily: Yours usually are.
- 21:05Heidi: I'm giving extra credit to slim, non-slip metal hangers.
- 21:09Emily: Oh, ooh la la!
- 21:12Heidi: So I don't know why I even ordered these, but they are
- 21:17so nice. I've been switching out my regular hangers, and I, I
- 21:23have had the same plastic black hangers probably for 20 or more
- 21:27years. But I've been switching these out, and I cannot believe
- 21:30the space it has freed up in my closet just to have these thin
- 21:33hangers. So they're metal, but they're thicker than wire
- 21:37hangers. You couldn't. I don't think you could bend them, and
- 21:39then they're coated in like I don't know rubber silicone
- 21:44something, so your clothes don't slide off them. It's a game
- 21:46changer for how my closet looks so much neater, and I have way
- 21:50more room. I am frankly surprised at the difference just
- 21:53this little switch up made.
- 21:55Emily: I've had those kind of hangers for years. Mine, I
- 21:57think, are kind of like felt lined to keep the clothes on
- 22:01there.
- 22:01Heidi: I have some that are, I tried some like velvet ones.
- 22:04Emily: Maybe that's what it is, velvet.
- 22:05Heidi: And then, like at one point, it's like I'm going all
- 22:08in on wood because I'm investing. And then I was like,
- 22:11my clothes are, these are huge. My clothes are not nice enough
- 22:14to need wood hangers.
- 22:16Emily: They take up so much room.
- 22:17Heidi: Yes, and I thankfully only bought like five.
- 22:20Emily: Well, good thing.
- 22:21Heidi: Anyway, yeah, I'm a big fan. I will put a link in the
- 22:24show notes if you need to upgrade your closet.
- 22:26Emily: I committed to wood hangers for my children when
- 22:28they were little, and now I'm like, why did I do that? It
- 22:30just, I felt like it made their closets look so cute with all
- 22:34their little clothes, and now they their clothes are too big
- 22:37for all those little wooden hangers, and I need to do
- 22:39something with them. Maybe I'll get them some non-slip metal
- 22:42hangers.
- 22:43Heidi: There you go. I think that's the only way to go.
- 22:47Well, that is it for today's episode. Remember to name,
- 22:49teach, practice, notice, and protect the classroom culture
- 22:52that you want to cultivate.
- 22:57We hope you enjoyed this episode of Teacher Approved. I'm Heidi.
- 23:00Emily: And I'm Emily. Thank you for listening. Be sure to follow
- 23:04or subscribe in your podcast app so that you never miss an
- 23:06episode.
- 23:07Heidi: You can connect with us and other teachers in the
- 23:09Teacher Approved Facebook group. We'll see you here next week.
- 23:13Bye for now.
- 23:14Emily: Bye.