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Is the Morning Star Not Really a Star? · Made of Stars

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  Speaker 1: Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
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  Speaker 1: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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  Speaker 1: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
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  Speaker 1: expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and uranus. Listen,
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  Speaker 1: that's your own risk.
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  Speaker 2: Go ahead.
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  Speaker 3: When made of stars, made them stars.
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  Speaker 4: Made sizes. When made of stars, you could be from
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  Speaker 4: high they would New Mexicomus, where all stars.
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  Speaker 3: When we are made of stars.
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  Speaker 5: I'm West Carol, joined by my good friend doctor Sean
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  Speaker 5: Cruisin from Columba State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
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  Speaker 5: Morning Sean, good morning.
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  Speaker 2: That's good to be here.
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  Speaker 3: All right.
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  Speaker 5: We have had a number of discoveries and great science
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  Speaker 5: and things that have come since the launch of the
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  Speaker 5: James Webspace Telescope. And we talked for years, I mean
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  Speaker 5: years about this slow burn that was getting the James
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  Speaker 5: Webspace Telescope into space where it can do things. We
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  Speaker 5: had the now famous thing we like to talk about
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  Speaker 5: when they dropped it right before they were going to
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  Speaker 5: launch it and had to make sure that it was
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  Speaker 5: still working properly and all those fun things, and it was,
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  Speaker 5: and it's been put in place, and it is doing
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  Speaker 5: amazing science and giving us great, incredible images from all
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  Speaker 5: throughout the universe. And then sometimes it gives us this
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  Speaker 5: really great discovery, like what we now have about our
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  Speaker 5: morning star, and here we go, maybe it's not a
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  Speaker 5: star at all.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, our most sacred star, the star of Erindio. Well,
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  Speaker 2: if you're a Lord of the Rings fan, you know
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  Speaker 2: what I'm talking about. If you're not, you're just like,
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  Speaker 2: stop annoying me, why are you talking that way? So,
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  Speaker 2: so it's actually not exactly the same spelling as the
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  Speaker 2: Tolkien version, but an old English phrase for morning star
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  Speaker 2: is Erendell e r E N D E L. Differs
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  Speaker 2: from the Lord of the Rings version by one letter anyway.
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  Speaker 2: So the Erndel is the name given to an object
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  Speaker 2: that was first discovered back in twenty twenty two by
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  Speaker 2: the Hubble Space Telescope. And at the time of its
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  Speaker 2: discovery they tried to figure out just how far away
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  Speaker 2: it was and through a few different techniques, this is
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  Speaker 2: a star, by the way, in another galaxy, far far away.
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  Speaker 2: And with those techniques they realized that this star likely
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  Speaker 2: formed merely nine hundred million years after the Big Bang.
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  Speaker 2: And if for those of you who think nine hundred
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  Speaker 2: million is a big number, welcome to astrophysics. It gets dwarfed.
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  Speaker 2: It's a really tiny number compared to the age of
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  Speaker 2: the universe, the estimated age since the Big Bang, which
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  Speaker 2: is thirteen point eight billion years. So this is a
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  Speaker 2: mere nine hundred million out of thirteen point eight billion,
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  Speaker 2: which means the universe was not very old when this
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  Speaker 2: particular star is thought to have formed only about seven
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  Speaker 2: percent of its current age. Okay, So that was the
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  Speaker 2: story from back in twenty twenty two, and Erindio was
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  Speaker 2: located and what's called the Sunrise Arc Galaxy, which is
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  Speaker 2: about two twelve point nine billion light years from US. Okay,
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  Speaker 2: So this object, this galaxy actually was discovered through a
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  Speaker 2: process known as gravitational lensing, and we're going to talk
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  Speaker 2: more about that in today's show. Gravitational lensing is when
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  Speaker 2: something so massive is located between you, the observer here
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  Speaker 2: on Earth, and some really distant object in the farthest
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  Speaker 2: reaches of our universe. Something in between is so massive
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  Speaker 2: that it actually can warp space time. That's according to
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  Speaker 2: the laws of general relativity. And if you don't like
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  Speaker 2: those blame that fuzzy haired guy, Einstein, because he and
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  Speaker 2: George lamiter A pretty much the two guys that came
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  Speaker 2: up with that whole system. Anyway, No, they made some
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  Speaker 2: incredible discoveries. They found out that mass can actually bend
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  Speaker 2: the space time continuum, and that's what a gravitational arc is. Well,
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  Speaker 2: when you bend the space time continuum, then space itself
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  Speaker 2: can act like a lens on a telescope and it
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  Speaker 2: can image objects that are even much farther away, such
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  Speaker 2: as the Sun Sunrise Arc galaxy. So that's how we
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  Speaker 2: see it. There's something very massive in between us and
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  Speaker 2: this distant galaxy called the Sunrise Arc at a distance
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  Speaker 2: of twelve point nine billion light years away, and that
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  Speaker 2: thing in the middle is acting like a lens and
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  Speaker 2: allowing us to be able to see that distant galaxy. Okay,
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  Speaker 2: so it's through that cosmic lens and the lens of
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  Speaker 2: the Hubble Space telescope that the star Erndeal, our most
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  Speaker 2: sacred star, was discovered and thought to be the most
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  Speaker 2: distant star ever discovered. Well wait a minute, friends, wait
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  Speaker 2: just a minute, because in this year, a new study
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  Speaker 2: published on July thirty first in the Astrophysical Journal. See,
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  Speaker 2: we got a new telescope some astronomers from the James
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  Speaker 2: web Space Telescope. They took a new look at Erndeal,
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  Speaker 2: and a Rendeal based on the new data, might not
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  Speaker 2: actually be a single star. It might be an ultra
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  Speaker 2: compact star cluster or possibly a very large binary star
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  Speaker 2: system in this distant galaxy. See, it's a little bit
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  Speaker 2: hard to use your telescope in conjunction with one of
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  Speaker 2: those cosmic gravitational lensing lenses to get a really good
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  Speaker 2: look at things, and so you really need to take
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  Speaker 2: a lot of data in different wavelength regimes like visible
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  Speaker 2: light and infrared and radio and X ray and any
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  Speaker 2: other wavelength that you can pick up and combine all
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  Speaker 2: of those new data points to really see what you're
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  Speaker 2: looking at. With the addition of this infrared data from
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  Speaker 2: the James Webspace Telescope, there is now a question as
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  Speaker 2: to whether Erndeal is a single star or a compact
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  Speaker 2: star cluster. Stay tuned for more. We're going to be
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  Speaker 2: watching this mystery as it unfolds and new data is
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  Speaker 2: taken for Erndeal, the most distant star maybe ever discovered.
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  Speaker 5: All right, let's jump ahead to the end of this month.
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  Speaker 5: At some point this month, possibly it's scheduled for I
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  Speaker 5: guess a no earlier than launch Blue Origins second New
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  Speaker 5: Glen Rocket launch.
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  Speaker 2: So we talked a lot about James Webspace Telescope and
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  Speaker 2: Hubble Space Telescope, taking data of the adding to our
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  Speaker 2: ever increasing knowledge of the universe. And see what happens
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  Speaker 2: is when a new instrument goes to space, then we
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  Speaker 2: get new looks at old objects, right, and we can
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  Speaker 2: find out new things well. On the twenty ninth of September,
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  Speaker 2: Blue Origins New Glen Rocket will have its second ever
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  Speaker 2: launch at least no earlier than September twenty ninth, So
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  Speaker 2: on or about September twenty ninth, Blue Origin will be
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  Speaker 2: launching New Glen and New Glenn has a very interesting payload.
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  Speaker 2: It's called the Escapade mission. And yes, Escapade is an acronym.
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  Speaker 2: We like to talk about acronyms occasionally on the show.
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  Speaker 2: The acronym for Escapade is Escape and Plasma Acceleration and
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  Speaker 2: Dynamic Explorers. There you go, the Escape and Plasma Acceleration
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  Speaker 2: and Dynamic Explorers probes. There's a couple of them have
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  Speaker 2: been awaiting their turn to fly to space aboard the
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  Speaker 2: New Glen rocket. It was originally slated to carry the
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  Speaker 2: satellites on its maiden journey back in January, but then
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  Speaker 2: they didn't want to do that after all. There was
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  Speaker 2: some delays and things, and eventually they pulled those payloads.
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  Speaker 2: So but now New Glen is going to launch those
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  Speaker 2: missions up there for NASA, and so we will get
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  Speaker 2: new missions in space, which gives us new looks at
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  Speaker 2: the universe and a better understanding. And then we will
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  Speaker 2: also have one more test and evaluation for this massive
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  Speaker 2: new rocket built by Jeff Bezos company called Blue Origin,
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  Speaker 2: which is going to be a competitor for the SpaceX,
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  Speaker 2: Falcon Heavy and Starship systems. So this is kind of
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  Speaker 2: an exciting time in just the development of rocket payloads
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  Speaker 2: as well as space exploration missions, and so it's an
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  Speaker 2: interesting thing. Blue Origin says. There are some quote unquote
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  Speaker 2: exciting things unquote buzzing around the New Glenn launchpad down
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  Speaker 2: at Launch Complex thirty six, located not at the Kennedy
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  Speaker 2: Space Center, on the other side of the street at
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  Speaker 2: the Cape Canaveral Space Force Base in Florida. So we'll
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  Speaker 2: be keeping an eye down there in Florida to see
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  Speaker 2: the launch of the Twin Escapade mission, the probes that
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  Speaker 2: are actually going to be helping to study Mars, and
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  Speaker 2: the payload capacity and lift off capabilities of a brand
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  Speaker 2: new mega rocket Blue Origins New Glen rocket.
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  Speaker 5: Coming up after a quick break. Another discovery from James
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  Speaker 5: Webb and or some research that comes from James web
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  Speaker 5: about a black hole. We'll talk about that next. Hey,
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  Speaker 5: James Webb's giving us some more food to chew on,
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  Speaker 5: some more stuff to chew on and talk about this
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  Speaker 5: morning as it could. Is this now the oldest known
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  Speaker 5: black hole?
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, so we started the program with the oldest known star,
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  Speaker 2: our most distant star. We're now going to talk about
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  Speaker 2: the oldest known black hole or most distant black hole
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  Speaker 2: ever measured. Now, friends, you know, when we're talking about this,
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  Speaker 2: we have to say this just a quick little detour
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  Speaker 2: into astrophysics, which is to say, this, the farther away
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  Speaker 2: from Earth that we see objects, the further back in
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  Speaker 2: time we're looking. So distance and time are correlated as
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  Speaker 2: we look out into the universe. That's because light has
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  Speaker 2: a finite travel speed, and so it takes longer to
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  Speaker 2: get here from objects that are further away. So the
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  Speaker 2: light that's arriving today from nearby objects, those objects are
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  Speaker 2: much more recent in their emission of that light than
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  Speaker 2: objects that are coming the light that's coming from the
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  Speaker 2: objects that are at the most distant reaches of our universe.
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  Speaker 2: And so when we look out into space the farther away,
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  Speaker 2: we're looking the further back in time. Okay, So just
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  Speaker 2: as that reminder, James Weod's Space Telescope has now indicated
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  Speaker 2: that there is a black hole that formed at thirteen
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  Speaker 2: point three billion years ago, which means it is almost
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  Speaker 2: at our edge of the visible universe. This thirteen point
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  Speaker 2: three billion years ago was when the universe itself was
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  Speaker 2: a mere five hundred million years old. When we talked
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  Speaker 2: about the most distant star, we said that was about
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  Speaker 2: nine hundred million years old. Well, this thing's only five
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  Speaker 2: hundred million years old. And this thing is thought to
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  Speaker 2: be a super massive black hole. It's a giant black
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  Speaker 2: hole at the center of a galaxy. Now here's what happened.
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  Speaker 2: When the James Webb Space Telescope first fired up back
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  Speaker 2: in the mid twenty twenty twos. It began to look
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  Speaker 2: at the universe in infrared light, but from space where
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  Speaker 2: it's outside the Earth's atmosphere, and with the most sensitive
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  Speaker 2: instruments ever to do so in human history. So it
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  Speaker 2: began to record a lot of really mysterious objects that
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  Speaker 2: we've simply never seen before. That's why you build a
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  Speaker 2: new telescope. So in the case of this JWST data,
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  Speaker 2: there started to be these really compact, very very red
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  Speaker 2: in color objects, little dots, little point sources that appeared
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  Speaker 2: to be out there in the most distant parts of
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  Speaker 2: the universe. Now, how do we know that. We know
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  Speaker 2: that because we see the emission lines from elements like
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  Speaker 2: hydrogen in the spectrum of those distant objects. But we
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  Speaker 2: don't see them where they're supposed to be in terms
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  Speaker 2: of their colors, in terms of their location in the
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  Speaker 2: electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, we don't even see those lines,
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  Speaker 2: which are typically in the visible spectrum we can see
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  Speaker 2: them with our eye. We don't see them there at all.
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  Speaker 2: We see them way down in the infrared spectrum, which
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  Speaker 2: is a much longer region of wavelengths that we can't
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  Speaker 2: even detect with our eye. What happened, Well, there's this
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  Speaker 2: process called red shift, and red shift occurs when objects
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  Speaker 2: are moving away from the Earth at high speeds. It
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  Speaker 2: turns out that those very high speed objects, because of
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  Speaker 2: any cosmological red shift, are only the most distant objects,
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  Speaker 2: and they're moving away because of the actual expansion of
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  Speaker 2: space itself. So when you know all that, and you
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  Speaker 2: see the hydrogen lines in very very red wavelengths all
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  Speaker 2: the way down in the infrared, you know that the
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  Speaker 2: source of that hydrogen has to be out there at
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  Speaker 2: the visible limits of the universe at that kind of
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  Speaker 2: distance to achieve that sort of a red shift. And
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  Speaker 2: so we call that a cosmological redshift. Its source is
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  Speaker 2: the Doppler effect, and it's something called Hubble's law that
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  Speaker 2: correlates how far red shifted those lines are with how
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  Speaker 2: fast that object's moving away, and that speed then is
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  Speaker 2: correlated with its distance. And therefore you can calculate just
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  Speaker 2: how old that object is or how far away that
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  Speaker 2: light had to travel in order to reach Earth. And
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  Speaker 2: for this particular object called Capers LRD Z nine, Capers
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  Speaker 2: a catalog lrd catalog code Z nine the number of
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  Speaker 2: the object. Okay, so the Capers LRDZ nine, this red dot,
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  Speaker 2: which they didn't know what the heck it is. They're
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  Speaker 2: figuring out that it has to be a super massive
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  Speaker 2: black hole at the center of a very very distant galaxy.
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  Speaker 2: It's also a very large, super massive black hole. So
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  Speaker 2: the size the mass of this thing. They're estimating the
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  Speaker 2: mass of the black hole at the center of this
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  Speaker 2: very distant galaxy at thirty eight milli million times the
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  Speaker 2: mass of our Sun. Now, just for a comparison, the
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  Speaker 2: mass of the supermassive black hole in our own galaxy
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  Speaker 2: the Milky Way. Some people call this object Sagittarius A.
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  Speaker 2: The mass of Sagittarius A is about four hundred million suns,
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  Speaker 2: which is not small. That's a gigantic number of suns,
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  Speaker 2: four hundred million, But this isn't even close to the
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  Speaker 2: mass of the super massive black hole inside Kper's lrd
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  Speaker 2: z nine thirty eight million suns. For that mass thirty
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  Speaker 2: eight million times the mass of our own sun contained
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  Speaker 2: in this super massive black hole in this ultra distant galaxy.
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  Speaker 2: It's causing the gases that are whirling around that black
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  Speaker 2: hole before they fall into the event horizon, the kind
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  Speaker 2: of the last look at objects before they fall into
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  Speaker 2: the black hole. They're whirling around at thousands of miles
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  Speaker 2: an out per second, thousands of miles per second as
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  Speaker 2: they zip around the central mass of that gravitational will
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  Speaker 2: caused by this giant black hole. So okay, that's a
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  Speaker 2: weird object, right, and that's why we have to tell
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  Speaker 2: you the story about it. So there is the story
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  Speaker 2: of Caper's lrd Z nine, the to date most distant
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  Speaker 2: super massive black hole ever discovered. Thank you to the
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  Speaker 2: people at James Webspace Telescope for giving us a great
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  Speaker 2: instrument where we can find these brand new discoveries in
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  Speaker 2: the universe.
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  Speaker 5: Another big science win for James web All right, let's
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  Speaker 5: jump from one black hole to another black hole. I
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  Speaker 5: mean when we start talking size, and when we start
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  Speaker 5: you were talking about years earlier about how nine hundred
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  Speaker 5: million doesn't really mean much. When you start thinking about
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  Speaker 5: how sizes for things, it starts to become hard to
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  Speaker 5: even come I don't think we can really comprehend the
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  Speaker 5: size of our sun, Like the star in our solar
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  Speaker 5: system doesn't make sense when you start trying to equate
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  Speaker 5: it and you put the planets next to it and
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  Speaker 5: you say, well, this is how big it is.
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  Speaker 3: But just trying to.
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  Speaker 5: Get an understanding of that, I think is beyond what
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  Speaker 5: we can do then over most people, and then for
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  Speaker 5: to find that there is a black hole of this size. Yeah,
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  Speaker 5: I'm gonna let you do the numbers and try to
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  Speaker 5: make sense out of this, because I can't comprehend something
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  Speaker 5: that is thirty six billion times the mass of our sun.
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  Speaker 5: So first of all, I'd just like to go ahead
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  Speaker 5: and say on that last story about the oldest black
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  Speaker 5: hole or the furthest black hole that came from sciencenews
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  Speaker 5: dot org is a great story there.
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  Speaker 2: Check that out on sciencenews dot org. This story comes
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  Speaker 2: from ScienceDaily dot com. And so it's about the biggest
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  Speaker 2: black hole, potentially the largest black hole ever discovered. And
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  Speaker 2: you might say, now, wait a minute, you're using the
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  Speaker 2: wrong language. Yes, we kind of are, because it's not
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  Speaker 2: the size of the black hole, because a black hole
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  Speaker 2: is by definition a point, it's a singularity. What we're
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  Speaker 2: really talking about is the mass of that black hole. Right,
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  Speaker 2: So it's the largest mass black hole ever discovered. Okay,
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  Speaker 2: In the last stories, we were talking about Caper's lrd
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  Speaker 2: Z nine it had a mass of thirty eight million suns,
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  Speaker 2: which I just made a reference to our own black
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  Speaker 2: hole in our own middle of our Milky Way at
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  Speaker 2: four million sons. It's much bigger than that. But wait,
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  Speaker 2: we're gonna pause and we're gonna raise you one because
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  Speaker 2: the mass of this newly discovered well it's not newly discovered.
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  Speaker 2: The object is newly measured black hole in the center
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  Speaker 2: of an object called the cosmic horseshoe galaxy is a
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  Speaker 2: whopping thirty six billion times the mass of our Sun.
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  Speaker 2: Thirty six billion times. So whereas the mass of Capers
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  Speaker 2: lrdz nine is just a little bit more than twelve
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  Speaker 2: times the mass of the super massive black hole in
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  Speaker 2: the Milky Way, this is ten thousand times the mass
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  Speaker 2: of the Milky Way supermassive black hole. And yeah, I
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  Speaker 2: get it. I'm compounding numbers that are already really big
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  Speaker 2: and hard to imagine. But we have a super massive
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  Speaker 2: black hole, which is a monster sitting inside the Milky Way,
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  Speaker 2: and the supermassive black hole in this new galaxy, the
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  Speaker 2: cosmic horseshoe galaxy, is ten thousand times more massive, which
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  Speaker 2: is quite frankly unimaginable. It is a monster of unimaginable proportions.
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  Speaker 2: So reported in the Royal Astronomical Society astronomers have uncovered
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  Speaker 2: what maybe the most massive black hole ever found. Again,
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  Speaker 2: it's hidden inside the cosmic horseshoe galaxy. We talked about
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  Speaker 2: gravitational lensing the previous story. The reason that there's a
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  Speaker 2: galaxy that looks like a horseshoe is because it itself
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  Speaker 2: is gravitationally lensing a more distant galaxy.
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  Speaker 3: It gives it this kind of.
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  Speaker 2: Horseshoe shaped halo around the galaxy. And again it takes
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  Speaker 2: a really really concentrated, ultra high density mass to be
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  Speaker 2: able to do this kind of gravitational lensing. The galaxy
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  Speaker 2: itself was only located at a mere five billion light
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  Speaker 2: years away, which you know, I mean, what's five billion
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  Speaker 2: light years among friends, It's just not that far compared
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  Speaker 2: to once again, the galaxy in the previous story, which
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  Speaker 2: is at the edge of the visible universe something like
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  Speaker 2: thirteen billion light years away, So this is relatively close
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  Speaker 2: compared to that. A quote from Professor Thomas Collette at
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  Speaker 2: the University of Portsmouth, one of the researchers that discovered
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  Speaker 2: this object quote, this is among the top ten most
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  Speaker 2: massive black holes ever discovered, and quite possibly the most massive.
• 20:58
  Speaker 2: It is likely that all of the super massive black
• 21:01
  Speaker 2: holes that were originally in the companion galaxies to this source,
• 21:06
  Speaker 2: have also now merged to form this ultra massive black
• 21:09
  Speaker 2: hole that we've detected. So we're seeing the end state
• 21:14
  Speaker 2: of galaxy formation and the end state of black hole formation. Unquote,
• 21:20
  Speaker 2: thank you, Professor Colette. What he's telling you is this
• 21:22
  Speaker 2: black hole is so massive it can't come from a
• 21:25
  Speaker 2: single galaxy. You can't just have one super massive black
• 21:29
  Speaker 2: hole like the one in the Milky Way. It's like
• 21:31
  Speaker 2: the Milky Way ate up its five closest friends, consumed
• 21:35
  Speaker 2: all of their black holes, added them all together, and
• 21:39
  Speaker 2: now you have what they're referring to as an ultra massive,
• 21:43
  Speaker 2: central super massive black hole at the center of this
• 21:47
  Speaker 2: distant galaxy. Crazy stuff interesting to think about and read about.
• 21:51
  Speaker 2: ScienceDaily dot com is the source, and just trying to
• 21:55
  Speaker 2: comprehend what any of those numbers mean. I mean, I
• 21:58
  Speaker 2: can't imagine thirty six billion times anything. And then you
• 22:03
  Speaker 2: start going into the mass of our son. It's it's insane.
• 22:05
  Speaker 3: All right.
• 22:06
  Speaker 5: Let's talk about Columbus State University's co Cola Space Science
• 22:09
  Speaker 5: Center as we now get into the month of September.
• 22:12
  Speaker 2: I would tell you that there are a lot fewer
• 22:14
  Speaker 2: zeros in the Coca Cola Space Science Center than in
• 22:16
  Speaker 2: these thirty six billion times four million solar masses.
• 22:22
  Speaker 3: Whatever.
• 22:22
  Speaker 2: Anyway, Yeah, if you want to know more about the
• 22:24
  Speaker 2: programming at Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center,
• 22:27
  Speaker 2: check out our website friends, www dot cc SSC dot org.
• 22:32
  Speaker 2: It's time to begin thinking about the Music under the
• 22:35
  Speaker 2: Dome concert series and you can pick up your tickets now.
• 22:38
  Speaker 2: Check out the links on our website for that entire
• 22:42
  Speaker 2: concert series. Once again, Coca Cola Space Science Center offers
• 22:46
  Speaker 2: a concert called Music under the Dome. It's where the
• 22:48
  Speaker 2: Schwob School of Music faculty and students here at Columbus
• 22:52
  Speaker 2: State University coming in and perform inside our Omosphere Theater planetarium.
• 22:56
  Speaker 2: The first of those shows for the twenty twenty five
• 22:58
  Speaker 2: to twenty six season is October seventh, so not that
• 23:02
  Speaker 2: far away, just a little bit more than a month away.
• 23:04
  Speaker 2: And so come and check out all of the dates
• 23:07
  Speaker 2: for those concerts and how to get tickets for that
• 23:09
  Speaker 2: concert at www dot cc SSC dot org. Charlie Charlie
• 23:16
  Speaker 2: SamSam Charlie dot org.
• 23:18
  Speaker 5: Shann and I thank you for listening, and we'll do
• 23:20
  Speaker 5: this again next week. Overhead Door Company of Columbus has
• 23:30
  Speaker 5: all of your garage door needs covered, residential and commercial
• 23:33
  Speaker 5: service and repairs. If you need a new garage door,
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  Speaker 5: you're just looking to upgrade or repair your current door,
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  Speaker 5: Overhead Door Company of Columbus has you covered. Plus they've
• 23:43
  Speaker 5: got your emergency repairs or service covered as well. Seven
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  Speaker 5: oh six three five eight forty five hundred seven oh
• 23:50
  Speaker 5: six three five eight forty five hundred O DC Columbus
• 23:54
  Speaker 5: dot com. Get ready for DRAGONCN twenty twenty five Labor
• 23:59
  Speaker 5: Day Week in downtown Atlanta with the dragon Con Pregame
• 24:03
  Speaker 5: Show coming August twenty third and twenty fourth to a
• 24:07
  Speaker 5: radio station near you if you live in the state
• 24:10
  Speaker 5: of Georgia or one of the states near enough to
• 24:12
  Speaker 5: the State of Georgia to pick up a radio signal
• 24:15
  Speaker 5: coming from the network of stations in the State of
• 24:18
  Speaker 5: Georgia that'll be carrying the show, and there are many
• 24:20
  Speaker 5: in Alabama and Tennessee and the Carolinas that'll have a
• 24:24
  Speaker 5: chance to hear it even down into Florida, or simply
• 24:27
  Speaker 5: listen to it on the dragon Con Pregame Show podcast
• 24:32
  Speaker 5: wherever you listen to your podcast, Yes, where you're listening
• 24:35
  Speaker 5: to this podcast. You can also find past editions of
• 24:39
  Speaker 5: the dragon Con Pregame Show podcast with interviews with William Shatner,
• 24:44
  Speaker 5: other stars from Star Trek, The Walking Dead, the Marvel
• 24:48
  Speaker 5: Cinematic Universe, many animated stars, some of your favorite Disney stars.
• 24:53
  Speaker 5: Chances to hear interviews with them, and this year's dragon
• 24:57
  Speaker 5: Con Pregame Show will drop to the pop on August
• 25:02
  Speaker 5: twenty third, and you can hear this year's interviews. It's
• 25:05
  Speaker 5: sponsored by Columbus State Universities Coca Cola Space Science Center,
• 25:10
  Speaker 5: where doctor Sean Cruisin and I often like to discuss
• 25:14
  Speaker 5: the science behind the science fiction and the connections between
• 25:20
  Speaker 5: where science fiction sometimes leads to science science sometimes leads
• 25:23
  Speaker 5: to science fiction. It's just a weird connection that's already there.
• 25:27
  Speaker 5: It's built into it. And I say it's weird, but
• 25:29
  Speaker 5: it's really not. It makes perfect sense. The two go
• 25:31
  Speaker 5: together very well. Learn more about the Coca Cola Space
• 25:35
  Speaker 5: Science Center at CCSSC dot org. Learn more about this
• 25:39
  Speaker 5: year's dragon Con the website, which is DragonCon dot org