Latest / This Week In Medicine / 8 4 2025

Transcript

8 4 2025 · This Week In Medicine

• 0:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: Welcome to this week in medicine, your filtered medical journal summary.
• 0:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: Looking to stay up to date with the latest medical research but short on time?
• 0:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: This week in medicine has you covered.
• 0:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: Our AI-generated podcast provides you with a convenient, on the go solution to keep you informed about the most significant developments in the medicine field.
• 0:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: Each episode offers a filtered and concentrated summary of key journal articles, allowing you to stay informed without the need to sift through pages of research papers.
• 0:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: With this week in medicine, listening is faster than reading, and you can consume valuable medical knowledge while commuting, exercising, or during your daily routine.
• 0:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Hi, this week in medicine, we will be discussing.
• 0:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: First we will be discussing articles in New England Journal of Medicine.
• 0:39
  [SPEAKER_01]: Measureable residual disease guided therapy in newly diagnosed myeloma.
• 0:44
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 0:45
  [SPEAKER_01]: Measureable residual disease, MRD, is a major prognostic factor in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, an assessment of an MRD guided consolidation strategy in patients who are eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation, ASCT, may be useful.
• 1:02
  [SPEAKER_01]: Conclusions.
• 1:03
  [SPEAKER_01]: Among patients who are MRD-negative at ten minus five sensitivity after induction, the percentage with a pertinent MRD-negative status at ten minus six sensitivity was not significantly higher with ASCT than with ESA KRD.
• 1:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: Among patients who are MRD-positive status at ten minus five sensitivity after induction.
• 1:24
  [SPEAKER_01]: The percentage with a permanent MRD-negative status at ten-six sensitivity was not significantly higher with tandem ASCT than with single ASCT.
• 1:34
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next article, a randomized trial of acute normovellemic hemadolution in cardiac surgery.
• 1:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background
• 1:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often receive red cell transfusions, along with the associated risks and costs.
• 1:49
  [SPEAKER_01]: Early Interoperative Normal Valemic Hematolution, IE, Acute Normal Valemic Hematolution, ANH, is a blood conservation technique that entails autologous blood collection before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and re-infusion of the collected blood after bypass weaning.
• 2:06
  [SPEAKER_01]: More data are needed on whether ANH reduces the number of patients receiving allergenic red cell transfusion conclusions.
• 2:14
  [SPEAKER_01]: Among adults undergoing cardiac surgery, ANH did not reduce the number of patients receiving allergenic red cell transfusion.
• 2:27
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles from Journal of American Medical Association.
• 2:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Impact of the Mission Act on Quality and Outcomes of Major Cardiovascular Procedures in Veterans.
• 2:38
  [SPEAKER_01]: Question was the Department of Veterans Affairs, VA, maintaining internal systems and strengthening integrated outside networks, mission, act implementation, twenty-nineteen associated with changes in travel times or outcomes for cardiovascular procedures, findings.
• 2:55
  [SPEAKER_01]: This observational analysis found mission act implementation was associated with approximately thirty minutes less travel time for veterans living more than sixty minutes from VA hospitals, but was also associated with worsened rates of major adverse cardiovascular events for this group, meaning the mission act was associated with reduced travel time to cardiovascular procedures for veterans living far from VA hospitals, but also associated with higher risk of adverse procedural outcomes.
• 3:28
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles from Annals of Internal Medicine.
• 3:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Social determinants of health and long COVID.
• 3:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background Social determinants of health, sto, contribute to disparities and SARS-CoV-two infection, but their associations with long COVID are a known dot objective.
• 3:46
  [SPEAKER_01]: To determine associations between still at the time of SARS-CoV-two infection and risk for long COVID conclusion, participants with social risk factors at the time of SARS-CoV-two infection had greater risk for subsequent long COVID than those without.
• 4:00
  [SPEAKER_01]: Future studies should determine whether social risk factor interventions mitigate long-term effects of SARS-CoV-two infection.
• 4:13
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles from British Medical Journal.
• 4:17
  [SPEAKER_01]: Sex related differences in efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
• 4:24
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objective to evaluate sex related differences in the treatment effect of antithrombotic therapy in patients with established coronary artery disease.
• 4:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Conclusions antithrombotic therapies in patients with established coronary artery disease provided consistent efficacy and safety outcomes in women and men.
• 4:48
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles from Lancet.
• 4:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: Achievement chemotherapy and hormonotherapy versus adjuvant hormonotherapy alone for women aged seventy years and older, with high-risk breast cancer based on the genomic grade index, after seventy's, a randomized phase three trial.
• 5:06
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background
• 5:08
  [SPEAKER_01]: For women aged seventy years or older with estrogen receptor positive, her two negative invasive breast cancer, hormonotherapy is a standard adjuvant treatment, while the role of chemotherapy is debated.
• 5:20
  [SPEAKER_01]: We aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival in these older patients with high-risk tumors, according to a prognostic genomic signature interpretation.
• 5:30
  [SPEAKER_01]: The addition of Ag event chemotherapy to hormonotherapy conferred no survival benefit in women aged seventy years and above, with a GGI high-risk estrogen receptor positive, her two negative breast cancer, and was associated with more adverse events, providing important data on the benefit-risk balance of adding adjuvant chemotherapy to Ag event hormonotherapy in this older age group.
• 6:00
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of hematology.
• 6:04
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from JAMA oncology.
• 6:07
  [SPEAKER_01]: First line therapy for advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma systematic review and meta-analysis.
• 6:13
  [SPEAKER_01]: Question, what are the most effective immune therapies for various subtypes of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma?
• 6:20
  [SPEAKER_01]: NCCRCC findings.
• 6:23
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, including twenty-three studies encompassing various subtypes of NCCRCC, immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibited a degree of efficacy in the treatment of different subtypes of NCCRCC.
• 6:38
  [SPEAKER_01]: The combination of immunotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
• 6:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Appeared to yield superior efficacy compared with the use of single agent therapies, meaning in the context of NCCRCC.
• 6:50
  [SPEAKER_01]: Aminotherapy-based approaches may be regarded as a viable first-line treatment option, owing to their enhanced effectiveness.
• 6:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: On-going research and clinical trials are essential for advancing the management of this heterogeneous and complex group of malignant diseases.
• 7:11
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Journal of Clinical Oncology, HTTPS, colon slash slash ascapubbs.org slash TOC slash GOC slash current.
• 7:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Journal of Hepatology, Carvadalol versus Propranalol for the Prevention of Decompensation and Mortality and Patience.
• 7:30
  [SPEAKER_01]: with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, in compensated cirrhosis, Carvadalol reduced the risk of first decomposition compared to pre-pranolol slash natalol.
• 7:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: In decompensated cirrhosis, Carvadalol reduced the risk of further decomposition compared to propanolol slash natalol.
• 7:49
  [SPEAKER_01]: The improved outcomes with Carvadalol were likely due to its superior hemodynamic effect.
• 7:54
  [SPEAKER_01]: Carvadalol is the preferred non-selective beta blocker for the treatment of portal hypertension.
• 8:05
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of gastroenterology.
• 8:09
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from gastroenterology.
• 8:12
  [SPEAKER_01]: Mebevoreen and the influence of labeling in adolescence with irritable bowel syndrome or functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified.
• 8:21
  [SPEAKER_01]: A two times two randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
• 8:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background and aims.
• 8:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: Pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified lack effective pharmacologic interventions.
• 8:34
  [SPEAKER_01]: The efficacy of Mebevereen, an anti-spasmodic agent, and the effect of labeling within a pediatric cohort were evaluated.
• 8:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Conclusions Mebevereen was ineffective in treatment of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified.
• 8:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: However, a positive drug label significantly enhanced treatment outcomes compared with a blinded trial label.
• 9:03
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from clinical gastroenterology.
• 9:06
  [SPEAKER_01]: Association between the inflammatory potential of diet and constipation among adults in the United States across sectional study.
• 9:14
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objective.
• 9:15
  [SPEAKER_01]: To investigate the potential association between dietary and flammatory index, DII, scores and constipation among a sample of adults in the United States conclusions.
• 9:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that a higher dietary inflammatory index score was associated with increased risk of constipation after adjustment for confounding in a multivariable analysis.
• 9:38
  [SPEAKER_01]: Gender and physical activity were found to be an effect modifier of this relationship.
• 9:49
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of cardiology.
• 9:52
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from circulation.
• 9:55
  [SPEAKER_01]: Non-cooperate vulnerable plaques and prognosis in myocardial infarction with verses without ST segment elevation, a prospect to sub-study.
• 10:04
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background
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  [SPEAKER_01]: Clinical guidelines recommend different revascularization strategies for non-cupert lesions in patients with ST segment elevation, myocardial infarction, steamy, versus non-steamy, and steamy.
• 10:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: Whether the prevalence of untreated high-risk vulnerable plaques differs in steamy and nestamy and affects their outcomes is unknown.
• 10:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: In the prospect to study,
• 10:27
  [SPEAKER_01]: The perpatient prevalence of high-risk vulnerable plaques was comparable in steamy vs. Enestemy, as was the overall long-term incidence of non-cupert lesion related, and all major adverse cardiovascular events.
• 10:40
  [SPEAKER_01]: These results support a similar revascularization strategy for non-cupert lesions in patients with steamy or anestomy after culprit lesion management.
• 10:54
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from journals of the American College of Cardiology.
• 10:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: Ten-year outcome of complete or infarct artery, only revascularization and steamy with multivessel disease, the Denami-Three Primalties Study.
• 11:07
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background The long-term outcomes of complete revascularization in ST segment elevation, myocardial infarction, steamy, and multivessel disease is unknown conclusions.
• 11:19
  [SPEAKER_01]: FFR guided complete revascularization, reduced future and repeated events compared with infarct related artery only after ten years.
• 11:27
  [SPEAKER_01]: The risk was mainly driven by revascularization, with no reduction in myocardial infarctions or death.
• 11:40
  [SPEAKER_01]: from jammer cardiology.
• 11:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Mode of death in patients with heart failure, with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
• 11:48
  [SPEAKER_01]: The finiorates HF randomized clinical trial.
• 11:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: Question.
• 11:52
  [SPEAKER_01]: What is the breakdown of cost-specific mortality in patients with heart failure, and mildly reduced ejection fraction, hefmerph, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, hefpef, and is cost-specific mortality modified by phoneronon, findings.
• 12:07
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this pre-specified secondary analysis of the Feneranone trial to investigate efficacy and safety superior to placebo, in patients with heart failure, Feneer's HF, randomized clinical trial of HF-MeraV-slash-FP, roughly one-half of deaths were ascribed to cardiovascular causes, principally, sudden death, or HF progression.
• 12:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: The proportion of all cause, cardiovascular and sudden death, was higher in those with F less than fifty percent, and regardless of F, randomization to Feneranon did not significantly reduce death or cause-specific death, meaning results suggest that among patients with hoofmurf slash F-pef, sudden death and death from HF accounted for the majority of cardiovascular deaths.
• 12:52
  [SPEAKER_01]: Feneranon did not modify cause-specific mortality.
• 13:01
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of endocrinology.
• 13:05
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
• 13:10
  [SPEAKER_01]: Tumor volume doubling, time of less than one year is associated with a higher risk of death, from medallary thyroid cancer.
• 13:17
  [SPEAKER_01]: Context.
• 13:19
  [SPEAKER_01]: tumor volume doubling time, TVDT, is emerging as a useful tool in predicting oncologic outcomes.
• 13:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: There are limited data on the prognostic role of TVDT in metastatic medallary thyroid cancer, MTC, objective.
• 13:34
  [SPEAKER_01]: The goal of this study was to assess the value of TVDT in predicting disease-specific survival, DSS, in patients with hereditary and sporadic MTCs inclusion.
• 13:45
  [SPEAKER_01]: Measurements from three baseline and three most recent scans preceding follow-up visit, enable calculation of TVDT, and can be used as predictors of mortality from MTC.
• 14:03
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from diabetes care.
• 14:05
  [SPEAKER_01]: Associations of AMH in mid-reproductive years with bone mineral density and turnover markers in mid-life.
• 14:12
  [SPEAKER_01]: Context.
• 14:14
  [SPEAKER_01]: The concentration of circulating antimularian hormone AMH.
• 14:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: predicts short-term three to five years, bone loss around menopause, whether AMH during mid-reproductive years predicts bone health over a decade later is unknown dot objective.
• 14:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: To study the association of AMH levels and mid-reproductive years with bone density and turnover biomarkers, measured after fourteen years of follow-up conclusion.
• 14:39
  [SPEAKER_01]: Lower AMH during mid-reproductive years is associated with lower BMD and higher bone turnover fourteen years later.
• 14:46
  [SPEAKER_01]: Avarian reserve during mid-reproductive years may be a valuable predictor of long-term bone health.
• 14:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of neurology.
• 15:02
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from neurology.
• 15:04
  [SPEAKER_01]: Risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest among older patients using lemotra gene for epilepsy.
• 15:11
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background and objectives.
• 15:13
  [SPEAKER_01]: Lemotra gene and anti seizure medication.
• 15:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Blocks the activation of voltage-gated sodium channels and reduces the excitability of cardiomyocytes in vitro.
• 15:23
  [SPEAKER_01]: Based on concerns for QT prolongation and case reports of arithmias among lemotrigen users, the U.S.
• 15:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: Food and Drug Administration placed a safety warning on the Mottrigen's label in
• 15:34
  [SPEAKER_01]: However, limited evidence exists on the cardiac risk of lemotra gene in patients with epilepsy.
• 15:40
  [SPEAKER_01]: This study assessed whether lemotra gene users with epilepsy had an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest, VA slash SCA, compared with users of leveteracetam, discussion.
• 15:53
  [SPEAKER_01]: In older adults with epilepsy, Lamotra gene was not associated with an increased risk of VA slash SCA, compared with leveteracetam, including among those with underlying heart disease.
• 16:05
  [SPEAKER_01]: Our findings do not support the reported cardiac risks associated with Lamotra gene or the recent changes to its safety label.
• 16:17
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of pulmonary and critical care.
• 16:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from chest.
• 16:24
  [SPEAKER_01]: Trajectories of interferon gamma release assay results over two years in independent cohorts from China, South Africa, Tanzania, and the United States.
• 16:33
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background
• 16:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: There is an ongoing debate about whether clearance of micobacterium tuberculosis infection occurs and at what magnitude.
• 16:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: Recent studies quantifying uncertainties zones of interferine gamma-release assays, egress, provide a more stringent estimate of reversion, research question.
• 16:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: When accounting for uncertainties zones through stringent cutoffs,
• 16:55
  [SPEAKER_01]: What are the trajectories of Egras results over two years of testing?
• 16:59
  [SPEAKER_01]: Interpretation.
• 17:00
  [SPEAKER_01]: These results suggest high annual rates of Egras reversion, even with the use of uncertainty zones, reversion rates decreased over time from exposure and at older ages.
• 17:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
• 17:21
  [SPEAKER_01]: Ileprost for the treatment of severe septic shock with persistent hypo-perfusion, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
• 17:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: Rational, preclinical and preliminary clinical data suggests that Ileprost may improve tissue-perfusion in septic shock.
• 17:36
  [SPEAKER_01]: However, its effect on organ failure remains unclear.
• 17:40
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objectives
• 17:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: To investigate whether Iliprost provides organ protection in septic shock with hypo profusion, conclusions, among patients with septic shock and persistent hypo profusion, Iliprost did not reduce the severity of organ failure.
• 18:01
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of nephrology.
• 18:04
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology.
• 18:09
  [SPEAKER_01]: Decision readiness and determinants of KRT among veterans with advanced CKD.
• 18:14
  [SPEAKER_01]: Key points.
• 18:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Most prevalent patients with advanced CKD are unable to select any KRT modality for themselves, highlighting concerns with advanced CKD clinical care.
• 18:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Prior receipt of KRT directed education is associated with greater KRT decision readiness and home dialysis selection.
• 18:33
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objective disease knowledge is among the strongest and most modifiable predictors of the KRT decision readiness, its quality, and home dialysis choice.
• 18:48
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from kidney international reports.
• 18:52
  [SPEAKER_01]: Low energy diets for obesity and CKD.
• 18:55
  [SPEAKER_01]: Slow CKD randomized feasibility study introduction.
• 18:59
  [SPEAKER_01]: Low energy diets, LEDs, may slow disease progression.
• 19:03
  [SPEAKER_01]: However, their effects are under-researched in chronic kidney disease, CKD.
• 19:08
  [SPEAKER_01]: This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of an LED weight management program in adults with obesity and CKD conclusion.
• 19:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: LEDs under professional guidance are safe and feasible for weight loss and adults with obesity and CKD kidney disease.
• 19:23
  [SPEAKER_01]: Improving global outcomes stages G-One together, a definitive RCT to assess their effects on clinical outcomes and CKD progression is warranted.
• 19:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: Thank you for listening to this week in medicine, your filtered medical journal summary.
• 19:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: Have a great week ahead, stay blessed and be humane.