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Racing to the Moon: How NASCAR Found Its Way into Space · BREAK/FIX the Motorsports & Vehicle Enthusiast Variety Show

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Brake Fix's History of Motorsports series is brought to you in part
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by the International Motor Racing Research Center, as well as the
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Society of Automotive Historians, the Watkins Glen Area Chamber of
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Commerce, and the Argettsinger family.
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Racing to the moon, NASCAR in space.
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By Dr.
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Mark D Howell.
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Mark Howell has been involved with motor sports his entire life.
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As a teenager, he tagged along with the NASCAR modified pit crew of Brett
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Bodine, who raced out of Howell's hometown of Dallas, Pennsylvania.
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He earned a bachelor's of arts and a master's of arts from Penn state
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and a PhD in American culture studies from Bowling Green State University.
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His dissertation evolved from Moonshine to Madison Avenue, a cultural history
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of the NASCAR Winston Cup series published by the Popular Press,
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University of Wisconsin Press in 1997.
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Howell is professor of communications at Northwestern
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Michigan College in Traverse City.
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He lives with his wife and son and two dogs in the village of
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Sutton's Bay on Lake Michigan.
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This presentation examines the 2023 alliance between Leidos, the
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international high tech engineering firm, And NASCAR to build a next
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generation lunar roving vehicle.
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The paper looks at the adaptation of motorsports culture by the aerospace
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industry as space exploration grows more privatized and commercialized.
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Additionally, the presentation looks at the history of NASA's LRV program
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and how astronauts saw their rovers through the context of automobile racing.
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Both Leidos, Dynetics, and NASCAR are relying on particular language,
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imagery, and historic legacies to justify their partnership while
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trying to earn NASA's new LRV contract by the end of November 2023.
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Our next presenter, good friend of mine for many years now, Professor
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Mark Powell, is going to talk about something that got my attention,
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racing to the moon, NASCAR in space.
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Mark, it's yours.
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This is part of a project that's been ongoing and it's started off as
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kind of a vanity project because I grew up following the space program
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like everybody else wanting to be an astronaut and then realizing I just
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didn't have the right stuff as they say.
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I have applied to be an astronaut but I was turned down.
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But then my interest in motorsports and growing up around motorsports.
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I saw a connection between the manned space program And motor racing.
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I started doing some research, that was probably five or six years ago.
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This thing is really kind of, as I said, taking a life of its own.
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With that, we will get into this.
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I've got some video, so bear with me.
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I've got just a few couple of minute clips that we can look at.
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My mother, Virginia, loved three things.
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Her family, naturally, NASCAR competition, she was a huge NASCAR fan, and the
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music of Vaughn Monroe, the band leader with a baritone voice and a catalog
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of hit recordings that included the famous 1941 tune, Racing with the Moon.
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Little did anyone guess that at some point, stock cars and
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this World War II era song would collide in a form of corporate and
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technological connection in 2023.
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It was this past April when Leidos, a Virginia based high tech engineering and
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design firm serving the defense, health, and intelligence sectors, announced
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its technical affiliation with NASCAR.
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A statement coming just as the sanctioning body began celebrating
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its 75th anniversary in sports.
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Their partnership ultimately resulted in a next gen Lunar Terrain Vehicle,
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or LTV, for NASA's return to the moon.
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through its impending Artemis program.
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The Leidos NASCAR LTV debuted in Colorado at the Space
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Foundation's 38th Space Symposium.
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And this is a clip from the unveiling.
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Hi everybody, I'm Jonathan Pettis, Senior Vice President for Aerospace,
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Civil, and Defense at Leidos.
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And again, thank you all for being here, and thanks to Pete for being here.
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We're super excited.
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About this partnership.
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I think the goals and the themes and the emphasis areas that NASCAR has
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for the future are shared greatly with what NASA is pursuing and what one of
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the reasons we're so proud to partner with NASA on the Artemis program.
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And as you have a chance during the next couple of days to visit our
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booth, you'll see a wide variety of things we're doing in the space.
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world, but obviously several different roles in the Artemis campaign.
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We couldn't be more proud to be part of that.
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From the NASCAR partnership perspective, their deep experience and capability
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in developing high performance vehicles in harsh environments is something
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that obviously can help us a great deal as we engineer this vehicle.
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And so we're looking forward to tapping into that talent.
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For example, the most recent effort they've had in designing
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their next June race car.
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If you look at some of the principles that they use to develop that new
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vehicle, they're shared with some of the criteria and principles that NASA needs
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for a sustainable lunar terrain vehicle.
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In terms of the focus on fast and agile maintenance, agile replacement of
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parts, designing for maintainability, who could be better at that problem?
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Then an organization that has to focus on high speed maintenance and pit stops.
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And so taking that innovation and their experience in that we think
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is really important to how we want to approach this problem again to
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develop a safe and sustainable vehicle.
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And then finally NASCAR.
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is very good at connecting sponsors, and we are excited about what that
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may mean in terms of our commercial plans for the future and how
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we can leverage their expertise relative to our commercial pursuits.
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We think there's a lot of opportunity there, and so
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we're super excited about that.
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So without further ado, I think we have Steve and Pete in pole position.
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So, ladies and gentlemen, I have introduced to you the Leidos
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NASCAR Lunar Terrain Vehicle.
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Leidos
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sought out NASCAR in part, as you heard, because of the organization's
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development and implementation of its next gen Cup Series race car.
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This version of stock car It's been in use since 2022, and it continues the
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tradition of NASCAR's somewhat creative interpretation of the term stock.
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The next gen, or Gen 7 car, is what you might call a spec vehicle.
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Cars are built according to a rigid set of guidelines using specially
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manufactured components sold to teams by NASCAR approved companies.
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Using standardized parts and pieces registered with an official UPC is
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intended, theoretically at least, to lower costs and eliminate advantages
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enjoyed by better equipped teams.
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Next gen cars use chassis built by a single supplier.
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With standardized front and rear clips for consistency,
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ease of replacement, and safety.
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We saw this system in operation last season when NASCAR re engineered rear
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clips after Alex Bowman and Kurt Busch were both injured in rear end collisions
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when impact energy was transferred into the cockpits of their cars.
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So much to the point that Busch actually had to retire from
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competition because of his injuries.
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The Next Gen Cup Series cars also run composite body panels that are
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easier to use, easier to maintain, and more difficult to massage, shall
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we say, into an advantageous shape.
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A forward thinking feature of the Next Gen Cup car is its ability
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to accommodate hybrid technology.
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The car runs on 18 inch wheels that allow not only for larger
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brakes, but for the addition of regenerative equipment as well.
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As the automobile industry looks to both hybrid and fully electric
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vehicles, so too does NASCAR.
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Given its emphasis on consistent components and energy conservation, maybe
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it's no wonder that a cutting edge systems development firm like Leidos came calling.
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Leidos Dianetics, the aerospace division of Leidos, also forged relationships
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with recognized motor racing entities like Roush Industries and Moog
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Suspension Components, both of which have long standing ties to NASCAR.
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A key element of these partnerships is NASCAR's ability to develop, quote,
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high performance vehicles for harsh environments, as you heard the Leidos
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executives say in the press conference.
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A far more interesting notion, however, is NASCAR's ability to attract
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corporate and industry sponsors.
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You also heard that comment made.
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Especially as modern space exploration becomes privatized and commercialized.
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Leidos was founded in 1969 and today is a Fortune 500 company boasting
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a little over 46, 000 employees.
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The firm began as Science Applications Incorporated.
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With initial clients like Los Alamos National Laboratory and
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the Air Force Weapons Laboratory.
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SAI supervised the cleanup at Three Mile Island in 1979.
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I went to graduate school right across the river from Three Mile Island.
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You could see it from the parking lot at the college when you were...
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And the company also helped engineer the boat Stars and Stripes to
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victory in the America's Cup in 1987.
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In 2013, SAI split into a next generation of sorts of SAI
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and a new firm called Leidos.
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Leidos fosters a corporate culture of diversity, equality,
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and inclusion, or DEI.
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The company became a primary sponsor of Bubba Wallace's No.
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23 Fast Car Cup Series Toyota Camry in 2022.
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In the words of Leidos CEO Roger Krohn, and I quote, Bubba's efforts have
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paved the way for real change while advancing a culture of inclusion and
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diversity in NASCAR and across the world.
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We see this as much more than a sponsorship.
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It's an opportunity to showcase our shared values.
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We are proud to have Bubba Wallace representing Leidos.
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Both on and off the track.
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Bubba Wallace represented Leidos in April at the unveiling of its prototype Lunar
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Terrain Vehicle, a project seeking a NASA contract for the Artemis program.
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The Artemis program is a good match for Leidos, given the program's attention
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to DEI initiatives and guidelines.
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The first Lunar Orbital Mission, which is scheduled for 2025, will
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carry both a female astronaut and an astronaut of color.
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The same demographic NASA wants when astronauts return to the
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Moon's surface in the years to come.
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Accommodating the size of a female astronaut was part of Leidos
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initial LTV planning, but other factors were considered as well.
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Those other factors were where NASCAR came in.
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Leidos considered NASCAR given the organization's 75 year history
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of innovation and adaptability to all manner of extreme situations.
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Now, granted, a Sunday afternoon at Martinsville or Michigan...
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isn't nearly as challenging on a vehicle as a Sunday afternoon on the moon, but the
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folks at Leidos weren't about to quibble.
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Partnering with NASCAR during its Diamond Jubilee is about more
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than just winning a NASA contract.
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The partnership between Leidos and NASCAR is a most interesting affiliation.
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While Leidos recognizes NASCAR for its innovative approach to Cup Series
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racing, NASCAR recognizes Leidos as a corporate entity backing not only the
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sports foray into interesting new markets like the Chicago Street Race, but also
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a team co owned by perhaps the greatest basketball player in the game's history.
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Michael Jordan, by the way, if you didn't know.
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What Leidos and NASCAR provide are not only new opportunities in motorsports,
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but also technological opportunities that harken back to the days of the Cold War.
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America's space race with the Russians got off to a rough start in the
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early 1960s, but Uncle Sam got her dialed in by the end of the decade.
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When Apollo 8 reached lunar orbit in 1968, and when Apollo 11 reached the
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moon's surface in 1969, the race was over.
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Those successes, ironically, led to the demise of future Apollo missions.
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With only six lunar flights remaining on what became a reduced schedule,
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NASA had to work smarter, not harder.
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Say hello to the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the most technologically
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interesting and aesthetically pragmatic machine ever built.
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General Motors teamed with Boeing and Goodyear To develop the golf cart sized,
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all electric, all wheel drive, two seater, with both front and rear steering, just
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like a monster truck, capable of hauling about a thousand pounds at six miles
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an hour, a total distance of 40 miles.
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Made from aluminum, fiberglass, and kapton for thermal protection, and with
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wheels fashioned from flexible woven wire mesh, the LRV folded to fit in
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the descent stage of the lunar module.
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The vehicle could be unloaded and assembled by two astronauts in one sixth
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Earth's gravity in about ten minutes.
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The LRVs on Apollo 15, 16, and 17 The LRVs enabled astronauts to explore
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terrain far away from their lunar modules.
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The LRVs also enabled astronauts to explore their
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innermost competitive natures.
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Mission commanders who began as military test pilots cut from the same
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genetic cloth as race car drivers.
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pushed these moon buggies to their mechanical limits.
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Apollo 15's Dave Scott drove the first Grand Prix, as it was called,
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and reached a top speed of 6 miles an hour before the rear wheels lost
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traction and his LRV started to slide.
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John Young, commander of Apollo 16, reached about six miles an hour
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as well before his rear wheels, likewise, lost grip and slid.
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And here is NASA footage of John Young doing his Grand Prix.
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In 1972.
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Okay, I'm ready.
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I'm not gonna
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go the other way.
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Okay.
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Here is Sharpie.
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Yeah,
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that sounds good.
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That sounds like we've probably got enough.
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Charlie Duke, who you heard narrating the Grand Prix there.
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Also, on a couple of occasions enthusiastically compared John Young
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to racing legend Barney Ofield, making two distinct references to America's
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Speed King during recorded EVA communications with flight controllers.
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At one point, actually, they didn't know who he was talking about, so
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then he had to explain, in kind of an aside, who Barney Oldfield was.
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And once he explained it, then everything was okay.
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During Apollo 17, Commander Gene Cernan did what any truly competitive
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racer would do, and simply reinterpreted the rules of the event.
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His Grand Prix resulted in a top speed of 11.
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2 miles per hour, but only because he ran a downhill route.
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Cernan's LRV record has stood for more than 50 years.
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But who's to say the 2023 Leidos NASCAR LTV won't shatter Cernan's 1972 mark?
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Preliminary data suggests the new vehicle will have a top speed of 9.
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3 mph and a gradeability of more than 20 degrees.
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Add a female astronaut and a downhill route, and it's likely
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NASCAR will be truly renowned for what it brought to the project.
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A competitive focus based on next gen inspired design principles, like
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fast and agile maintenance that are also useful for a lunar rover, as we
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heard during the press conference.
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An old school NASCAR mindset was necessary when it came to fast and
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agile maintenance on the Apollo LRVs.
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On Apollo 17, an errant rock hammer broke the right rear fender.
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causing thick clouds of moon dust to cover the astronauts and all
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of their sensitive equipment.
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Gene Cernan made a quick repair using lunar maps, duct tape, and
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clamps, building a replacement fender, and earning himself
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lifetime membership in the Auto Body Association of America in the process.
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We used to see spur of the moment, seat of the pants problem solving
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like this in NASCAR all the time.
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But the standardized and compartmentalized nature of the next gen cup car has
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turned creative thinking into more of a remove and replace reality.
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Despite all of this, Leidos still waxes romantically about the NASCAR of old.
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Here's a video the company released recently on YouTube.
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President Kennedy, in a speech at Rice University, committed the United States
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to being the first nation to put a man...
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Not because they are easy, but because they are hard.
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Because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best
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of our energies and skills.
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Because that challenge is one that we're willing to accept,
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and one we intend to win.
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Ignition sequence starts.
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Three, two, one.
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We have a liftoff.
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Throughout our history, we move forward.
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From advancements in engineering, to pushing the limits of what
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we once deemed impossible.
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Forward isn't just our trajectory.
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It's the whole point.
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Keep running, flat out!
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That's the, the Eagle has landed.
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Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah!
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We are the champions, yes!
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We choose to move forward.
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Not because it's easy, but because it's hard.
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From breaking the barriers of space.
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To shattering glass ceilings for those whose guts and determination move us
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past our limits to unimagined heights.
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Our history is one of innovation and ingenuity.
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After all, always forward has no limits.
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Any questions?
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Alright, let me leave you with this.
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We do this.
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We choose to go to the moon.
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Not because it's easy.
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Because it's hard.
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Okay, I'm just gonna do a little editorial aside here.
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If you'll notice, under diversity and equality, they show a
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picture of Danica Patrick.
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To me, if I were on the creative team, I would have had footage of Janet Guthrie,
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because Janet Guthrie was actually an aerospace engineer, and actually knew her
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way around the inner workings of a car.
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And she was a woman.
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Danica Patrick, I think now she just does podcasts that are
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like conspiracy theory things.
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I don't know, just an editorial aside there.
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I will move on now.
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The relationship Leidos has developed with NASCAR is two fold.
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One aspect of the partnership focuses on more recent NASCAR innovations.
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Not just the next gen car, but also this past summer's Garage 56 NASCAR by
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way of IMSA project we saw at Le Mans.
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The other aspect celebrates NASCAR's sociocultural and almost mythic connection
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to American automobile history, seen here in Kyle Busch's Toyota Camry.
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Lido sees NASCAR as a celebration of grassroots ingenuity and what we
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cultural historians often refer to as rugged determination or individualism.
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Achieving success according to your dreams, your goals, and your work ethic.
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As I see it, Leidos is relying on particularly strategic language and
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particularly specific historical narratives, including President Kennedy's
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1962 speech at Rice University, to validate its technical and professional
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affiliation with NASCAR while trying to earn NASA's contractual approval.
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The Artemis LTV competition is down to a handful of aerospace automotive
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affiliations, including partnerships between Lockheed Martin and General
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Motors, Teledyne, Toyota, and Bridgestone, and Northrop Grumman with Michelin.
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Since NASCAR hopes to award the LTV contract to its chosen recipient, By
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the end of this month, NASCAR finds itself squarely in the middle of a
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closely watched, competitive, and entirely next gen race to the moon.
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And with that, I'll take whatever questions folks might have.
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What happened to the vehicles?
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Are they still on the moon?
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And are they workable, or?
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There are three still on the moon, Apollo 15, 16, and 17.
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They left those vehicles behind.
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Conditions on the moon are very difficult.
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What people say is that the American flags that were left
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behind probably don't exist.
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If they are there, they're bleached to almost transparent
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because of the solar radiation.
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These vehicles might still be runnable.
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I mean, they were battery powered.
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They didn't exhaust the batteries at all.
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They only ran them limited miles.
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So, there's a possibility if you got there, they would still run.
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But they are located at different points where the astronauts left them.
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There was a fourth vehicle built that was essentially used
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for sort of archival purposes.
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And for testing on Earth.
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GM and Boeing built what they called a 1G version.
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It was essentially a Earth bound version.
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It had Goodyear tires on it.
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It was the exact same vehicle, ran on batteries, had the front and rear
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steering that the astronauts would use for training purposes on Earth.
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So they could learn how to negotiate rugged terrain and
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hills and things like that.
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A couple of those test vehicles are still around.
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But the originals are still on the lunar surface.
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Mark, I thought the video was fascinating.
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Really slick, a kind of techno patriotism with a good old boy spin.
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Who's the intended audience?
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Is this a tool to influence the decision making that you mentioned,
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or is there some larger audience?
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I think that's twofold in and of itself.
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The key here that Leidos isn't really playing up is the
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corporate sponsorship connection.
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One of their main reasons for signing on with NASCAR was, yeah, NASCAR's got
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technology and it's got innovation and all that kind of stuff, but it also
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has that strong corporate connection.
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It's what we've seen in NASCAR forever.
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NASCAR sells products.
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Lytos sees NASCAR as being sort of a money magnet and getting
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that kind of commercial input.
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Especially, as I said, the space program now is becoming much more
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commercialized and privatized.
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If you're going to compete against the Jeff Bezos's and the Elon Musks.
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You're going to have to have a sugar daddy who's paying some of the
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bills and the federal government's not going to be able to do it.
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So there's that idea.
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But yeah, the video is very interesting.
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And this is actually the second one they produced.
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They produced one right about the time of the debut.
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I actually tried to find that one because that one was
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laden with historical footage.
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You know, they showed pictures of Neil Armstrong and they showed pictures of the
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Saturn five, but then it was juxtaposed.
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with the next gen car.
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There was really no historical quotient.
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It was just the next gen car and Apollo footage.
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Now they've kind of backed off and they're doing that whole sort of nostalgic thing.
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The shade tree mechanic, the race car that's built in a
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shed out behind the house.
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And then tying it in to all of that sort of cold war.
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And notice that you don't see anything about NASA other than the moon program.
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Because that's the key here.
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This vehicle is all about getting the contract to go to the moon.
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Very, very highly sort of socio political, technical kind of.
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Mark, you talk about the commercialization business.
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General Motors provided Corvettes to the first astronauts, correct?
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Yep.
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And as a PR stunt, and some of the astronauts became race drivers.
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I think of Pete Conrad, he raced here in the Toyota Celebrity Race once.
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I remember Pete came here to try to qualify for the six hour race.
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Just fell short.
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He didn't make it.
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His time was too slow.
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But yeah, I mean, there is this GM connection.
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And GM was a principal player in the original Lunar Roving Vehicle.
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It's interesting that GM is now working with Lockheed Martin.
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So they've separated themselves.
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It's kind of like Ben there done that.
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Lydos really jumped in here when they said that they partnered with NASCAR.
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I mean, I could see a company like Lydos partnering with,
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let's say, a Formula One team.
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Because if you're talking technology and cutting edge sort
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of development, yeah, there you go.
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But to be sort of saying, well, because of the next gen car, and this whole idea
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of quick maintenance and durability, I can guarantee you if something breaks on this
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new lunar roving vehicle, The astronauts, they're not gonna put it on the crash
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clock and try to repair the thing.
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If it stops working, if they can't get it going again, they're just gonna ditch it.
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The Apollo 15 mission almost did that.
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Dave Scott and Jim Irwin unloaded the lunar rover.
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They unfolded it, got it together.
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They hooked the batteries up and they couldn't get voltage.
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They couldn't get a reading that there was any power in the batteries.
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It took them sort of talking with engineers in Houston.
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To make adjustments and, you know, switch wires and do this kind of thing.
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And they eventually got it working.
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But again, it's that whole sort of mythic notion.
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You know, well, NASCAR is all about bare bond and duct tape and chewing gum.
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And that's what gets cars back out there.
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And you can still win races.
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Dale Earnhardt just about totaled a car.
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They brought it in.
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And he went back out and was competitive.
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And we'll see how this contract goes.
29:59
Because they may not even get the contract.
30:02
It's quite possible that this will fall through.
30:04
But it's an interesting campaign.
30:06
Thank you, Mark.
30:07
I don't know how you do it, but you keep copying your previous one.
30:10
That, that's amazing.
30:14
Thank you.
30:15
Thank you, Mark.
30:21
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