Latest / Beheaded / Burnt to a Cosmic Crisp | Giordano Bruno

Transcript

Burnt to a Cosmic Crisp | Giordano Bruno · Beheaded

• 0:04
  SPEAKER_00: Hello and welcome to Beheaded.
• 0:07
  SPEAKER_00: Welcome to season three, episode two.
• 0:09
  SPEAKER_00: I'm Megan Moore, and I'm Elizabeth Black.
• 0:12
  SPEAKER_00: Elizabeth just tried to take a large gulp of wine right when we got started.
• 0:16
  SPEAKER_02: Megan had like a bunch of false starts, and I kept trying to drink my wine while she was fucking up.
• 0:21
  SPEAKER_02: And I just couldn't sneak one in.
• 0:24
  SPEAKER_02: So I'm gonna have one now and you can one glass later after all whatever you have to say.
• 0:29
  SPEAKER_00: It's a bit of It's fine.
• 0:32
  SPEAKER_00: You can drink.
• 0:32
  SPEAKER_00: No, I am I am just continue.
• 0:35
  SPEAKER_00: Everyone knows how we function here.
• 0:38
  SPEAKER_00: They're all Italian wines.
• 0:47
  SPEAKER_00: A little bit of foreshadowing on what we will be discussing this evening.
• 0:51
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 0:52
  SPEAKER_00: And Megan made broccetta.
• 0:54
  SPEAKER_00: I did make bruschetta.
• 0:55
  SPEAKER_00: It's really great.
• 0:56
  SPEAKER_00: Thanks.
• 0:57
  SPEAKER_00: The trick I've learned when you make the actual like French baguette part and you toast it.
• 1:02
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 1:03
  SPEAKER_00: Um, you do like your olive oil on it and then you also rub garlic on it.
• 1:08
  SPEAKER_00: Yes, and that's it.
• 1:08
  SPEAKER_00: And then you put it in the oven and toast it.
• 1:11
  SPEAKER_02: That's essential for many breads.
• 1:12
  SPEAKER_02: Even just like a nice avocado toast.
• 1:14
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 1:14
  SPEAKER_02: You know, just a little bit.
• 1:15
  SPEAKER_02: Rub the garlic.
• 1:17
  SPEAKER_02: Or like, you know, you some people think you have to like mince the garlic or even like, you know, uh dice it.
• 1:22
  SPEAKER_02: It's like honestly, if you just like peel it and just spread a tiny little bit across.
• 1:27
  SPEAKER_00: Not even spread.
• 1:28
  SPEAKER_00: I I honestly just take a hard piece and rub it and then throw it throw it out afterwards.
• 1:33
  SPEAKER_02: Rub me all up with garlic.
• 1:34
  SPEAKER_02: Love so I'm a little sneaky of garlic right now.
• 1:37
  SPEAKER_02: That's okay.
• 1:37
  SPEAKER_02: We're sitting really close, just breathing in each other's garlic smells.
• 1:40
  SPEAKER_00: It's nice.
• 1:42
  SPEAKER_02: I love it.
• 1:42
  SPEAKER_00: It's been a very exhausting weekend.
• 1:46
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 1:47
  SPEAKER_00: For me, mentally, physically, a lot going on.
• 1:50
  SPEAKER_00: For those who are unaware, I am a very big Taylor Swift fan.
• 1:56
  SPEAKER_00: Like, I think they know.
• 1:57
  SPEAKER_00: Especially.
• 1:58
  SPEAKER_00: But for new listeners, Swifty at heart.
• 2:01
  SPEAKER_00: You should know now.
• 2:02
  SPEAKER_00: I've said this before.
• 2:03
  SPEAKER_00: If I were to ever meet Taylor, my pickup line would be, I am also a 1989 baby, just like she was.
• 2:10
  SPEAKER_00: I bet she never gets that.
• 2:11
  SPEAKER_00: Is I mean, there's a small selection of population that could say I'm a 1989 baby.
• 2:18
  SPEAKER_00: I don't know.
• 2:18
  SPEAKER_00: She has a whole album called 1989.
• 2:20
  SPEAKER_02: 300,000 people that will come up to her and say that.
• 2:22
  SPEAKER_00: I mean, I don't know the stats.
• 2:24
  SPEAKER_00: She's December 13th, 1989.
• 2:26
  SPEAKER_00: I'm September 13th, 1989.
• 2:29
  SPEAKER_00: That is true.
• 2:29
  SPEAKER_00: You have that.
• 2:30
  SPEAKER_00: I'm exactly three months older than her, and I really feel like we could be best friends if we ever met.
• 2:36
  SPEAKER_00: Thanks for that.
• 2:38
  SPEAKER_00: I would probably put her ahead of you.
• 2:40
  SPEAKER_00: I'm sorry.
• 2:40
  SPEAKER_02: Cut me out real fast after you meet Taylor.
• 2:42
  SPEAKER_02: It's fine.
• 2:43
  SPEAKER_00: This is what I had to keep up with this week.
• 2:45
  SPEAKER_00: Her red album, Taylor's Version, came out.
• 2:48
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 2:49
  SPEAKER_00: She was on Jimmy Fallon, Seth Myers, SML.
• 2:52
  SPEAKER_00: Did you watch all of these?
• 2:54
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 2:54
  SPEAKER_00: Wow.
• 2:54
  SPEAKER_00: Not live.
• 2:55
  SPEAKER_00: I had to watch them on YouTube because I don't have cable, but I still watched them.
• 2:58
  SPEAKER_00: Yes, yes.
• 2:59
  SPEAKER_00: Um, her all-too well short film came out.
• 3:01
  SPEAKER_00: She had her premiere for her all too well short film.
• 3:04
  SPEAKER_00: And then her latest music video directed with Blake Lively just came out.
• 3:10
  SPEAKER_02: I love Blake Lively.
• 3:11
  SPEAKER_00: There was.
• 3:12
  SPEAKER_00: Did you ever see?
• 3:14
  SPEAKER_00: I probably didn't.
• 3:14
  SPEAKER_00: You don't follow this stuff.
• 3:16
  SPEAKER_00: I might.
• 3:16
  SPEAKER_00: I mean, I've been kind of bad on social media, but I think maybe so Blake Lively and Taylor Swift and Ryan Reynolds are all best friends.
• 3:24
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, you can't.
• 3:25
  SPEAKER_00: And her kids, Blake and Ryan's kids, are mentioned a lot in her folklore songs.
• 3:30
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 3:30
  SPEAKER_00: Like, even before, even in Reputation, the song that goes gorgeous.
• 3:36
  SPEAKER_00: Like that little Limphor says, Gorgeous.
• 3:39
  SPEAKER_00: That's Blake Lively's daughter.
• 3:42
  SPEAKER_00: That's actually her voice from like a voice recording that she sent Taylor in like a voicemail one day.
• 3:46
  SPEAKER_00: Oh, that's cute.
• 3:47
  SPEAKER_00: And she took out that like clip from her voicemail and put it into the song.
• 3:50
  SPEAKER_00: Anyways, they have like a big history.
• 3:52
  SPEAKER_00: I like that.
• 3:53
  SPEAKER_00: And on Halloween, there's all these cute pictures of them trick-or-treating together.
• 3:57
  SPEAKER_00: Oh, that's a lot of things.
• 3:59
  SPEAKER_01: Blake lively and Ryan Reynolds.
• 4:00
  SPEAKER_01: They're hilarious.
• 4:01
  SPEAKER_00: Very big Taylor weekend.
• 4:02
  SPEAKER_00: I'm exhausted.
• 4:04
  SPEAKER_00: I'm satisfied.
• 4:06
  SPEAKER_00: I'm I've cried a lot this weekend.
• 4:08
  SPEAKER_00: You know, I think that's good.
• 4:09
  SPEAKER_02: I kind of like that she's doing this whole re-release of everything.
• 4:12
  SPEAKER_02: Because I mean, I don't, again, I don't follow Taylor as closely as Megan does.
• 4:15
  SPEAKER_02: But from what I've seen just here and there, you know, on different media outlets over the weekend, they say a lot of what her what she's coming out with now is even more impactful now that she's older and has kind of a different take on everything that she did when she was younger.
• 4:28
  SPEAKER_02: So I think that's kind of cool.
• 4:29
  SPEAKER_02: It's like revisiting yourself from 10 years ago, but it means something different now.
• 4:34
  SPEAKER_02: You know, and that's just growing up.
• 4:35
  SPEAKER_02: That's just time.
• 4:36
  SPEAKER_02: I like that.
• 4:37
  SPEAKER_02: It's all better.
• 4:38
  SPEAKER_02: It's all better.
• 4:39
  SPEAKER_00: How was your weekend?
• 4:40
  SPEAKER_02: It was good.
• 4:41
  SPEAKER_02: It was good.
• 4:42
  SPEAKER_02: Um, I went to the Mean Girls musical, which was a ton of fun.
• 4:47
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so I like Mean Girls is like a cult film, right?
• 4:51
  SPEAKER_02: From 2005.
• 4:52
  SPEAKER_02: I love it.
• 4:53
  SPEAKER_02: It came out.
• 4:53
  SPEAKER_02: We were literally, I'm like the exact same age as the Mean Girls Girls.
• 4:57
  SPEAKER_02: So when they were juniors in high school when the movie came out, I was a junior in high school and I saw it three times in theaters.
• 5:02
  SPEAKER_02: Wow, I know.
• 5:03
  SPEAKER_02: And then I even made um the girls from the office like dress up as mean girls a few years ago, like back when you know we used to have office life.
• 5:10
  SPEAKER_02: Um so I just like when it came to Phoenix, I was like, I have to get tickets.
• 5:14
  SPEAKER_02: So I went, um, I took my sister.
• 5:16
  SPEAKER_02: I hope she appreciated it.
• 5:17
  SPEAKER_02: You know, I think it's a little like again, we're so far apart in age that I think she didn't like it, she gets it, but not the extent I got it, you know.
• 5:25
  SPEAKER_02: I'm like, this is my this is mean.
• 5:26
  SPEAKER_02: Were you a mean girl in high school?
• 5:28
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know.
• 5:29
  SPEAKER_02: I don't think so.
• 5:30
  SPEAKER_02: You were a cheerleader.
• 5:31
  SPEAKER_02: I was, but I wasn't mean.
• 5:34
  SPEAKER_02: That's what the mean girls always say.
• 5:36
  SPEAKER_00: So nice to everyone.
• 5:37
  SPEAKER_02: In that tone.
• 5:38
  SPEAKER_02: I was never mean.
• 5:40
  SPEAKER_02: No, I don't think so.
• 5:41
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know.
• 5:42
  SPEAKER_02: I asked someone else who went to my high school.
• 5:44
  SPEAKER_02: I'm not a good judge of that.
• 5:45
  SPEAKER_02: But Mean Girls was good.
• 5:46
  SPEAKER_02: Yes.
• 5:46
  SPEAKER_02: But Mean Girls was good.
• 5:47
  SPEAKER_02: Um, I will say, like, again, I love the movie, I love the characters, I love all the like, you know, funny quotes that come out of the movie.
• 5:54
  SPEAKER_02: But I wasn't a huge fan of the music.
• 5:57
  SPEAKER_02: Like, you know, when you walk out of a musical and you're like, oh my god, like every song hit, and I was just sticks with like still reciting all the lyrics.
• 6:03
  SPEAKER_02: Like, that didn't happen in this show.
• 6:05
  SPEAKER_02: Like the music happened, and I walked out being like, I don't know if I'll ever listen to that music again.
• 6:09
  SPEAKER_00: I like Karen's songs.
• 6:11
  SPEAKER_00: You first songs actually you showed me that before I even went to the musical.
• 6:14
  SPEAKER_00: That was fun.
• 6:16
  SPEAKER_02: So just if you haven't seen the The Mean Girls show, and you if you know Mean Girls at all, like Karen is the stupid one of the clique.
• 6:22
  SPEAKER_02: So she just comes on stage and the song is just so simple and dumb, and she's just like, My name is Karen, my hair is shiny.
• 6:32
  SPEAKER_02: Like, I forget, but it's like it's like my skirt is tiny.
• 6:36
  SPEAKER_02: Like, it's just so simple, and then she just stops and she's like, That's all, and like walks away.
• 6:41
  SPEAKER_02: So hers was hilarious because it was just so perfect for the character.
• 6:45
  SPEAKER_02: But aside from her, like I couldn't tell you one song that came out of the musical.
• 6:48
  SPEAKER_00: But it was overall a fun night, you know.
• 6:50
  SPEAKER_00: I also saw a musical, you did, and it was much more stickable.
• 6:56
  unknown: Stuck.
• 6:56
  SPEAKER_00: I saw Rocky Horror Show live.
• 6:59
  SPEAKER_00: My first time ever seeing it live.
• 7:00
  SPEAKER_00: I've never seen that.
• 7:01
  SPEAKER_00: I went with Dr.
• 7:02
  SPEAKER_00: John.
• 7:03
  SPEAKER_00: Dr.
• 7:03
  SPEAKER_00: John, maybe you damn it.
• 7:06
  SPEAKER_00: Uh he took me because he's a doctor.
• 7:10
  SPEAKER_02: Because he's a doctor.
• 7:12
  SPEAKER_02: Thus, he took me to the show.
• 7:13
  SPEAKER_02: Um and you had front room.
• 7:15
  SPEAKER_00: Oh my gosh, it was so fun.
• 7:17
  SPEAKER_00: It's just like so flamboyant and so colorful.
• 7:21
  SPEAKER_02: Okay, can I raise my hand and say, I have no idea what that show is about?
• 7:26
  SPEAKER_00: We've never seen it.
• 7:27
  SPEAKER_00: We've never seen it.
• 7:28
  SPEAKER_00: I've never seen the movie or always heard of it.
• 7:30
  SPEAKER_02: I've always known what it is.
• 7:31
  SPEAKER_00: Have you seen like pictures and like you know of like Tim Curry and his like trans sex?
• 7:35
  SPEAKER_00: Yes, I've seen like what the outfits look like.
• 7:38
  SPEAKER_00: Transsexual.
• 7:39
  SPEAKER_00: But what is what is the whole production about?
• 7:42
  SPEAKER_00: What's the main storyline?
• 7:43
  SPEAKER_00: It's it's very cheesy.
• 7:45
  SPEAKER_00: It's just this like goody goody Brad and Janet who just got engaged, and they're from the 70s, and because that's when it was written.
• 7:54
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 7:54
  SPEAKER_00: And they're just like this cute little couple with her flared skirt and everything, and they get broken down and it's raining, and they show up at a mansion, and they're just like, what did I walk into?
• 8:04
  SPEAKER_00: And then everyone is like, and crazy and weird and just creepy, and they're killing people, and then Rocky Horror.
• 8:12
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, and then they like then they just like create this like perfect man robot named Rocky.
• 8:18
  SPEAKER_00: It's just though Okay, you have to be really I was not high.
• 8:22
  SPEAKER_00: I was But you were not sober.
• 8:24
  SPEAKER_00: I was not sober, but I was tired.
• 8:28
  SPEAKER_00: Um there was a bar there and we had dinner first, but it's just like you have to Jake watched it, the movie completely sober.
• 8:37
  SPEAKER_02: I feel like this is not Jake's company.
• 8:39
  SPEAKER_00: Didn't understand it at all.
• 8:41
  SPEAKER_00: And he even said, like, I think I need to like eat an edible before I even watch this because you're kind of like and it's from the mid-70s, so that was like very progressive.
• 8:52
  SPEAKER_00: Like LSD kind of too.
• 8:53
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, it's just like things happen.
• 8:55
  SPEAKER_00: You're like, what are they doing now?
• 8:56
  SPEAKER_00: Okay, there's a lot of nudity in it.
• 8:58
  SPEAKER_00: There's like a lot of not in the actual show that I'm gonna do it.
• 9:01
  SPEAKER_00: I was gonna say onstage nudity.
• 9:02
  SPEAKER_00: I didn't see onstage nudity.
• 9:04
  SPEAKER_00: I mean, something else butt and bras and yeah, like burlesque type.
• 9:08
  SPEAKER_00: It's like just funny, like Janet ends up just wearing like her lingerie for the entire musical.
• 9:14
  SPEAKER_00: Like, it's just kind of funny and weird, and it's I highly recommend.
• 9:19
  SPEAKER_00: I like it.
• 9:20
  SPEAKER_00: It's the music is really good though.
• 9:22
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, the talent is good, it's and it's so funny.
• 9:25
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 9:26
  SPEAKER_00: And there's it's it's all about having hecklers in the audience and people who have like a cult following of this show, so they all know like the heckling part, and then they'll the the you know the actors will get involved.
• 9:37
  SPEAKER_00: And they didn't do this, but normally it's very interactive.
• 9:41
  SPEAKER_00: There's all these little weird cult things where like you're supposed to come with toast and you throw toast at the actors.
• 9:46
  SPEAKER_00: Like there's all these really weird random like traditions that you're supposed to do.
• 9:52
  SPEAKER_00: They didn't do a lot of that because they said, due to COVID, you aren't supposed to throw anything.
• 9:58
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 9:58
  SPEAKER_00: I mean, it didn't matter that we were all sitting side by side without masks in a theater, but during COVID, you can't have any fucking toast.
• 10:05
  SPEAKER_00: Um and then the last scene, normally the audience runs up on the stage and they do the time warp dance and they go, take a step to the left, and like they do the dance, and it's kind of like the hokey pokey, but better.
• 10:17
  SPEAKER_00: Okay.
• 10:17
  SPEAKER_00: Um, but we weren't allowed to run on stage because of COVID.
• 10:20
  SPEAKER_02: Because of COVID.
• 10:21
  SPEAKER_02: But we could not because of anything else.
• 10:23
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 10:24
  SPEAKER_02: I like that COVID is the ultimate excuse for everything.
• 10:27
  SPEAKER_02: That's why we had delays last season due to COVID.
• 10:29
  SPEAKER_00: Due to COVID, there were extreme delays while we're doing nothing.
• 10:32
  SPEAKER_00: I like that.
• 10:33
  SPEAKER_02: Well, you know, live nothing is like live theater, you know.
• 10:36
  SPEAKER_02: I think now that it's back, because I I'm usually good about saying maybe one or two shows a year, like like musicals and whatever.
• 10:42
  SPEAKER_02: But now that live performances are back, I'm like I'm looking at every like lineup for every theater, and I'm like, what else can I go to?
• 10:51
  SPEAKER_00: Well that's about it.
• 10:53
  SPEAKER_00: We introduced our Italian wine.
• 10:55
  SPEAKER_00: We did.
• 10:56
  SPEAKER_00: We have an Italian person today.
• 10:58
  SPEAKER_00: Very Italian.
• 10:59
  SPEAKER_00: So Italian, I'm having trouble with his name.
• 11:02
  SPEAKER_00: Oh, we got it.
• 11:02
  SPEAKER_00: You I'll let you take a stab at it.
• 11:05
  SPEAKER_00: Tonight, our executionee is Giordano Bruno.
• 11:11
  SPEAKER_00: Giordano Bruno.
• 11:13
  SPEAKER_00: See?
• 11:14
  SPEAKER_00: How do you say it Giordano?
• 11:16
  SPEAKER_00: Giordano.
• 11:16
  SPEAKER_00: Giordano Bruno.
• 11:18
  SPEAKER_02: How I think of it, have you heard of the restaurant Giordano's?
• 11:21
  SPEAKER_02: No.
• 11:21
  SPEAKER_02: There's an Itali Italian, well, it's a pizza restaurant, really.
• 11:24
  SPEAKER_02: Let's call it a pizza restaurant in Chicago, called Giordano's, and it's like Deep Dish Chicago style pizza.
• 11:30
  SPEAKER_02: They actually did open one in Phoenix, though, so they have one here now.
• 11:33
  SPEAKER_02: I don't like Deep Dish.
• 11:34
  SPEAKER_02: I don't either.
• 11:35
  SPEAKER_02: I like New York.
• 11:36
  SPEAKER_02: I like New York too.
• 11:37
  SPEAKER_02: And Deep Dish, like, I felt like such a pig when we first went there because everyone's like, oh, you can't really eat a whole lot.
• 11:44
  SPEAKER_02: Like, you might have one slice and be done.
• 11:46
  SPEAKER_02: And like, I had three slices my first time at Deep Dish, and everyone else had maybe one and a half to two, and I was like, oh.
• 11:53
  SPEAKER_02: It's heavy.
• 11:54
  SPEAKER_02: It is heavy.
• 11:55
  SPEAKER_02: But you know, it's I like hot dogs.
• 11:57
  SPEAKER_02: That counts as a Chicago dish.
• 11:59
  SPEAKER_02: But we're talking about Italian.
• 12:02
  SPEAKER_00: Back to where you get sidetracked easily.
• 12:04
  SPEAKER_02: Yes.
• 12:04
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so yeah, so Giordano Bruno, um, if you don't know who he is, just a quick synopsis before we get into it.
• 12:10
  SPEAKER_00: No idea who he was before this.
• 12:12
  SPEAKER_02: It was, yeah.
• 12:12
  SPEAKER_02: I think I found him because um, if you've ever seen it used to be on Netflix, but the Cosmos series, hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson, who's a famous um astronomer.
• 12:23
  SPEAKER_02: He's just an astronomer, but there's a specific type of astronomy for astrophysics.
• 12:27
  SPEAKER_00: Cosmos astro astrolog astrolog astrologer.
• 12:31
  SPEAKER_00: Full circle right there.
• 12:34
  SPEAKER_02: Close.
• 12:35
  SPEAKER_02: Um, no, astrophysics, right?
• 12:37
  SPEAKER_02: Uh the study of light and refraction.
• 12:39
  SPEAKER_02: It's astrophysics.
• 12:40
  SPEAKER_03: Mm-hmm.
• 12:42
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 12:42
  SPEAKER_02: I might have to fact check that.
• 12:44
  SPEAKER_02: Um anyway, I think he's a famous astrophysicist, is his like claim to fame.
• 12:48
  SPEAKER_02: But he's does this like 10-part thing on Netflix called Cosmos, and he goes into the history of the universe.
• 12:54
  SPEAKER_02: Like, where did we come from?
• 12:56
  SPEAKER_02: Like, what's the multiverse?
• 12:57
  SPEAKER_02: Like, you know, and he goes into each uh episode's kind of different deep dive into certain either scientists or like philosophers who determine certain theories and then just goes into the you know theories themselves throughout time.
• 13:10
  SPEAKER_02: Anyway, but in one of the first episodes, maybe even the first one, he introduces this character named Giordano Bruno.
• 13:16
  SPEAKER_02: And he he's credited um pretty much in like the 1900s with being not-I don't want to say the founder, because and we'll get into this and like what his theories were, but people really credit him as just being like a martyr of science, like he died in the name of science.
• 13:31
  SPEAKER_02: So we're gonna be talking about what his theories were, kind of how he came to be, what he died for specifically.
• 13:38
  SPEAKER_02: Um, not to be, you know, not to spoil too many things, but some people do kind of take that back about him being such a scientist, and maybe he was more of a philosopher.
• 13:47
  SPEAKER_02: So whether it was science or philosophy, or maybe at the time, I mean, this is Renaissance era, maybe that was more blended than we think.
• 13:54
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but that's his claim to fame.
• 13:56
  SPEAKER_00: I have a list of some of his titles.
• 13:58
  SPEAKER_00: Okay.
• 13:59
  SPEAKER_00: Dominican Friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, cosmetologist, theorist, and a hymetic occultist.
• 14:07
  SPEAKER_02: Yes.
• 14:08
  SPEAKER_02: I will agree with all of those except for um, and a lot of this kind of states that mathematician was questionable.
• 14:15
  SPEAKER_02: Because they say that even though, again, he was a scientist, he was more like philosophical in his approach to science in that he didn't really believe in the scientific method or like he wasn't a great mathematician.
• 14:27
  SPEAKER_02: So it's funny because they always say like he went to lecture on math, and they're like do things too and not be good at it.
• 14:33
  SPEAKER_02: That's true.
• 14:34
  SPEAKER_02: So I guess we'll say we'll say novice mathematician.
• 14:36
  SPEAKER_02: Okay.
• 14:36
  SPEAKER_02: But the rest is pretty much accurate, I think.
• 14:39
  SPEAKER_02: Uh anyway, so um we'll go into kind of his early life and talk about uh, you know, who who this guy is, where he's from, all that jazz.
• 14:46
  SPEAKER_02: So our friend Giordano Bruno, he was born in February of 1548.
• 14:51
  SPEAKER_02: Um he was actually born, his real name was Filippo Bruno, and he was born in what they call Nola of southern Italy, which is modern day Naples, like in the general vicinity of Naples.
• 15:02
  SPEAKER_02: Um his father was Giovanni Bruno, who was a soldier.
• 15:05
  SPEAKER_02: His mother was Frau Lisa Savallino.
• 15:08
  SPEAKER_02: Um, no occupation listed there.
• 15:11
  SPEAKER_02: Shocker.
• 15:11
  SPEAKER_02: Housewife.
• 15:13
  SPEAKER_02: Um, and uh again, about his early life, like not a lot of record of who, you know, how he was as a kid or his interaction with his family or if he even had brothers and sisters.
• 15:21
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but he was tutored at a monastery in his young age that was in Naples.
• 15:25
  SPEAKER_02: He attended a lot of public lectures um that were taking place there.
• 15:29
  SPEAKER_02: So by the time he was 17, he entered the Dominican Order at Naples.
• 15:34
  SPEAKER_02: And what that means is he entered the monastery at San Domenico, um, and that's where he officially changed his name to Giordano.
• 15:43
  SPEAKER_02: Uh it's written that he really admired one of his professors who was named Giordano, so that's where he kind of got inspiration for that name.
• 15:50
  SPEAKER_02: So by the time he was 24, which at this point is 1572, he becomes an ordained minister, an ordained priest in the Catholic Church.
• 16:00
  SPEAKER_02: Um and so when he was, you know, again, young 20s, mid-20s, he was really known for his memory skills.
• 16:07
  SPEAKER_02: Like he was a model pupil because he really just retained everything and could recite anything people gave him.
• 16:13
  SPEAKER_02: Um and there he he apparently had such good memory that at one point he was even invited to Rome on the order of uh Pope Pius, I think is how you say it.
• 16:23
  SPEAKER_02: Pope Pius, Pope Pius V, um, to kind of demonstrate his memory skills.
• 16:28
  SPEAKER_02: And what's funny is like when Megan and I were researching this episode, we were like, How do you demonstrate your memory skills?
• 16:34
  SPEAKER_02: Like, because it kept saying, Oh, he kept impressing people with his memory skills, but it's like, what did what do they do to kind of quiz him and test him?
• 16:41
  SPEAKER_02: Like, hey, describe that tree you just saw and then cover his eyes.
• 16:45
  SPEAKER_00: Like it would have to be reciting things.
• 16:47
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 16:48
  SPEAKER_02: But how much?
• 16:49
  SPEAKER_02: And like, you know, I don't know.
• 16:51
  SPEAKER_02: I just I'm curious to know what those tests look like.
• 16:54
  SPEAKER_00: He was a mathematician in your book, a novice mathematician.
• 16:57
  SPEAKER_00: Maybe he had to like recite pie.
• 16:59
  SPEAKER_00: Like, hey, name pie now.
• 17:00
  SPEAKER_00: Go.
• 17:01
  SPEAKER_00: When did pie become a thing?
• 17:04
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know the answer to that.
• 17:06
  SPEAKER_02: Why did pie become a thing?
• 17:08
  SPEAKER_02: More importantly, who the fuck was like, guys, pie?
• 17:14
  SPEAKER_02: I know you're all uh, you know, curious about the circumference of the circle.
• 17:18
  SPEAKER_02: Introduce pie.
• 17:19
  SPEAKER_02: Maybe.
• 17:20
  SPEAKER_02: Or the proverbs in Latin.
• 17:22
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, maybe memorize all the proverbs in Latin.
• 17:25
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, I don't know.
• 17:26
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know how you test someone's memory, but they they made it seem like it was this big game, like like, oh, they tested his memory and he did really well.
• 17:33
  SPEAKER_02: It's like, yeah, is he just reciting things?
• 17:35
  SPEAKER_02: Like, I don't know.
• 17:36
  SPEAKER_02: I wish they they documented that a bit more.
• 17:39
  SPEAKER_02: But apparently, I mean, it wasn't just again something that was like, oh, that's impressive.
• 17:43
  SPEAKER_02: It was so noteworthy that he went to Rome to demonstrate in front of the Pope.
• 17:47
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so people knew him again at a young age of just being like, wow, this very bright student who really can recite everything.
• 17:54
  SPEAKER_02: He's just like, you know, sharp as a sharp as a whip.
• 17:57
  SPEAKER_02: Um, and so finally it starts to come out though that he is a little combative with his teachers.
• 18:04
  SPEAKER_02: That he really starts uh to talk about things that aren't necessarily Catholic, that aren't necessarily like sanctioned by his religion.
• 18:12
  SPEAKER_02: He all of a sudden is just kind of known as a free thinker, and he starts to read things that he really shouldn't read.
• 18:19
  SPEAKER_00: But in books, yeah.
• 18:20
  SPEAKER_00: He defended the Aryan heresy, which is a belief that while they believe that Jesus is the Son of God, Jesus is distinct from God the Father.
• 18:31
  SPEAKER_00: In Christianity, you believe the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are all it's the Trinity.
• 18:37
  SPEAKER_00: The Holy Trinity.
• 18:37
  SPEAKER_00: And they are all one but separate and together at the same but not the same.
• 18:42
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 18:42
  SPEAKER_00: But this is a very distinct of no, there's Jesus, and then there's his dad, God, his papa god.
• 18:49
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, and and a lot of this is tied in with kind of other uh, you know, religions or versions of thinking.
• 18:56
  SPEAKER_02: Some people think he was kind of uh what do you call it?
• 18:59
  SPEAKER_02: Not monotheistic, polytheistic, where he believed in multiple gods.
• 19:03
  SPEAKER_02: So some people were like, oh, he believes in like again, some sort of Egyptian philosophies, some sort of uh I'm gonna say it wrong, but Hermestian philosophies.
• 19:13
  SPEAKER_02: Sounds right, right?
• 19:15
  SPEAKER_02: Um, you know, had a lot of like kind of uh Jewish things that he was recalling.
• 19:19
  SPEAKER_02: So a lot of it was just like this isn't whatever you're preaching is no longer Catholicism.
• 19:24
  SPEAKER_02: It's a little polytheistic, it's a little like off-kilter.
• 19:28
  SPEAKER_02: Um, and again, you're not acknowledging just like the Holy Trinity and like what we're teaching you in the Catholic Church.
• 19:33
  SPEAKER_02: So by 15 uh 76, so this point at what he's like, oh no, I can do math.
• 19:40
  SPEAKER_02: I'm also a mathematician.
• 19:42
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so he's like uh 28 at this point.
• 19:45
  SPEAKER_02: He's thank you.
• 19:47
  SPEAKER_02: No, but he begins to to kind of wander.
• 19:50
  SPEAKER_02: So he I don't know if he's officially excommunicated at this point.
• 19:53
  SPEAKER_00: He flees.
• 19:54
  SPEAKER_00: So they find some doctrines in his room in the monastery, and they find some of these forbidden books that he's reading.
• 20:01
  SPEAKER_00: And so he he's like, nope, peace out.
• 20:05
  SPEAKER_00: I'm gonna take this time to travel.
• 20:08
  SPEAKER_00: I'm gonna take a sabbatical.
• 20:10
  SPEAKER_00: He also wrote a piece that they claim is now lost, but it's called On the Signs of the Times.
• 20:16
  SPEAKER_00: Um, he claims that he had permission to have all these doctrines and all these books, and whose permission we're not sure, but he claimed, oh no, it's fine, but also peace out.
• 20:27
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 20:28
  SPEAKER_02: It's a little Joan of Arc.
• 20:30
  SPEAKER_02: Like, God came to me in a vision, told me this was okay.
• 20:33
  SPEAKER_02: Don't worry, I'm fine.
• 20:34
  SPEAKER_02: Also, I like that it's lost works.
• 20:36
  SPEAKER_02: I'm gonna start saying that about myself.
• 20:38
  SPEAKER_02: Like, you know, you probably haven't heard of all my lost works, all my um publications I had many years ago through the city.
• 20:45
  SPEAKER_00: Everything that got deleted on my old laptop was really profound.
• 20:49
  SPEAKER_02: Due to COVID reasons.
• 20:50
  SPEAKER_00: COVID reasons.
• 20:51
  SPEAKER_00: Um, Norton Antivirus, everything crashed.
• 20:55
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 20:55
  SPEAKER_00: Had like 10 good 10 books, you know, really quick published.
• 20:59
  SPEAKER_00: Why was Norton antivirus such a thing when we were like my dad was also like, you need to download the virus software every weekend.
• 21:09
  SPEAKER_02: Antivirus software.
• 21:10
  SPEAKER_02: It'd also be like Norton Ghost, like it would just pull up in a little box.
• 21:15
  SPEAKER_00: I know why.
• 21:15
  SPEAKER_00: I had so much lime wire and illegal music music downloads on my computer when I was 13.
• 21:23
  SPEAKER_00: A lot of Napster.
• 21:25
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 21:26
  SPEAKER_00: Anyway, sorry, I'm getting sidetracked.
• 21:28
  SPEAKER_02: I remember Limewire.
• 21:29
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 21:29
  SPEAKER_02: I'm like, why did my shitty Dell from 2006 only last one year?
• 21:33
  SPEAKER_02: Why did it die?
• 21:34
  SPEAKER_02: Something called Trojans, they attacked, there was a horse.
• 21:37
  SPEAKER_02: Oh, my dad got mad.
• 21:38
  SPEAKER_02: My dad got mad.
• 21:40
  SPEAKER_02: All of Megan's works lost, all of her prizes lost.
• 21:42
  SPEAKER_00: All of our lost work.
• 21:43
  SPEAKER_02: Nobel Award-winning literature lost.
• 21:46
  SPEAKER_00: All right, so Bruno flees.
• 21:47
  SPEAKER_00: I'm gonna call him Bruno because it's easier for me.
• 21:49
  SPEAKER_02: Bruno's easy.
• 21:50
  SPEAKER_02: All right.
• 21:51
  SPEAKER_02: So yeah, so he flees.
• 21:52
  SPEAKER_02: Um, a little bit unclear where he goes exactly, but we think that initially he went um from Naples area to Venice.
• 22:00
  SPEAKER_02: Then perhaps Padua, then to somewhere in eastern France, and kind of settles in Geneva at this point.
• 22:06
  SPEAKER_02: And Geneva is um kind of a Calvinist capital of Europe at this at this time.
• 22:11
  SPEAKER_02: Um so when he's there, he's talking to a lot of the Calvinists, he's writing, he's kind of in hiding, he's still kind of searching for truth, um, and he's and he's starting to teach other people his like kind of weird now hybrid religion philosophies that he believes.
• 22:28
  SPEAKER_02: So he's starting to kind of get again more well known for his very original thoughts.
• 22:33
  SPEAKER_02: Um and it's uh very unclear about again what some of these things were.
• 22:36
  SPEAKER_02: Many people think that he was uh using a lot of cosmology talking about the stars and how, like Copernicus said, uh, which Copernicus, by the way, we looked at the timelines because we were like, where exactly did they match up in history?
• 22:49
  SPEAKER_02: Copernicus died in 1543.
• 22:52
  SPEAKER_02: Um so they didn't quite overlap, but they were right next to each other in history.
• 22:57
  SPEAKER_02: And Copernicus was the first person to say, hey, unlike you other astronomers who believe that Earth is the center of the universe and everything circles around us, I believe that our planet is circling the star, which is called the Sun.
• 23:11
  SPEAKER_02: And all these other suns out there are their own solar systems and other planets and things.
• 23:16
  SPEAKER_02: So Bruno kind of expanded on this idea of, hey, there are infinite other universes, other solar systems out there.
• 23:24
  SPEAKER_02: They probably have life on them, and you know, they're all again interconnected.
• 23:30
  SPEAKER_02: We are all one with the same universe, and all matter is kind of being exchanged at all points, and this universe is very fluid.
• 23:36
  SPEAKER_02: So people again were were kind of uh following this new way of thinking, this new way of teaching.
• 23:42
  SPEAKER_02: And he he did a good job of kind of combining religion and cosmology, like religion and astronomy together to say we are all one part of this big thing God created, where matter and energy are being exchanged all the times, and we're just one of many worlds.
• 23:57
  SPEAKER_02: So he gets a reputation, again, because of his very assertive, kind of combative nature.
• 24:03
  SPEAKER_02: Uh, he's not just a nice peaceful person going about his philosophy, he's being very vocal about it, right?
• 24:08
  SPEAKER_02: He's being very in your face about it.
• 24:10
  SPEAKER_00: Also, during this time, he's basically lost his whole priest look.
• 24:14
  SPEAKER_00: Oh, yeah.
• 24:15
  SPEAKER_00: So he was a monk for basically 11 years, but now he's wearing pants and he got a sword and he got a hat and he has a cape.
• 24:24
  SPEAKER_00: So people, he's he's not pro Jan Sport backpack.
• 24:28
  SPEAKER_00: Jan Sport backpack walking around Europe, going to hostels.
• 24:32
  SPEAKER_00: He's in his 20s, he's traveling, he's figuring out life.
• 24:35
  SPEAKER_00: Three dollars a night, you know, for a hostel.
• 24:38
  SPEAKER_00: But he really isn't identifying himself as a priest anymore.
• 24:42
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 24:42
  SPEAKER_00: Some sources even said that while he was in Geneva, he even became Protestant.
• 24:47
  SPEAKER_00: Some sources said that was unlikely, but kind of to Elizabeth's point at the very beginning, referring to the point how he's a chameleon and he kind of changes and he's adaptable, uh, he's very impressionable.
• 25:00
  SPEAKER_00: And while he is very strong and loud and confident in his opinions, he's also gonna mold himself into the area that he's in.
• 25:08
  SPEAKER_00: So some people thought he actually became Protestant coming from being a Catholic monk once he was in Geneva and living that lifestyle.
• 25:16
  SPEAKER_02: And that's probably how convincing he was, right?
• 25:18
  SPEAKER_02: Because sometimes when you're the most convincing is when you are adaptable and you say, no, no, no, I believe what you believe in, but listen to what else I have to say.
• 25:26
  SPEAKER_02: You know, so he again's a strategy.
• 25:28
  SPEAKER_02: It is, yeah, because people aren't gonna trust you if you come out, you know, straight off the cuff, like here I am opposing your views.
• 25:34
  SPEAKER_02: You're gonna kind of weave yourself into the fabric of their society first and then convince them otherwise.
• 25:39
  SPEAKER_02: So it could have been, again, just more of a strategic point that he had there.
• 25:43
  SPEAKER_00: While he was in Geneva, he wrote a they called it an attack, but he wrote like a paper on someone called Antoine Dela Fey, who was a theologist basically.
• 25:56
  SPEAKER_00: He wrote this paper that was very much attacking all his beliefs, which is very uh it was all very Catholic beliefs.
• 26:04
  SPEAKER_00: Um, and Bruno and the printer who printed out these pamphlets were both arrested.
• 26:10
  SPEAKER_00: Because of that, they were refused the right to take the sacrament anymore, which is a really big deal in Catholicism.
• 26:16
  SPEAKER_00: Very big deal.
• 26:16
  SPEAKER_00: Because at this point, he's really starting to speak out against Catholicism and they're taking away his rights.
• 26:23
  SPEAKER_00: Um, and that's when he's looking to now leave Geneva.
• 26:27
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 26:27
  SPEAKER_00: And he goes to France.
• 26:29
  SPEAKER_02: Yes.
• 26:29
  SPEAKER_02: And so in 1581, this kind of all lines up because King Henry III, which I understand your confusion, so that we're not talking about England.
• 26:39
  SPEAKER_02: This is France.
• 26:40
  SPEAKER_02: So we're talking about Henry III of France.
• 26:43
  SPEAKER_02: Nothing to do with England.
• 26:44
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but he is the one that summons Bruno to court, and he says, Hey, I've heard, you know, from multiple sources about your not only theology and your philosophy, but also your just memory skills, like the art of memory that you've really cultivated.
• 27:00
  SPEAKER_02: So he brings him to kind of see what this guy's about.
• 27:03
  SPEAKER_02: So he's he's summoned to France by King Henry III, um, and he Bruno himself reported, and these are his quotes, it says, I got me such a name that King Henry III summoned me one day to discover from me if the memory which I possess was natural or acquired by magic art.
• 27:20
  SPEAKER_02: I satisfy I know, isn't that cool?
• 27:22
  SPEAKER_02: Like sorry.
• 27:24
  SPEAKER_02: End quote.
• 27:24
  SPEAKER_02: That's really cool.
• 27:26
  SPEAKER_02: Continue quote.
• 27:27
  SPEAKER_02: I satisfied him that I did not come there that it did not come from sorcery, but from organized knowledge.
• 27:34
  SPEAKER_02: And following this, I got a book on memory printed entitled The Shadow of Ideas, which I dedicated to His Majesty.
• 27:41
  SPEAKER_00: That was really important that he dedicated some of his works to both King Henry III and he starts dedicating some of his works to the Pope.
• 27:51
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 27:51
  SPEAKER_00: So we're gonna keep seeing how he's making works, he's publishing things left and right.
• 27:57
  SPEAKER_00: He's writing a lot of books, he's writing a lot of pamphlets, he's putting out literature and materials.
• 28:02
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 28:03
  SPEAKER_00: And at the time he would annotate and dedicate your books to certain people, and it really boosted your popularity in certain areas depending on who you're dedicating it to.
• 28:13
  SPEAKER_03: Exactly.
• 28:13
  SPEAKER_00: So this was pretty important that he started using King Henry III to his advantage to gain his popularity.
• 28:20
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 28:20
  SPEAKER_00: Um but yeah, King Henry was infatuated with him.
• 28:24
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 28:24
  SPEAKER_02: And you know, if you're a person who's uh, you know, a royal or a diplomat or, you know, even a lawyer, or anyone who's who's usually kind of calling upon laws and trying to retain all these things in regards to your country, you know, when you see someone with such a sharp memory, you're like, how do they do this?
• 28:42
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, this is when m much of the population is illiterate and can't even read anything, and yet you see this guy that can just recite everything and keep such an organized brain.
• 28:51
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so they were really fascinated by his like tips and tricks to make sure all of this magic.
• 28:56
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, yeah, and again, to the point where they thought it was magic.
• 28:59
  SPEAKER_02: It's kind of funny.
• 29:00
  SPEAKER_02: Um, he's probably the first person they ever encounter with like a photographic memory.
• 29:04
  SPEAKER_02: Um but because of this, he really started to enjoy his status.
• 29:08
  SPEAKER_02: He had the protection of the elites because to him, or I guess to them, they were he was more of a parlor trick, I think.
• 29:15
  SPEAKER_02: He you know, they were like, Wow, look at this guy.
• 29:17
  SPEAKER_02: Look at look at my buddy over here.
• 29:18
  SPEAKER_02: Like, tell him something and then ask him about it in a half hour, he'll recite it to you.
• 29:22
  SPEAKER_02: Like, who knows how they did that?
• 29:23
  SPEAKER_00: Again, we don't know what how he demonstrated his memory.
• 29:26
  SPEAKER_02: We really liked no.
• 29:28
  SPEAKER_02: They play a game of like match or concentration with him, you know, where they put like the cards facing down, and they're like, now find the two kings.
• 29:35
  SPEAKER_00: I'm really bad at it.
• 29:37
  SPEAKER_00: I don't have a good memory.
• 29:38
  SPEAKER_00: Really?
• 29:38
  SPEAKER_00: No.
• 29:39
  SPEAKER_02: I used to be so good at that.
• 29:40
  SPEAKER_00: How many times do I retell you the same story?
• 29:43
  SPEAKER_00: Because I forgot that I told it to you at one point.
• 29:46
  SPEAKER_00: Sometimes, no.
• 29:47
  SPEAKER_00: I have a bad memory.
• 29:49
  SPEAKER_00: No, I think you're okay.
• 29:50
  SPEAKER_00: I remember facts that are irrelevant to important things in my life.
• 29:55
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 29:55
  SPEAKER_00: That's good.
• 29:56
  SPEAKER_02: Dates and things like that, but you don't you don't tell me that many things too often.
• 30:01
  SPEAKER_00: That's good.
• 30:01
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 30:02
  SPEAKER_02: But um, but yeah, it I mean, you know, those are those are fun games to play with the kids.
• 30:06
  SPEAKER_02: You gotta keep their sharp their uh memory sharp.
• 30:09
  SPEAKER_02: Um anyway, so uh so he starts to again start to kind of elevate in terms of status among the nobles who really start knowing him for these things.
• 30:17
  SPEAKER_02: But by 1583, so this is about two years after that he uh that he arrived in Paris, um, King Henry III is like, hey, I'm gonna kind of ship you off to France.
• 30:27
  SPEAKER_02: Not because you're doing anything bad here, you're like on my recommendation, I'm gonna send you to the French ambassador, and you're gonna be in the Elizabethan court because at the time Queen Elizabeth is on the throne in England.
• 30:38
  SPEAKER_02: She's thriving.
• 30:39
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, she's thriving, doing her thing over there.
• 30:41
  SPEAKER_02: Um so he goes to England and he is met, you know, by the French ambassador there.
• 30:46
  SPEAKER_02: He does meet Queen Elizabeth herself.
• 30:48
  SPEAKER_02: He starts not necessarily teaching at Oxford, he's not um a professor, but he starts lecturing there and just kind of talking more about his uh, you know, theories uh surrounding like Copernicus how do you say that?
• 31:01
  SPEAKER_02: Copernicism Copernicism?
• 31:04
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, that one.
• 31:05
  SPEAKER_02: But he starts talking about his theories and you know he really expands on this idea of the infinite universe and this infinite energy that's out there.
• 31:13
  SPEAKER_02: Um so but yeah, at first he was seen as kind of like, oh, like a groundbreaking uh, you know, new theologist, and what is this kind of guy gonna say next?
• 31:22
  SPEAKER_02: But as we've seen in his past, his views start to really catch up with them and he becomes a bit more controversial.
• 31:29
  SPEAKER_02: Um and at one point during one of his lectures, somebody just straight up accuses him of plagiarism plagiarism.
• 31:36
  SPEAKER_00: Well, everything he's saying is not very original.
• 31:40
  SPEAKER_00: Exactly.
• 31:41
  SPEAKER_00: They they said that he was the first to propose that we are in a universe that's infinite.
• 31:46
  SPEAKER_00: But in fact, eight years before he even proposed this, someone named Thomas Diggs wrote a whole theory on this.
• 31:54
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 31:55
  SPEAKER_00: And in kind of uh an extension of this belief that the universe is infinite means he believes that there's alien life.
• 32:04
  SPEAKER_00: At that time, it's groundbreaking to think aliens.
• 32:09
  SPEAKER_00: Obviously, it's it's very extreme, but some he he got this reputation that he was the person who was coming up with these ideas.
• 32:20
  SPEAKER_00: Really, he was just the loudest coming up with these ideas.
• 32:24
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 32:24
  SPEAKER_00: He was known as being very vain, very flamboyant, very loud.
• 32:29
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 32:30
  SPEAKER_00: And so, you know, when you throw spaghetti at the wall and see what sticks, but like you're gonna be the loudest one out there.
• 32:38
  SPEAKER_02: Is that an Italian joke?
• 32:39
  SPEAKER_00: And with my Italian reference of the night.
• 32:42
  SPEAKER_00: I like it.
• 32:43
  SPEAKER_00: Um, you know, people are gonna start listening to you.
• 32:45
  SPEAKER_00: But with that, when people start listening to you, the attention's also drawn to you, and the spotlight is now on him.
• 32:51
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 32:51
  SPEAKER_00: And people are starting to speak up of being like, mmm, this guy is extremely controversial.
• 32:56
  SPEAKER_00: He is saying things that is very against the Catholic Church.
• 33:00
  SPEAKER_00: And at the time, the Inquisition is full-blown.
• 33:03
  SPEAKER_02: Oh yeah.
• 33:04
  SPEAKER_02: You know, so you either have the two people, like the two different critics, uh, one that's saying, Hey, you're too controversial, and two against Catholicism, and the others that are saying, Hey, this material isn't even yours, you're plagiarizing a lot of this.
• 33:16
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so the tensions start to rise when he's in England.
• 33:19
  SPEAKER_02: So by 18, or sorry, 1585, he actually leaves to Germany.
• 33:24
  SPEAKER_02: So he flees again, being like, Okay, they kind of called me out on plagiarism, like I thought I was a big dog over there, and he still had a lot of supporters, but at this point he knows it's time to leave.
• 33:34
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so he goes to Germany, he follows that quickly by Prague.
• 33:38
  SPEAKER_02: Uh, and the in those cities, uh, Lutheranism is really becoming the main thing there.
• 33:43
  SPEAKER_02: So, again, a form of Protestantism.
• 33:46
  SPEAKER_02: Um, and eventually they start to see through him too, to the point where they're saying, you know what, you're gonna get excommunicated from the Lutheran church as well.
• 33:53
  SPEAKER_02: Like, you've already been kind of dismissed by Catholics, dismissed by the Calvinists when you were in Geneva.
• 33:58
  SPEAKER_02: Like, now the Lutherans aren't gonna really accept you either because again, you're just being way too far out there.
• 34:03
  SPEAKER_00: He was excommunicated by the Lutherans.
• 34:05
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 34:06
  SPEAKER_00: And he basically just has difficulty finding jobs wherever he goes.
• 34:09
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 34:10
  SPEAKER_00: So from England he goes to France, to Germany, to Prague, to Frankfurt, to Padua, back to Venice.
• 34:18
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 34:18
  SPEAKER_02: And the Venice thing is weird why he even went there.
• 34:21
  SPEAKER_02: Because as Megan just said, like, the Inquisition is super strong in Italy.
• 34:26
  SPEAKER_02: Like, they are just rounding up people left and right who are against the Catholic Church and you know, killing people, arresting people for whatever reason, uh, because they're so against Catholicism.
• 34:37
  SPEAKER_00: In 1591, he was invited to go back to Venice.
• 34:40
  SPEAKER_00: He actually decides to finally move back in March of 1592.
• 34:44
  SPEAKER_00: And he's invited by someone named Giovanni Moncinigo.
• 34:48
  SPEAKER_00: Right, very Italian.
• 34:50
  SPEAKER_00: And this man wants Bruno to tutor him and to kind of teach him his ways, and he's such a well-known person at this point, and teach him his philosophies and his theologies.
• 35:01
  SPEAKER_02: Specifically the uh mnemonics, too, his memory skills.
• 35:05
  SPEAKER_00: How are you memorizing everything?
• 35:07
  SPEAKER_00: Because again, Bruno kept saying, like, it's very much a skill, and it's something that you can train your brain into doing.
• 35:14
  SPEAKER_00: Giovanni ends up being very unhappy with Bruno, and he's thinking that he is blasphemous, and what he's saying is heresy, and he's not quite sure what to do.
• 35:24
  SPEAKER_02: And one thing I saw too, that said before he did anything, he went to his like Catholic priest, his like confessor, and he was like, Hey, I don't know what to do about this guy.
• 35:36
  SPEAKER_02: He's starting to, you know, teach me his ways, but I'm I'm a little like torn on what he's teaching me.
• 35:41
  SPEAKER_02: And apparently the priest was just kind of like, just let it ride.
• 35:44
  SPEAKER_02: Like, see how this goes.
• 35:45
  SPEAKER_02: Don't do anything quite yet.
• 35:47
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so it's kind of a funny point where hit this guy, uh, Giovanni's going to his priest, like, okay, okay, great.
• 35:53
  SPEAKER_02: Okay, we'll wait another week.
• 35:54
  SPEAKER_02: And then, you know, see what he says.
• 35:56
  SPEAKER_00: It might get worse, it might get better, it might get worse, yeah.
• 35:58
  SPEAKER_00: No, don't make a big deal out of it.
• 36:00
  SPEAKER_00: I get it, day by day.
• 36:01
  SPEAKER_00: Finally, though, Giovanni does denounce him to the Venetian Inquisition, which is a pretty big deal.
• 36:08
  SPEAKER_00: This is calling out your buddy.
• 36:09
  SPEAKER_00: This is like, hey, I've got a heretic living here right now.
• 36:13
  SPEAKER_00: He's got blasphemous things he's saying, he's against the Catholic Church.
• 36:16
  SPEAKER_00: He thinks that there's an infinite universe, he thinks that there's aliens, he thinks that the sun is the center of the universe, and these are all things that are just not going to pass in the Catholic Church.
• 36:29
  SPEAKER_00: So on May 22nd, 1592, he's arrested.
• 36:34
  SPEAKER_00: And he's arrested for a very long time.
• 36:38
  SPEAKER_00: If we just kind of want to jump to it, he has a seven-year trial, and he has such a long trial because he's so smart.
• 36:46
  SPEAKER_02: And I mean, you know, at this time too, it wasn't that uncommon to be held for a long time, you know, during your trial or kind of awaiting your sentence.
• 36:53
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but during this time they do transfer him to Rome.
• 36:56
  SPEAKER_02: So he goes from Venice to Rome.
• 36:58
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so by 1593, you know, he's just hanging out in Rome, awaiting like whatever's gonna come next, being very argumentative, like Megan said.
• 37:06
  SPEAKER_02: So he's kind of kind of talking himself out of any sentence that they're trying to give him.
• 37:11
  SPEAKER_00: He actually uses philosophy for his own defense.
• 37:14
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 37:15
  SPEAKER_00: I mean, makes sense.
• 37:16
  SPEAKER_00: He's a philosopher, a theologist, everything else.
• 37:18
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 37:19
  SPEAKER_00: Um, but he's giving very convincing arguments.
• 37:22
  SPEAKER_00: Um, this whole time, though, he's held in confinement in the Tower of Nona, which is in the province of Naples.
• 37:30
  SPEAKER_00: And they said that it was a very teeny tiny cell for seven years that he had to live in.
• 37:36
  SPEAKER_00: Oof.
• 37:36
  SPEAKER_00: Very poor conditions.
• 37:38
  SPEAKER_00: Um, he was tortured.
• 37:40
  SPEAKER_00: I don't have a lot of details on how they tortured him.
• 37:43
  SPEAKER_00: Sure.
• 37:43
  SPEAKER_00: They did say he was tortured at some points.
• 37:46
  SPEAKER_00: Um, falsely, was there was no fireplace in his cell.
• 37:52
  SPEAKER_02: Megan and I were watching a documentary where the way the guy said it, the historian that was talking, was very confusing because he was like in his tiny dark cell, awaiting the flames of the grand fire.
• 38:04
  SPEAKER_00: Or he said he but he but he made it he made it sound like he said he was in a teeny tiny dark cell with a fireplace that was he eventually walked into blah blah blah it was this weird train and then I had to go back and listen, like there was no fireplace, it was a symbolic of the the symbolic fire of his eventual demise and his life.
• 38:28
  SPEAKER_00: His final charges were blasphemy, immoral conduct, heresy, uh, and the preserve of the cosmos views.
• 38:38
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 38:39
  SPEAKER_02: And like wrapped up in that uh was kind of his denial of they said the Catholic faith overall, the Holy Trinity, Christ Himself, the Virgin Mary.
• 38:49
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 38:49
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 38:49
  SPEAKER_02: And I think uh kind of along the lines of what uh Megan was saying about the cosmology was he believed in reincarnation because he believed in the connectedness of the universe and how when you die your soul doesn't just go to the heavens, like you know, reconvene somewhere and goes into something else.
• 39:07
  SPEAKER_02: So all of it blasphemy.
• 39:10
  SPEAKER_00: Blasphemy his inquisitor was Cardinal Bell Bellermeier, and his only request, he said the only way you're gonna get off is if you fully recant everything you've ever said that was blasphemous and immoral.
• 39:27
  SPEAKER_00: And that's when how can you go back and like like again, he's a vain person and he's very confident, he believes in everything that he's ever said, right?
• 39:37
  SPEAKER_00: But he was a scientist, and when you go back now as somebody in in the year 2021, everything that he was really saying, the fact that we are in an infinite universe, right, and the sun is the center and our of our universe and the planets orbit around our solar system.
• 39:56
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, and each in each sun or each star is a separate sun and potentially a separate solar system with life.
• 40:03
  SPEAKER_02: Like that's fairly acknowledged now.
• 40:05
  SPEAKER_02: We don't know all all these things because you know we're still young in history, but all these things are probably true.
• 40:11
  SPEAKER_02: Um, so he straight up refused to recant his beliefs.
• 40:16
  SPEAKER_02: And again, even if he thought, yeah, you know, maybe I'm still Catholic at heart or I still believe in Catholicism to a certain degree, again, like Megan said, he's so vain, he's not gonna recant now.
• 40:26
  SPEAKER_02: No.
• 40:27
  SPEAKER_02: He's not gonna take this opportunity when he can either die for his beliefs that could outlive him, and I mean we're talking about him today, right?
• 40:34
  SPEAKER_02: So he's still well known, or he can just recant and be like, never mind, it's fine, and then go die in the woods somewhere.
• 40:41
  SPEAKER_00: He's compared a lot to Galileo.
• 40:43
  SPEAKER_02: Yes.
• 40:44
  SPEAKER_00: Who was about 33 years after Bruno.
• 40:49
  SPEAKER_00: Galileo was arrested for basically the same exact charges for blasphemy, immoral conduct, heresy.
• 40:55
  SPEAKER_02: And the same people, too.
• 40:57
  SPEAKER_02: Like the same people that had tried to uh uh you know eventually get Bruno were the same people that tried to get Galileo, and it the his only difference was that Galileo recanted.
• 41:08
  SPEAKER_00: Galileo did give in and he did recant everything, and because of that, Galileo lived until the age of 77 and died of heart palpitations and at a nice old age, and that was that was the difference.
• 41:20
  SPEAKER_00: Yep.
• 41:20
  SPEAKER_00: Um, but you know, Elizabeth and I were talking about this.
• 41:23
  SPEAKER_00: Well, we were thinking, well, Galileo also made a very big name for himself.
• 41:29
  SPEAKER_00: And do we think that Bruno would have had as big of a name if he had recanted?
• 41:34
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 41:34
  SPEAKER_02: Because if Bruno wasn't, you know, eventually executed, which we'll get to.
• 41:40
  SPEAKER_02: Wait, what he was executed?
• 41:41
  SPEAKER_02: Sorry, I know spoiler alert.
• 41:42
  SPEAKER_02: It's called Babyhead every time.
• 41:45
  SPEAKER_02: You mean they were killed in the end?
• 41:47
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but spoiler alert, it's like if he wasn't executed, you still have Copernicus before him, and you have Galileo after him.
• 41:56
  SPEAKER_00: It wasn't really original thought.
• 41:58
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, so if he if Bruno is no more or his story was less exciting, would we remember Bruno?
• 42:05
  SPEAKER_00: Maybe.
• 42:06
  SPEAKER_00: I can't remember his first name for the life of me.
• 42:08
  SPEAKER_00: So what is in Giordano?
• 42:10
  SPEAKER_02: Giordano.
• 42:11
  SPEAKER_00: Giordano.
• 42:12
  SPEAKER_00: Deep dish pizza.
• 42:13
  SPEAKER_00: On January 20th, 1600, Pope Clement VIII finally claims him as an official heretic.
• 42:21
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 42:21
  SPEAKER_00: They sentence him to death.
• 42:24
  SPEAKER_00: No.
• 42:24
  SPEAKER_00: Even then, it was uh it was a little bit delayed.
• 42:28
  SPEAKER_00: So, so first of all, when they sentence him to death, these are Bruno's famous final words.
• 42:34
  SPEAKER_00: Such a good quote.
• 42:35
  SPEAKER_00: Perhaps you pronounce this sentence against me with greater fear than I receive it.
• 42:42
  SPEAKER_00: He was not afraid of being tortured, he was not afraid of his past seven years being held in confinement, and he definitely at this point wasn't going to be afraid of being sentenced to death.
• 42:53
  SPEAKER_00: And I I think this was one of his like I know we kind of keep repeating this, but what makes him stand out beyond anybody else was his bravery.
• 43:03
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 43:04
  SPEAKER_02: His his like conviction.
• 43:06
  SPEAKER_00: Let's do Joan of Arc.
• 43:07
  SPEAKER_00: A lot of Joan of Arc, actually.
• 43:09
  SPEAKER_00: She refused, well, she caved a little bit at one point.
• 43:11
  SPEAKER_00: She did.
• 43:12
  SPEAKER_00: And then she went back.
• 43:14
  SPEAKER_00: And then she caved and she went back.
• 43:16
  SPEAKER_00: He was solid the entire time.
• 43:19
  SPEAKER_00: He refused to recant.
• 43:20
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 43:21
  SPEAKER_00: And then he was just like, I'm not afraid of this.
• 43:23
  SPEAKER_00: Maybe you're more afraid to sentence me to death than I'm afraid to actually die.
• 43:27
  SPEAKER_02: Right, right.
• 43:28
  SPEAKER_02: The closest thing he ever even got to somewhat of, you know, a recantation was uh he at one point before he died said something like, No, I I've always been a Catholic and I'm still a Catholic.
• 43:39
  SPEAKER_02: I just happen to have these very grand philosophical and cosmol cosmological views.
• 43:44
  SPEAKER_02: But again, like he was trying to that was kind of part of his shtick of being argumentative and trying to confuse people.
• 43:49
  SPEAKER_02: But that's as close as he came to even like somewhat denying what he did.
• 43:54
  SPEAKER_02: But again, aside from that, he was rock solid in his beliefs and his refusal of of You know, trying to do everything the Inquisition was trying to get him uh to do.
• 44:06
  SPEAKER_00: So that was on January 20th.
• 44:08
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 44:08
  SPEAKER_00: Almost a month later, on February 17th, is his actual execution date.
• 44:13
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 44:13
  SPEAKER_00: There was some delays.
• 44:15
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 44:15
  SPEAKER_00: Which isn't common because we've heard of ones, what we just talked about Charles the first, and it was three days later.
• 44:21
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 44:21
  SPEAKER_02: And it was an afternoon execution, which is really weird.
• 44:24
  SPEAKER_00: Two o'clock in the afternoon.
• 44:25
  SPEAKER_00: So random.
• 44:27
  SPEAKER_02: So uh they eventually take him on February 17, 1600, to the Campo de Fiori, which is like a marketplace in the middle of Rome.
• 44:38
  SPEAKER_02: And there's a little bit of uh, I guess, conflicting ideas as to what exactly happened once they took him to the square.
• 44:46
  SPEAKER_02: Um, some people, some historians think that they hung him upside down naked first to like embarrass him and fully deprive him of all of his arrogance, which as he we know he's a very arrogant guy.
• 44:57
  SPEAKER_02: Some people just said that he was stripped naked and then led to the pyre.
• 45:01
  SPEAKER_02: In the cosmos, he was carried through on a mule.
• 45:04
  SPEAKER_02: On the cosmos, he was carried through on a mule.
• 45:06
  SPEAKER_02: In another documentary we saw, he was just like in a cloak and paraded through the streets.
• 45:10
  SPEAKER_00: What we know for sure was his as I quote, his tongue was imprisoned.
• 45:17
  SPEAKER_00: His tongue was bound.
• 45:18
  SPEAKER_00: And what we mean by that is they gagged him with this metal device that went into his mouth and had spikes that pierced through his tongue and held his mouth shut.
• 45:29
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 45:30
  SPEAKER_00: So he can't even try to speak.
• 45:32
  SPEAKER_00: It's very symbolic, but also very a purposeful physical thing.
• 45:37
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 45:37
  SPEAKER_00: The purposeful physical part of it was they were afraid that as they were burning him, he was going to continue to be shouting out all of his theories and ever everything he's been ranting about for seven through thirty years of his life.
• 45:50
  SPEAKER_00: Um he was just going to continue to get filled into people's heads of all of his all of these blasphemous beliefs of the universe and nonsense.
• 45:59
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 46:00
  SPEAKER_00: Um, so that's part of it.
• 46:01
  SPEAKER_00: And then, of course, that's a form of torture to have spikes through your tongue.
• 46:06
  SPEAKER_00: But also, I think just on a symbolic level, this entire execution was about taking away the freedom of speech.
• 46:13
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 46:13
  SPEAKER_00: This entire thing was a show of cutting people off, and how dare you come up with these not, you know, absurd ideas about the universe that clearly doesn't exist.
• 46:26
  SPEAKER_00: And, you know, again, here we are 500 years later, minus some, and it's and it's you know, this person would have been seen as the Steve Jobs or the Tesla or the you know, the Steven Hawkings of Tesla.
• 46:42
  SPEAKER_00: Innovative voice, yeah.
• 46:44
  SPEAKER_00: Somebody who we celebrate and who probably has a million followers on Twitter.
• 46:48
  SPEAKER_00: So um exactly symbolically, they needed to gag him and silence him.
• 46:53
  SPEAKER_02: Right.
• 46:54
  SPEAKER_02: And apparently at the very end of his uh, you know, a walk to the pyre, um, they did offer him like a crucifix to to kiss, which I don't know how you kiss when you have a literally spike gag in your mouth.
• 47:05
  SPEAKER_00: Blood pouring out your mouth.
• 47:07
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, and just coughing up blood.
• 47:09
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but they they offered this crucifix to him like close to his face, being like, This is your final chance, like accept Catholicism, like accept Christ in the Trinity, you know, and this can all go away.
• 47:19
  SPEAKER_02: And he turned his head.
• 47:20
  SPEAKER_02: So he even in with the pain of the spite gag, and even with knowing that he's about to, you know, burn to death, he turns his face away and still refuses.
• 47:31
  SPEAKER_02: So they light the fire.
• 47:34
  SPEAKER_02: And he burns, and he burns to a uh cosmic crisp.
• 47:40
  SPEAKER_02: So that is how Mr.
• 47:41
  SPEAKER_02: Bruno met his demise.
• 47:43
  SPEAKER_02: Um it is said that his ashes were thrown into the Tiber River, which was right nearby in Rome.
• 47:49
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but I believe it was 1889 or sometime in the late 1800s, uh, they erected a big statue of him exactly in the place of his execution.
• 47:59
  SPEAKER_02: So there's an annual memorial service that still takes place.
• 48:02
  SPEAKER_02: I mean, maybe not right now because of COVID-related delays, but uh they uh they apparently ever like people go, you know, who are who are fans of him or followers of him or still believe that he is a martyr of science, and they just go, you know, essentially pay respects to him.
• 48:18
  SPEAKER_02: And it even if it's not in terms of his scientific beliefs, people like to acknowledge, again, the freedom of speech part of it, the fact that he spoke out and he was an innovative thinker, uh, and that he did things that again were against what the Catholic Church was saying to do at the time.
• 48:33
  SPEAKER_02: Um, some people think this is a little bit exaggerated, or like, okay, let's relax on the whole martyr of science thing.
• 48:40
  SPEAKER_02: It was just his, again, his assertive nature, his language that really brought him his fame.
• 48:45
  SPEAKER_00: His seven years in prison that he refused to give in and read.
• 48:50
  SPEAKER_00: Right.
• 48:50
  SPEAKER_02: It was more again the the bravery aspect.
• 48:53
  SPEAKER_02: Um, but either way, you gotta kind of applaud the guy for sticking to his guns, right?
• 48:57
  SPEAKER_00: That's what you call it.
• 48:58
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah.
• 48:59
  SPEAKER_02: And he has this really cool plaque on his uh on his memorial, on his statue.
• 49:04
  SPEAKER_02: I like this a lot.
• 49:05
  SPEAKER_02: It says to Bruno, it's in Italian.
• 49:07
  SPEAKER_02: Maybe it's even in Latin.
• 49:08
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know.
• 49:09
  SPEAKER_02: I don't know.
• 49:09
  SPEAKER_02: It's Italian or Latin, but it says to Bruno, from the generation he foresaw here, here where the fire burnt.
• 49:19
  SPEAKER_00: I love that.
• 49:19
  SPEAKER_02: And that's it.
• 49:20
  SPEAKER_02: And I think that's so cool.
• 49:22
  SPEAKER_00: Because he cared about the future and he knew that there was going to be a future of scholars like you and me, mathematicians and cosmologists, much like me and Megan.
• 49:35
  SPEAKER_02: Mnemonics and things.
• 49:37
  SPEAKER_02: Um we saw a really funny documentary that we just thought was great because like this guy was creating.
• 49:43
  SPEAKER_00: You can't call that a documentary.
• 49:44
  SPEAKER_00: That was a mockumentary, first of all.
• 49:47
  SPEAKER_00: Well, he was even.
• 49:48
  SPEAKER_00: We're gonna start questioning our resources if we're like this full of historical inaccuracies.
• 49:54
  SPEAKER_00: This documentary, this guy more of thick mustache.
• 49:57
  SPEAKER_02: But this guy at the end of his documentary, he's so pro-bruno that he just goes, so like, he's like, like this, comment on it.
• 50:04
  SPEAKER_02: He's like, hashtag viva le Bruno.
• 50:07
  SPEAKER_02: And I was like, oh yeah.
• 50:08
  SPEAKER_02: Viva Labruno.
• 50:11
  SPEAKER_00: I think it's pretty good.
• 50:12
  SPEAKER_00: And the rest is rest and stardust.
• 50:16
  SPEAKER_00: Beloved.
• 50:17
  SPEAKER_00: Oh, well, we haven't had a good burning in a while.
• 50:21
  SPEAKER_00: I know.
• 50:21
  SPEAKER_00: Nothing like a good heretic on a Tuesday night.
• 50:24
  SPEAKER_02: I'm trying to think of the burnings we have had.
• 50:26
  SPEAKER_02: I don't wanna.
• 50:26
  SPEAKER_02: Joan.
• 50:27
  SPEAKER_02: Joan, obviously.
• 50:28
  SPEAKER_02: We had a boil.
• 50:30
  SPEAKER_02: Not to be confused with burning.
• 50:32
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, I'm not a burning.
• 50:33
  SPEAKER_02: Uh there's been more.
• 50:35
  SPEAKER_02: Anne Boleyn was going to be burned, but not burned.
• 50:38
  SPEAKER_02: She was not.
• 50:39
  SPEAKER_02: We've had more burnings than just two.
• 50:41
  SPEAKER_02: Right?
• 50:41
  SPEAKER_02: You would think.
• 50:42
  SPEAKER_02: There's tons of heretics in history.
• 50:44
  SPEAKER_02: We'll find more.
• 50:48
  SPEAKER_00: Well, Elizabeth.
• 50:49
  SPEAKER_00: Homework for today.
• 50:51
  SPEAKER_00: Who else was burning?
• 50:52
  SPEAKER_00: We'll go to bed and just think of all the burnings that we've talked about, but um we've Oh Margaret Pole.
• 50:59
  SPEAKER_00: No.
• 51:00
  SPEAKER_00: No, she was beheaded and she had a body.
• 51:02
  SPEAKER_02: There was a lady.
• 51:03
  SPEAKER_00: Oh, Anne Askew.
• 51:04
  SPEAKER_00: Anne Askew.
• 51:05
  SPEAKER_00: She was hanged, wasn't she, or was she burned?
• 51:07
  SPEAKER_00: No, I think burned.
• 51:08
  SPEAKER_00: Oh my god.
• 51:09
  SPEAKER_02: We've had so many.
• 51:11
  SPEAKER_02: We haven't done Anne Askew yet.
• 51:13
  SPEAKER_02: Fuck.
• 51:14
  SPEAKER_02: X all of this.
• 51:16
  SPEAKER_02: I'm gonna put my hands around the microphone and never speak again.
• 51:20
  SPEAKER_00: Elizabeth, before you ruin any other secrets for the rest of season three, any final words and make them quick.
• 51:26
  SPEAKER_00: Oh my god, no, not today.