Latest / At the Learning of Irish / The Copula

Transcript

The Copula · At the Learning of Irish

• 0:08
  SPEAKER_00: Tirinosatato Tomei Kirkilor Anish A Vitunis Orum So I was sick last week, hence the lateness of this recording, but uh Tolme Rasha Risht Agas the Ray and ready to make the podcast where we're finally going to be talking about the copula, the thing which I've been talking about, talking about since I started the podcast.
• 0:42
  SPEAKER_00: The copula is the other way to use the verb to be, which I mentioned before.
• 0:48
  SPEAKER_00: In Irish there are two forms of the verb to be tall and the copula, which is is.
• 0:58
  SPEAKER_00: You're already familiar with some of the copula phrases like ismalum, isarlum, is as place me.
• 1:07
  SPEAKER_00: That's the copula.
• 1:09
  SPEAKER_00: Simply put, the copula can be a way of connecting two nouns, where tau is used with adjectives Is farme I am a man I and man are the two nouns or the two things being connected or equated as opposed to this phrase using ta on far more.
• 1:36
  SPEAKER_00: The man is big.
• 1:38
  SPEAKER_00: Ta is used to describe the man who is big Is Dalty ey are students They students to nouns or concepts being equated as opposed to this phrase using taw na dalti ignoha the students are busy.
• 2:02
  SPEAKER_00: Ta is used with the adjective busy.
• 2:06
  SPEAKER_00: Copula is not used because the students aren't being connected with another noun.
• 2:13
  SPEAKER_00: Now I want to add, and this is a little side note, I suppose, with the sentence I just said ta no dal tigno hach, the adjective isn't modified because it's not coming right after the noun.
• 2:29
  SPEAKER_00: Now if you said something like ta no dalti gnohach on show, you would have to add the plural ending to the adjective because it's right after the noun.
• 2:41
  SPEAKER_00: And adjectives and nouns have to agree in that construction of the sentence.
• 2:51
  SPEAKER_00: Even in the phrase ismalum, because what generally follows is a noun, like ismalum maldri, things are being equated.
• 3:05
  SPEAKER_00: We are saying more literally, it is good with me, dogs, connecting the it that's good with me, that I like, to the noun dogs.
• 3:18
  SPEAKER_00: This, the copula, it's one of those things I mentioned long ago that does not translate word for word into English.
• 3:27
  SPEAKER_00: This is a separate structure, and you have to mold your mind to it, rather than trying to ram it into a preconceived English way of thinking and expressing.
• 3:38
  SPEAKER_00: As you progress in Irish, you will learn more flexible ways to use the copula that will add or take away emphasis from what you're trying to say.
• 3:50
  SPEAKER_00: So how do we form the copula?
• 3:53
  SPEAKER_00: Well, the basic structure is the copular form of the verb be plus the noun to be equated, plus the copular form of the pronoun or prepositional pronoun.
• 4:08
  SPEAKER_00: So what that means is is, which is the copular form of the verb be, plus whatever noun in the middle, ending with uh the person that we're equating or the thing that we're equating with that noun.
• 4:24
  SPEAKER_00: For our purposes today, we're going to be using the present tense positive, and the copular form of the present tense positive b is, which is IS.
• 4:36
  SPEAKER_00: Which, wait a minute, might seem strange because that's slender, but we're not saying it in a slender way.
• 4:42
  SPEAKER_00: Is is not pronounced as if it were slender.
• 4:46
  SPEAKER_00: I've heard it said that it used to be as, and that's why we say it like that, even though it's spelled in a slender manner.
• 4:54
  SPEAKER_00: Anyway, copular form of the verb be.
• 4:57
  SPEAKER_00: Present tense positive is is.
• 5:01
  SPEAKER_00: Next, we need the noun to be equated.
• 5:04
  SPEAKER_00: It can be anything.
• 5:05
  SPEAKER_00: A teacher, a dog, a car.
• 5:09
  SPEAKER_00: What is the thing we're equating?
• 5:11
  SPEAKER_00: And we're gonna end that with a copular form of the pronoun or a prepositional pronoun.
• 5:18
  SPEAKER_00: And remember, prepositional pronouns are pronouns combined with prepositions like yum with me, or urum on me, things like that.
• 5:30
  SPEAKER_00: Now the forms of the personal pronouns that we use in the copula are mostly the same to what we're familiar with with a couple of exceptions.
• 5:40
  SPEAKER_00: Those different forms are in he and she and they Mei is still Mei.
• 5:49
  SPEAKER_00: Tu can be tu or who depending on your particular dialect.
• 5:58
  SPEAKER_00: She becomes a and she becomes E, so you're removing the S which is still which or Shin Shing Shiv is Shiv and they is going to change so sheed will change into Eid.
• 6:19
  SPEAKER_00: One of my example sentences was is Dalt Id.
• 6:24
  SPEAKER_00: And Id is they, so you can see B is.
• 6:29
  SPEAKER_00: Then we have the noun Dalt, and then we have this different form of the pronoun.
• 6:36
  SPEAKER_00: We had Id rather than Shiid.
• 6:39
  SPEAKER_00: As I mentioned in some constructions like Ismailum or Isfialum, we can see the prepositional pronouns being used in that case l.
• 6:53
  SPEAKER_00: The negative copula in the present tense is pretty easy.
• 6:58
  SPEAKER_00: It's the same basic construction.
• 7:01
  SPEAKER_00: However, rather than using is, you use ni, so you would say ni mahlum, I don't like, or ni balme, I'm not a woman.
• 7:12
  SPEAKER_00: And somewhat similarly, asking a question with the copula in present tense, you just switch out is for an.
• 7:21
  SPEAKER_00: We remember an is the word that signifies a question is coming.
• 7:26
  SPEAKER_00: So you would say an malat, do you like?
• 7:29
  SPEAKER_00: To answer is something different.
• 7:32
  SPEAKER_00: We know that in Irish there is no yes or no.
• 7:36
  SPEAKER_00: You answer positively or negatively with the verb uh in the question that has been put to you.
• 7:42
  SPEAKER_00: With the copula, the positive answer is isa or sha shortened, and niha for negative.
• 7:52
  SPEAKER_00: So if I ask you on malat, you could say isa or niha.
• 7:58
  SPEAKER_00: Niha for negative, isa or sha for positive.
• 8:04
  SPEAKER_00: Now I've said that the copula is used with nouns and ta is used with adjectives, and that is kind of a good basic guideline, but I don't want you to think that there are never going to be adjectives in a copula form.
• 8:18
  SPEAKER_00: This is not true.
• 8:19
  SPEAKER_00: Copula doesn't mean there are no adjectives in the sentence.
• 8:23
  SPEAKER_00: You can use them together if you're still equating two nouns, like we could say is madra glotcha, and that is he is a cute dog.
• 8:34
  SPEAKER_00: We're still equating or connecting the two nouns he and dog.
• 8:40
  SPEAKER_00: You can use it with adjectives for emphasis as well, like you could say is glotra on madra e he's cute the dog, so he is.
• 8:52
  SPEAKER_00: But if that's a little complex right now, just stick with the Ismadre.
• 8:59
  SPEAKER_00: There's some other phrases that we know or may be useful if we don't know Is quivin lum is I remember Unquivenlat is do you remember?
• 9:13
  SPEAKER_00: Is Ohlum I regret Ispra Lum I love Is Achlum It's strange to me or I find it strange Is fuelum I hate Is evenlum I love Iscumalum I don't mind, I don't care and very important Is Fajerlum It's possible for me and I can just like you can learn Irish and the copula and have a great time So Shenay from me I've included a couple of videos for you to watch that other people have made, not me, on YouTube that will further explain this concept.
• 9:58
  SPEAKER_00: And I am glad to have finally done this episode, and now I can move on to other things, and hopefully they won't be as late as this one.
• 10:07
  SPEAKER_00: So, uh Shanay Khara Muacharja.
• 10:11
  SPEAKER_00: Sometimes I go back and forth between using the singular and plural with y'all.
• 10:15
  SPEAKER_00: Uh I will see you next time, Slan Gafal.
• 10:19
  SPEAKER_00: Bye.