Latest / SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day! / Yoreh De’ah 275:1-4. Sefer Torah: Switching Pesucha and Setuma, Definition, Fixing Them, Writing Shira. By the Sofer, Rav Reuvain Mendlowitz

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Yoreh De’ah 275:1-4. Sefer Torah: Switching Pesucha and Setuma, Definition, Fixing Them, Writing Shira. By the Sofer, Rav Reuvain Mendlowitz · SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day!

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  So yesterday we gave a few words of introduction to Simon, Rashi
• 0:03
  and Hay and now we will read the words of the Mahabir and the
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  Rama. So they say as follows, says the
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  Mahabir Parship sukha Shah ASA stuma ostuma Shah asaf sukha
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  igones. If in the Saifa Tyra there is
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  meant to be a parship sukha and in place of the parship sukha
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  there is instead a parsha stuma or the reverse is meant to be a
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  parsha stuma and in its stead there is a parsha tsuka yuganes
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  to say ptera must be put into gnisa.
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  Now lav dafka to say ptera has to be put into gnisa, you can
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  just extract that urea that sheet right?
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  We mentioned that there are 62 ureas that say ptera is
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  comprised of. So let's say the psul is in
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  middle of Pasha sav, right? So you can just extract that
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  urea and replace it with a new urea.
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  But that urea would have to go into genesa.
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  It's not repairable. That's what the Mahabir says.
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  And that is in accordance with the sheeta of the ramba hagoth,
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  the shine rim. However, there are those that
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  disagree with the ramba and they say the mutter latak knight
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  Kamaya Bashar Toya. Is that just as in other words,
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  let's say you're writing the word baidaber Hashem al
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  meshalima, and you missed out the word Hashem, right?
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  So that is correctable. OK, So just as all other
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  mistakes in a Savitarra are correctable, so so too if you
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  have a Parashev sufa in place of a Parashev Stuma, or if I care
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  the other way around, that would also be correctable.
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  Now it's the same way this other sheeta, the Raj beholds that
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  just as you can correct other things in a Savitaria, so you
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  can correct Absuka and Astuma as well.
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  Then why would the Rambam say that Absuka and Astuma is
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  different? In other words, you could
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  correct, you know, the missing word, Maisha, but you can't
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  correct Absuka Astuma. So the bash this is that the
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  reason is because in order to correct Absuka Astuma mistake, a
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  large amount of erasing would have to be done.
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  And since a large amount of erasing would have to be done so
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  that would be what's called manumer would make the safer
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  Terra look. Manumer literally means spotted
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  like a leopard, right, a nomer. But what it practically means is
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  that this area of the safer is going to look different than
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  other areas of the safer Terra, right?
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  So therefore since it's going to be a big ugly mahika and
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  correction, so therefore the Rambam holes, you have to just
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  be going as the entire urea. But the rajma says no, you can
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  correct it, it's perfectly fine. The plain Nagu has saifrim and
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  that's the minute latacnite M EB shalaya limbteig provided that
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  you are able to make the erasure in a manner shalayi poga
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  bechain. So what that means is his
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  follows, right? Let's say you have a Tucha
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  Bamakhim Stuma, or the other way around.
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  Now, as we just mentioned. So in order to correct that,
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  you're going to have to erase, let's say, 2 lines.
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  In order to be able to rewrite it in the proper formation, you
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  need to give yourself space. You're going to erase a couple
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  of lines. Now, in those couple of lines,
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  there happens to be a shame mashem.
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  So what do you do now? You're not allowed to erase a
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  shame mashem. Other words, in a secretary
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  you're permitted to erase, but a shame Hashem, there's no head
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  there to erase a shame Hashem. So that's what he's saying.
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  So if there's no shame Hashem, then you can be maka like the
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  Rajba, right? Or the mini gives to be maka
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  like the Rajba to correct it. Because what's your other
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  option? You're going to cut the shame
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  Hashem out now, as you understand, you can't erase it,
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  so you're going to cut it out. So no quien le laughter, a shame
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  the Lasse is in the covenant. The urea don't cut out Sheamus
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  because then sounds from their arm all like, what's the problem
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  with cutting out a shame Problem is that now you're going to have
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  holes in your urea of Yosefa Terra and that can't be now this
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  is without getting too deep into it, just to give you a, a, a
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  helicopter tour of this Inion Derama just picked one side of
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  Amochlakis. What's the problem in cutting
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  out of shame? So there are mods saying the
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  problem with Edson. There's no problem with cutting
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  out of shame. But you know what's going to be
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  the same 3rd and now it's going to be ugly because it's going to
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  have a hole in it. That's what there are mods
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  saying. That's one sheet, then the
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  Rishane him the other sheet, then the Rishane him says, what
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  are you kidding me? A hole in the urea is the least
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  of your problems. You can't cut out of shame.
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  Cutting out of shame itself. That's an insert that's a
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  bazillion. So that's not like it's Rishanem
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  there. Emma here is choosing one side.
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  Now the emesis that there's another option other than
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  cutting out a if you look in the old separate tiger, you will
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  find cut out Sheamus with patches.
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  But there's another way of doing it, which is also much like it's
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  Rishanem if it's permitted or not.
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  And that's what's called Khalifa, right?
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  Well, Habdil, if you want to eat a carrot.
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  So what do you do? You are Caliph.
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  The carrot. What does that mean?
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  You kale. If the carrot means you peel,
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  the carrot means there's a peel on an apple or a carrot or other
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  fruits, Right. Or vegetables.
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  And and you peel off the peel. So, so too we'll have dill and
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  esefa Terra, the hides of the animal.
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  The clap has thickness to it. It's not like a piece of paper
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  that the thickness is minuscule. I mean, the truth is, even if it
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  was paper, paper also has a certain thickness to it.
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  So if somebody is talented enough, they can come with a
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  knife and they could literally peel off the shame Hashem, and
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  you'll still have clap there and then you could just write
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  whatever you need to write. So there's a big malaikus
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  regarding Khalifa. Is Khalifa muther or not?
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  Some Rishaim say Khalifa's muther, some Rishaim say Khalifa
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  is awesome, some Rishi him say if you did Khalifa it's mutter
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  to write only another shame Hashem there.
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  Others say no. Once you were caliph you could
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  even write a non shame Hashem in that spot.
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  So these are all big machlaixin and Lamaisa today.
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  So the bottom line is Ashkenazim hold.
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  It's also to do Khalifa and Spyridim hold.
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  Let's back up a step. As I mentioned, they used to do
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  what's called kadera, cutting the shame Hashem out.
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  That's not done anymore, but it's something you do see in old
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  safer terror so. But this other idea of Khalifa
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  so that Ashkenazim hold is osser and spyridim hold is mutter.
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  So that doesn't mean that Ashkenazim don't do it.
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  It just means that when Ashkenazim need to do it,
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  they'll give it to asparity and disparity does it for them.
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  Now the Ashkenazim will write another shame Hashem in the spot
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  where the Khalifa was done, but the Ashkenazim will not write a
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  non shame Hashem in the spot where the Khalifa was done.
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  So the point is coming back to this case, even though none of
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  this is, you know, in the words of the Mahabharan Rama, but just
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  practically speaking, Lama Isa, nowadays, if there would be such
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  a mistake and and such things do happen, Lama Isa, we would make
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  the erasure. We'd be make a like the Rajbir.
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  We do make the erasure. If there was a shame Hashem
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  there, it would be given to aspire the Caliph to do the
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  Khalifa. And since you'd have to write a
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  non shame Hashem in that spot, of course, you're rearranging
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  the whole column in order to fix the sheer parisha.
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  So the Sparty would write the non shame Hashem in that spot.
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  So you'd have a say patera that has, I don't know how many words
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  are in a say patera. It's probably somewhere around
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  70,000 or so. So let's say you'd have 69,999
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  words written by the Ashkenazi cypher, and you'd have one word
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  in that spot where the shame was.
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  Nick laughed. And a different word had to be
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  written, written by a Sparty. So that's the practical
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  ramifications of this halafa. The Rama is, well, the Rama is
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  not talking about Khalifa at all.
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  The Rama is talking about Khedira.
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  Khedira. Nowadays we don't do simply
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  because a patch generally is is noticeable.
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  I mean, the truth is today there are experts who can make a patch
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  and you would never even tell. But aside from the fact that
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  it's noticeable, a patch is also much like this.
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  That place can we'll get to it this much like this the the taz
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  and the shaft regarding a patch altogether.
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  So Klifa avoids that whole problem.
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  If you do Klifa, everything is fine.
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  It's just that and it looks nicer and then you could barely
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  tell. So that's, you know, that's the
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  way to go nowadays. There are professional Kyle Finn
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  available in most cities and areas, Israel.
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  They charge between 30 and 50 shekel per shein Hashem.
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  If you need them to write the shein Hashem, they'll charge you
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  a little extra. And yeah, it's a it's a nice
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  profession that the pashtas, yes, that's also a shy.
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  The question is, it's a shame you'd gave up, has written on
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  the spot and you did a Khalifa. Can you write a different shame
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  on shame in that spot? So that's also a discussion in
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  the bicycle halafa base. But suhas, sukha, but suhas.
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  So till now we've been discussing sufas and stumas,
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  right? But what does a sukha or a stuma
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  actually look like, right? So this is a tremendous,
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  tremendous makhlaq Zapay Eskimyesh Makhlaq has been a
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  Rambam Baha rush. The Eurasia Mayim yachts is
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  cool. So the makhaba over here does
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  not go into what the makhlaqas is, and nor will we because if
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  we did, we'd be here for another hour or two.
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  But the makhaba is going to give us the bottom line.
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  What's the bottom line? The Eurasia Mayim yet say is
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  cooler. Eurasia Mayim should do a OK, so
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  let me just try and give it to you in 20 seconds.
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  There's Mahalegas, the Rambam and the rush.
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  There are three ways that the Rambam says you could make a
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  sukha and I'm sorry, a stuma and two ways that the, if I'm not
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  mistaken, I yeah, I think the Rambam says there are three ways
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  that you can make a stuma and the rush says there are two ways
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  you can make a stuma. The Rambam I believe, says there
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  are two ways that you could make upsukha and the Russia also says
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  there are two ways to make upsukha.
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  But there's much like is what those three ways and two ways
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  are and what those two ways and two ways are.
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  However, the good news is, is that there is one way to make a
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  stuma that the Ramam and the Russia agree on and there is one
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  way to make up sukha that the ramam and the rush agree on.
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  So that's what the Mahabir is saying.
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  So if you're a Eurasia mayim yet say is kulam, just make the
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  asabi Indian Shabe parsha Absuka yasayam parsha Shafanab M
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  Sashita, the Ishtayer Bisaifa khalak kade Tasha isis, the
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  Yaske likhtev be Rayshita shatakteha.
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  So just make up sukha in a manner that it's going to be
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  Kashar Lukule alma. What's a manner that it's going
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  to be Kashar Lukule alma. So he says the first line, you
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  leave 9 letters worth of space blank at the end of the line and
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  then you begin the second line at the beginning of the line.
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  So here I brought a tickling with me and I open it up just
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  now to a random page. So if you look on this random
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  ambar of a Seifa Tyra, so you will see over here that this is
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  a parish ship, a pariship sukha, right?
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  Because you have writing going until the midway point of the
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  line and you have the next parisha beginning at the
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  beginning of the line. So that's exactly the words of
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  the Mahabir over here, right? The Yas of the Indian Shiva
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  Parashev Sukhi, Isaiah Parashele for now the M Sashita.
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  So here you see he finished in the middle of the line.
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  The Ishtayer Bisaifa Falakada Tasha.
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  I see you leave a blank space of nine letters worth of space. 9
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  letters worth of space is the requisite required blank area to
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  create a new paragraph as it were.
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  And you begin the next parasha at the beginning of the next
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  line. OK, so that's the parasha as the
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  Mahaber describes it. What are the 9 letters so that
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  there are four opinions. One opinion is one opinion is 3
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  times the word a share a share a share a share is 9 letters.
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  Now what's unique about a share a share a share is that they're
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  all large letters. Aleph is a large excuse me,
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  Aleph is a large letter. Shin is a large letter.
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  Raish is a large letter, says the basie Asif.
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  Well, let's back up. Is that the Rambam says that
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  there's a Kabbalah Biad Hassafrim, right?
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  The Rahmam Parekh Zayn Avil Jose Vitura says that there's a
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  Kabola Bianna saifrim that when creating a new parsha, the
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  amount of space that you need is Kedei gimel pahmammashir, the
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  amount of space required to write the word ashir 3 Times
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  Now. And the Rahmam says, and that is
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  a mitzvah min Hammovkar. It's the lotion of the Rambam
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  over there. So the question arises, the
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  Basiasif asks, well, if that's the mitzvah mnemuhkar, what's
• 13:58
  the not mitzvah mnemuhkar, right.
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  Mitzvah Mnemuhkar means that that's like Mahatra.
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  OK, so let's say I want to do it, not Mahatra.
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  What's the sheer Rambam doesn't tell you.
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  So the Basiasif pastulates and this is accepted lost by all the
• 14:12
  acronym that 9 udin or 9 vovin right and those alifishin in the
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  ratio wide letters a utter evolve on narrow letters.
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  It says the basiasive the shear is 9 letters.
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  The Rambam says minamovchar is 9 large letters, says the
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  basiasive, not minamovchar would be 9 narrow letters.
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  That's the basies of sheeta. There is a Mary posna, sheeta of
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  the Mary Posna. And he says it's a mixture of
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  the two mixture of wide letters and narrow letters.
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  But hello, hello, Maisa. We, we don't really go with the
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  Mary Posna and we don't really go with the sheeta of what we do
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  is we go with the nine large letters, right?
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  So if you look again over here, you'll see that in this space
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  there's well more than 9 letters worth of space over here.
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  Yes, you could have as much as you want.
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  Yeah, it's a minimum shear, right?
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  So you have to have. So with Atila, we are NIUG like
• 15:12
  the Rambam that we need leave nine large letters worth of
• 15:15
  space. Did they have it?
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  If you only left nine you the Novovan worth of space, that
• 15:21
  would still be kosher. So how do they Rambam?
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  So the mathleggers between the Rambam and the rush, the
• 15:28
  question being asked is what's the what are those cheetahs
• 15:32
  based on? So so one could speculate that
• 15:39
  it's based on the Kabbalah that they had.
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  Now the Rambam had a Kabbalah that the Shir Pasha is meant to
• 15:47
  look Sufa is meant to look this way and Stuma is meant to look
• 15:50
  that way. And the rush had a different
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  Kabbalah. That's one way of you know,
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  that's one possibility, but I don't think that that's the
• 15:59
  correct answer. Would seem to me that it's based
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  on the way that they understood the gamar.
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  There's a particularly Ushalmi that discusses suitless and
• 16:08
  stumas and it's they had different understandings of how
• 16:15
  to learn that gemara and based on how they learned that gemara,
• 16:19
  that's how they established their shita and what
• 16:23
  upsufanestum is supposed to look like.
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  It's important to mention that there are different gear size of
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  that Gemara. So it's possible that their
• 16:31
  opinions stemmed from different gear size in the Gemara.
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  And as it's possible that had they had the same gear, so they
• 16:38
  would have agreed, but they had different gear size and
• 16:41
  therefore they disagreed. So it's an issue.
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  So the Rambam writes that if you look at the secretary that are
• 16:49
  in the shules, you will find, I think his lesson is that there's
• 16:53
  a billable goggle and every secretary is different.
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  So if you look at every secretary in the shul, you're
• 17:00
  just going to be more mixed up than when you started.
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  So that's what the round bomb says.
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  That's why he's laying down the law to let you know how it's
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  meant to be, because there is no uniformity at this time.
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  So that's what a parish of Suka is supposed to look like.
• 17:16
  What's a parish of Suka supposed to look like in a way that
• 17:19
  yaitza, according to both the Rambam and the rush with parsha
• 17:22
  Stuma tamid, the same parsha la shella fennelle bitkhila sshita
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  via NIA khalak kade Tasha ICS the yastel liftev besaif isa
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  shita atma, right? So where do we have a stuma?
• 17:39
  So here you have a stuma, right? If you look at the bottom of
• 17:43
  this armor over here, right? So you will see exactly the
• 17:47
  words of the Mahaba, right? Let's read it again together.
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  We'll be parisha Stuma tamidisayan, parisha chelfener
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  with kila chita. You finish the previous parisha
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  at the beginning of the line, meaning you have writing at the
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  beginning of the line and that's where you finish via nya falaka
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  de tasia isis. You leave a blank space of nine
• 18:07
  letters worth of space. The yasta Lita vasaif isashita
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  atsma, right? And that's why it's called the
• 18:13
  stuma, right? Because it's Sasso, right?
• 18:15
  This is a closed area. It's surrounded by Saab at the
• 18:18
  beginning of the line and Saab at the end of the line.
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  So a parisha stuma, according to both the Rambam and the rush
• 18:26
  that's made in this manner is going to be kosher.
• 18:29
  So that's indeed the mimic nowadays.
• 18:32
  That's how we make a sukha and a stuma in a manner that's kosher
• 18:38
  according to both the Rambam and the rush Hagar vim LOI yuhala
• 18:44
  have in Mccache. Let's say for whatever reason, I
• 18:47
  notice today, it's hard for us to understand why somebody
• 18:51
  wouldn't be able to work it out. But that's because today we have
• 18:54
  a standardized thicken that all the say from copy from and
• 18:57
  writing Sifrey Tyra is, you know, at least in this respect.
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  I don't want to use the word easy, right?
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  But you know, you don't have to think too much in terms of
• 19:07
  arranging the Psufas and the stumas.
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  But there was a time, I'm sorry, a rookie, a rookie can
• 19:14
  definitely still have a problem. But even a rookie, he's copying
• 19:17
  from a stance that he sees in front of him.
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  If you go back more than 100 years.
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  So they, they were on their own, every cypher was on his own.
• 19:27
  And you actually had to know the Halafas, right?
• 19:30
  Today, technically to arrange a tsuf and a stuma, you don't have
• 19:33
  to know anything. You just copy from the text in
• 19:35
  front of you. But in those days, you know,
• 19:38
  they had to really work it out on their own.
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  So sometimes it might have come to a situation where they could
• 19:44
  not create a sheer parisha in a manner that's kosher according
• 19:51
  to both the Rambam and the rush. So what do you do?
• 19:53
  I go up and let's say you are unable to create a parisha in a
• 20:00
  manner that's kosher according to the Rambam and the rush.
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  So stick with the Rambam. And because the mice of the
• 20:11
  Rambam Cheetah was accepted, the kaspu should borrow of him Iker.
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  And we pass in like the Rambam. And that is indeed.
• 20:20
  I mean, I'm not being masking to the Rama, Rama doesn't need my
• 20:24
  Haskama. But I'm just letting you know
• 20:26
  that that's tackle the case. And as all the Akrainim agree on
• 20:29
  this point, this is not a matter of dispute.
• 20:32
  Everybody agrees that, you know, if you're in a pinch and you
• 20:36
  have to choose between the Rambam and the rush, the Halafa
• 20:39
  is like the Rambam when we call Malcolm and Nimzo, say the
• 20:42
  Toyota Shaheenaksuva Lafied bar of us.
• 20:44
  So now that we just said that the Halafa is like the Rambam,
• 20:48
  well, what if I find myself in a kihila, right, and they pull out
• 20:54
  the same photograph for Korea satyra, and I see that the sheer
• 20:58
  parisha is like the rush. So what do I do then?
• 21:02
  Enla paisla kiesh khedelem Shih Ishlem Suarez Zahiras Bazette.
• 21:07
  Of course, at the end of the day, it is a big mahlaegis
• 21:10
  rishainen. So the Ramallah is saying it's a
• 21:12
  fine right? We pass in like the ramba.
• 21:15
  So if you have to do something, do like the Rambam, because
• 21:20
  that's the Sakhalafa. The Sakhalafa is like the
• 21:22
  Rambam. So if you're in a situation
• 21:24
  where you can't be Yeats according to the Rambam and the
• 21:27
  rush, do like the Rambam. OK, fine.
• 21:29
  But now I'm not a cypher. I'm not writing anything.
• 21:32
  I just got an Aaliyah. I'm a pusher to you.
• 21:34
  I got an Aaliyah. They opened the safer tire.
• 21:36
  I start reading. I'm looking at the safer tire
• 21:38
  and I say, hey, what's going on over here?
• 21:40
  This safer tire is not written like the round bomb.
• 21:43
  This safer tire is written like the rush.
• 21:45
  So what do we do now? Do we put the safer tire back in
• 21:48
  the yarn? Kaitis says there are no relax.
• 21:51
  Yeah, it's a Mcclagus. We shine him.
• 21:52
  There's a lot of different opinions and putting a safer
• 21:55
  Terra back in the middle of Korea's a Terra as we see in
• 22:00
  Simon Kufman, Gimel and ershayim over there, it says he only put
• 22:04
  a safer Terra back in the case with his toe is GOMOR, right?
• 22:08
  So this is not called a toe is Gomor.
• 22:09
  This is much like is Rishane him and this is written according to
• 22:12
  other opinions. So take it easy, continue Laning
• 22:15
  and you know, move on. In terms of putting back a safer
• 22:19
  Terra, Yeah, yes. So the the Prima garden and
• 22:23
  there Hakaem say both quoted by the Mishna guru in multiple
• 22:26
  places that in an instance where there is a Makhlaika Sapai
• 22:31
  scheme 1 does not put back a Saifa Tyra middle of Korea
• 22:34
  satyra. In other words, if there's you
• 22:37
  find the proud Valkara is the middle of laning and you find a
• 22:40
  problem in the Safa Tyra. So if it's possible, according
• 22:44
  to everybody, you do put back the Safa Tyra if it says she
• 22:47
  needs Surya in a letter. But if it's some sort of a
• 22:51
  problem, that's Mahalika sapai skin.
• 22:53
  So then you would not put back the safer tire Halacha gimmel.
• 23:00
  Yeah, I think we have time for one more Kasav hashira Keshar
• 23:03
  haksab you have in parishes. Bashala, you have Shiva's hayam,
• 23:12
  right? We have it here in the Tikkun,
• 23:17
  right? Every I think most people know
• 23:19
  that this is what the Shira looks like, right?
• 23:21
  And here it is. You have Shira's Hayam.
• 23:23
  So if one wrote the Shira, you also have Shira's Hazinu, which
• 23:27
  is a different format, which we'll get to what the format is.
• 23:30
  So if one wrote the Shira in the manner of a regular column
• 23:37
  puzzle, right, a shark Ayhax again kosova shira kasharaksav
• 23:43
  oisha kosov Shah raksav kashira puzzle.
• 23:46
  If you wrote a non shira, a non shira in the format of Ashira or
• 23:51
  you wrote the shira in the format of a non Shira, they say
• 23:54
  there is not kosher. But dafkasha kosova shira
• 23:57
  kasharaksav below pisor. Pisor means, right, as we just
• 24:01
  saw in the picture that it's spread out, right?
• 24:03
  So if you wrote it without spreading it out, that's going
• 24:06
  to be not kosher Abalimshina, but pisur mimashinagu loi
• 24:11
  puzzle. But if you spread it out, in
• 24:15
  other words, the the over here, right, you'll see in the Shira
• 24:20
  that there are particular words on particular lines, right, and
• 24:25
  particular lines and in specific manners, right?
• 24:30
  So over here, when you're looking at at this right, So
• 24:34
  over here, right, this line ends Umifkhar, right, Umifkhar
• 24:39
  Shalishyuv to Vyamsev. And then there's a space and
• 24:41
  then to Jaime si Kasimuya oven, right And over here, the first
• 24:46
  word on the line is napshi, and then there's a space and then it
• 24:48
  says arakabhi tereshimiyadi. So what if the words were
• 24:52
  arranged differently? That's the pisor, right?
• 24:54
  You arrange the words differently.
• 24:56
  So that's what he's saying that if you have the correct format,
• 25:00
  just the words are not arranged the way that we have it.
• 25:04
  Abel in Sheena bepiser mimashinagu loypasal that is not
• 25:09
  absul bilvachi. Hey, ariyaf al Gabe levena.
• 25:12
  As long as the format is the format required for Shiraz Haim,
• 25:17
  it's going to be kosher, even if the wording is not in the place
• 25:22
  where we're accustomed to making it.
• 25:24
  And just very quickly, Ariyaf al Gabe levena means that you have
• 25:27
  bricks on top of spaces, right? Ariyaf and Levena are two
• 25:31
  different types of bricks. Ariyef is a short brick, Levena
• 25:33
  is a larger brick. What it's referring to is it's a
• 25:37
  poetic term of how we arrange the shira, meaning space writing
• 25:41
  on top of space and space on top of writing, right As we just
• 25:44
  saw, that's the way Shira's hayam is arranged.
• 25:48
  The long part and the I reacted to the short part.
• 25:54
  So there's my legs are any time in Rashi.