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SpaceX Breaks Another Record · Made of Stars

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Speaker 1: Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
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Speaker 1: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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Speaker 1: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
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Speaker 1: expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and uranus. Listen,
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Speaker 1: that's your own risk.
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Speaker 2: Go ahead.
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Speaker 3: When made of stars, made them stars, madies. When made
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Speaker 3: us stars, you could be from high they would new
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Speaker 3: Mexicomas where all stars.
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Speaker 4: When we are made of stars, I'm Wes Carol, joined
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Speaker 4: by my good friend, doctor Sean Cruise, an executive director
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Speaker 4: at Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
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Speaker 2: Hey Sean, Hey, we it's good to be here today.
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Speaker 3: We are.
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Speaker 4: This is one of those situations where I'm taking a vacation,
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Speaker 4: I'm at the beach, and you're enjoying some time with
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Speaker 4: some family. But we make it a point to make
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Speaker 4: sure we get our weekly made of Stars fixed. And
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Speaker 4: it's interesting because in many cases with work, you go like, well,
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Speaker 4: I'm on vacation, I'm gonna just be on vacation. But
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Speaker 4: when you enjoy something so much, and I just love
1:34
Speaker 4: our sessions to dig into some of these things that
1:37
Speaker 4: we talk about each week that you know, it's worth
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Speaker 4: breaking vacation for like half an hour to talk about stuff.
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Speaker 4: And there's been a couple of things that have happened
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Speaker 4: that we really need to talk about. And the biggest
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Speaker 4: news story in space crazy enough, the news story heard
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Speaker 4: around the world, and we talked of this. It's been
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Speaker 4: a while since, it's been over six seven months whenever
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Speaker 4: we started talking about the fact that this was coming
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Speaker 4: and it's now happened, and that is SpaceX has gone public.
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Speaker 2: We told you people, we gave you a shot.
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Speaker 4: All the heads up was there. That's right.
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Speaker 2: We don't typically, you know, advise on stocks, but this
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Speaker 2: one we thought, you know, might want to just pay
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Speaker 2: a little attention here.
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Speaker 4: I was thinking about actually buying, buying in on this
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Speaker 4: while we're doing the show. I don't know if.
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Speaker 2: I can.
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Speaker 4: From that coordinator.
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Speaker 2: That would be a that would be a Mate of
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Speaker 2: Stars first, it.
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Speaker 4: Would be it would be in a lot of ways.
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Speaker 4: It would be also the first time that I've actually
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Speaker 4: used that app that anyway that I had, well, it
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Speaker 4: would be the second time I guess I've used that app.
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Speaker 4: But so, yes, this is big, and it's big for
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Speaker 4: a number of reasons and listen, I know we're gonna
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Speaker 4: there's a lot to talk about with this, but one
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Speaker 4: of the things that we have heard so much about
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Speaker 4: in all of this is, boy, there goes that old
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Speaker 4: greedy Elon Musk being more greedy. But this is one
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Speaker 4: of those things that it's life changing for many people
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Speaker 4: who work at SpaceX. But we'll get to that part
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Speaker 4: of it, because this is more than just about Elon.
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Speaker 2: It absolutely is. And one of the things we've talked
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Speaker 2: about many times on this podcast is the growth of
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Speaker 2: the space economy worldwide. There are things to be done
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Speaker 2: in space that can make money, and so this is
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Speaker 2: one more litmus test to demonstrate that the space economy globally,
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Speaker 2: not just SpaceX and Elon Musk, but the commercial space
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Speaker 2: industry is going to grow worldwide over the next couple
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Speaker 2: of decades. Recently, there was a a publication by the
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Speaker 2: Hoover Institute at Stanford University that talked about the top
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Speaker 2: ten emerging technology sectors on planet Earth. It was an
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Speaker 2: information piece for leaders of both industry and politics and
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Speaker 2: education actually all three saying where should we be putting
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Speaker 2: our focus, what should we be watching? What kinds of
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Speaker 2: well space was one of those top ten and it
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Speaker 2: you know why, Well, it has to do with communications,
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Speaker 2: It has to do with resources that are located in space,
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Speaker 2: including space based solar power. It has to do with
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Speaker 2: the future of data centers and getting them off world
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Speaker 2: where they're not consuming all of our resources on planet Earth,
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Speaker 2: but they're actually in orbit around the planet and self sustaining.
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Speaker 2: And yeah, SpaceX and this particular IPO, they also bundled
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Speaker 2: in their AI investments, so even though AI isn't space,
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Speaker 2: they did bundle it in and that did help the
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Speaker 2: overall evaluation. So all right, so here's the headline. On
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Speaker 2: June twelfth, twenty twenty six, it was a Friday, SpaceX
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Speaker 2: went public and they started out at one hundred and
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Speaker 2: thirty five dollars a share. They're on the nastack with
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Speaker 2: a ticker symbol of SPCX. I think that stands for
5:27
Speaker 2: SpaceX if I'm not mistaken, I hope something like that.
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Speaker 2: And so they were able to raise on day one
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Speaker 2: seventy five billion dollars. Seventy five billion dollars of outside
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Speaker 2: investment flooded into SpaceX as a company in one day,
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Speaker 2: and that elevated their their stock price obviously, right, the
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Speaker 2: the price went from that one thirty five. It actually,
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Speaker 2: even before it opened was already at one fifty and
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Speaker 2: then it closed at one one hundred and sixty dollars
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Speaker 2: and ninety five cents. And I believe you know at
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Speaker 2: the time of recording, West check the value and it's
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Speaker 2: more than that now. So it's even more than the
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Speaker 2: one hundred and sixty dollars ninety five cents. So this
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Speaker 2: is a market at capitalization that made SpaceX as a
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Speaker 2: company over two point one trillion dollars in total valuation
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Speaker 2: on its first day. And yeah, we're we realized you
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Speaker 2: might be listening to this in the future. It may
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Speaker 2: have gone up even a bit more since since the
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Speaker 2: time that we're recording this and you're hearing this podcast.
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Speaker 2: But that makes it one of the largest public companies
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Speaker 2: in the US, yeah, I would say in the world probably. Right.
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Speaker 2: It also became the largest global IPO ever ever, the
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Speaker 2: largest global IPO ever, and that was the previous The
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Speaker 2: previous record holder was Saudi Arabia's a Ramco back in
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Speaker 2: twenty nineteen, so it beat out a major oil company
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Speaker 2: in other words, right, So, so is there a future
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Speaker 2: in space well, the global investment market seems to think so.
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Speaker 2: So when people ask, you know, why do we at
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Speaker 2: Columbus State University, in this Coca Cola Space Science Center
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Speaker 2: where I work, why do we try to train children
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Speaker 2: about space? It's because it is one of the hottest
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Speaker 2: markets on planet Earth, friends, and a very important strategic
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Speaker 2: market for our United States of America on its nearly
7:53
Speaker 2: two hundred and fiftieth birthday.
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Speaker 4: So you mentioned the AI component of it. Of Obviously,
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Speaker 4: when you talk SpaceX, you're talking about rockets. You're talking
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Speaker 4: about a company that has been about sustainability. This is
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Speaker 4: not including Tesla. Obviously that's a different company, but again,
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Speaker 4: a company that was about sustainability. Elon has his hands
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Speaker 4: in so many different things. One of the other things
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Speaker 4: that you can say Tesla, Okay, the guy figured out
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Speaker 4: how to make electric cars and make them work and
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Speaker 4: be profitable for the companies that were making them. He's
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Speaker 4: still doing it better than the other companies do it. Arguably,
8:33
Speaker 4: I'm not an expert on cars by any means at all,
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Speaker 4: but that's a separate thing. Obviously, we're talking about a
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Speaker 4: guy who took rockets and said, okay, well we're going
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Speaker 4: to do this. We're going to do it at our cadence.
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Speaker 4: We're going to do it in a way that nobody
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Speaker 4: else has ever been able to do it in the
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Speaker 4: history of mankind. And then you know, we're going to
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Speaker 4: reuse boosters, We're going to do things that are going
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Speaker 4: to be about sustainability and making a profit for this company. Obviously,
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Speaker 4: we know AI is where things are heading, so making
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Speaker 4: that part of this certainly helps with the value.
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Speaker 2: Of all of this.
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Speaker 4: The other part of this that I think you can't
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Speaker 4: under sell is the Starlink aspect of it, because Starlink
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Speaker 4: has and they're not the only one. I've had someone
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Speaker 4: point out to me. You know, there's other satellite based
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Speaker 4: internet companies, but this is the high profile one. This
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Speaker 4: is the one that when you see one of the
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Speaker 4: other satellites go overhead, you just go, well, there goes
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Speaker 4: some Starlink satellites. They've kind of become that brand name
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Speaker 4: for it, no matter who's there, no matter if it's
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Speaker 4: a military grade satellite going overhead, maybe it's spy satellites
9:47
Speaker 4: going over I don't know, but we just kind of
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Speaker 4: instantly associate it with band Aid as a brand name
9:54
Speaker 4: or Coke as a soft drink. So it's that in
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Speaker 4: what they've been able to do as a company expanding
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Speaker 4: broadband reach around the world, there certainly seems to be
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Speaker 4: a big future in that where things are heading. And
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Speaker 4: then you think about the work that they've been able
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Speaker 4: to do in countries that broadband is not wasn't even
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Speaker 4: a thought like we're, you know, decades away from that
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Speaker 4: in certain parts of the world. And then you think
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Speaker 4: about also when there's been a disaster and everything is
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Speaker 4: shut down and they've been able to provide broadband for
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Speaker 4: people in crisis situations. So it's understandable why this has
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Speaker 4: been valued so high and why the interest is there
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Speaker 4: for it.
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Speaker 2: Yeah, all of those positive aspects are undeniable. And you
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Speaker 2: know they're going to go to a system where they're
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Speaker 2: going direct to phone at some point, so device direct.
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Speaker 4: And I my cell service is through a company that
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Speaker 4: if you lose service, it will just jump over in
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Speaker 4: connect to something with starlink and then suddenly you have it.
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Speaker 4: It happened with me last year when I was making
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Speaker 4: my trip to Australia and I told you, I said, now,
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Speaker 4: this is a thing I'm very curious to know. If
11:12
Speaker 4: you know you're not supposed to have it on on
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Speaker 4: a plane. But I was just really curious to know
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Speaker 4: whether or not that this was going to be an
11:20
Speaker 4: option while we were traveling, uh, and I just I
11:25
Speaker 4: asked questions of the crew, and I found that one
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Speaker 4: crew member who knew exactly the answers to the questions,
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Speaker 4: and they were like, you're not going to get it
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Speaker 4: here because they don't fly over this, you know, ocean area,
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Speaker 4: because there's not really a need for it. The only
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Speaker 4: real need for it would be planes that kind of
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Speaker 4: just zip right by and that's it, and it's it's
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Speaker 4: not a sustained thing. And it made sense. I understood,
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Speaker 4: you know that. But we probably are going to get
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Speaker 4: to a point where, yeah, we're going to have coverage
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Speaker 4: in parts of the world that we wouldn't have thought,
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Speaker 4: like in the ocean. Maybe not sustained, but at times
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Speaker 4: because of it. So but yeah, to your point, this
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Speaker 4: is where it's heading for phones. This is where it's
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Speaker 4: going to be, just as far as where the future
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Speaker 4: seems to be heading for it. Because you know, companies
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Speaker 4: like this are and as we've talked about many times before,
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Speaker 4: this is this is someone who runs his companies in
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Speaker 4: a way that says we're going to move forward. If
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Speaker 4: we make a mistake, we'll recover from it and we'll
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Speaker 4: do something else. And they just seem to be full
12:31
Speaker 4: speed ahead on all three of these areas.
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Speaker 2: And yes, and again, I'm going to say there are
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Speaker 2: many positive aspects of all of that. I think it's
12:42
Speaker 2: impossible to bring up this subject. And again, I don't
12:46
Speaker 2: like to just be the naysayer. I don't want to
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Speaker 2: be a a naysayer, but I want to offer both sides.
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Speaker 2: It's very important to discuss the fact that there are
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Speaker 2: over ten thousand of the Starlink satellites in orbit right now,
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Speaker 2: and their orbits decay, and so what happens, Well, when
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Speaker 2: their orbit's decay, they burn up in the atmosphere. It's like, well,
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Speaker 2: you know, it just burns up in the atmosphere. Well,
13:07
Speaker 2: what happens to all of those materials, Like what are
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Speaker 2: these Startling satellites made out of? Well, they're largely made
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Speaker 2: out of aluminum. So what happens to the aluminum, Well,
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Speaker 2: the aluminum stays in the atmosphere. So the decay of
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Speaker 2: Startling satellites is slowly adding to the aluminum content in
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Speaker 2: our atmosphere. Now, okay, so there's ten ten thousand. There's
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Speaker 2: ten thousand of these satellites. They're not all decaying at once.
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Speaker 2: This seems like a fairly slow trickle until you hear
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Speaker 2: the fact that Elon Musk has applied to the FAA
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Speaker 2: for licenses to put over a million Starling satellites in orbit,
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Speaker 2: And then you have to say, oh hmm, is there
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Speaker 2: ultimately a better way to do that, right, just in
14:01
Speaker 2: terms of orbital mechanics, And you're right, you made a
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Speaker 2: really good point. Elon Musk's companies have been all about sustainability.
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Speaker 2: It's the reason he decided to try to use reusable rockets.
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Speaker 2: It's the reason he decided to go with battery operated
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Speaker 2: cars or electric cars to help with genuine problems for
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Speaker 2: humanity in the environment. So certainly somewhere they're talking about
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Speaker 2: a more sustainable version of these satellite constellations. But right now,
14:35
Speaker 2: in twenty twenty six, their major strategy is just to
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Speaker 2: put a bunch of a bigger cluster, a larger constellation
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Speaker 2: of aluminum satellites in low Earth orbit where they will
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Speaker 2: be decaying, you know, to your point where you want
14:53
Speaker 2: to cover all the places not just the populated places.
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Speaker 2: In fact, one of the advantages is that I can
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Speaker 2: be in the middle the ocean and all of a
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Speaker 2: sudden my boat breaks down or whatever, I can still
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Speaker 2: hit the starlink cluster. Well perhaps you can, perhaps you
15:07
Speaker 2: can't today. But their vision is for anybody anywhere on
15:11
Speaker 2: planet Earth to be able to use these Well, in
15:13
Speaker 2: order to accomplish that in the current mode, they have
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Speaker 2: to put up over a million satellites, which by definition
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Speaker 2: or by design will decay and add to the overall
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Speaker 2: aluminum content in the atmosphere, which is a pollutant and
15:27
Speaker 2: causes the atmosphere to change characteristics, which is not something
15:32
Speaker 2: we want so anyway, So.
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Speaker 4: Basically, in adding more and in trying to be you know,
15:40
Speaker 4: I continue to be a company focused on sustainability, they
15:43
Speaker 4: do have a little more money in their pockets that
15:46
Speaker 4: they can do that.
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Speaker 2: With seventy five billion extra dollars to figure that problem.
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Speaker 4: Out, Yeah, they can work with that, I think in
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Speaker 4: a single day. And just the other part of this
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Speaker 4: and you go, okay, well this is you know, Elon
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Speaker 4: owns these companies and obviously a little less of this one.
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Speaker 4: But you just go, well, this is just the rich
16:05
Speaker 4: getting richer. This has benefited some of those employees that
16:11
Speaker 4: have been with SpaceX and invested early on in a
16:16
Speaker 4: very big way, Like he may be losing some people.
16:21
Speaker 4: I mean, this is like retirement money for some of
16:23
Speaker 4: these people to go, yeah, I think I've done my
16:25
Speaker 4: time here.
16:26
Speaker 2: So SpaceX as a company has a little bit of
16:29
Speaker 2: a reputation for you know, maybe driving employees. I mean,
16:34
Speaker 2: Elon himself doesn't have what anyone would consider regular working hours,
16:41
Speaker 2: and so I think that builds the expectation overall that
16:44
Speaker 2: people are just going to work all the time and
16:49
Speaker 2: you know, have the forty hour work week is not
16:53
Speaker 2: a constraint. That's the reputation. I can't really say if
16:59
Speaker 2: that's true or not, but I do know that's the
17:01
Speaker 2: reputation hard driving, foot to the floor, pour yourself into
17:06
Speaker 2: this because we're doing amazing things, but you know, you
17:09
Speaker 2: may not have a family life. That's kind of an
17:12
Speaker 2: industry reputation out there. Well okay, So the opposite end
17:17
Speaker 2: of that coin, or the other side of that coin,
17:19
Speaker 2: is that many of those lower level, hard working employees,
17:25
Speaker 2: thousands of them by the way, who were early invested
17:29
Speaker 2: in SpaceX, just became millionaires because of the IPO. So
17:37
Speaker 2: so we now have a bunch of newly minted SpaceX
17:40
Speaker 2: millionaires because they own stock in the company as well,
17:45
Speaker 2: because they were early vested in the in the company.
17:48
Speaker 2: So and again I always remind other people too of this.
17:52
Speaker 2: I heard a great interview with Gwyn Shotwell recently, who's
17:55
Speaker 2: the chief operating officer of SpaceX. SpaceX is not Elon,
18:01
Speaker 2: and Elon is not SpaceX. So there are so many
18:05
Speaker 2: other people involved, and so many people who are working
18:08
Speaker 2: for the goals of this global space industry in general,
18:12
Speaker 2: the goals of the Artemis program, the goals of humanity
18:17
Speaker 2: quite frankly, and how we advance to become a multiplanetary species.
18:22
Speaker 2: That to focus all the attention on Elon Musk himself
18:24
Speaker 2: simply not fair. And I'm sure this will get overlooked
18:27
Speaker 2: a lot, but again, a lot of a lot of
18:30
Speaker 2: people who had devoted themselves and worked really hard in
18:34
Speaker 2: much lower level positions at SpaceX had a giant windfall
18:39
Speaker 2: for this IPO. So good for them as.
18:41
Speaker 4: Well, especially people who've been putting in those kind of
18:44
Speaker 4: hours you're talking about, because I think now if you
18:47
Speaker 4: you know, ended up with a few million. In this situation,
18:51
Speaker 4: you might have an opportunity to walk in and you know,
18:53
Speaker 4: cut it back to you know, thirty five hours now,
18:56
Speaker 4: you know, maybe I want to I want to cut
18:58
Speaker 4: or just cut back to a reason.
19:01
Speaker 2: Once you're in the millions, there are other space companies
19:04
Speaker 2: you can work for.
19:05
Speaker 4: That's right, there's other options there if.
19:07
Speaker 2: You're not having fun in your SpaceX world.
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Speaker 4: More made of stars right after this. So one of
19:33
Speaker 4: the goals for SpaceX is being involved in work with
19:38
Speaker 4: NASA and and then in some cases just work all
19:42
Speaker 4: completely on their own. But there tends to be an
19:45
Speaker 4: overlap with all of that. And basically we have a
19:48
Speaker 4: situation where SpaceX is ready to later this summer fire
19:53
Speaker 4: a rocket at the Moon, hit the Moon, and then
19:57
Speaker 4: NASA wants your help observing the impact.
20:00
Speaker 2: So the headlines are you know, SpaceX is just going
20:04
Speaker 2: to randomly hit the Moon with the rocket. What are
20:07
Speaker 2: they doing?
20:07
Speaker 4: Yeah, I've seen them.
20:09
Speaker 2: I've seen those headlines. Ouch, come on, people, once they
20:13
Speaker 2: get to all these trillions of dollars, now they just
20:15
Speaker 2: want to declare war on the Moon and start shooting
20:17
Speaker 2: rockets at it. Poof. Okay, let's let's see if we
20:21
Speaker 2: can unpack that a little here. Here's what's going on.
20:23
Speaker 2: It's the Artemis program, friends, it's NASA, and NASA, through
20:27
Speaker 2: the Artomist program, has awarded contracts to a variety of
20:30
Speaker 2: commercial space companies to put robotic spacecraft on the Moon.
20:34
Speaker 2: That includes Firefly Aerospace and their Blue Ghost Lander, and
20:40
Speaker 2: SpaceX just happens to be the delivery rocket that takes
20:44
Speaker 2: that vehicle from Firefly Aerospace to the Moon and drops
20:48
Speaker 2: it off. Okay, so it turns out that the next
20:52
Speaker 2: time that Firefly is going to go to the Moon
20:55
Speaker 2: with their Blue Ghost Lander, the SpaceX upper stage that
20:58
Speaker 2: gets it to the Moon, once it separates from that payload,
21:02
Speaker 2: is going to fall onto the Moon because that's orbital dynamics.
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Speaker 2: That's not a declaration of war. It's just the way
21:10
Speaker 2: those things work. So this four ton rocket body is
21:13
Speaker 2: expected to strike the Moon and put in brand new
21:17
Speaker 2: crater on the surface of the Moon that's somewhere between
21:22
Speaker 2: thirty and sixty feet wide and supposed to throw a
21:26
Speaker 2: bunch of lunar debris high into the I would call
21:30
Speaker 2: it the atmosphere, but there isn't really an atmosphere high
21:33
Speaker 2: above the surface of the Moon. So that it can
21:35
Speaker 2: be seen from the Earth. That's because it's going to
21:38
Speaker 2: hit at about a speed of about two point four
21:41
Speaker 2: to three kilometers per second, which if we translated that
21:43
Speaker 2: into miles an hour, that is really fast. It's just
21:48
Speaker 2: super fast. So there you go.
21:49
Speaker 4: All right.
21:50
Speaker 2: So here's what Brian Day of the NASA Ames Research
21:53
Speaker 2: Center says about this event. During a June twelfth briefing,
21:59
Speaker 2: he said this quote, Citizens, scientists may be able to
22:03
Speaker 2: help us observe this event. Observers in the Americas will
22:09
Speaker 2: have the best view. Okay, did you hear that? All
22:14
Speaker 2: of you made of stars listeners in the Americas, in
22:19
Speaker 2: our hemisphere, we have the best view because it's going
22:23
Speaker 2: to happen at the best time of night for us here, right,
22:26
Speaker 2: And so that means that you might be able to
22:30
Speaker 2: if you're one of those people that have a telescope
22:32
Speaker 2: and a camera, you might be able to. Wait a minute,
22:35
Speaker 2: we're one of those organizations that has a telescope and camera.
22:40
Speaker 2: We at the Coca Cola Space Science Center. That's true,
22:42
Speaker 2: and our observing team and our students at Columbus State
22:45
Speaker 2: University will be observing this event on that evening. Hope
22:49
Speaker 2: we have clear skies. We're going to be trying to
22:51
Speaker 2: get images right along with the rest of the astronomical
22:54
Speaker 2: community globally, particularly in the Americas, to see if we
22:57
Speaker 2: can help capture the event of an impact plume rising
23:02
Speaker 2: above this newly formed impact crater. That will allow us
23:07
Speaker 2: to learn a little bit more about the lunar surface
23:10
Speaker 2: and just contribute data into understanding how impacts of various
23:14
Speaker 2: sizes and angles make craters on the surface of the Moon.
23:18
Speaker 2: Why is that important, Well, remember we're about to send
23:21
Speaker 2: people up there to stay right, to have a permanently
23:25
Speaker 2: inhabited moon base, and so the more we understand about
23:29
Speaker 2: the lunar surface, the better it is for all of
23:32
Speaker 2: those people who will be spending time up there on
23:35
Speaker 2: the surface of the Moon. By the way, is this
23:37
Speaker 2: the first time west that we've ever hit the Moon
23:39
Speaker 2: with a rocket? No, thank you, that's the correct answer.
23:46
Speaker 2: You win today's prize.
23:47
Speaker 4: There are a few countries who've done it repeatedly.
23:50
Speaker 2: Not on purpose, yeah, yeah, trying to actually land on
23:54
Speaker 2: the Moon. They just augur something into the surface. Yes,
23:58
Speaker 2: but we won't talk about that anyway. No, but even
24:01
Speaker 2: a rocket stage, this isn't the first time that even
24:03
Speaker 2: a rocket stage has hit the Moon. It happened multiple
24:06
Speaker 2: times during the Apollo era as well, so NASA routinely
24:10
Speaker 2: crashed upper stages of the Saturn five into the lunar surface.
24:14
Speaker 2: They did it on purpose at times to generate moonquakes
24:17
Speaker 2: so they could test their seismometers left behind by NASA
24:21
Speaker 2: astronauts when they actually did go to the lunar surface
24:26
Speaker 2: in the nineteen sixties and seventies, friends, when they actually
24:30
Speaker 2: did that, So let's not have that conversation because that's silly. Also,
24:36
Speaker 2: back in two thousand and nine, NASA's l Cross mission
24:39
Speaker 2: crashed a two point three ton Centaur rocket stage into
24:43
Speaker 2: the lunar surface in the Salpole area to look for
24:46
Speaker 2: signs of water. So that was another time where we
24:49
Speaker 2: wanted to throw some material into the air off the
24:51
Speaker 2: lunar surface so that we could check to see what
24:54
Speaker 2: the lunar surface was made out of and what kind
24:56
Speaker 2: of consistency it had. So this is not even a
24:59
Speaker 2: first time test. It's not something that SpaceX just decided
25:02
Speaker 2: to do on their own. This is actually science at work.
25:07
Speaker 2: So here we go.
25:09
Speaker 4: Worth noting, you said Brian Day from NASA, that's not
25:14
Speaker 4: Brian May. That's a different guy altogether. But I would
25:18
Speaker 4: like to give Brian May a little credit for doing
25:21
Speaker 4: an outstanding job on the Masters of the Universe music,
25:24
Speaker 4: because he did an excellent job working on that.
25:27
Speaker 2: Can we just say we can declare it Brian may Day,
25:30
Speaker 2: even though it's June.
25:32
Speaker 4: That's right, so on behalf of.
25:34
Speaker 2: Made of Stars Brian May, guitarist for Queen and also
25:39
Speaker 2: noted radio astronomer astrophysicist Brian May. Happy Brian may Day
25:46
Speaker 2: so says made of stars.
25:47
Speaker 4: More made of stars?
25:49
Speaker 5: Right after this?
26:11
Speaker 4: This is another I don't confuse this person with a
26:14
Speaker 4: different celebrity. We're not talking about the skipper from Gilligan's Island.
26:18
Speaker 4: We're talking about Alan Hale. The astronomer has passed away.
26:23
Speaker 4: And when you hear the name Hale and astronomy, you
26:30
Speaker 4: may not get there immediately, but you might eventually go.
26:33
Speaker 4: Hang on, is this the guy the Hail Bop comic guy?
26:36
Speaker 2: Uh?
26:36
Speaker 4: Yeah, it is.
26:38
Speaker 2: It is the Hail Bob comic guy.
26:39
Speaker 4: He found this thing with Teddy Bop, right, yes, Thomas Bop,
26:43
Speaker 4: actually Thomas Bop just through out Teddy was gonna be
26:48
Speaker 4: Teddy or Percy. Those are my go to generic first thing,
26:53
Speaker 4: I guess and I don't. At one time, I would
26:55
Speaker 4: just start with Rumpel Stilskin because eventually you got to
26:58
Speaker 4: get there. But that's you know, many ames deep typically
27:01
Speaker 4: in the story. But all right, so Thomas Bob.
27:04
Speaker 2: So let's tell the story of the Hail Bob comet.
27:08
Speaker 2: Which is pretty amazing because two independent astronomers, neither one
27:14
Speaker 2: at the time doing what we would call professional astronomy.
27:17
Speaker 2: Although Alan Hale was a professional astronomer, he was working
27:21
Speaker 2: at a science museum believe it or not at the
27:24
Speaker 2: time and running their observatory, which is a very familiar
27:27
Speaker 2: territory for us at Coca Cola Space Science Center. But
27:30
Speaker 2: Alan Hale was at home just doing some backyard astronomy
27:35
Speaker 2: at his house, and he was looking out into the
27:38
Speaker 2: sky and he saw a smudge of light where it
27:41
Speaker 2: should not be. In other words, you have to know
27:44
Speaker 2: the sky pretty well and know where all the smudges
27:46
Speaker 2: of light are, and you just have to continually be
27:49
Speaker 2: searching the sky for these smudges of light. And this
27:52
Speaker 2: is far before the advent of AI or automated processes.
27:56
Speaker 2: This is somebody just just being a dedicated to I'm
28:00
Speaker 2: looking with their own eye and finding things in the sky.
28:03
Speaker 2: And lo and behold Alan Hale in Cloudcroft, New Mexico,
28:09
Speaker 2: a very nice dark sky site near Alamgordo, where he
28:13
Speaker 2: worked at the museum by the way, was able to
28:16
Speaker 2: discover a patch of fuzziness that wasn't normal, or in
28:21
Speaker 2: other words, it wasn't typically in that location. And because
28:26
Speaker 2: Alan Hale had discovered many other comets, he was a
28:30
Speaker 2: he was a storied comet discoverer, he knew what this was.
28:36
Speaker 2: He said, oh, this is this is a comment. This
28:38
Speaker 2: is some new comet. And he rushed to the telephone
28:42
Speaker 2: and called the the Bureau for International Telegrams at Harvard University,
28:49
Speaker 2: where they take information like this from astronomers and they
28:54
Speaker 2: record who discovers these things first. And I don't know
28:58
Speaker 2: if they have more than one line, but base. At
29:00
Speaker 2: the same time, in another part of America, there was
29:04
Speaker 2: another guy named Thomas Bopp who was at a star
29:08
Speaker 2: party with a borrowed telescope wasn't even his telescope, and
29:12
Speaker 2: he was checking out the sky also found the same
29:15
Speaker 2: fuzzy patch. Also had enough friends there that knew what
29:19
Speaker 2: to do. They called the Bureau for International telegrams at
29:23
Speaker 2: Harvard University and reported the same fuzzy patch almost simultaneously,
29:29
Speaker 2: close enough that both of these astronomers, working independently were
29:34
Speaker 2: granted the naming rights to the comment, which the catalog
29:38
Speaker 2: number later became C. Nineteen ninety five oh one. Now
29:43
Speaker 2: here's what is important to know about that. Nineteen ninety
29:47
Speaker 2: five was the year of its discovery. It was almost
29:51
Speaker 2: at the orbit of Jupiter when it was discovered. That's
29:57
Speaker 2: how would we say, this a long way off, and
30:01
Speaker 2: so comets don't get typically get discovered that far out.
30:06
Speaker 2: So it made its appearance in Earth's skies in nineteen
30:10
Speaker 2: ninety seven, nearly well the better part of two years later.
30:16
Speaker 2: And the reason that's important is because it was big
30:19
Speaker 2: enough and bright enough to be seen the better part
30:23
Speaker 2: of two years before. It could be visible in the
30:26
Speaker 2: night skies of Earth with the unaided eye, in other words,
30:30
Speaker 2: without a telescope. So that means this was one hail
30:34
Speaker 2: bop of a commet, if you know what I'm saying.
30:37
Speaker 2: It was extraordinarily large, extraordinarily bright. By the time it
30:41
Speaker 2: shone up in the skies above Earth, it was easily
30:46
Speaker 2: visible to the unaided eye about four blocks off the
30:51
Speaker 2: Las Vegas Strip, one of the most light polluted nighttime
30:55
Speaker 2: skies you can imagine. How do I know that, because
30:57
Speaker 2: that's where I was, the Physics building at the University
31:02
Speaker 2: of Nevada, Las Vegas, hosting star parties for people to
31:05
Speaker 2: come and see clearly the comet of the century, comet Hailbop.
31:12
Speaker 4: It's hard not to talk about any of this without
31:17
Speaker 4: addressing the cult and then the mass suicide that happened
31:21
Speaker 4: in ninety seven, because that's what most people tend to
31:24
Speaker 4: associate with this, unlike you, who were there and looking
31:28
Speaker 4: at the comment, and that's what you associate with it.
31:31
Speaker 4: I just especially bring it up one because yes, this
31:34
Speaker 4: is that comment for people who live through all of
31:36
Speaker 4: that and remember that story. But I think it's relevant
31:41
Speaker 4: today when we talk about the fact that we just
31:45
Speaker 4: had another comment that someone tried to say, wait a minute,
31:48
Speaker 4: this is a spaceship coming from deep space, and that
31:53
Speaker 4: was my concern, and you and I talked about it.
31:55
Speaker 4: I don't know that we talked about it on the show,
31:57
Speaker 4: but we talked about it just you know, private about it.
32:00
Speaker 4: We may have addressed it on the show, but it's
32:03
Speaker 4: one of those things where when you start trying to say, well,
32:06
Speaker 4: maybe this is aliens coming from deep space, that's when
32:10
Speaker 4: things can start to get they can start to spiral. Obviously,
32:15
Speaker 4: for something like this with a cult, this was there's
32:18
Speaker 4: a cult leader involved, and there's someone who decided to
32:23
Speaker 4: do whatever it was that they did, And I can't
32:25
Speaker 4: pretend to do the psychological profile on a dough or
32:28
Speaker 4: whatever the guy's name was. But now in twenty twenty
32:34
Speaker 4: six or twenty twenty five, as you have sort of
32:37
Speaker 4: this other situation that came up with the Internet, with
32:41
Speaker 4: mass media the way it is there, certainly could have
32:44
Speaker 4: been potential for someone like this to have made this
32:48
Speaker 4: even bigger because you start thinking, what thirty nine people
32:51
Speaker 4: took their lives, how many more people could have done that?
32:55
Speaker 4: When it comes to a comment like this anyway, it's
32:57
Speaker 4: just one of those things that like we do the
32:59
Speaker 4: whole like never forget with certain milestones and things, And
33:03
Speaker 4: I know this isn't one of those things that we
33:05
Speaker 4: tend to think of as they never forget. But certainly
33:09
Speaker 4: the families of the people involved in this will carry
33:12
Speaker 4: that for the rest of their lives and wonder what
33:13
Speaker 4: could I have done differently or how could I have
33:15
Speaker 4: kept my family member from being involved in that? Famously,
33:19
Speaker 4: Michelle Nichols from Star Trek, her brother was one of
33:21
Speaker 4: the people. But the potential there when we start saying, well,
33:25
Speaker 4: there's a new comment and it's acting differently, maybe it's
33:28
Speaker 4: a spaceship. It certainly could have played into something maybe
33:32
Speaker 4: even worse.
33:33
Speaker 2: Right, Yeah, so to comment on that, first of all,
33:39
Speaker 2: just a tragedy beyond anything that we can imagine. Right.
33:43
Speaker 2: So that was true in ninety seven, it's still true today.
33:49
Speaker 2: I think this is true. I think there's a reason
33:53
Speaker 2: why scientists, and particularly scientists who have a forward facing
33:59
Speaker 2: or a public facing roles, such as me. I think
34:03
Speaker 2: this is why we get passionate about rejecting non standard narratives,
34:08
Speaker 2: because people get People can have a tendency to become
34:13
Speaker 2: obsessively fixated on non standard narratives, and the results are
34:18
Speaker 2: not usually positive. The Hailbop comet certainly an example of that.
34:25
Speaker 2: For this group out in California. The ones that we
34:29
Speaker 2: combat on a regular basis are things like flat earth,
34:35
Speaker 2: things like moon hoax that we never went to the moon.
34:39
Speaker 2: You know, these are these are non standard narratives, and
34:43
Speaker 2: I feel like I have to walk a careful line
34:45
Speaker 2: because clearly, in the history of science, out of the
34:49
Speaker 2: box thinkers have been very instrumental in shifting our paradigms
34:55
Speaker 2: to even more correct paradigms. And so, you know, the
35:01
Speaker 2: event the advent of general relativity and quantum mechanics and
35:04
Speaker 2: all these kinds of things owe themselves to out of
35:08
Speaker 2: the box thinkers. But this is why we also apply
35:12
Speaker 2: the rigor of scientific testing and evaluation to things like
35:17
Speaker 2: out of the box ideas. We want to test to
35:22
Speaker 2: make sure they uphold the standard of science, which is
35:27
Speaker 2: just like it's just like a societal double check, you
35:32
Speaker 2: can think of it that way, to help us sort
35:35
Speaker 2: out reality from fantasy. And so so yeah, that's that's
35:41
Speaker 2: why I think it's it's really important for us to
35:44
Speaker 2: continue to maintain in the public narrative a focus and
35:49
Speaker 2: a good handle on scientific verification, particularly when it comes
35:55
Speaker 2: to non standard hypotheses about natural nomenon like comet hillbot
36:01
Speaker 2: back in nineteen ninety.
36:02
Speaker 4: Seven more made of stars. Right after this, all right,
36:26
Speaker 4: so we got Father's Day coming up, and we've got
36:29
Speaker 4: the summer solstice coming up, So let's talk a little
36:33
Speaker 4: bit about that, because like you would go, well, Father's
36:37
Speaker 4: Day is going to be a summer solstice longest day
36:39
Speaker 4: of the year, right.
36:41
Speaker 2: Yeah, there are many reasons why Father's Day can become
36:43
Speaker 2: the longest day of the year. We can we can
36:47
Speaker 2: talk about that, but that's I don't want to go there.
36:49
Speaker 4: There's more time for us to mow grass.
36:54
Speaker 2: So so if you're not out mowing the grass, well, heck,
36:59
Speaker 2: if you are out mowing in the grass, you might
37:01
Speaker 2: be very interested in the fact that summer solstice is
37:04
Speaker 2: falling on Father's Day, which means it is the longest
37:06
Speaker 2: day of sunlight for the entire year. So you're not
37:10
Speaker 2: going to get into that evening shade for quite some time.
37:13
Speaker 2: It's going to be quite late on the clock to
37:16
Speaker 2: get into that evening shade. Now here's the weird part.
37:19
Speaker 2: If you decide to go early in the morning, you
37:22
Speaker 2: might realize that that that Father's Day on June twenty
37:26
Speaker 2: first of twenty twenty six is not even the earliest sunrise.
37:30
Speaker 2: The sun was actually rising several days well, quite a
37:35
Speaker 2: bit earlier, several days before June twenty first, So the
37:38
Speaker 2: earliest sunrises in places like Columbus, Georgia, where Wes and
37:42
Speaker 2: I tend to hang out quite a lot. Is going
37:44
Speaker 2: to actually happen. It's already happens on the June eleventh
37:48
Speaker 2: or twelfth. It's in that range of time. They're practically
37:52
Speaker 2: the same sunrise times at those times anyway, So it's
37:56
Speaker 2: already happened. So the sun's already come up the earliest
37:59
Speaker 2: for the entire year. So how could June twenty first
38:02
Speaker 2: still be the longest day. Well, here's what happens. The
38:07
Speaker 2: day on which the earliest sunrises and the latest sunsets
38:13
Speaker 2: occur are not actually on the longest day of the year.
38:17
Speaker 2: They tend to slide around those dates just a little bit.
38:21
Speaker 2: The earliest sunrises happen in North America before that solstice
38:28
Speaker 2: on June twenty first. The latest sunsets don't happen until July.
38:38
Speaker 2: That's weird, isn't it. Why Why does that happen? How
38:41
Speaker 2: can you have the longest day of the year but
38:43
Speaker 2: you don't even have the earliest sunrise or latest sunset? Strange? Well,
38:48
Speaker 2: it's because those sunrise and sunset times are not symmetric
38:52
Speaker 2: around our clock noon, because the Earth's orbit around the
38:58
Speaker 2: Sun is not a semmetri circle, and because the Earth's
39:03
Speaker 2: orbital axis, I'm sorry, the Earth's rotation axis is tilted.
39:09
Speaker 2: So both of these effects play a role. You can
39:13
Speaker 2: think of it this way. When the Earth is tilt,
39:18
Speaker 2: the Earth's axis is tilted toward the Sun around the
39:20
Speaker 2: summer solstice. If you drew a perfect line of east
39:24
Speaker 2: west on the surface of the Earth, that east west
39:27
Speaker 2: line would not be at ninety degrees to that tilt
39:31
Speaker 2: axis line. That's a little weird to think about, but
39:35
Speaker 2: that's because the tilt line on the curved Earth is
39:38
Speaker 2: just a little bit off. And so what happens there
39:43
Speaker 2: is that you get a non alignment, which moves noon
39:47
Speaker 2: of solar noon when the Sun is actually highest in
39:49
Speaker 2: the sky, off the clock noon. Here's the other thing
39:54
Speaker 2: that happens. Because we go around in an ellipse. The
39:57
Speaker 2: Earth is actually moving fastest when it's closest to the Sun.
40:02
Speaker 2: That happens in January, by the way, And the Earth's
40:05
Speaker 2: speed around the Sun is actually slowest when it's farthest
40:09
Speaker 2: from the Sun. That actually happens in July. And so
40:13
Speaker 2: the changing speed of the Earth also affects what time
40:18
Speaker 2: the sun rises and sets on the Earth. So these
40:21
Speaker 2: effects are subtle. They're a little bit hard to tell,
40:24
Speaker 2: but they do when you look at actual sunrise and
40:27
Speaker 2: sunset times shift those just a little bit around that
40:31
Speaker 2: summer Sustice day of June twenty first. By the way,
40:36
Speaker 2: West and I were discussing this earlier, West has ties
40:38
Speaker 2: to family down in Australia. Their summer is actually shorter
40:43
Speaker 2: than our summer here in the Northern Hemisphere. And that's
40:47
Speaker 2: again because of the changing speed of the Earth going
40:51
Speaker 2: around the Sun. It's faster in January, well, that's Australia summer,
40:57
Speaker 2: so they don't get as many days of Australia summer.
41:00
Speaker 2: It's slowest in July. Well, that's in the middle of
41:03
Speaker 2: our summer, so that slows us down and gives us
41:05
Speaker 2: a few extra days of Northern Hemisphere summer. And so
41:09
Speaker 2: the number of days between March twenty first and September
41:13
Speaker 2: twenty first is actually longer than the number of days
41:17
Speaker 2: between September twenty first and March twenty first, making Southern
41:21
Speaker 2: Hemisphere summer's shorter, Northern Hemisphere summers longer. If you don't
41:28
Speaker 2: understand that, look it up. There's a great there's a
41:31
Speaker 2: great article this year on EarthSky dot com. You can
41:34
Speaker 2: check it out there.
41:35
Speaker 4: Come to the Coca Cola Space Science Center, Sean, I'll
41:37
Speaker 4: tell you all about it.
41:38
Speaker 2: I'll be happy to take you to a whiteboard and
41:40
Speaker 2: just draw it out for you. Yeah, it'll be great.
41:43
Speaker 4: Well, not only is it a slightly shorter summer, but
41:46
Speaker 4: it's got lots of snakes and spiders and stuff.
41:50
Speaker 2: You know.
41:51
Speaker 4: That's the other part. That's the other part of I
41:55
Speaker 4: don't use that as a selling point for my friends
41:57
Speaker 4: when I tell them that they should go visit, though.
41:59
Speaker 4: But people as inevitable are they.
42:01
Speaker 2: Out more in the summertime than in the winter, or
42:03
Speaker 2: they just all around all the time?
42:04
Speaker 4: You know what it's it's pretty warm, especially in the
42:08
Speaker 4: northern part of the country where you know, in the tropics.
42:11
Speaker 4: So I don't know, I never get out of shorts
42:15
Speaker 4: when I'm there, unless I go like to Sydney or
42:18
Speaker 4: Melbourne or something. But it's just when you're in the tropics,
42:22
Speaker 4: it's just going to be warm. And I just I
42:24
Speaker 4: think maybe that has to do has something to do
42:26
Speaker 4: with why the snakes tend to be out all the time,
42:29
Speaker 4: and you know, there's just a lot of venomous ones.
42:32
Speaker 2: It makes perfect sense, and it also makes perfect sense
42:34
Speaker 2: as to why your spouse is just a little bit
42:38
Speaker 2: afraid of insects in the bathroom.
42:40
Speaker 4: You know, I've told this story before on one of
42:44
Speaker 4: my trips there where she called me and said, hey,
42:49
Speaker 4: there's a spider in here. Could you come take care
42:52
Speaker 4: of it? And I just thought sure, and I grabbed
42:57
Speaker 4: I had a slide shoe, and I said, all right, yeah,
43:02
Speaker 4: I'll grab that, and then I went in to get
43:03
Speaker 4: it and I just, without even thinking, I just walked
43:07
Speaker 4: straight in. I saw this thing going up the wall
43:09
Speaker 4: that was larger than my hand. And it wasn't like
43:13
Speaker 4: a tarantula. It wasn't like a fuzzy, kind of happy
43:16
Speaker 4: looking spider. It looked like something that had come from
43:20
Speaker 4: another planet. And what I said, I just need to
43:26
Speaker 4: be thankful that she still married me, because what I
43:29
Speaker 4: said when I walked in the room, and I wouldn't
43:33
Speaker 4: say threw my slide at it, I just sort of
43:37
Speaker 4: reacted and the slide flew from my hand at it,
43:40
Speaker 4: and I said, and I quote, so I just need
43:43
Speaker 4: to be thankful that she considered me.
43:49
Speaker 2: You know, this was this is before you were married.
43:51
Speaker 4: This is before Yeah, so this was.
43:53
Speaker 2: Like, this is like a you know, a husband tester,
43:55
Speaker 2: that's what this is.
43:56
Speaker 4: And I passed somehow, I don't know all, I don't
44:01
Speaker 4: know how, but yeah, so yeah, she's not a big
44:04
Speaker 4: fan of critters anywhere indoors and understandably, and you know
44:09
Speaker 4: that includes you know, tree frogs underneath the lid of
44:14
Speaker 4: the toilet and you know where you just open up,
44:16
Speaker 4: there they are, and that's common that happens. You just
44:19
Speaker 4: kind of go, whoa, there's a tree frog in here.
44:21
Speaker 4: And again, there's nothing really you can say when you
44:24
Speaker 4: open the lid of a toilet and you see a
44:26
Speaker 4: tree frog other than so you know, just thankful it
44:30
Speaker 4: wasn't a snake or anything else. That's all. You just
44:33
Speaker 4: kind of appreciate those things.
44:36
Speaker 2: Good stuff, man. I mean, you know, it's an experience
44:40
Speaker 2: I've not had, is to find the tree frog under
44:43
Speaker 2: the seat of the toilet.
44:43
Speaker 4: And they're just looking at you because you open I mean, the.
44:45
Speaker 2: Question is why did you lift it up? If you're Jill,
44:48
Speaker 2: you know, I don't know why.
44:49
Speaker 4: Well, this was me lifting it up when I saw
44:51
Speaker 4: it there. And again, you know, thankfully she wasn't in
44:55
Speaker 4: the room to hear a second time, or else maybe
45:00
Speaker 4: the story gets written differently. Well, speaking of coming to
45:03
Speaker 4: see you at the Coca Cola Space Science Center, you
45:06
Speaker 4: guys are in a summer month, summer mode for a
45:08
Speaker 4: little bit longer, and that means yeah, they might be
45:12
Speaker 4: able to ask you more questions.
45:13
Speaker 2: If there's not, yeah, maybe come down and visit us
45:15
Speaker 2: at Space Science Center. We can talk all about summer
45:18
Speaker 2: solstices and you know, hailbop comments and the fact that
45:22
Speaker 2: I have never found a tree frog under the seat
45:25
Speaker 2: of any of our toilets at the Space Science Center.
45:27
Speaker 2: So these are all topics that we can discuss. You
45:29
Speaker 2: can come in and check out our new show in
45:31
Speaker 2: the Atmosphere Theater which is called Dinosaur, a Survival Story.
45:34
Speaker 2: It's great for the younger members of the audience. And
45:38
Speaker 2: also all of our new stimulator games that we have
45:41
Speaker 2: going on, our flight simulators and our new Mars rovers
45:44
Speaker 2: and our new kiosks, all provided by various general generous
45:48
Speaker 2: donors like AT and T. Pratt and Whitney and others.
45:51
Speaker 2: So thank you for supporting us Columbus community. Thank you
45:55
Speaker 2: for coming down and visiting us at the Space Science Center.
45:58
Speaker 2: And remember spaces where it's at ask SpaceX. Check out
46:02
Speaker 2: the IPO. You want your children working in the space
46:06
Speaker 2: industry because it's going to be lucrative.
46:09
Speaker 4: Sean and I thank you for listening, and we will
46:12
Speaker 4: do this again next week. It's nice. Overhead Door Company
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