Latest / BREAK/FIX the Motorsports & Vehicle Enthusiast Variety Show / 1908: The Year American Motorsport Changed Forever

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1908: The Year American Motorsport Changed Forever · BREAK/FIX the Motorsports & Vehicle Enthusiast Variety Show

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  Brake Fix's History of Motorsports series is brought to you in part
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  by the International Motor Racing Research Center, as well as the
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  Society of Automotive Historians, the Watkins Glen Area Chamber of
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  Commerce, and the Argettsinger family.
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  Things Change, 1908 and American Motorsport by Don Capps.
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  Don Capps has been a member of the SAH Board of Directors since
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  2014 and is now the immediate past president of the society.
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  He is a member of the Historian's Council of the IMRRC and is
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  co chair of the symposium.
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  Don began following motorsports at an early age while attending races with his
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  father at Lakewood Speedway in Atlanta.
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  In addition to motor racing, military and civil aviation, and military
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  history have also been lifelong interests that formed early on.
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  Don holds graduate degrees from University of South Carolina and
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  George Mason University and has taught at both the high school and college
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  levels, the latter being the Citadel.
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  He was a faculty member of the Defense Model and Simulation University and
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  spent over three years in Southwest Asia with the Pentagon Executive Office for
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  Simulation Training and Instrumentation.
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  Don is currently engaged in research surrounding the sport and contests
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  sanctioned by the AAA from its beginning.
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  Including American National Auto Racing Championships until the
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  contest board ceased operations at the end of the 1955 season.
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  I wanted to talk about something I came across as a historian of motorsport.
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  I knew a lot about Formula One, Grand Prix, sports car sort of thing.
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  Having grown up in Europe, having got that interest, Paul Sheldon, who was
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  one of the co founders of the Formula 1 register, was a dear friend of mine.
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  They created the record of Grand Prix and Voiturette racing, and in
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  one of our exchanges, he says, you know, I love sprint car racing.
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  I love American racing and I was stunned because here's
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  the person who is the expert.
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  All that information you see out there on the internet about
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  results from Formula One racing, it was taken from their research.
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  I said, okay, Don, I want you to think seriously about
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  looking into American racing.
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  And I said, okay, so how do I do this?
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  I'm really not that familiar with American racing, per se, and what's available.
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  Vacuums, to historians, are like catnip.
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  When your ignorance and your lack of knowledge about a topic becomes evident,
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  you just find yourself into that void.
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  You start looking.
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  Well, 20 something years later, about 25 years later, here I am.
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  Trying to give you some idea.
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  When I started looking into this, I started focusing on the
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  early years, up to about 1920.
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  Because that was an area that I found a big void.
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  And I started digging and digging and digging.
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  And the more I started digging, the more I found, the more I found, the
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  more I started looking elsewhere.
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  And one of the things that became evident to me over time, it's just
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  like you'll find many cases in history.
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  There is this incredible glut, books, articles about year things change.
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  You know, 1948, 1944, 1816.
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  And it kind of occurred to me as I was doing my research, that there
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  was a year that kept kind of popping up as I looked through all this
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  material that I began collecting.
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  I've been researching and looking into, and the year ended up being 1908, which
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  is not the year I would have anticipated.
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  Once I took that step back as a historian and started looking at
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  the context and the objectivity, uh, where are some dividing points?
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  And I kept coming back, and it came always to 1908.
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  Well, why 1908?
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  Here are just a few of the things that happened in 1908 in American racing.
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  Appearance of road racing, there had been the William K.
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  Vanderbilt Jr.
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  The New York to Paris event took place.
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  The New York State Automotive Association changes its due success.
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  We're going to come to that.
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  Which meant that the Automobile Club of America withdrew from the
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  American Automobile Association.
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  The international organization, which is now the FIA, the AICA, or back in those
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  days, sided with The Honorable Club of America, not the AAA in this dispute.
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  We'll come to that.
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  Then there was agreement.
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  The Vanderbilt Cup was held out on Long Island, and of course it was
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  the Locomobile that won, number 16, George Robertson and all that.
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  They had the first race in Savannah.
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  And I can say right now, I'm one of the probably few people in the world that has
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  flown the old route in an OH 58 Kiowa.
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  Boys and their toys, sort of deals, when I was at Fort Stewart.
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  And is also one of the places that comes back to this coming together.
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  First year the season reviews began to appear.
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  And, there was the Motor Contest Association, which nobody's ever heard
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  of probably, started to contact the AAA.
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  It comes down to three things.
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  The road racing arrives in the United States, the schism between
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  the ACA and the AAA, and the appearance of seasoned reviews.
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  These are the things that kind of coalesced in my
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  thinking when I looked at it.
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  The first one, of course, is obvious, road racing.
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  January 1909,
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  This is the first review of American road racing that's been published.
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  Take my word for it.
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  If you can find an early one, good for you.
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  I have looked everywhere.
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  And it was written by a guy, C.
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  G.
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  Chris Sensabaugh.
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  And if you see on the right side, that is a listing of all the road
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  races in the United States that year.
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  The number the year before?
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  There was no Vanderbilt Cup in 1907.
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  And here you have this incredible list.
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  Kind of amazing.
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  Mount Baldy Race in Los Angeles.
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  There was a race from Jacksonville to Miami.
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  Just a number of things.
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  All the races in Savannah.
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  Suddenly we go from no road racing In 1908, suddenly we have a glut.
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  We've got 21 separate road races out of nowhere.
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  That's a big change.
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  Again, suddenly road racing is a big deal.
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  Motor age and the automobile, the horseless age.
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  Now, they're big deals.
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  They take front page of an issue.
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  So that's a change.
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  Of course, where does that lead us?
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  In American racing, after 1916, 1920, the last Elgin race.
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  Not until 1933 did you have another road race of any consequence.
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  That was at Elgin for stock cars.
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  Then you had the Mines Field race.
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  How many of you have flown into LAX?
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  If you have, that's Mines Field.
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  Right on that location.
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  That was 1934.
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  And of course, in 36 and 37, you have the George Vanderbilt Cup races that happened.
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  1908 is when road racing really becomes an American thing.
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  And amazingly enough, in 1948, we have the race here at Watkins
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  Glen, the Watkins Glen Grand Prix.
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  Which leads us to Riverside, Grand Prix for sports cars,
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  little bit of PR sort of thing.
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  And of course, then the race here.
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  I picked the 1961 race mostly because I was here for that one.
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  The second thing that really got me, because I'm into digging into conflicts.
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  Inside racing.
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  I love that sort of thing because it kills you a lot.
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  The schism between the Audible Club America and the AAA.
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  It was a big story.
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  There's an article from the New York Times, there's a war going
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  on, a publication called Motor talks about ACA versus AAA, then
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  Motorworld, another publication.
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  I was very confused about this whole thing because I didn't know a lot
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  about the Automobile Club of America.
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  Found it was organized in 1899.
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  First Racing rules were published in 1901.
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  Despite being told by numerous people, they didn't exist.
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  I found 'em.
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  They were an original member of the aaa.
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  In fact, they one of the organizing clubs of the seven
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  clubs that organized it in 1902.
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  One of the problems with the A CA.
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  Not long after the AAA was formed, when there was a transition going on about
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  the racing, on Staten Island, there was speed trials, and there was the
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  Baker Torpedo, ran off the race after establishing almost a speed record for
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  one kilometer, went into the crowd, killed several people, injured others.
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  The promoter was the Automobile Club of America.
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  They were on a line for liabilities.
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  They looked at this whole thing and said, We're not going to do road racing.
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  We're not going to do anything on public roads.
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  Which meant that in 1904, when you had the first Vanderbilt Cup, that's
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  why AAA, not the Auto Bill Club of America, was the sanctioning body.
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  Because they had passed resolutions saying, We're not going to do
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  anything that involves public roads.
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  The only thing we'll do is like, maybe reliability trials and so forth.
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  Which is interesting because it was an international event, and in May of 1904,
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  ACA became a member of the International Organization of Recognized Auto Bill
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  Clubs, what is in English, what is now the FIA, established in Germany.
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  They were the official American member, recognized as the
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  official American auto bill club.
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  In 1908, the ACA resigned from the New York State Auto Bill Association.
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  I could never figure out how ACA got into racing in 1908 until this came up.
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  And it had nothing to do with racing.
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  It was a dues change.
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  It had been a cap of 500 per club.
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  And then the New York State Automobile Association said, No,
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  we're going to do it per member.
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  Well, ACA had about 1, 200 members, which meant that their
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  dues more than increased, doubled.
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  So they got angry about that.
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  Had a falling out.
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  They fell out with the AAA.
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  ACA went its own way.
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  The agreement with the American Automobile Association, later on I'll
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  talk about that, was who was going to be the international representative
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  of the United States and who was going to be the national club for
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  racing within the United States.
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  That's what that's all about.
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  The ACA finally came back into the AAA in the 1920s, something I was not aware of.
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  My ignorance was only exceeded by my lack of knowledge of this topic, for the most
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  part, until I started digging into this.
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  The American Automobile Association, still around.
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  Organized in 1902, as I said.
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  The Racing Board was one of the original committees.
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  First racing rules were issued in 1903.
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  I was told they didn't exist, yet I found them.
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  The Vanderbilt Cup.
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  They were the sanctioning club for that.
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  They actually held the first National Motor Car Championship in 1905.
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  And Barney Oldsville was the winner of that championship.
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  But, it kind of vanished into thin air.
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  In 1907, there was no Vanderbilt Cup.
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  The falling out over racing caused the International, AIACR, sided with
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  the Auto Vehicle Club of America.
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  An agreement was made, just like I just told you, Auto Vehicle Club of
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  America would be the international organization for racing, etc.
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  The AAA would do national racing, things within the United States.
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  So they had that.
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  The Motor Contest Association which was made of the manufacturers came
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  to the AAA in early 1909 as a result of this agreement to have the AAA be
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  the sanctioning body officially and be funded, and that happened in 1909.
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  The AAA, and you see the dates, 1916, 1920 to 1941, and again from 1926
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  to 1955, had national championships.
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  The ACA was replaced.
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  At the, uh, A-I-A-C-R by the AAA in 1928, particularly on the SCA, the
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  International Sporting Committee.
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  And then in the end of 1955, the AAA leaves racing.
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  So that is a canned idea.
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  It's something that, a timeframe and some explanation I was, had no idea about.
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  I'd never read it anywhere.
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  And for a recent historian, it was a little bit of embarrassing.
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  One of the reasons I found myself going back to 1908 because it sets
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  up this whole series of Conflicts and you start going back to the roots.
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  American racing organizations aren't fighting, they're not doing anything.
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  You go back to AAA versus IMCA.
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  You go back to AAA versus NASCAR.
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  USAC versus NASCAR.
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  USAC versus SACA.
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  USAC versus CART.
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  CART versus IRL.
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  IRL versus, so you get an idea.
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  And I realized, look back I think, this all seems to roll back to
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  1908 and that conflict with ACA.
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  Again, catnip for historians, this kind of started explaining things.
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  The third thing that got me was season reviews.
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  Prior to the end of the 1908 season, all the publications,
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  whether it's Motor World, Motor Age, Horseless Age, the Automobile,
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  whatever, did not do season reviews.
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  But, within a week of each other, in the late end of December 1908, and
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  in the first week of January 1909, you find these two season reviews
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  being published, independently.
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  That is a remarkable change.
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  What happens is, they become an annual affair, and Motorage the next
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  year, as a result of doing the season reviews, says, oh yeah, we're going
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  to name a champion driver, which just happens to be Bert Dingley.
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  And next year and next year, they named Champion Road Racing Driver.
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  That's something that I did not catch at first.
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  Champion Road Racing Driver.
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  What's kind of interesting is in 1911, it's a person most of
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  you probably never heard of.
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  I hadn't.
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  And that's Harvey Herrick.
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  Champion Road Racing of the United States.
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  California guy.
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  Of course in 1914 is a very obvious one and that's Ralph De Palma.
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  So this is something I go back again to 1908.
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  This continues this idea of racing champions.
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  It gets a little more complicated by 1915, it's gotten really complicated.
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  On the left side of the screen, it's the racing champions 1915.
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  That's in the horseless age.
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  You'll see in those little box, they looked at road racing and they
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  looked at And they came up with a champion, it was Earl Cooper.
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  Then, in Motor Age, did road racing, and speedway racing, and track racing.
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  Had three different sets of championships in one year, three different issues.
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  In Motor, they had not only road racing, again that was Earl Cooper and the
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  Stunts, but they also had track racing.
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  So, you now have all these champions being named by periodicals.
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  In 1916, however, Triple A now has an official national championship.
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  Bang, there it is.
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  And of course, it's Dara Resta in his Peugeot.
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  But, 1917 to 1919, there was no national championship.
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  In 1920, they created it again.
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  But, in 1954, Rush Catlin.
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  Starts publishing a history of national championship racing.
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  And this is in December 1954, and he says, Robinson or Dingley?
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  He looks at one set of facts that have been in the file and says,
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  Yeah, there might be a question.
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  And what happens is, All those champions that were being named
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  by Motor Age, Postless Age, the automobile, well suddenly they
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  become official champions later on.
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  Now that has a lot as a historian, except for some people like Tom and a few
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  others who really had looked into this.
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  I found myself in the wilderness doing this topic because hardly anybody had
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  looked at it as an academic, if you will.
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  I had gone into the archives, various places, gone through all these journals.
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  Your eyes fall out after a while, trying to sort fact from fiction,
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  particularly in the 50s, 60s, 70s, when all this kind of gets altered.
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  People who were never champions are now national champions.
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  Which brings me to IndyCar, my last little word here.
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  The trophy that they give out for the Astro Cup Challenge Cup,
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  they have a base it sits on.
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  On that base, it has all the national champions.
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  The problem is, and this is where the historian in me just goes
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  berserk, is the fact that It's wrong.
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  We get up and jump up and down and go, it's wrong, we can't stand it.
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  Again, historians, you ask what time is, we'll give you a history of how
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  time was formed and how it was created.
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  Talk about handheld calculator, we'll tell you all about calculation
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  and how we got the calculator.
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  This bothers me to no end.
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  I have fought with IndyCar now for several years.
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  You get this corrected and it's like, Thank you.
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  We hear ya.
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  Have a nice life.
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  Don't call us.
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  We're gonna call you again.
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  You can't see it very well, but it starts off with 1909 and George Robinson.
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  What bothers me is the 1920.
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  There were five races.
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  The champion that was crowned that year was the posthumous champion,
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  Gaston Chevrolet, who died in the, in Los Angeles, Thanksgiving Day.
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  He had enough points to be the champion.
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  Not by much, but enough.
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  Later, for some reason, some people with time on their hands went back.
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  And looked at some other races, added them in, and suddenly it's Tommy Milton.
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  And I found out when I started looking at this controversy.
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  There's a wonderful person who's no longer with us, unfortunately.
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  He died almost ten years ago now.
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  John Glenn Prince.
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  Got to know John very, very well.
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  And this bothered him and it bothered me.
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  There was an exchange in IndyCar Racing Magazine with
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  Bob Maruso, as a matter of fact.
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  As a historian, we love live and die by footnotes in our research.
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  Everything I looked at led me to believe Tommy Milton, I have great admiration for.
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  Wonderful driver, one of the best.
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  He deserved his championship in 1921.
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  But it was a gas and Chevrolet.
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  Yeah, IndyCar, most often, they say one thing, but when you look at what they have
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  on their website, for instance, it still leads you to believe it's Tommy Milton.
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  And that was part of how I got back to 1908.
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  See how historians work?
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  I never dreamed that that one year could be so influential.
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  But the rise of the road racing, that schism between the organizations, and
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  again, this whole idea, something as innocuous as those seasoned reviews.
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  All that kind of comes together.
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  It makes my heart really sore when we have people out there who say, yeah,
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  I think I can start tracking on this.
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  Thank you for the patience.
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  And if there's any questions, forget it.
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  I'm not going to answer, no, but quite seriously, thank you.
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  This is a work of love.
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  Not just this presentation, but what you guys are doing.
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  I think what happened in 08 was there were a lot of European
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  cars that came over here.
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  And they had to have a place to run them.
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  I think that was one of them.
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  And you're absolutely right on that Vanderbilt Cup thing.
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  And that's one of the things that the Speedway Museum has
• 19:34
  pointed out to those guys.
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  That Tommy Milton was everybody's fan favorite, but he drove the Duesenbergs
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  and he was a kind of a fair haired boy.
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  But Gaston Chevrolet was the guy that won it.
• 19:45
  We've told them about that.
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  Also, I want to say that the Speedway Museum has all of the AAA records.
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  All of the AAA records, and they're available for anybody
• 19:55
  to come and take a look at.
• 19:56
  But I think what happened in 08 was the fact that you had a
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  lot of European cars that were running around and they came over.
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  Mercedes, especially.
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  What you got was a sanitized version of the 8 hour lecture.
• 20:08
  Because you're absolutely correct.
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  The appearance of European cars, particularly from about 03, 04, up
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  until the beginning of the 20s, that had a lot to do with this creation.
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  Again, I had to pack a lot down, but you hit it spot on.
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  The number of European automobiles on the track, not just on the road courses,
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  but on the tracks themselves, meant that at some point, particularly in
• 20:35
  06 07, that there was going to be some transition point where this all came up.
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  I would have mentioned it, but I will now, had not been for those files that
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  I got access to, thank you, IMRCA, that I got access because of the
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  connections we meet here to those files.
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  I had the microfilm copies that were made by Gordon White, courtesy
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  of the museum, those things.
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  That was a revelation.
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  You're absolutely correct.
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  That changed everything for me.
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  That really added.
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  Substance and context, all those little things that weren't making sense.
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  I think that was why it was all catnip.
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  None of this was making sense.
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  But as you correctly pointed out, there was this, there was this.
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  All these things came together.
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  And like I said, 1908 just happened to be the year That I saw this sort
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  of synergy begin to shift things.
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  Because if you look from 1907 back, then you look at 08 forward, there really
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  is a definite change in American rates.
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  It has to take a long view, but that really is a change.
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  Now, give credit where credit's due.
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  It had not been for the International Motor Racing Research Center, a lot
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  of what I have just talked to you about would not have been possible.
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  Resources here, contacts made through here, open doors, made things happen.
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  So that's one of the reasons this is important to have this type of exchange.
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  This is why we exist.
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  This is what it's all about.
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  This is my little donation to this ocean of knowledge.
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  My little drops in there.
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  This is why we form this.
• 22:16
  Mike Arkensinger and I.
• 22:18
  Talked about this for ages.
• 22:20
  Then, unfortunately, Mike passed away.
• 22:22
  Dr.
• 22:22
  Pat Young, Professor Emeritus of Literature at the University of Houston,
• 22:26
  along with, uh, myself and a great crew, put together this initial one.
• 22:32
  We only had three people.
• 22:34
  And this is the sort of thing I wanted to get talked about.
• 22:37
  I get emotional about it when it's talked about.
• 22:40
  This is one of the places created by Gene Oregon Singer so that people
• 22:44
  like me and other people here to come together, do research, share
• 22:50
  our findings, and make things happen.
• 22:53
  So, anyway, thank you very much for your patience.
• 23:01
  I'll go back to my microphone.
• 23:03
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