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Possession - How to Own Items · At the Learning of Irish

• 0:08
  SPEAKER_00: Jih Akara Esmisha Julian Talme Arash Risht Julian back again with another episode.
• 0:18
  SPEAKER_00: Today's topic is gonna be about possession, not the um spiritual kind, but the ownership kind, and we're only gonna be talking about two ways of possession.
• 0:31
  SPEAKER_00: There are more than that, which you will learn later.
• 0:34
  SPEAKER_00: I will caution, I think this episode is a bit much more than other episodes, so take your time, practice, definitely look up the videos that I've linked, or look up your own videos to further elucidate the topic.
• 0:47
  SPEAKER_00: But that being said, let's go.
• 0:50
  SPEAKER_00: So as I just said, we're gonna be talking about possession, and that is the ownership of things.
• 0:58
  SPEAKER_00: So like my cat, your house, her book, things like that.
• 1:05
  SPEAKER_00: There are multiple ways to show ownership of an item in Irish, and you'll come across possession in regards to the genitive case as well, but all that you're gonna learn later on.
• 1:17
  SPEAKER_00: So for now, we are just gonna look at two ways to indicate possession of an item.
• 1:24
  SPEAKER_00: The first way, and one which we're very used to as English speakers, is showing possession by using a pronoun like my, your, her.
• 1:35
  SPEAKER_00: We have that in Irish too, with the personal possessive pronouns, and those are my, your, singular, his, hers, its, our, their.
• 1:49
  SPEAKER_00: And y'all's maybe, if you're living in the south, I do advocate for a return to y'all because there are times when you do need to address plural use, and that just slides off the tongue.
• 2:01
  SPEAKER_00: But those are personal possessive pronouns in English and in Irish, they are mo, do, a, ar, vr, and a.
• 2:15
  SPEAKER_00: And don't worry, we're gonna go through those one by one as well.
• 2:20
  SPEAKER_00: So remember initial mutation, and initial mutation is what it says on the box.
• 2:26
  SPEAKER_00: It mutates the initial letter or sound of the word.
• 2:31
  SPEAKER_00: Remember we learned about shaivu, and we are gonna use shavu also with possession.
• 2:38
  SPEAKER_00: When you use the singular personal pronouns except for her, so mo, my, do, your, and a his, you're going to shaivu the noun that comes after that pronoun.
• 2:55
  SPEAKER_00: Remember that shavu only applies to some consonants, and that is B, C, D, F, G, M, P, S, and T.
• 3:10
  SPEAKER_00: Now as I've mentioned, hers is also a, just like his is a, but his gets a shavu and hers does not.
• 3:21
  SPEAKER_00: So here are some examples Mo Wadra, my dog from Madra, the word for dog.
• 3:30
  SPEAKER_00: Do Wad your boat from Bod, the word for boat.
• 3:35
  SPEAKER_00: Awala, his bag.
• 3:39
  SPEAKER_00: But if it's her bag, it would be a mala because there is no Shaivu after hers.
• 3:47
  SPEAKER_00: And just note, if you want to, you could say mo vodra, mo vod, and a vala if you are following that dialect.
• 3:58
  SPEAKER_00: So really quick, just to recap, if we want to show possession for mine, yours, or his, we are going to use the personal possessive pronoun mo for my, do for your, and a for his.
• 4:15
  SPEAKER_00: And then the noun following that pronoun, we are going to add a shavu if we can, because not all consonants can take a shaivu.
• 4:26
  SPEAKER_00: Now if we're talking about her, her dog, or her boat, or her bag, we are just going to use ah with no shavu.
• 4:35
  SPEAKER_00: So ah madra, ah bald, ah mala, no shavu.
• 4:42
  SPEAKER_00: Now we're going to introduce the other type of initial mutation, and that is called the uru, which means eclipse, because it adds a letter to the front of the word, and the letter that it adds totally eclipses the sound of the letter that was there.
• 5:02
  SPEAKER_00: It does that for ease of speaking.
• 5:05
  SPEAKER_00: Uru causes the beginning of the word and its sound to change to make the flow of the language easier.
• 5:12
  SPEAKER_00: I've heard it called nasalization because it makes the noises more nasal sounding.
• 5:19
  SPEAKER_00: Also, as I said in Irish when we're spelling these words, we add the Uru, but we leave the old letter there.
• 5:28
  SPEAKER_00: And I think that is the cause for some of the confusion that English speakers have about Irish spelling, because you may see a word that says G C and you're like, how would I even say gkaat, gkat?
• 5:43
  SPEAKER_00: Well you don't.
• 5:44
  SPEAKER_00: It eclipses, so you would say gat instead of kat.
• 5:50
  SPEAKER_00: Now like the Shaivu, only certain letters can take an eclipse an Uru.
• 5:56
  SPEAKER_00: And unlike the Shaivu, where you just add the H, the Uru is different for every letter that it eclipses.
• 6:04
  SPEAKER_00: The following letters can be eclipsed B, C, D, T, G, P, F, and vowels will receive an N dash.
• 6:20
  SPEAKER_00: And here is how they are eclipsed.
• 6:23
  SPEAKER_00: An M will be placed before the B.
• 6:27
  SPEAKER_00: A G will be placed before the C an N before the D, a D before a T N before a G, a B will be placed before a P.
• 6:41
  SPEAKER_00: You will add a BH before an F.
• 6:44
  SPEAKER_00: So that one you add two letters, BH before an F.
• 6:48
  SPEAKER_00: And as I've said before a vowel, you will get an N and a Dash.
• 6:54
  SPEAKER_00: And the significance of that in this episode is that for plural possession, so for our, y'all's, and theirs, you do not use a shavu on the following noun, you use an Uru.
• 7:10
  SPEAKER_00: And those plural possessive pronouns are as follows AR for our, ver or were for y'alls, and a for their.
• 7:24
  SPEAKER_00: And so we see here that a, which is just the letter A, is used for three possessive pronouns, so it's really important to know what should follow so we can indicate who is possessing it.
• 7:36
  SPEAKER_00: Remember, a can be his and we'll add a shavu, a can be hers, and we add a nothing, and ah can be theirs, and that requires an Uru.
• 7:46
  SPEAKER_00: I've had teachers say, and it's totally true, that one should just know the Urus, one should learn them, one should memorize them.
• 7:55
  SPEAKER_00: But there is a really neat trick to remembering them that I got from Irish with Molly, credit to her, and that is the following My brother got caught not doing dishes tonight.
• 8:09
  SPEAKER_00: Nobody gets blueberry pie before he finishes.
• 8:14
  SPEAKER_00: So M before B, G before C, N before D, D before T, N before G, B before P, B H before F, and then N dash for vowels.
• 8:31
  SPEAKER_00: And here's some examples of how that would sound.
• 8:35
  SPEAKER_00: Hopefully you're looking through your notes as I think it's very helpful to see how this looks while we're going through it.
• 8:42
  SPEAKER_00: So R mus R Bus from Bus and it gets the M R mus A Gat their cat from cat or cut Ver Noris Yal's door from Duris Arjach our house from Chak house a nardin their garden from Gardin Verboshti Yal's kids from Poshti Kids Awarga their sea or you could say a varriga and a naher their patient aher is patient.
• 9:29
  SPEAKER_00: Alright, so to quickly recap, one way to show possession in Irish is to use personal possessive pronouns.
• 9:37
  SPEAKER_00: When we're using the singular pronouns, the noun following will take a shavu unless it is hers.
• 9:44
  SPEAKER_00: Those pronouns are mo, my do, yours, a his, all three get a shavu, and a hers.
• 9:54
  SPEAKER_00: Now when we are talking about plural people, so ours, theirs, yours, we have to use an Uru and those pronouns are, our, were or ver, yals, and a there.
• 10:12
  SPEAKER_00: And the Uru goes as following M before B, G before C, N before D, D before T, N before G, B before P, B and H before F, and N dash before vowels.
• 10:32
  SPEAKER_00: Alright, now the second type of possession is going to be something that is quite foreign to you if you are an English speaker, and quite honestly, even if you speak another language, because it is quite unique.
• 10:47
  SPEAKER_00: The essence of it is that to show possession of an item, you are going to say the item is at the person.
• 10:56
  SPEAKER_00: Now how that looks in Irish is this.
• 10:59
  SPEAKER_00: We're going to use the form of be tall, and then we're going to say the item, and then we are going to use the word for at, which is ag, but that word is going to be most often combined with a personal pronoun.
• 11:16
  SPEAKER_00: When we combine a preposition with a pronoun in Irish, that is called a prepositional pronoun.
• 11:24
  SPEAKER_00: That form of pronoun and preposition together is quite common within Irish, and so it will take some getting used to, but you will see it quite a bit in the Irish language.
• 11:37
  SPEAKER_00: What that means is that the personal pronoun like me, you, he, she, is combined with a preposition.
• 11:47
  SPEAKER_00: So for example, the preposition we're using to show at, to show that the item is at a person, is ag.
• 11:54
  SPEAKER_00: And it combines differently with each personal pronoun.
• 11:59
  SPEAKER_00: How it combines is thus Agam for at me.
• 12:03
  SPEAKER_00: And you can kind of see ag me, agam, makes sense.
• 12:07
  SPEAKER_00: Agat at you, ege at him, a ki at her, agwin at us, agwiv at y'all, and aku at them.
• 12:21
  SPEAKER_00: In these basic sentences, the verb ta is going to start the sentence, the item that is being possessed is going to follow it ta, and the combination of preposition and pronoun the prepositional pronoun is going to finish off the sentence.
• 12:38
  SPEAKER_00: So for example, ta lower agum.
• 12:42
  SPEAKER_00: There is a book at me, but it means I have a book.
• 12:46
  SPEAKER_00: Now if you have the book, we're gonna say taw yar agat.
• 12:52
  SPEAKER_00: There is a book at you.
• 12:54
  SPEAKER_00: You own the book.
• 12:56
  SPEAKER_00: And something to keep in mind, I've mentioned that nouns in Irish have grammatical gender.
• 13:03
  SPEAKER_00: This is not to do with biological gender, so please put that out of your mind, don't be confused about that.
• 13:10
  SPEAKER_00: But what that means for us in this lesson is that if, say, a dog has something, the word for dog is masculine, and so you are going to use the form that corresponds with he, so the dog would be ega at him or at it masculine.
• 13:28
  SPEAKER_00: Likewise if the item is feminine, then you would use at her.
• 13:34
  SPEAKER_00: So here are some simple example sentences Ta Ishka Agum I have water, or there is water at me.
• 13:45
  SPEAKER_00: Ta brogat you have a shoe.
• 13:48
  SPEAKER_00: There is a shoe at you.
• 13:51
  SPEAKER_00: Ta Malja Ega he has a dog, there's a dog at him.
• 13:57
  SPEAKER_00: Ta Kupan Aki She has a cup, there is a cup at her.
• 14:03
  SPEAKER_00: Ta Kerik Aglin we have a hen.
• 14:06
  SPEAKER_00: There is a hen at us.
• 14:09
  SPEAKER_00: Ta plundi aguiv Yal have plants.
• 14:13
  SPEAKER_00: There are plants at y'all.
• 14:15
  SPEAKER_00: And Ta Yar Aku.
• 14:18
  SPEAKER_00: They have a book or there is a book at them.
• 14:23
  SPEAKER_00: Agisheneharja That's it friends.
• 14:28
  SPEAKER_00: That is all we are going to cover today.
• 14:30
  SPEAKER_00: Please watch the videos that are linked in the show notes.
• 14:35
  SPEAKER_00: And more is kanal, as usual.
• 14:39
  SPEAKER_00: Be a klachta klachta klachta.
• 14:42
  SPEAKER_00: Be a practisin, practising, practising.
• 14:45
  SPEAKER_00: And we'll see you next time.
• 14:47
  SPEAKER_00: Slon gafal.