Latest / Beyond The Horizon / Murder In Moscow: The Experts Behind The case Against Bryan Kohberger (Part 3) (8/21/26)

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Murder In Moscow: The Experts Behind The case Against Bryan Kohberger (Part 3) (8/21/26) · Beyond The Horizon

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: What's up everyone, and welcome back to the program. In
• 0:03
  Speaker 1: this episode, we're diving right back in discussing the experts
• 0:07
  Speaker 1: behind the case against Brian Colberger. Amended supplemental expert disclosure
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  Speaker 1: Tara Martinez. The State has previously disclosed Tara Martinez Forensic
• 0:18
  Speaker 1: Scientists three as an expert witness in the field of
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  Speaker 1: forensic science, which includes, but no way is limited to
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  Speaker 1: latent prints and bugle swab collection and scene processing. The
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  Speaker 1: State hereby incorporates its previous response and attachments filed on
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  Speaker 1: December eighteenth, twenty twenty four, and is hereby supplementing its
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: response as follows. Martinez can be expected to testify regarding
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  Speaker 1: her involvement in this case, specifically when obtaining a bugle
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  Speaker 1: swab from Brian Colberger in January of twenty twenty three.
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  Speaker 1: Martinez also collected hair samples and finger prints from Brian Colberger.
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  Speaker 1: Further description of this can be found in Hailey Jungling's
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  Speaker 1: report twenty one bates pages six four one four through
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  Speaker 1: six four to two two. Martinez will explain the process
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  Speaker 1: of collecting bugle swabs and the purpose of collection. Bucle
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  Speaker 1: cells are found on the inside of a person's cheek.
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  Speaker 1: A sterile cotton swab or a para swabs is used
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  Speaker 1: to collect these cells as a reference DNA sample from
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  Speaker 1: a known individual. Buckle swab samples can be compared to
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  Speaker 1: unknown DNA samples from a crime scene or from an
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  Speaker 1: item of evidence. Martinez may discuss what latent prints are
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  Speaker 1: and why they're important in a forensic setting or investigation.
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  Speaker 1: Latent prints or impressions or a friction ridge skin patterns
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  Speaker 1: that can be left on a surface when contact is made.
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  Speaker 1: The term latent refers to prints that are not visible
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  Speaker 1: prior to utilizing a development method. Latent prints are often
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  Speaker 1: made up of various matrices, including sweat and oils, that
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  Speaker 1: are a colorless and require development with chemicals or powders
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  Speaker 1: to be seen. Prints at a crime scene may also
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  Speaker 1: be made from other materials that may coat the skin,
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  Speaker 1: like blood or dirt. Although latent means hidden, any prints
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  Speaker 1: recovered from a crime scene or from items of evidence
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  Speaker 1: are often referred to as latent prints. Latent prints processing
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  Speaker 1: methods are different at a crime scene versus in a laboratory.
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  Speaker 1: The method for latent print processing at a crime scene
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  Speaker 1: are generally limited to glue fuming, power processing, and blood reagents.
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  Speaker 1: Preservation methods include photography and lifting. Exemplars are intentional recordings
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  Speaker 1: of the friction ridge skin of an individual. These may
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  Speaker 1: be collected with pink ink powdered adhesive, electronic imaging, and
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  Speaker 1: loor capture methods. These known exemplars can be used for
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  Speaker 1: comparison against latent print evidence. Exemplars may include any in
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  Speaker 1: all areas of friction ridge skin from the hands or
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  Speaker 1: feet of an individual. Types of exemplars include fingerprints, palm prints,
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  Speaker 1: major case prints, tips, joint sides of fingers, and footprints.
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  Speaker 1: Martinez will explain what it means for comparison results to
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  Speaker 1: return as inconclusive due to the quality or quantity, or
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  Speaker 1: what it means for comparison results to be excluded. Latent
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  Speaker 1: print comparison refers to the process of analyzing latent prints
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  Speaker 1: and comparing them to known exemplars in an attempt to
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  Speaker 1: determine their source. Examiners utilize the ace V methodology, which
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  Speaker 1: is a specialized version of hypothesis testing. ACEV stands for analysis, comparison, evaluation,
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  Speaker 1: and verification. Analysis is the assessment and documentation of friction
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  Speaker 1: ridge impressions to determine suitability for comparison. This assessment includes
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  Speaker 1: consideration of the quality and quantity of detail, orientation, anatomical source, finger, palm,
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  Speaker 1: et cetera, type of matrix, deposition factors, complexity, substrate considerations,
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  Speaker 1: environmental factors, development mediums, and preservation methods. Latent prints may
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  Speaker 1: be of value for comparison, or it may be deemed
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  Speaker 1: to contain insufficient detail for comparison purposes. Impressions deemed of
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  Speaker 1: value are impressions that, in the opinion of the examiner,
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  Speaker 1: contain sufficient quantity, quality, and specificity of ridge detail to
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  Speaker 1: warrant a comparison. Examiners also take into consideration how discriminating
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  Speaker 1: the location and arrangement of features within an impression are.
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  Speaker 1: When quantity is low, quality must be relatively high, whereas
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  Speaker 1: when quality is low, quantity must be relatively high. It's
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  Speaker 1: not uncommon for latent print examiners to have conflicting opinions
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  Speaker 1: with regard to sufficiency. Latent prints are also evaluated for
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  Speaker 1: their suitability for database entry afis, ABIs, andbis, et cetera.
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  Speaker 1: Comparison is a side by side, back and forth examination
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  Speaker 1: of friction ridge detail between the latent print and known
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  Speaker 1: print to determine whether the detail is in agreement or
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  Speaker 1: disagreement based upon features, sequences, and spatial relationships within the
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  Speaker 1: tolerance of clarity and distortion. Generally, latent prints are first
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  Speaker 1: compared against various known prints belonging to subjects associated with
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  Speaker 1: the evidence, victims, witnesses, and or suspects if known. In
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  Speaker 1: the event that the latent prints are not identified or
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  Speaker 1: there are no known prints available with which to compare,
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  Speaker 1: the prints may be entered into a computer database n
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  Speaker 1: BIS and compared to a large group of persons who
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  Speaker 1: have prints on file. Evaluation is the formulation of a
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  Speaker 1: conclusion based upon analysis and comparison of friction ridge impressions.
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  Speaker 1: Conclusions that may be reached are source identification, source exclusion,
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  Speaker 1: or inconclusive. Source identification is the examiner's opinion that two
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  Speaker 1: impressions originated from the same source. The observed features are
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  Speaker 1: sufficient correspondence such that the examiner would not expect to
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  Speaker 1: see this level of agreement in impressions that came from
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  Speaker 1: different sources, Nor did the examiner find features in disagreement
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  Speaker 1: that would lead them to conclude that the impressions are
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  Speaker 1: from different sources. There is no scientific basis for a
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  Speaker 1: predetermined number of corresponding friction ridge details to be present
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  Speaker 1: into impressions in order to affect a source identification. Source
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  Speaker 1: exclusion is an examiner's conclusion that to impressions did not
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  Speaker 1: originate from the same source. The observed features are in
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  Speaker 1: disagreement such that the examiner would not expect them to
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  Speaker 1: have originated from the same source. Inconclusive is an examiner's
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  Speaker 1: inability to reach a conclusion of source identification or exclusion.
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  Speaker 1: Inconclusive may be due to lack of quantity or quality
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  Speaker 1: of detail in the latent or known Impressionation is the
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  Speaker 1: independent examination by another qualified analyst using the ACE methodology
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  Speaker 1: to either support or refute the conclusions of the original examiner.
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  Speaker 1: ISPF requires verification of all conclusions rendered in a case
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  Speaker 1: value determinations, identifications, exclusions, and inconclusives. Routine verification is considered open.
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  Speaker 1: This means the verifier conducts independent analysis but has the
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  Speaker 1: access to the original analyst notes and images. Blind verification
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  Speaker 1: in which the verifier has no knowledge of or access
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  Speaker 1: to the original analyst. Conclusion may be performed in cases
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  Speaker 1: of single identifications generated from a database, as it means
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  Speaker 1: a conflict resolution or as an additional quality measure for
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  Speaker 1: complex impressions. Martinez may describe the Multi Modal Biometric Identification
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  Speaker 1: System NBIS. NBIS is the general term referring to any
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  Speaker 1: system that contains a database of ten print, latent prints,
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  Speaker 1: and pom prints. MBIs also includes software that is utilized
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  Speaker 1: to search available databases. IDAHO is a member of the
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  Speaker 1: Western Identification Network and is able to search the databases
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  Speaker 1: of WHEN Central Site members and the FBI. MBIs allows
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  Speaker 1: for searching latent prints against known fingerprint and pomp print
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  Speaker 1: database records. This system can be used to search latent
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  Speaker 1: prints against other latent prints. Martinez made several fingerprint comparisons
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  Speaker 1: in this case. The details of Martinez's involvement in the
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  Speaker 1: case can be found in multiple reports, including Report five
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  Speaker 1: Bates pages eight fifty one through eight eighty nine, Report
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  Speaker 1: ten Bates pages eight ninety nine through nine thirty. Report
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  Speaker 1: nineteen Bates pages nine ninety through nine ninety five. Report
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  Speaker 1: twenty three Bates pages five, nine, nine six through five
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  Speaker 1: nine one nine. Report twenty four Bates pages five nine
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  Speaker 1: two oh through five nine two seven. Report twenty seven
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  Speaker 1: Bates pages one three, five seven, eight through one three
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  Speaker 1: six one four Report thirty AV zero zero zero three
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  Speaker 1: zero eight and Report thirty two AV zero zero zero
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  Speaker 1: three zero eight. In addition, Report thirty eight Bates pages
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  Speaker 1: fifteen nine forty through fifteen nine forty seven, forty BAITS
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  Speaker 1: pages fifteen nine fifty two through fifteen nine sixty one,
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  Speaker 1: and forty one Bates pages fifteen nine twenty three through
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  Speaker 1: fifteen nine thirty five have comparison results. Martinez was present
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  Speaker 1: at eleven twenty two King Road in Moscow, Idaho, in
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  Speaker 1: November twenty two for the purpose of photographing the crime scene,
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  Speaker 1: the collection of evidence, and scene processing. This can be
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  Speaker 1: found in Martinez Report eleven Bates, pages fourteen nine twenty
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  Speaker 1: one one through fourteen nine fifty nine. Additionally, Martinez was
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  Speaker 1: present at sixteen thirty Northeast Valley Road G two oh
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  Speaker 1: one in Pullman in December twenty twenty two for the
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  Speaker 1: purpose of photographing the apartment and collecting potential evidence. Following this,
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  Speaker 1: Martinez accompanied other forensic scientists and investigators to fourteen seventy
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  Speaker 1: five Northeast Glen Terrell Mole Wilson Short Hall, Room twelve
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  Speaker 1: in Pullman, where Martinez took photographs the explanation of these
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  Speaker 1: visits outlined in Martinez Report twenty five Bates, pages nine
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  Speaker 1: three two three through nine three five four. All right, folks,
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  Speaker 1: we're gonna wrap up right there, and in the next
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  Speaker 1: episode we're gonna pick up with Jade Miller. All the
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  Speaker 1: information that goes with this episode can be found in
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  Speaker 1: the description box.