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The Timbuktu Scholar Who Took on the Moroccan Invasion
In 1591, the Saadian army of Morocco crushed the Songhai Empire at Tondibi and occupied Timbuktu. But one scholar refused to submit. Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti, the greatest intellectual of his age, was arrested and exiled to Marrakech, where he spent two years under house arrest. From captivity, he wrote a devastating critique of the Saadian conquest, arguing that it was illegal under Islamic law because the Songhai were Muslims. He also produced a biography of the Maliki jurists of Timbuktu, preserving their legacy. After his release, he returned to a shattered city, rebuilt its scholarly…
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