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Americans All Immigrants All - U S Department of the Interior Office of Education · Plunkitt of Tammany Hall

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  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
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  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is by Mark Smith
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  Speaker 1: of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans All Immigrants All by the
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  Speaker 1: United States Department of the Interior Office of Education. Section
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  Speaker 1: one The programs and their purpose. The Americans All Immigrants
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  Speaker 1: All Programs are designed to promote a more appreciative understanding
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  Speaker 1: of our growing American culture through the dramatization of the
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  Speaker 1: contributions made by the many groups which are a part
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  Speaker 1: of it. What brought people to this country from the
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  Speaker 1: four corners of the earth, What gifts did they bear?
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  Speaker 1: What were their problems? What problems remain unsolved? This series
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  Speaker 1: dramatically presents the story of a Mariamericans All Immigrants All.
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  Speaker 1: Number one opening frontiers, New trails are blazed, Frontiers are
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  Speaker 1: pushed westward, and foundations of our great democracy are laid
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  Speaker 1: by newcomers from across the seas. Number two are English heritage.
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  Speaker 1: Rich experiences in self government and basic liberties are introduced
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  Speaker 1: by the English in colonizing the Northern Atletic Seaboard. Number
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  Speaker 1: three are Hispanic heritage. The Spaniards build missions and bring
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  Speaker 1: Andalusian cattle and horses into the Southwest. Number four. Scots,
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  Speaker 1: scotch Irish and Welsh sturdy. Scotch Irish and Scots vanguard
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  Speaker 1: of march to the west, settle along frontiers. The Welsh
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  Speaker 1: lovers of song, discover coal and develop our minds. Number five.
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  Speaker 1: Winning freedom through cooperation and willingness to sacrifice both wealth
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  Speaker 1: and life. Colonists win independence and preserve priceless principles and ideals.
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  Speaker 1: Number six the Negro from early colonial days. The Negro,
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  Speaker 1: who composes one tenth of our population, plays a large
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  Speaker 1: part in our economic and artistic life. Number seven The
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  Speaker 1: French and Netherlanders. French fur traders and missionaries pioneer the
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  Speaker 1: Mississippi Valley. Netherlanders settled on Manhattan Island. French Canadians work
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  Speaker 1: in lumber camps and mills of New England. Diming cutters
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  Speaker 1: come from Belgium and French speaking Swiss build up our
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  Speaker 1: cheese industry. Number eight Upsurge of democracy. Frontiersmen and newcomers
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  Speaker 1: unite to bring about decline of aristocracy. Eastern wage journers
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  Speaker 1: march in the ranks of the new democracy. Number nine.
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  Speaker 1: The Irish sons of Old Ireland developed canals, railroads and factories,
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  Speaker 1: enter the ranks of public service, and bring song, humor
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  Speaker 1: and literature of a high order. Number ten. The Germans.
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  Speaker 1: The Germans, Protestant, Catholic, and jew push frontiers westward, fashion
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  Speaker 1: the Kentucky rifle, build Switzer barn and Conestoga wagons, and
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  Speaker 1: develop agriculture, forestry, music, art, education and science. Number eleven.
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  Speaker 1: The Scandinavians, Swedes, Norwegians, and Finns settle North Central States,
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  Speaker 1: introducing log cabins, cooperatives, progressive dairy methods, social consciousness, gymnastics,
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  Speaker 1: and folk high schools. Number twelve. Closing frontiers when there
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  Speaker 1: is no more good free land to settle. Immigrants crowd
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  Speaker 1: into our cities to supply demand for unskilled laborer thirteen.
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  Speaker 1: The Jews, participating in American life since early colonial days.
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  Speaker 1: The Jews make significant contributions to science, industry, music, literature, theater, law, medicine,
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  Speaker 1: and philanthropy. Fourteen and fifteen. The Slavs. The Slavs Northern
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  Speaker 1: and southern succeed in making abandoned farms productive and work
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  Speaker 1: in our minds. Steel mills automobile factories, packing houses, and
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  Speaker 1: forests number sixteen. The Orientals, Chinese and Japanese bring artistic
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  Speaker 1: sensitivity of Far East. Chinese answer call of railroad, ranch
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  Speaker 1: and factory. Japanese reclaim California swamps and develop farms. Number seventeen.
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  Speaker 1: The Italians, early explorers and artisans come from Italy, help
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  Speaker 1: to build grape and wine industry, work in our marble, quarries,
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  Speaker 1: raised vegetables, and help to build railroads, bridges, and highways
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  Speaker 1: number eighteen. Near Eastern people Armenians, Greeks and Syrians bring philosophy, poetry,
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  Speaker 1: medical skill, manual skills, and unique artistic sense number nineteen.
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  Speaker 1: Other peoples Hungarians, Romanians, Portuguese, Bulgarians, Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians
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  Speaker 1: bring ideas, labour, fine traditions and esthetic values number twenty.
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  Speaker 1: Contributions in industry, each wave of immigration contributes brain and
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  Speaker 1: brawn to American life. Group cooperation makes the United States
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  Speaker 1: leader of world industry number twenty one. Contributions and science,
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  Speaker 1: Our country is in the forefront of scientific progress due
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  Speaker 1: to brilliance and inventive genius of individuals of diverse racial
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  Speaker 1: and national origins number twenty two Arts and Crafts. Cultural
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  Speaker 1: value of artistic gifts by immigrant groups since the early
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  Speaker 1: colonial days is a priceless gift enriching the United States
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  Speaker 1: of today and tomorrow. Number twenty three. Social Progress. Champions
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  Speaker 1: of human freedom drawn from many groups, preserve and develop
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  Speaker 1: ideals for which the founding fathers fought and died. Number
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  Speaker 1: twenty four. A New England Town. The new England town
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  Speaker 1: founded by early settlers, changes and develops as new groups
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  Speaker 1: participate and function in its life. Number twenty five. And
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  Speaker 1: Industrial City, a panorama of a rapidly changing industrial city
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  Speaker 1: peopled by groups drawn from many nations who learn the
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  Speaker 1: American way of democratic life. Number twenty six. Finale in
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  Speaker 1: a thrilling climax, outstanding people of various cultural backgrounds from
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  Speaker 1: different parts of our country summarized the story of Americans,
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  Speaker 1: All Immigrants All. End of section. This is a LibriVox recording.
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  Speaker 1: All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
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  Speaker 1: information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This
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  Speaker 1: recording is by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. AMERICANSOL
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  Speaker 1: Immigrants All by the United States Department of the Interior,
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  Speaker 1: Office of Education, Section two. What brought us to the
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  Speaker 1: United States. Have you ever played with a magnet and
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  Speaker 1: a bunch of iron filings? Wasn't it amazing to see
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  Speaker 1: the bits of iron leap across space to reach and
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  Speaker 1: cling to the magnet. This story is about a magnet
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  Speaker 1: much larger and more powerful than you have ever imagined.
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  Speaker 1: One three thousand miles long and fifteen hundred miles wide.
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  Speaker 1: A different kind of magnet two, one that attracted not
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  Speaker 1: iron filings, but human beings, real live people. A magnet
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  Speaker 1: that attracted every type and variety of human being alive,
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  Speaker 1: white people, black people, yellow people, Catholics, Protestants, Huguenots, Quakers, Baptists, Methodists, Unitarians, Jews, Spaniards, Danes, Chinese, Japanese, Dutch, Bohemians, Italians, Austrians, Slavs, Poles, Romanians, Russians.
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  Speaker 1: And I've only just begun. Farmers, miners, adventurers, soldiers, sailors,
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  Speaker 1: rich men, poor men, beggarman, thieves, shoemakers, tailors, actors, musicians, ministers, engineers, writers, singers,
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  Speaker 1: ditch diggers, manufacturers, butchers, bakers, and candlestick makers. That magnet
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  Speaker 1: was America from We the People by Leo Hubermann. Ever
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  Speaker 1: since the dawn of history, man has been on the move,
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  Speaker 1: restlessly seeking new environments in an effort to satisfy his
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  Speaker 1: physical and other needs. In the main, his wanderings have
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  Speaker 1: been local in character, highlighted by occasional mass migrations, which
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  Speaker 1: have had a marked effect upon the history of the world.
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  Speaker 1: Among such mass migrations may be cited the migration of
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  Speaker 1: the Israelites from Palestine to Egypt, of the Germanic tribes
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  Speaker 1: into the Roman Empire, of the Saxons and Danes to England,
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  Speaker 1: of the Moors from the north of Africa to Spain,
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  Speaker 1: and of the Mongols and the Tartars from the Orient
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  Speaker 1: to Central Asia. Great as these migrations were, and important
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  Speaker 1: as their effect was on the course of history, they
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  Speaker 1: did not compare with the stream of humanity that began
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  Speaker 1: to flow to this country early in the seventeenth century,
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  Speaker 1: a stream that assumed flood proportions toward the close of
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  Speaker 1: the nineteenth century. Not only did the movement of peoples
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  Speaker 1: to our shores differ in magnitude from other migrations, it
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  Speaker 1: also differed in character. Whereas earlier mass migrations had consisted
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  Speaker 1: of the movements of tribes and distinct racial groups. The
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  Speaker 1: migration to the New World consisted of men of all
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  Speaker 1: racist nations and creeds. A pageant of all the nations
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  Speaker 1: great historic freedoms. What motives impelled these people to uproot
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  Speaker 1: themselves from their homelands and to transport themselves to a
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  Speaker 1: country where it was necessary to adjust themselves to a
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  Speaker 1: new environment and culture pattern. Many came for the love adventure,
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  Speaker 1: answering the challenge of the unknown. Were mercenary soldiers seeking
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  Speaker 1: new exploits. Others came because they were friendless, down and
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  Speaker 1: outers and ne'er do wells seeking a chance to begin
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  Speaker 1: life anew. There were still others, like the negroes, who,
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  Speaker 1: although the majority did not come of their own free will,
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  Speaker 1: nevertheless contributed toil and labor to the making of America.
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  Speaker 1: Commercial enterprise and the hope of economic gain have, of
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  Speaker 1: course been important factors in the peopling of our country,
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  Speaker 1: So also has the search for freedom. In fact, the
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  Speaker 1: cherished moral ideals and objectives of the immigrants laid the
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  Speaker 1: foundations of our democratic ideals. These great historic freedoms include
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  Speaker 1: one religious liberty freedom of conscience. Number two personal and
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  Speaker 1: political liberty, freedom from political tyranny and oppression. Number three.
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  Speaker 1: Economic liberty freedom to use brain, brawn and initiative to
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  Speaker 1: earn the best living possible. Number four. Intellectual liberty, freedom
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  Speaker 1: of opinion, speech, assembly, and press. Number five Cultural liberty
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  Speaker 1: freedom to establish institutions and to practice certain traditions and customs.
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  Speaker 1: The search for human freedom can be advanced with historical
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  Speaker 1: warrant as the basic reason for the presence in this
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  Speaker 1: country of about one hundred thirty million people. Without question,
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  Speaker 1: this is the common denominator of our democracy. Religious liberty.
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  Speaker 1: The vanguard of those seeking refuge from religious persecution, arrived
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  Speaker 1: on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. John Winthrop
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  Speaker 1: founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a refuge for Puritans.
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  Speaker 1: Maryland later on became the haven for persecuted Catholics. Rhode
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  Speaker 1: Island was founded by Roger Williams and his group of
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  Speaker 1: independent religious freethinkers. Here the Quakers found a ready welcome,
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  Speaker 1: and the Jews driven out of Europe were allowed to
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  Speaker 1: build their synagogues. Toward the end of the seventeenth century,
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  Speaker 1: William Penn and his Quaker followers settled in Pennsylvania and
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  Speaker 1: cultivated the most friendly relationships with Indians, colonists, and new
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  Speaker 1: settlers alike. To Manhattan Island and South Carolina came their
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  Speaker 1: French Huguenots, a group of French Protestants whose guarantee of
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  Speaker 1: religious liberty had been revoked by the Edict of Naught
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  Speaker 1: during the nineteenth century. One of the early acts of
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  Speaker 1: the Mormons after settling in Utah was to contribute money
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  Speaker 1: toward building a Catholic church personal and political liberty. To
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  Speaker 1: escape political tyranny and oppression, thousands of people left their
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  Speaker 1: homes and crossed the Atlantic following their unsuccessful rebellion against
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  Speaker 1: the English. The Irish came in large numbers, so did
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  Speaker 1: the Germans when the Revolution of eighteen forty eight failed. Likewise,
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  Speaker 1: the Jews left Russia toward the close of the nineteenth
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  Speaker 1: century in order to escape intolerable conditions. Among the great
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  Speaker 1: champions of personal liberty has been Thomas Paine, who turned
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  Speaker 1: the tide of victory during the Revolutionary War when he declared,
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  Speaker 1: this is the cause for which we are ready to
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  Speaker 1: suffer and to die freedom for ourselves and the rest
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  Speaker 1: of the world. Another outstanding champion of personal liberty was
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  Speaker 1: Karl Schertz, one of the German forty eight ers, who
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  Speaker 1: supported men of principles and worthy causes, regardless of political affiliations.
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  Speaker 1: Economic liberty, coupled with other motives, the newcomer has almost
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  Speaker 1: always been imbued with the hope of making a livelihood
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  Speaker 1: or of making profits for himself or for his employers.
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  Speaker 1: The first permanent settlement was established at Jamestown by the
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  Speaker 1: London Company to profit from gold mining and trade. New
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  Speaker 1: Hampshire was founded by Georgia and Mason for the purpose
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  Speaker 1: of profit from trade and farming. The Carolinas were founded
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  Speaker 1: by a group of nobles for the same purpose. It
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  Speaker 1: was a similar motive which led the Swedes to settle
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  Speaker 1: on the Delaware, the Netherlanders to settle on Manhattan, English
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  Speaker 1: to conquer New Amsterdam, and Berkeley and Carteret to settle
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  Speaker 1: New Jersey. It was the hope of game which brought
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  Speaker 1: the French to Louisiana and the Spaniards to Florida, New
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  Speaker 1: Mexico and California. Likewise, at the close of the nineteenth century,
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  Speaker 1: it was the high wages and high standards of living
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  Speaker 1: which attracted the tide of people who poured in from
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  Speaker 1: South and Eastern Europe. Intellectual liberty. The fight of man
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  Speaker 1: to establish freedom of opinion, freedom of speech, and freedom
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  Speaker 1: of assembly is as old as man himself. For the
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  Speaker 1: last two hundred years, his fight for the freedom of
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  Speaker 1: the press has been equally important. Peter Zenger, who founded
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  Speaker 1: the New York Weekly Journal in seventeen thirty three, registered
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  Speaker 1: a great triumph for the freedom of the press when
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  Speaker 1: he won his fight against Governor Cosby of New York.
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  Speaker 1: Men of strong principles and ideas have always clashed with
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  Speaker 1: those who would mold them to a definite pattern and
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  Speaker 1: so enslave their minds. In this country, the thoughts and
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  Speaker 1: ideas of all men may be expressed freely and analyzed
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  Speaker 1: by everybody. Cultural liberty the United States has been greatly
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  Speaker 1: enriched as the result of cultural liberty. Here, the immigrant
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  Speaker 1: has often found the opportunity to practice and pass on
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  Speaker 1: to others those customs and traditions which have been handed
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  Speaker 1: down to him by his ancestors. The Christmas, Tree, Easter, Bunny,
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  Speaker 1: and New Year festivities are German in origin. Many of
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  Speaker 1: the festivals in California and the Rodeo are Spanish in origin.
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  Speaker 1: Singing societies, folk dancing, games, cookery, and home life have
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  Speaker 1: been enriched by customs introduced from other lands. Immigration has
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  Speaker 1: indeed proved to be a wind that blows democratic ideas
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  Speaker 1: through the world and of section Section three of American
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  Speaker 1: Zoul Immigrants AUL. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
• 17:45
  Speaker 1: to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is
• 17:51
  Speaker 1: by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. American Zoul IMMIGRANTSAUL
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  Speaker 1: the Nited States Department of the Interior Office of Education,
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  Speaker 1: Section three. When we came to the United States fifteen
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  Speaker 1: thirty six, Spaniards begin to settle in California and in
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  Speaker 1: the Southwest. Fifteen sixty five, Spaniards established Saint Augustine, oldest
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  Speaker 1: city in the United States. Sixteen o seven. English established Jamestown,
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  Speaker 1: the oldest English settlement in North America. Sixteen nineteen. Nigroes
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  Speaker 1: are first brought in as slaves. Sixteen twenty. English pilgrims
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  Speaker 1: land at Plymouth Rock. Sixteen twenty four. Walloons from Netherlands
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  Speaker 1: settled Fort Orange now Albany, New York. Sixteen twenty six.
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  Speaker 1: Netherlanders established New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. Sixteen twenty eight.
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  Speaker 1: Persecuted Protestant since established the Massachusetts Bay Colony sixteen thirty four.
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  Speaker 1: Lord Baldimore and a group of English Catholics arrive in
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  Speaker 1: Maryland sixteen thirty six. Roger Williams and his followers establish
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  Speaker 1: Rhode Island sixteen thirty six. As well. Connecticut is founded
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  Speaker 1: by Thomas Hooker and his religious group sixteen thirty eight.
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  Speaker 1: Swedes and Finns settle along the Delaware River sixteen thirty nine.
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  Speaker 1: John Mason and his followers come to New Hampshire sixteen
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  Speaker 1: fifty four. Twenty three Portuguese Jews land at New Amsterdam
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  Speaker 1: from Brazil sixteen sixty two. Huguenots settle in Massachusetts on
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  Speaker 1: the present side of Oxford sixteen sixty three. English nobles,
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  Speaker 1: with grant from Charles the Second, establish North Carolina sixteen
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  Speaker 1: sixty four. English capture New Amsterdam and rename it New
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  Speaker 1: York sixteen sixty four. As well, Berkeley, Carteret and others
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  Speaker 1: established New Jersey sixteen seventy. English make first permanent settlement
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  Speaker 1: in South Carolina. Also sixteen seventy, French fur traders and
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  Speaker 1: missionaries come to the Mississippi Valley sixteen seventy nine. French
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  Speaker 1: Huguenots settle in South Carolina sixteen eighty one. The Quakers,
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  Speaker 1: led by William Penn settle Pennsylvania sixteen eighty two. The
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  Speaker 1: first Germans come to Pennsylvania sixteen ninety. About two hundred
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  Speaker 1: scotch Irish settled in Maryland sixteen ninety three. English helped
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  Speaker 1: to settle six hundred German Swiss in North Carolina sixteen
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  Speaker 1: ninety nine. The Acadians come to Louisiana and reach as
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  Speaker 1: far as Biloxi in present day Mississippi seventeen hundred. The
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  Speaker 1: scotch Irish settle along the frontiers seventeen ten. First German
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  Speaker 1: Protestants arrive in New York seventeen nineteen. Acadians established New Orleans,
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  Speaker 1: Louisiana seventeen twenty. Between seventeen twenty and seventeen fifty, sixty
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  Speaker 1: thousand Germans come to Pennsylvania seventeen thirty two. Oglethorpe founds
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  Speaker 1: Georgia seventeen thirty three. German Lutherans, Italian Protestants from Piedmont, Scots, Swiss, Portuguese, Jews,
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  Speaker 1: and English arrive in Georgia seventeen thirty seven. Irish laborers
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  Speaker 1: come to South Carolina. Seventeen forty nine. About six hundred
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  Speaker 1: Scots settle near Fayetteville, North Carolina, seventeen fifty Over forty
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  Speaker 1: three hundred Germans and one thousand English and Irish arrive
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  Speaker 1: in Pennsylvania seventeen ninety. Between seventeen ninety and eighteen twenty,
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  Speaker 1: about two hundred thirty four thousand newcomers arrive. Eighteen o seven.
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  Speaker 1: Slave trade is forbidden eighteen seventeen. Twenty thousand people come
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  Speaker 1: from Europe. Eighteen nineteen First United States Passenger Act, marking
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  Speaker 1: beginning of systematic immigration statistics. Eighteen forty two. Annual immigration
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  Speaker 1: first reaches one hundred thousand eighteen forty seven. Annual immigration
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  Speaker 1: passes two hundred thousand eighteen forty five. Large German influx
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  Speaker 1: begins as a result of political unrest eighteen forty seven.
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  Speaker 1: Irish begin to come in large numbers because of famine
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  Speaker 1: and political oppression. Eighteen fifty one. Annual immigration passes three
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  Speaker 1: hundred thousand. Eighteen fifty three. About thirteen thousand Chinese laborers
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  Speaker 1: arrived to work in the California gold mines eighteen fifty five.
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  Speaker 1: Castle Garden, New York established as principal immigrant station. Eighteen sixty,
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  Speaker 1: Slavs and Southern Europeans begin to arrive. Eighteen seventy, more
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  Speaker 1: than fifteen thousand Chinese arrived to work on the railroads.
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  Speaker 1: Eighteen eighty. Because of militarism and overpopulation in Germany, Germans
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  Speaker 1: again begin to arrive in large numbers also eighteen eighty.
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  Speaker 1: Between eighteen eighty and nineteen hundred, large numbers of Scandinavians
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  Speaker 1: arrive because introduction of machinery takes place of men on
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  Speaker 1: Scandinavian farms eighteen eighty one. For next fifteen years, an
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  Speaker 1: average of nearly five hundred thousand arrive each year. Eighteen
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  Speaker 1: eighty two. Idiots, lunatics, and persons likely to become public
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  Speaker 1: charges are excluded eighteen ninety For next thirty years, Italians, Austrians, Hungarians,
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  Speaker 1: and Slavs pour into United States to supply demand for
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  Speaker 1: unskilled labor. Eighteen ninety Ellis Island replaces Castle Garden as
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  Speaker 1: chief immigrant station. Eighteen ninety one, more than one thousand
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  Speaker 1: Japanese arrive. Also eighteen ninety one, office of Superintendent of
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  Speaker 1: Immigration is established in the Treasury Department. Nineteen hundred, more
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  Speaker 1: than twelve thousand Japanese arrive also nineteen hundred. Between nineteen
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  Speaker 1: hundred and nineteen fourteen, more than three million Italians and
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  Speaker 1: about six million people from Slavic countries enter. Nineteen o five,
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  Speaker 1: annual immigration first exceeds one million. Nineteen o seven, immigration
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  Speaker 1: reaches all time peak of one million, two hundred eighty
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  Speaker 1: five thousand, three hundred forty nine also nineteen o seven.
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  Speaker 1: Immigration Commission is set up. Nineteen seventeen. During World War
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  Speaker 1: and afterwards, thousands of Mexicans crossed the border. Nineteen nineteen.
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  Speaker 1: Flow of immigrants from Europe again gets under way. Nineteen
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  Speaker 1: twenty one temporary quota law restricting immigration, nineteen twenty four,
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  Speaker 1: permanent quota law restricting immigration to one hundred fifty thousand annually.
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  Speaker 1: Nineteen thirty eight, annual immigration drops to about seventy thousand.
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  Speaker 1: End of section Americans All Immigrants All Section four. This
• 26:32
  Speaker 1: is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the
• 26:36
  Speaker 1: public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit
• 26:40
  Speaker 1: LibriVox dot org. This recording is by Mark Smith of Simpsonville,
• 26:45
  Speaker 1: South Carolina. AMERICANSOL Immigrants hal by the US Department of
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: the Interior Office of Education, Section four. The development of
• 26:59
  Speaker 1: our immig gretion policy. Those who have come to our shores,
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  Speaker 1: representing many kindreds and tongues, have been welded by common
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  Speaker 1: opportunity into a united patriotism by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Long
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  Speaker 1: before the Revolutionary War, the colonies enacted a restrictive immigration laws.
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  Speaker 1: Many of these laws were based on religious prejudices, which,
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  Speaker 1: although somewhat softened in intensity, still existed when the new
• 27:33
  Speaker 1: nation was born. Fear and consequent hatred of foreigners and
• 27:37
  Speaker 1: foreign influence were widely prevalent in the early years of
• 27:41
  Speaker 1: the Republic. John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Patrick, Henry, John Jay,
• 27:48
  Speaker 1: and other prominent statesmen opposed the introduction of aliens into
• 27:52
  Speaker 1: the political or economic life of the country. Thomas Jefferson
• 27:57
  Speaker 1: believed that natural expansion of the exists distinct population would
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: be sufficient to meet the country's needs. Even George Washington
• 28:06
  Speaker 1: in seventeen ninety four said, my opinion with respect to
• 28:10
  Speaker 1: emigration is that, except of useful mechanics and some particular
• 28:15
  Speaker 1: descriptions of men or professions, there is no need of encouragement.
• 28:21
  Speaker 1: The prevailing spirit found expression in stringent naturalization laws, which however,
• 28:27
  Speaker 1: were soon modified the open door. While the federal government
• 28:34
  Speaker 1: was not unmindful of its inherent right to determine who
• 28:38
  Speaker 1: might or might not come or remain within its borders,
• 28:42
  Speaker 1: yet for one hundred years after the Revolutionary War ended,
• 28:46
  Speaker 1: the country's doors were open to all who chose to enter,
• 28:50
  Speaker 1: regardless of race, of physical, mental, or economic condition, of
• 28:55
  Speaker 1: religious or political affiliation, or even of moral character. An
• 29:01
  Speaker 1: era of comparative tranquility prevailed toward immigration until the eighteen forties,
• 29:07
  Speaker 1: when a great flood of immigrants focused hostility against the
• 29:10
  Speaker 1: Germans and Irish, a feeling which continued until the outbreak
• 29:15
  Speaker 1: of the Civil War. A strong movement developed in Congress
• 29:19
  Speaker 1: in favor of regulating or even limiting immigration, but nothing
• 29:24
  Speaker 1: came of it. In a message to Congress in eighteen
• 29:27
  Speaker 1: forty one, President Tyler gave expression to a sentiment that
• 29:31
  Speaker 1: grew stronger with the passing of the years. He said,
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: we hold out to the people of other countries on
• 29:38
  Speaker 1: invitation to come and settle among us as members of
• 29:42
  Speaker 1: our rapidly growing family. And for the blessings we offer them,
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: we require of them to look upon our country as
• 29:49
  Speaker 1: their country, and unite with us in the great task
• 29:53
  Speaker 1: of preserving our institutions and thereby perpetuating our liberties. The
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: open door policy continued, for Congress was reluctant to abandon
• 30:04
  Speaker 1: the time honored belief that the United States had been
• 30:08
  Speaker 1: dedicated at the beginning as a refuge for the oppressed
• 30:11
  Speaker 1: people of all nations. Such legislation as was enacted during
• 30:16
  Speaker 1: this period, including three laws for the improvement of conditions
• 30:20
  Speaker 1: on immigrant carrying ships, indicated the sympathetic attitude of Congress
• 30:26
  Speaker 1: toward the incoming multitudes. Congress again favored the foreign born
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: by providing that aliens who had declared an intention to
• 30:35
  Speaker 1: become citizens might enjoy the benefits of the Homestead Act
• 30:39
  Speaker 1: of eighteen sixty two. This privilege was later on destined
• 30:43
  Speaker 1: to accelerate the settlement of public lands in the West.
• 30:48
  Speaker 1: Because man power in industry and agriculture had been depleted
• 30:52
  Speaker 1: during the War between the States, a federal law to
• 30:55
  Speaker 1: stimulate immigration was enacted in eighteen sixty four, but it
• 30:59
  Speaker 1: was soon repealed when peace was restored federal control. In
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: the absence of federal action, several seaboard states attempted immigration control,
• 31:13
  Speaker 1: but after many years of effort, the Supreme Court held
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: that Congress alone had such power. Congress assumed this power
• 31:22
  Speaker 1: in eighteen eighty two when it reluctantly passed the first
• 31:25
  Speaker 1: general immigration law, which provided only that idiots, lunatics, persons
• 31:31
  Speaker 1: likely to become a public charge, and criminals other than
• 31:35
  Speaker 1: political offenders should be denied admission. This law marked the
• 31:40
  Speaker 1: beginning of a policy of quality selection which dominated all
• 31:44
  Speaker 1: subsequent legislation. In eighteen eighty two, because of Western opposition,
• 31:51
  Speaker 1: Chinese laborers were excluded, a policy subsequently extended to include
• 31:57
  Speaker 1: practically all Orientals. Teen eighty four, a law forbidding the
• 32:02
  Speaker 1: importation of foreign labor under contract was passed, but necessary
• 32:07
  Speaker 1: skilled laborers and members of learned professions were exempted. Thus
• 32:13
  Speaker 1: was Washington's opinion unwittingly honored. While Congress was developing a
• 32:19
  Speaker 1: more stringent selective policy, immigration increased by leaps and bounds,
• 32:24
  Speaker 1: with a shift in the incoming tide from northern and
• 32:26
  Speaker 1: western to southern and Eastern Europeans unable to function economically, socially,
• 32:33
  Speaker 1: or politically in their homelands, A steady stream of immigrants
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: was spreading over the United States in answer to the
• 32:41
  Speaker 1: demand for unskilled labor for more than thirty years. The
• 32:45
  Speaker 1: words of Emma Lazarus, carved on the pedestal of the
• 32:48
  Speaker 1: Statue of Liberty, had vital meaning, give me your tired,
• 32:53
  Speaker 1: you're poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the
• 32:58
  Speaker 1: wretched refuse of your team mean sure, send these the homeless,
• 33:03
  Speaker 1: the tempest tossed to me. I lift my lap beside
• 33:07
  Speaker 1: the golden door, checking the tide. The endless stream of
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: newcomers whose economic and political backgrounds differed from those of
• 33:19
  Speaker 1: the earlier immigrants, led to a search for some method
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: of checking the new emigration. With this end in view,
• 33:27
  Speaker 1: the application of a literacy test was advocated. Presidents Cleveland
• 33:32
  Speaker 1: and Taft had vetoed acts which contained this provision, and
• 33:36
  Speaker 1: President Wilson twice repudiated it. However, it became part of
• 33:40
  Speaker 1: the General Law of nineteen seventeen over presidential objection. In
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: a reference to the immigrants, President Wilson said, some of
• 33:50
  Speaker 1: the best stuff in America has come out of foreign lands,
• 33:53
  Speaker 1: and some of the best stuff in America is in
• 33:56
  Speaker 1: the men who are naturalized citizens of the United States.
• 34:00
  Speaker 1: In the meantime, during the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt.
• 34:05
  Speaker 1: A Gentleman's Agreement had been made with Japan in nineteen
• 34:09
  Speaker 1: o seven, whereby Japan undertook to check the immigration of
• 34:13
  Speaker 1: Japanese laborers to the United States. Immigration from Europe was
• 34:18
  Speaker 1: largely suspended during the World War, but it rapidly increased
• 34:23
  Speaker 1: thereafter until it was checked by the Temporary Quota Limit
• 34:26
  Speaker 1: Law of nineteen twenty one and definitely limited by the
• 34:31
  Speaker 1: Permanent Quota Limit Law of nineteen twenty four. By this law,
• 34:36
  Speaker 1: immigration was restricted to one hundred fifty thousand annually, with
• 34:40
  Speaker 1: quotas allotted to the various nations based on the census
• 34:44
  Speaker 1: of eighteen ninety. In nineteen twenty nine, the quota based
• 34:48
  Speaker 1: on the census of nineteen twenty went into effect, bringing
• 34:52
  Speaker 1: the total immigration quota to about one hundred fifty three
• 34:55
  Speaker 1: thousand annually. The theory that America should be a refuge
• 35:05
  Speaker 1: for the oppressed of all nations has been quite generally
• 35:08
  Speaker 1: honored in shaping our immigration policy. However, the United States
• 35:13
  Speaker 1: is no longer a refuge for the oppressed people of
• 35:16
  Speaker 1: all the world in the same way as it was
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: in the past. Our present policy is that immigrations shall
• 35:23
  Speaker 1: be limited to a fixed number, that such immigrants shall
• 35:27
  Speaker 1: be of good character and well disposed toward American institutions. For,
• 35:33
  Speaker 1: in the words of former President Coolidge, whether one traces
• 35:37
  Speaker 1: his Americanism back three centuries to the Mayflower or three
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: years to the Steerage, is not half so important as
• 35:44
  Speaker 1: whether his Americanism today is real and genuine. No matter
• 35:49
  Speaker 1: on what various crafts we came here, we are all
• 35:52
  Speaker 1: now in the same boat sidebar ourselves and our neighbors.
• 36:02
  Speaker 1: A recent dinner in Chicago with Catholic friends whose parents
• 36:06
  Speaker 1: came from Italy, a conference with a group of twenty
• 36:09
  Speaker 1: five cultured Negro men and women at Chicago University, and
• 36:14
  Speaker 1: a visit in Des Moines, Iowa with a close personal
• 36:17
  Speaker 1: friend of mine, a rabbi, or a few personal experiences
• 36:21
  Speaker 1: which show in a very real way how a relatively
• 36:25
  Speaker 1: free society enables us to enrich our lives through fellowship
• 36:29
  Speaker 1: with men of different races and religions. In this nation
• 36:33
  Speaker 1: to which more than thirty eight million immigrants have come
• 36:37
  Speaker 1: during the last one hundred twenty years, the struggle of
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: people of all races and of many creeds has been
• 36:44
  Speaker 1: and is consciously toward the goal of human understanding intolerance.
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: This is an effort to elevate human welfare, irrespective of race, color,
• 36:55
  Speaker 1: or creed, and to rise to new heights of civilization
• 36:59
  Speaker 1: with the help of all contributions to our culture. A
• 37:02
  Speaker 1: distinguishing characteristic of a true American is that he measures
• 37:06
  Speaker 1: men of all races and creeds by their achievement, their
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: honesty of purpose, and their humility. Signed. J. W. Studebaker,
• 37:17
  Speaker 1: Commissioner of Education. End of section Americans, All Immigrants All
• 37:32
  Speaker 1: Section five. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings
• 37:38
  Speaker 1: are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer,
• 37:42
  Speaker 1: please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is by Mark
• 37:47
  Speaker 1: Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans All Immigrants All by
• 37:55
  Speaker 1: the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education.
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: In five, The Immigrant and our Economic Progress. The greatest
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: wealth of any nation is its people, attributed to Alan H. Eaton.
• 38:14
  Speaker 1: To paint an adequate picture of the part which the
• 38:17
  Speaker 1: immigrant has played in the economic progress of the United States,
• 38:21
  Speaker 1: it would be necessary, as Rudyard Kipling says, to splash
• 38:25
  Speaker 1: at a ten league canvas with brushes of comets hair.
• 38:30
  Speaker 1: The industrial and agricultural greatness of the United States has
• 38:33
  Speaker 1: been made possible by the brawn and brain of the
• 38:36
  Speaker 1: immigrants and their children. Cotton, the important part played by
• 38:42
  Speaker 1: the Nigro and the agricultural life of the South, is
• 38:46
  Speaker 1: nowhere more vividly portrayed than by the story of King Cotton.
• 38:50
  Speaker 1: Cotton production, which amounted to eighty five million pounds in
• 38:54
  Speaker 1: eighteen ten, doubled every ten years for the following three decades.
• 39:00
  Speaker 1: By eighteen forty, two thirds of the world's cotton supply
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: was produced in the South, and by eighteen fifty, cotton
• 39:09
  Speaker 1: valued at ninety eight million dollars was raised in nineteen
• 39:13
  Speaker 1: thirty seven. In nineteen thirty eight, the United States produced
• 39:17
  Speaker 1: four times as much cotton as the rest of the
• 39:20
  Speaker 1: world USA eighteen million, nine hundred forty six thousand bales, Brazil,
• 39:28
  Speaker 1: as an example, two million, one hundred seven thousand, eight
• 39:32
  Speaker 1: hundred thirty nine bales. Much of the credit for this
• 39:37
  Speaker 1: amazing achievement goes to the Nigro, whose labor has been
• 39:40
  Speaker 1: the foundation of our cotton kingdom. Tobacco, the story of
• 39:47
  Speaker 1: tobacco is too largely the achievement of Nigro labor. In
• 39:52
  Speaker 1: sixteen eighteen, the Virginia planters exported twenty pounds of tobacco,
• 39:58
  Speaker 1: which increased to one million, five five hundred thousand pounds
• 40:01
  Speaker 1: in sixteen thirty nine and reached a total of fifty
• 40:05
  Speaker 1: three million pounds in seventeen seventy three. In nineteen thirty seven,
• 40:10
  Speaker 1: the United States raised more than one fourth of the
• 40:13
  Speaker 1: world's tobacco supply. As an example, USA one billion, five
• 40:20
  Speaker 1: hundred fifty three million pounds, China one billion, four hundred
• 40:26
  Speaker 1: million pounds, India one billion, two hundred million pounds. In
• 40:33
  Speaker 1: addition to his labor in the cotton and tobacco fields,
• 40:36
  Speaker 1: the Negro has also helped to make profitable the production
• 40:40
  Speaker 1: of rice and sugar. Railroads. The railroad played a great
• 40:46
  Speaker 1: part in the settling of the West. With the completion
• 40:50
  Speaker 1: of the Erie Canal, the Irish transferred their energy and
• 40:53
  Speaker 1: labor to building tracks for the Transcontinental Railroad. The Chinese
• 40:58
  Speaker 1: also labored on the West End. Today, Irish, Chinese, Italian,
• 41:04
  Speaker 1: and Mexican laborers helped to maintain the railroads. In nineteen
• 41:08
  Speaker 1: thirty seven, almost one half the world's miles of railways
• 41:12
  Speaker 1: were in our country. As an example, USA two hundred
• 41:18
  Speaker 1: thirty eight thousand, five hundred thirty nine miles, Russia fifty
• 41:23
  Speaker 1: two thousand, four hundred twenty five miles, India forty three thousand,
• 41:28
  Speaker 1: one hundred twenty eight miles. Automobiles. Natural resources and inventive
• 41:37
  Speaker 1: genius have enabled us to produce each year three times
• 41:41
  Speaker 1: as many automobiles as the rest of the world put together.
• 41:45
  Speaker 1: The work of the Poles, Slavs, Mexicans, and other groups
• 41:49
  Speaker 1: has been an important factor in this phenomenal growth. USA
• 41:55
  Speaker 1: four million, eight hundred and eight thousand, nine hundred seventy four,
• 42:00
  Speaker 1: Britain four hundred ninety thousand, three hundred sixty six, Germany
• 42:06
  Speaker 1: three hundred thirty one thousand, eight hundred ninety four steel.
• 42:15
  Speaker 1: Early colonial iron mills were operated by the Germans, whose
• 42:19
  Speaker 1: muskets made in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, were used by the Continental troops.
• 42:24
  Speaker 1: In later years, the Poles and Slavs have labored in
• 42:27
  Speaker 1: the great steel mills of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and New York.
• 42:33
  Speaker 1: It is the endurance and physical heritage of these sturdy
• 42:36
  Speaker 1: people that have made it possible for us to lead
• 42:38
  Speaker 1: the world in the production of steel. USA fifty million,
• 42:44
  Speaker 1: five hundred sixty nine thousand tons, Germany nineteen million, five
• 42:50
  Speaker 1: hundred thirty six thousand tons, Britain twelve million, nine hundred
• 42:55
  Speaker 1: sixty four thousand tons coal. The Wels with the Scotch Irish,
• 43:03
  Speaker 1: were the first to develop our coal mines in Pennsylvania
• 43:06
  Speaker 1: and West Virginia. These, together with the English, Irish, Germans,
• 43:11
  Speaker 1: Poles and Slavs, have made us the chief coal producer
• 43:15
  Speaker 1: of the world. USA four hundred eighty eight million, six
• 43:21
  Speaker 1: hundred ninety two thousand tons, Britain two hundred twenty four
• 43:26
  Speaker 1: million tons, Germany one hundred forty six million, six hundred
• 43:32
  Speaker 1: ninety six thousand tons. Farming. Our debt to the German
• 43:39
  Speaker 1: farmer is great, for he made the wilderness blossom in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin, Iowa,
• 43:46
  Speaker 1: and Missouri. To Minnesota and surrounding states came the Swedes,
• 43:51
  Speaker 1: Norwegians and Finns with their advanced cooperative methods, and the
• 43:55
  Speaker 1: Danes with their dairy methods. Sturdy Czechs farmed a bread
• 44:00
  Speaker 1: Gasca and Iowa. The Swiss and Wisconsin helped us to
• 44:04
  Speaker 1: become the greatest cheesemakers in the world. The Russians brought
• 44:08
  Speaker 1: us important seed varieties of wheat rye oats, buckwheat, sunflowers,
• 44:14
  Speaker 1: and millet fins. And French Canadians in the Lumbrick camps
• 44:18
  Speaker 1: of Maine and Washington have made it possible for us
• 44:21
  Speaker 1: to produce more than twenty four million board feet of
• 44:24
  Speaker 1: lumber in one year. Portuguese are prominent in the New
• 44:28
  Speaker 1: England fisheries, as are the fins on the Pacific coast.
• 44:32
  Speaker 1: The Greeks have developed a flourishing sponge industry in Florida.
• 44:37
  Speaker 1: Italians are engaged in the marble quarries of Vermont and
• 44:41
  Speaker 1: on truck farms of New Jersey and California. End of
• 44:46
  Speaker 1: section Section six of Americans All Immigrants All. This is
• 44:59
  Speaker 1: a LI recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
• 45:04
  Speaker 1: For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
• 45:09
  Speaker 1: This recording is by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina.
• 45:14
  Speaker 1: Americans All Immigrants All by the United States Department of
• 45:19
  Speaker 1: the Interior, Office of Education, Section six pulling together the
• 45:25
  Speaker 1: American Way. America is made up of the cultural strains
• 45:30
  Speaker 1: of many countries. The mere knowledge of this matchless wealth
• 45:34
  Speaker 1: is an inspiration to anyone who knows it allan h eaton.
• 45:40
  Speaker 1: Nature is blessed this country with great natural wealth, but
• 45:44
  Speaker 1: immigration has brought us even greater riches in the form
• 45:47
  Speaker 1: of human resources. Andrew Carnegie, himself, an immigrant, was well
• 45:52
  Speaker 1: aware of this when he said, take away my factories,
• 45:56
  Speaker 1: my railroads, my ships, take away my money. Strip me
• 45:59
  Speaker 1: of all these things, but leave me my men, and
• 46:03
  Speaker 1: in two or three years I will have everything back again,
• 46:08
  Speaker 1: priceless gifts transforming her immigrants as they have come, the
• 46:14
  Speaker 1: United States has in turn been enriched and transformed by them.
• 46:19
  Speaker 1: The immigrant has played an important part in our cultural
• 46:22
  Speaker 1: as well as in our economic life. One immigrant, Franklin
• 46:26
  Speaker 1: k Lane, who became Secretary of the Interior, wrote feelingly
• 46:31
  Speaker 1: of the contributions which the immigrant has made to American life.
• 46:36
  Speaker 1: Their music dirge and dance and wassael song, proud march
• 46:41
  Speaker 1: and religious chant, and their instruments for the making of music.
• 46:45
  Speaker 1: Their poetry, winged tales of man's many passions, folk songs
• 46:51
  Speaker 1: and psalm, ballads of heroes and tunes of the sea,
• 46:55
  Speaker 1: glilting scraps caught from the sky and field, or mighty
• 46:59
  Speaker 1: dramas that tell of primal struggles of the profoundest meaning,
• 47:03
  Speaker 1: their art, fancies of the mind, woven in wood or wool, silk,
• 47:09
  Speaker 1: stone or metal, rugs and baskets, gates of fine design
• 47:14
  Speaker 1: and modeled gardens, houses and walls, pillars, roofs, windows, statues,
• 47:19
  Speaker 1: and painting, their art in handcraft, homelike familiar things, a
• 47:25
  Speaker 1: favorite tree or fruit and a customed flower, a style
• 47:29
  Speaker 1: in cookery or in costume, hands with which to work,
• 47:34
  Speaker 1: mines that could conceive, hearts filled with home, stouthearts to drive,
• 47:39
  Speaker 1: live mines, live minds, to direct, willing hands. Irish song
• 47:46
  Speaker 1: in wit, German thrift and industry, Scottish virility and genius,
• 47:52
  Speaker 1: English love of law and order, Scandinavian honesty and love
• 47:56
  Speaker 1: of home, Negro fervor in song and story, Mexican enjoyment
• 48:01
  Speaker 1: of life, Indian customs and traditions, Slavic dance and folk song,
• 48:07
  Speaker 1: neatness and thoroughness of the Netherlanders, Italian love for art
• 48:12
  Speaker 1: and music, and philosophic tendencies of the Oriental for the
• 48:16
  Speaker 1: beautiful are but a few of the strands that may
• 48:19
  Speaker 1: be found woven into our national pattern the art of
• 48:24
  Speaker 1: living together. Barriers that once existed between racial and national
• 48:31
  Speaker 1: groups in this country are fast disappearing. Cooperative effort and
• 48:35
  Speaker 1: healthy respect are taking their place. We are learning to
• 48:39
  Speaker 1: understand other peoples, to understand ourselves. The newcomers brought with
• 48:45
  Speaker 1: them an ardent desire to improve their conditions. They quickly
• 48:48
  Speaker 1: availed themselves of the opportunity which the public school offered them.
• 48:53
  Speaker 1: The school took the child of the exiled of Hungary,
• 48:57
  Speaker 1: of the half starved emigrant from the Emerald Isle, and
• 49:00
  Speaker 1: of the hardy Norwegian, and placed them on the same
• 49:03
  Speaker 1: bench with the offspring of those whose ancestors bones bleached
• 49:07
  Speaker 1: upon the fields of Lexington. The library, the church, the
• 49:12
  Speaker 1: motion picture, and radio are also powerful educational agencies in
• 49:17
  Speaker 1: molding the pattern of the new American milestones of progress.
• 49:24
  Speaker 1: The immigrant has always been a firm devotee of the
• 49:27
  Speaker 1: ideals of democracy, for in most cases he has suffered religious, political, military,
• 49:34
  Speaker 1: or other oppression. Even in the United States, democracy did
• 49:38
  Speaker 1: not begin full tilt. But just as the frontier has
• 49:43
  Speaker 1: been conquered, so too the areas of human rights and
• 49:46
  Speaker 1: freedoms have been extended. The abolition of slavery, universal suffrage,
• 49:52
  Speaker 1: the grant of full rights of citizenship to women, labor legislation,
• 49:57
  Speaker 1: and property rights have all been helstones in the onward
• 50:01
  Speaker 1: march of democracy. The immigrant has not been unmindful of
• 50:06
  Speaker 1: the blessings conferred upon him in this country. He has
• 50:09
  Speaker 1: adjusted himself quickly to his new environment. In every crisis,
• 50:14
  Speaker 1: he has faithfully stood by our country and institutions. He
• 50:17
  Speaker 1: has striven to teach his children to love and honor
• 50:20
  Speaker 1: the land which harbors them. All Human history teaches us
• 50:25
  Speaker 1: that the price of human liberty is the continuous enlargement
• 50:29
  Speaker 1: of that liberty. The only safe principle of democracy is justice, equity,
• 50:35
  Speaker 1: and equal respect among all our people. Great unfinished tasks
• 50:40
  Speaker 1: remain for us. To solve. Our common loyalty must hold
• 50:44
  Speaker 1: high the torch and pass it on with fire unquenched
• 50:49
  Speaker 1: to the citizen of tomorrow and a section. Section seven
• 51:01
  Speaker 1: of Americans All Immigrants All. This is a LibriVox recording.
• 51:08
  Speaker 1: All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
• 51:11
  Speaker 1: information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This
• 51:17
  Speaker 1: recording is by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans
• 51:22
  Speaker 1: All Immigrants All by the United States Department of the Interior,
• 51:28
  Speaker 1: Office of Education. Section seven are people really different? Democracy
• 51:37
  Speaker 1: means not I'm as good as you are, but you're
• 51:41
  Speaker 1: as good as I am. Theodore Parker. Immigration has made
• 51:47
  Speaker 1: the United States the most composite nation on Earth. More
• 51:51
  Speaker 1: peoples of widely different national and racial origins have been
• 51:55
  Speaker 1: brought together and welded into a single political, economic, and
• 51:59
  Speaker 1: na social system that anywhere else in the world. What
• 52:04
  Speaker 1: constitutes a race? Does each race have certain hereditary characteristics
• 52:10
  Speaker 1: which determine its mental life and social behavior. Is there
• 52:13
  Speaker 1: a racial stock which is superior physically, mentally, and morally
• 52:18
  Speaker 1: to other racial stocks? Just what differences, if any, exists
• 52:23
  Speaker 1: between those who were born here and those who have
• 52:26
  Speaker 1: adopted this country as their homeland. There is no such
• 52:31
  Speaker 1: person as a native American, nor was there ever such
• 52:34
  Speaker 1: a person. If we are to be strictly accurate, we
• 52:37
  Speaker 1: are told that even the American Indian is an immigrant
• 52:40
  Speaker 1: who came from far off Asia by way of the
• 52:43
  Speaker 1: Bearing Straits in Alaska. Our ancestors may have come on
• 52:47
  Speaker 1: the Mayflower or in the Steerage. We may be descended
• 52:51
  Speaker 1: from emigrants who settled here generations ago, or we may
• 52:55
  Speaker 1: have come directly from other lands. Yet one fact remains
• 52:58
  Speaker 1: crystal clear. We are all immigrants. Physical characteristics. From the
• 53:07
  Speaker 1: physical standpoint, races do have certain very definite differences that
• 53:12
  Speaker 1: are obvious. One of the most obvious is that of color. White, black, yellow, red, brown,
• 53:19
  Speaker 1: and yellow brown are the colors we usually associate with
• 53:23
  Speaker 1: certain racial types. Some of us are tall, blonde, and
• 53:26
  Speaker 1: blue eyed. Others are short, dark, and brown eyed. Some
• 53:31
  Speaker 1: people have long, narrow heads, while others have short, round heads. However,
• 53:36
  Speaker 1: the same physical differences may be found not only between
• 53:40
  Speaker 1: racial and national peoples, but also between individuals within the nation, tribe,
• 53:45
  Speaker 1: or family mental characteristics. In answer to the contention that
• 53:53
  Speaker 1: certain racial groups are mentally superior to others, Friends Boaus,
• 53:58
  Speaker 1: an outstanding signeists, says, no one has ever proved that
• 54:03
  Speaker 1: a human being, through his descent from a group of people,
• 54:06
  Speaker 1: must of necessity have certain mental characteristics. If we were
• 54:10
  Speaker 1: to select the most intelligent, imaginative, energetic, and emotionally stable
• 54:16
  Speaker 1: third of mankind, all races would be represented. Hutton, another scientist,
• 54:23
  Speaker 1: is even more emphatic. He declares that each racial type
• 54:28
  Speaker 1: runs the gamut from idiots and criminals to geniuses and statesmen.
• 54:32
  Speaker 1: No type produces a majority of individuals from either end
• 54:36
  Speaker 1: of the scale. There are no racial monopolies of either
• 54:39
  Speaker 1: human virtues or vices. Carefully controlled intelligence tests given by
• 54:46
  Speaker 1: educators and scientists to different racial groups show that where
• 54:51
  Speaker 1: environment and social conditions are the same, no group can
• 54:55
  Speaker 1: claim mental superiority. In fact, it has been clearly apparent
• 54:59
  Speaker 1: that men nan everywhere is basically and fundamentally similar, and
• 55:04
  Speaker 1: that his differences, be they physical, mental, or moral, are
• 55:08
  Speaker 1: determined not by race so much as by the social
• 55:11
  Speaker 1: conditions and opportunities around him. Important findings the assimilation of
• 55:20
  Speaker 1: different groups within the United States would seem to show
• 55:23
  Speaker 1: that one under favorable conditions of equal opportunity, all racial groups,
• 55:29
  Speaker 1: whatever their original homeland, conditions and status, are capable of
• 55:34
  Speaker 1: rapid social change, both as individuals and as groups. It
• 55:39
  Speaker 1: can be easily shown, says one scientist, how dependent mental
• 55:44
  Speaker 1: differences are upon social conditions. For instance, exact observations have
• 55:49
  Speaker 1: been made on Negroes who have moved from the country
• 55:52
  Speaker 1: to the city, and it has been shown that assimilation
• 55:55
  Speaker 1: of these people to the behavior of the city population
• 55:58
  Speaker 1: takes place within a few Likewise, it has been shown
• 56:03
  Speaker 1: in the case of Italian immigrants that they grow to
• 56:06
  Speaker 1: resemble the Americans in behavior the longer they have been
• 56:09
  Speaker 1: in this country, provided they do not remain isolated. One
• 56:14
  Speaker 1: of the most instructive illustrations of this assimilation is the
• 56:18
  Speaker 1: ease with which children adopt the dialect and manner of
• 56:21
  Speaker 1: expression of their environment. Number two, All groups, under the
• 56:27
  Speaker 1: stimulus of opportunity and contact have capacity to produce exceptional
• 56:33
  Speaker 1: individuals of high creative ability or genius, and thus help
• 56:37
  Speaker 1: build up and perfect human culture. The Nordic and slav
• 56:43
  Speaker 1: the Southern European, and jew Black, white, brown, and yellow
• 56:47
  Speaker 1: have all produced men and women of outstanding brains and genius.
• 56:52
  Speaker 1: To confirm these statements, it is only necessary to read
• 56:56
  Speaker 1: in the pages that follow the contributions of the immigrant
• 56:59
  Speaker 1: and his descendants to American life. Research studies conducted on
• 57:04
  Speaker 1: an objective basis prove that individual brilliance may be and
• 57:09
  Speaker 1: is found in all groups. Number Three, under the influence
• 57:14
  Speaker 1: of a common environment, physical and cultural. The offspring of
• 57:18
  Speaker 1: different racial and national groups in a democracy tend toward
• 57:23
  Speaker 1: a common culture with common customs and ideals. John Dewey
• 57:28
  Speaker 1: has emphasized that in a democratic society, individuals give freely
• 57:34
  Speaker 1: to others of the peculiar value, essence, quality, and contribution
• 57:39
  Speaker 1: of the group to which they belong and receive freely
• 57:42
  Speaker 1: the corresponding treasures of other groups, and this without violence
• 57:46
  Speaker 1: to the complete uniqueness of the group. At birth, no
• 57:51
  Speaker 1: individual has any culture, and so the culture eventually acquires
• 57:55
  Speaker 1: as the one he finds around him and is capable
• 57:58
  Speaker 1: of assimilating. However, new conditions bring the need of new
• 58:03
  Speaker 1: ideals and new emphasis on certain aspects of old ideals.
• 58:08
  Speaker 1: Civilization itself is not only safeguarded but advanced when a
• 58:12
  Speaker 1: nation composed of many races finds it possible for each
• 58:17
  Speaker 1: racial group to function creatively in building the culture of
• 58:21
  Speaker 1: the race into the whole culture pattern number four. Within
• 58:27
  Speaker 1: the framework of common political and economic institutions. A variety
• 58:32
  Speaker 1: of cultural elements makes for a richer and more active
• 58:35
  Speaker 1: social culture. In all history, some of the most advanced
• 58:40
  Speaker 1: civilizations have been the product of a mixture of cultures.
• 58:44
  Speaker 1: No great nations or civilizations have been born in isolation.
• 58:49
  Speaker 1: Inbreeding inevitably results in one sidedness and eventually in stagnation
• 58:55
  Speaker 1: and decadence. Spain was at its greatest when the mixture
• 58:59
  Speaker 1: of people's will at its height, England grew great because
• 59:03
  Speaker 1: the ingredients of many racial groups ran in the Englishman's blood.
• 59:07
  Speaker 1: The United States will continue to be great because the
• 59:11
  Speaker 1: intermingling of many groups tends to build a culture or
• 59:14
  Speaker 1: civilization that unifies the best of their contributions. Number five.
• 59:21
  Speaker 1: A civilization of many different elements develops religious, social, and
• 59:26
  Speaker 1: cultural tolerance. It also creates ability, which may permit it
• 59:30
  Speaker 1: to grow and change. End of section. Section eight of
• 59:43
  Speaker 1: Americans All Immigrants All. This is the LibriVox recording. All
• 59:49
  Speaker 1: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 59:53
  Speaker 1: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording
• 59:59
  Speaker 1: is by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans All
• 1:00:05
  Speaker 1: Immigrants All by the US Department of the Interior, Office
• 1:00:10
  Speaker 1: of Education. Section eight Immigration from eighteen twenty to nineteen
• 1:00:16
  Speaker 1: thirty six. Now a note from the narrator to you.
• 1:00:21
  Speaker 1: This section is entirely data of how many people came
• 1:00:25
  Speaker 1: from different countries. So if that will be too tedious
• 1:00:29
  Speaker 1: for you, I encourage you to skip this section. Proceeding
• 1:00:36
  Speaker 1: Albania two thousand, eight hundred forty six, Austria and Hungary
• 1:00:42
  Speaker 1: four million, one hundred thirty eight thousand, three hundred thirty
• 1:00:46
  Speaker 1: three from Belgium one hundred fifty five thousand, twenty four,
• 1:00:52
  Speaker 1: Bulgaria sixty five thousand, four hundred twenty four, Czechoslovakia one
• 1:00:59
  Speaker 1: hundred ten thousand, nine hundred twenty eight, Denmark three hundred
• 1:01:05
  Speaker 1: thirty three thousand, nine hundred, Estonia eighteen hundred and thirty nine,
• 1:01:12
  Speaker 1: Finland eighteen thousand, three hundred ten, France five hundred eighty
• 1:01:20
  Speaker 1: eight thousand, twenty three, Germany five million, nine hundred thirty
• 1:01:26
  Speaker 1: eight thousand, eight hundred twenty two. Great Britain broken down
• 1:01:31
  Speaker 1: by area. England two million, six hundred twenty nine thousand,
• 1:01:36
  Speaker 1: three hundred thirty five, Scotland seven hundred thirty two thousand,
• 1:01:41
  Speaker 1: five hundred eighty seven, Wales eighty six thousand, two hundred
• 1:01:46
  Speaker 1: thirty three not specified, seven hundred ninety three thousand, seven
• 1:01:51
  Speaker 1: hundred forty one. Now proceeding with other countries Greece four
• 1:01:57
  Speaker 1: hundred twenty seven thousand six, Ireland four million, five hundred
• 1:02:03
  Speaker 1: eighty eight thousand, four hundred sixty four, Italy four million,
• 1:02:09
  Speaker 1: six hundred ninety two thousand, four hundred forty seven, Latvia
• 1:02:15
  Speaker 1: three thousand, nine hundred eighteen, Lithuania seven thousand, one hundred
• 1:02:22
  Speaker 1: sixty six Luxembourg eight hundred fifty four, Netherlands two hundred
• 1:02:29
  Speaker 1: forty nine thousand fifty nine, Norway and Sweden two million,
• 1:02:35
  Speaker 1: eighteen thousand, six hundred forty Poland four hundred seven thousand,
• 1:02:41
  Speaker 1: three hundred sixty six, Portugal two hundred fifty four thousand,
• 1:02:47
  Speaker 1: four hundred ninety nine, Rumania one hundred fifty five thousand,
• 1:02:53
  Speaker 1: four hundred ninety six, Russia three million, three hundred forty
• 1:02:59
  Speaker 1: three thousand eighty eight, Spain one hundred sixty eight thousand,
• 1:03:05
  Speaker 1: nine hundred thirteen, Switzerland two hundred ninety two thousand, one
• 1:03:10
  Speaker 1: hundred fifty three, Turkey in Europe one hundred fifty five thousand,
• 1:03:16
  Speaker 1: five hundred sixty eight, Yugoslavia fifty three thousand, three hundred
• 1:03:22
  Speaker 1: ninety four, other parts of Europe twenty one thousand, three
• 1:03:26
  Speaker 1: hundred nine, for a total from Europe of thirty two million,
• 1:03:31
  Speaker 1: four hundred thirty four thousand, six hundred eighty five. China
• 1:03:37
  Speaker 1: three hundred seventy nine thousand, nine hundred eighty two, India
• 1:03:43
  Speaker 1: nine thousand, seven hundred four, Japan two hundred seventy seven thousand,
• 1:03:50
  Speaker 1: one hundred sixty two. Turkey in Asia two hundred five thousand,
• 1:03:55
  Speaker 1: three hundred seventeen other areas of Asia thirty eight thousand,
• 1:04:01
  Speaker 1: eight hundred fifty eight for Asia complete total of nine
• 1:04:06
  Speaker 1: hundred eleven thousand, twenty three. Canada and Newfoundland two million,
• 1:04:13
  Speaker 1: nine hundred fifty seven thousand, four hundred twenty two, Mexico
• 1:04:18
  Speaker 1: seven hundred sixty eight thousand, four hundred fifty three, Central
• 1:04:24
  Speaker 1: America forty six thousand, nine hundred nineteen, West Indies four
• 1:04:30
  Speaker 1: hundred thirty eight thousand, six hundred thirty three, South America
• 1:04:36
  Speaker 1: one hundred seventeen thousand, six hundred forty nine. Other parts
• 1:04:41
  Speaker 1: of America forty America total four million, three hundred twenty
• 1:04:47
  Speaker 1: nine thousand, one hundred sixteen, Africa twenty five thousand, three
• 1:04:54
  Speaker 1: hundred eleven, Australia and New Zealand fifty three thousand, seven
• 1:04:59
  Speaker 1: hundred thirty nine, Pacific Islands ten thousand, six hundred ten
• 1:05:06
  Speaker 1: not specified two hundred fifty four thousand, sixty six total
• 1:05:11
  Speaker 1: from all countries thirty eight million, dous eighteen thousand, five
• 1:05:16
  Speaker 1: hundred fifty From nineteen thirty one to nineteen thirty eight,
• 1:05:21
  Speaker 1: departures have exceeded admissions by two hundred three thousand, six
• 1:05:26
  Speaker 1: hundred ninety four and a section section nine of Americans
• 1:05:40
  Speaker 1: All Immigrants All. This is the LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
• 1:05:46
  Speaker 1: recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
• 1:05:50
  Speaker 1: to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is
• 1:05:55
  Speaker 1: by Mark Smith of Simpsonsville, South Carolina. Americans All Immigrants
• 1:06:01
  Speaker 1: All by the United States Department of the Interior, Office
• 1:06:05
  Speaker 1: of Education. Section nine. Our gifts to science and agriculture.
• 1:06:15
  Speaker 1: The bronze brain and inventive genius of the immigrants and
• 1:06:18
  Speaker 1: their descendants have made the United States a world leader
• 1:06:22
  Speaker 1: in science and industry. In reading about this pageant of achievement,
• 1:06:26
  Speaker 1: which is unique in human history, you will also learn
• 1:06:30
  Speaker 1: something about the diverse racial origins of those who laid
• 1:06:34
  Speaker 1: the gifts on the altar of America. Here they are immigrants,
• 1:06:39
  Speaker 1: sons of immigrants, and sons of sons of immigrants, men
• 1:06:44
  Speaker 1: and women who have thrilled the worlds of science and industry,
• 1:06:47
  Speaker 1: the arts and crafts, and social progress and government. The
• 1:06:52
  Speaker 1: italics indicate the racial origin of each individual or a
• 1:06:56
  Speaker 1: major racial group from which he has descended, although it
• 1:06:59
  Speaker 1: should be kept in mind that a person's ancestors frequently
• 1:07:03
  Speaker 1: include many racial strains. The achievements listed are suggestive rather
• 1:07:08
  Speaker 1: than exhaustive. Medicine use of cocaine as local anesthetic first
• 1:07:15
  Speaker 1: introduced by Carl Kohler, German jew ether, first demonstrated to
• 1:07:20
  Speaker 1: the world in surgical operation by William Morton A. Scott.
• 1:07:25
  Speaker 1: First successful operation on human heart performed by Daniel H.
• 1:07:30
  Speaker 1: Williams Nigro Schick, diphtheria test developed by doctor Bayla Schick,
• 1:07:37
  Speaker 1: Hungarian jew pioneer work and antiseptics by Henry Banga, Swiss,
• 1:07:44
  Speaker 1: and many lives saved during World War through contributions to
• 1:07:47
  Speaker 1: aseptic surgery of Alexis Carroll, French. Preventive compound for cholera
• 1:07:54
  Speaker 1: and typhoid fever discovered by F. G. Novi. Slovak Ratus
• 1:08:00
  Speaker 1: for electric blood transfusion perfected by D. J. Calichio, Italian
• 1:08:07
  Speaker 1: Charles and William Mayo Irish have made surgery almost as
• 1:08:12
  Speaker 1: reliable as science as bookkeeping. Charles McBurney scotch Irish discovered
• 1:08:18
  Speaker 1: mcburnie's point as a sign for the necessity of operating
• 1:08:22
  Speaker 1: for appendicitis. Discovery that the disease pelagra was due to
• 1:08:27
  Speaker 1: faulty diet made by Joseph Goldberger German Jew. Typhus and
• 1:08:33
  Speaker 1: typhoid fever distinguished by Alfred Steele Swede. Human blood classified
• 1:08:40
  Speaker 1: in different types by Karl Lensteiner, Austrian Jew. Research work
• 1:08:47
  Speaker 1: in combating syphilis and yellow fever by Hideo Nogucci. Japanese
• 1:08:54
  Speaker 1: expert on infantile paralysis and meningitis is Simon Flexner Jew.
• 1:09:01
  Speaker 1: First removal of human ovary by Ephraim McDowell Scott. One
• 1:09:07
  Speaker 1: of the famous authorities on plastic surgery is v. Kansangian Armenian.
• 1:09:13
  Speaker 1: World authority on venereal disease is Vicki Victor A Yugoslav.
• 1:09:19
  Speaker 1: Edward Trudeau, French began sanatorium treatment for tuberculosis. Clifford Beer's
• 1:09:27
  Speaker 1: English Netherlander, founder of metal hygiene movement. Discovery that mosquitoes
• 1:09:33
  Speaker 1: carried yellow fever made by Walter Reid. English malaria driven
• 1:09:39
  Speaker 1: out of Panama by General William C. Gorgis scotch Irish, Netherlander.
• 1:09:46
  Speaker 1: First hospital in colonies founded by doctor Thomas Bond Welsh physics.
• 1:09:54
  Speaker 1: Our greatest electrical wizards have been Joseph Henry scotch Irish,
• 1:09:59
  Speaker 1: who had helped to invent the telegraph. Charles Steinmetz German
• 1:10:03
  Speaker 1: Polish mathematical genius and electrical scientists who had one of
• 1:10:08
  Speaker 1: the world's most inventive minds. Thomas Edison, Scott Netherlander, who
• 1:10:13
  Speaker 1: invented electric light, bulb and phonograph. Michael Pupin, Yugoslav who
• 1:10:19
  Speaker 1: perfected tuning in mechanism of radio. Nicola Tesla, Yugoslav who
• 1:10:25
  Speaker 1: made extensive use of electrical power possible. Vladimir Karapetov, Armenian,
• 1:10:32
  Speaker 1: inventor of electrical devices. Most distinguished physicist on light rays
• 1:10:38
  Speaker 1: is Albert A. Michelson, German jew on X rays, Arthur H. Compton,
• 1:10:44
  Speaker 1: English on cosmic rays, Robert Milliken scotch Irish. Outstanding investigator
• 1:10:52
  Speaker 1: of wrench and ray is Mirn Kasabian, Armenian through work
• 1:10:57
  Speaker 1: on electrotechnics. Expansion of telephonic and telegraphic communication made possible
• 1:11:03
  Speaker 1: by E. F. W Alexanderson, Swede. John Cruci Swiss helped
• 1:11:10
  Speaker 1: Edison develop electric and condescent lamp, dynamo and phonograph. Astronomy
• 1:11:19
  Speaker 1: first observatory put up by Ephraim Williams Welsh. Many of
• 1:11:24
  Speaker 1: our early day almanacs based on astronomical studies and computations
• 1:11:28
  Speaker 1: of David Rittenhouse German, Welsh Lick Observatory, California and Yerke's
• 1:11:35
  Speaker 1: Observatory Wisconsin, founded by James Lick and Charles Yerke's Germans
• 1:11:42
  Speaker 1: for pictures of many of the stars. Dorothy Klumpke, German
• 1:11:46
  Speaker 1: achieved much fame. Famous mathematician and everyday almanac maker was
• 1:11:52
  Speaker 1: Benjamin Banneker Nigro, who also helped L'Enfant French to lay
• 1:11:57
  Speaker 1: out Washington d c chemistry. Ephedrin drug used as base
• 1:12:05
  Speaker 1: for cold remedies discovered by k k Chen Chinese adrenaline
• 1:12:11
  Speaker 1: and diastase discovered by Jokichi Takamine Japanese grape sugar changed
• 1:12:18
  Speaker 1: into tartaric acid by Muschek Vegoni Armenian George Washington Carver
• 1:12:25
  Speaker 1: Nigro made one hundred forty five products from peanut, one
• 1:12:30
  Speaker 1: hundred products from sweet potato, and sixty products from the pecan.
• 1:12:35
  Speaker 1: Fermented milk product of high curative values discovered by H. M.
• 1:12:39
  Speaker 1: Dodurian Armenian exploration. A pilot on one of Columbus's ships
• 1:12:47
  Speaker 1: was Pedro Alonzo Nigro. First explorers in New Mexico led
• 1:12:53
  Speaker 1: by Estevanico, Moroccan. First settlers of Alabama who accompanied the
• 1:12:59
  Speaker 1: Soto in fifteen forty were Roeblise Nigro and Ferada Greek.
• 1:13:06
  Speaker 1: First reliable map of Virginia and Maryland made by Augustine
• 1:13:10
  Speaker 1: Hermann Cech, Lewis Welsh and Clark English led the famous
• 1:13:17
  Speaker 1: Expedition to the Northwest. Nineteen o three. Ziggler Expedition to
• 1:13:22
  Speaker 1: the North Pole led by Anthony Fiala Cech. North Pole
• 1:13:27
  Speaker 1: discovered by Robert Peery French English, accompanied by Matthew Henson Nigro.
• 1:13:34
  Speaker 1: First to fly across South Pole was Richard Byrd English.
• 1:13:39
  Speaker 1: Other sciences first of American geologists was William mc clure Scott.
• 1:13:47
  Speaker 1: The great naturalists John j Audubon French Spanish taught us
• 1:13:51
  Speaker 1: about birds of America. Many inspired to study natural sciences
• 1:13:57
  Speaker 1: by Lewis Agassiz French. Henry d Thereau Huguenot was great
• 1:14:03
  Speaker 1: naturalist and writer. Famous anthropologists are Franz Boas and Edward
• 1:14:09
  Speaker 1: Sapier German Jews and Alice Ridlik Czech. International authority on
• 1:14:17
  Speaker 1: zoology and botany is Leonhard steineger Norwegian expert on function
• 1:14:23
  Speaker 1: of cell and fertilization is ernest just Negro. First botanical
• 1:14:29
  Speaker 1: garden and world founded near Philadelphia by John Bartram Welsh.
• 1:14:34
  Speaker 1: Early in eighteenth century. Public garden established in Georgia by
• 1:14:39
  Speaker 1: General Oglethorpe English, served as our first agricultural experiment station.
• 1:14:46
  Speaker 1: Scientific breeding of plants demonstrated by Luther Burbank English, French
• 1:14:51
  Speaker 1: Netherlander Scott philosophers, famous philosophers, William James Welsh English, John Dewey, Irish,
• 1:15:02
  Speaker 1: Santayana Spaniard, Jidu Krishnamurti Hindu agriculture. First vineyard in our
• 1:15:12
  Speaker 1: country was set out by Jean Jacques Dufour Swiss. Oranges, olives,
• 1:15:19
  Speaker 1: dates and grapes were brought to California by Frey Junipero
• 1:15:23
  Speaker 1: Serra Spaniard. Fig cuttings were imported by Nadatatovitch of Fresno,
• 1:15:29
  Speaker 1: Yugoslav Wild strawberry developed into a large table variety by
• 1:15:35
  Speaker 1: Johann Schwdkoff, German who came to Long Island before Revolutionary War.
• 1:15:42
  Speaker 1: Alfalfa seed known as lucerne brought to Minnesota and developed
• 1:15:46
  Speaker 1: by Wendeln Grimm, German in eighteen fifty eight. Hardy alfalfa
• 1:15:51
  Speaker 1: for prairies of Northwest brought from Siberia and Turkestan by
• 1:15:56
  Speaker 1: Niels Hansen. Dane mower and reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick
• 1:16:02
  Speaker 1: Scotch Irish. Simple tests to determine whether soil needs nitrogen,
• 1:16:08
  Speaker 1: phosphates or potash devised by George Hoffer. German pasteurization introduced
• 1:16:15
  Speaker 1: by Julius Moldenhauer. Dane orange that will stay on tree
• 1:16:20
  Speaker 1: for months after ripening, propagated by Lou gim Gong. Chinese
• 1:16:26
  Speaker 1: honey industry revolutionized by Frank Jaeger, Yugoslav early cooperative creamery
• 1:16:34
  Speaker 1: at clarks Grove, Minnesota, organized under leadership of Hans Jensen, Dane.
• 1:16:40
  Speaker 1: First to find triquina spiralis in hogs and hookworman cats
• 1:16:44
  Speaker 1: was Joseph Leidy, German International Institute of Agriculture, established by
• 1:16:50
  Speaker 1: David Lubin, Polish jew end of section Section ten of Americans,
• 1:17:04
  Speaker 1: All Immigrants All. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
• 1:17:11
  Speaker 1: recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
• 1:17:14
  Speaker 1: to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is
• 1:17:19
  Speaker 1: by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans all immigrants,
• 1:17:26
  Speaker 1: all by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Education.
• 1:17:31
  Speaker 1: Section ten are gifts to industry and commerce inventions. First
• 1:17:38
  Speaker 1: clock in America constructed to strike the hours, built by
• 1:17:42
  Speaker 1: Benjamin Banneker, Nigro in seventeen ninety. Early flour milling machinery
• 1:17:47
  Speaker 1: by Oliver Evans Welsh. Ironcombe made by a Negro to
• 1:17:53
  Speaker 1: help cotton pickers, gave Eli Whitney English idea for his
• 1:17:58
  Speaker 1: cotton gin screw, propeller and revolving turret on battleship invented
• 1:18:03
  Speaker 1: by John Ericsson Swede. First patent to a Nigro granted
• 1:18:08
  Speaker 1: to Henry Blair for corn harvester in eighteen thirty four.
• 1:18:13
  Speaker 1: Comb making machinery built by Nathaniel Jones Welsh. First zipper
• 1:18:19
  Speaker 1: fastener invented by Gideon Sunbak Swede. Green coloring matter used
• 1:18:26
  Speaker 1: in our paper dollar invented by doctor Seropian. Armenian machine
• 1:18:32
  Speaker 1: for lasting shoes built by Jan Metzaliger Haitian in eighteen
• 1:18:37
  Speaker 1: fifty two. Self starter automobile clutch invented by Victor Bendix.
• 1:18:43
  Speaker 1: Swede also developed four wheel brakes and carburetor, steam boiler, furnace,
• 1:18:49
  Speaker 1: electrical air brakes and incubator invented by Granville T. Woods, Nigro.
• 1:18:56
  Speaker 1: Inventor of carborundum was E. G. Atchison English. Sewing machine
• 1:19:02
  Speaker 1: invented by Elias Howe English in eighteen forty six. Lubricating
• 1:19:08
  Speaker 1: cup used on locomotives and marine engines invented by Elijah J. McCoy, Nigro.
• 1:19:15
  Speaker 1: Discovery of artificial rubber by Father Newland of Notre Dame,
• 1:19:20
  Speaker 1: Belgian broke the British hold on rubber induction motors invented
• 1:19:25
  Speaker 1: by Nicola Tesla, Yugoslav co. Discoverer of process for making
• 1:19:31
  Speaker 1: luminous paints was John Sooshaki, Ukrainian. Fireproof stairs and library
• 1:19:37
  Speaker 1: bookstacks invented by Niels Poulsen. Dane Stilson wrench invented by
• 1:19:43
  Speaker 1: Daniel Stilson, Swede in eighteen seventy five. Bacolte, a substitute
• 1:19:50
  Speaker 1: used for ivory and bone in making toilet articles, invented
• 1:19:54
  Speaker 1: by Leo Bakolund, German. He discovered velox, a paper used
• 1:19:59
  Speaker 1: by photograph, and made several other discoveries through experimenting with
• 1:20:03
  Speaker 1: the electrolytics cell. One of our earliest elevators was built
• 1:20:08
  Speaker 1: by doctor Nils Collins Swede, a Philadelphia pastor. The condenser
• 1:20:14
  Speaker 1: used in radios and electric motors is the result of
• 1:20:17
  Speaker 1: work done by Alexander Georgiev Bulgarian. Numerous inventions of a
• 1:20:24
  Speaker 1: wide and varied nature in connection with steam turbines were
• 1:20:27
  Speaker 1: developed by Oscar Jungren and by Karl Soderberg Swedes. Huge
• 1:20:33
  Speaker 1: machines used for knitting are the invention of Ladislaus Robachinsky.
• 1:20:38
  Speaker 1: Armenian outstanding typewriter designer is Karl Gabrielsson Swede. Air brake
• 1:20:46
  Speaker 1: invented by George Westinghouse English Netherlander. Scientific divining rod used
• 1:20:52
  Speaker 1: in electromagnetic method of locating metal, ore, petroleum and other
• 1:20:56
  Speaker 1: minerals devised by Hans Lundberg and Carl Sundberg Swedes. In
• 1:21:03
  Speaker 1: inventing telephone transmitter and motion picture projector Edison Scott, Netherlander,
• 1:21:10
  Speaker 1: helped by Emil Berliner, German. Jew accuracy gauges from which
• 1:21:16
  Speaker 1: precision machinery is made invented by Karl Johansson Swede. Process
• 1:21:23
  Speaker 1: for making artificial stone invented by Michael Timofiev. Ukrainian pioneer
• 1:21:30
  Speaker 1: in radio work in sound motion pictures was Lee de
• 1:21:33
  Speaker 1: Forest French English transportation. First steamboat built and taken down
• 1:21:42
  Speaker 1: Ohio and Mississippi by Nicholas Roosevelt, Netherlander. First elevated railroad
• 1:21:49
  Speaker 1: in New York City was built by Jose Francisco de Navarro,
• 1:21:53
  Speaker 1: a Spaniard in eighteen seventy eight. First demonstration of steam
• 1:21:58
  Speaker 1: railroad in practice by John Stephens, English in eighteen twenty five.
• 1:22:03
  Speaker 1: The Clermont Our first commercially successful steamboat built by Robert Fulton, Irish.
• 1:22:11
  Speaker 1: Greatest of clipper ships, Rainbow and Sea Witch built by
• 1:22:15
  Speaker 1: John Griffith Welsh. Wagons and automobiles produced by Studebaker Brothers, German.
• 1:22:24
  Speaker 1: Inventor of modern suspension bridge was John Roebling, German who
• 1:22:28
  Speaker 1: built beautiful Brooklyn Bridge. The Niagara cantilever bridge for heavy
• 1:22:34
  Speaker 1: railroad traffic invented by Charles Schneider, German. The Northwest opened
• 1:22:41
  Speaker 1: up by railroad builder James J. Hill, Scotch Irish, Transatlantic
• 1:22:46
  Speaker 1: flyer Charles Lindbergh and airship commander Charles Rosendahl. Swedes. Manufacturing
• 1:22:57
  Speaker 1: window glass manufactured by Casper W. Whistar, German in seventeen
• 1:23:02
  Speaker 1: thirty nine. Decorative stowes and glass of highly prized nature
• 1:23:07
  Speaker 1: manufactured in eighteenth century by Heinrich Steegel German. The New
• 1:23:12
  Speaker 1: England Cotton Mills established by Samuel Slater, English. First to
• 1:23:18
  Speaker 1: unite all processes for manufacturing finished cloth in one factory
• 1:23:23
  Speaker 1: was Patrick Jackson, Irish. Art of making gunpowder perfected by
• 1:23:28
  Speaker 1: Eleutherea DuPont French. Great Steel Works of Pittsburgh founded by
• 1:23:35
  Speaker 1: Andrew Carnegie Scott, assisted by William Jones Welsh. Iron and
• 1:23:41
  Speaker 1: Steel Industries of Pueblo, Colorado established by Daniel Jones Welsh,
• 1:23:48
  Speaker 1: famous pioneer organ builder Mattias Muller, a Dane pianos and
• 1:23:54
  Speaker 1: other instruments by Steinway Nabe Weber Wurlitzer, Gmunder Germans steel
• 1:24:02
  Speaker 1: manufactured by Charles Schwab German sugar produced by Havemeyer German.
• 1:24:09
  Speaker 1: Food products by Heinzen Fleischmann Germans. World. Noted symbols made
• 1:24:15
  Speaker 1: by Zildigian Armenian airplane builders are Igor Sergyorsky Russian Blanka, Italian,
• 1:24:25
  Speaker 1: Douglas Scott Boeing German and Curtis English German. Communication. The
• 1:24:37
  Speaker 1: telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell Scott. The telegraph
• 1:24:42
  Speaker 1: was invention of Joseph Henry and Samuel Morse Scotch Irish
• 1:24:48
  Speaker 1: steam cylinder printing press making possible our great daily newspapers
• 1:24:52
  Speaker 1: was brainchild of Robert Hoe. English Erie Kanal built by
• 1:24:58
  Speaker 1: DeWitt Clinton, Irish Netherlander. Long distance telephone and wireless telegraphy
• 1:25:05
  Speaker 1: made possible by Michael poupen Yugoslav inventor of wireless switch
• 1:25:12
  Speaker 1: was Fritz Lowenstein German Jew. New device for transmitting radio
• 1:25:18
  Speaker 1: photographs by Arthur Korn German Jew loudspeaker invented by Peter Jensen.
• 1:25:25
  Speaker 1: Dane Swarken, Russian pioneered in television. First printing press imported
• 1:25:33
  Speaker 1: to California by Augustin Zamarana. Spaniard Commerce one of the
• 1:25:41
  Speaker 1: largest cotton gins owned by Scott Bond, Nigro Our. Leading
• 1:25:46
  Speaker 1: industrialists include Aster, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller. Germans, Julius Rosenwald, Chicago
• 1:25:54
  Speaker 1: mail order executive, German Jew, Alfred Knudsen Dane Automobile manufacturing executive.
• 1:26:03
  Speaker 1: Leading rug merchants are Keragusian, Gubenkian, Kalechian and Pushman Armenians.
• 1:26:11
  Speaker 1: Leading linen and lace merchants are Maluk, cassab Bardwell Jabbara
• 1:26:17
  Speaker 1: mammary am Boutros Syrians. Largest razor of orchids and specialist
• 1:26:24
  Speaker 1: in cacti is J. A. Manda, Yugoslav. First American circus
• 1:26:29
  Speaker 1: opened in Barraboo, Wisconsin in eighteen fifty four by Ringling Brothers. German.
• 1:26:36
  Speaker 1: Virginia tobacco trade founded by Augustine Hermann. Czech gas first
• 1:26:41
  Speaker 1: introduced in eighteen thirty by Edward Jones Welsh in Boston. Mining.
• 1:26:50
  Speaker 1: First oil well drilled at Titusville, Pennsylvania by Edwin Drake,
• 1:26:55
  Speaker 1: English in eighteen fifty nine. In Texas, oil was first
• 1:27:00
  Speaker 1: by Anthony F. Lucas Yugoslav. Cole in Pennsylvania first discovered
• 1:27:05
  Speaker 1: by William Jones Welsh. Pioneer miner of Colorado was Vasso Chikovic, Yugoslav.
• 1:27:14
  Speaker 1: First California gold found on ranch of John Sutter German Swiss.
• 1:27:20
  Speaker 1: Eminent mining industrialists include Simon and Daniel Guggenheim Swiss Jews
• 1:27:26
  Speaker 1: and Adolph Lewinson German jew Banking Leading bankers include J.
• 1:27:35
  Speaker 1: Pierpont Morgan, Welsh, Nathan Strauss, Felix Warburg, Jacob Schiff, Otto
• 1:27:42
  Speaker 1: Kahn and James Speyer German Jews. Charles g Dawes English,
• 1:27:49
  Speaker 1: Amadeo Jenini Italian and Jesse Jones Welsh building first American
• 1:27:59
  Speaker 1: iron seagoing steamship built in eighteen fifty nine by Jose
• 1:28:04
  Speaker 1: Francisco de Navarro, Spaniard, who also laid foundation of cement
• 1:28:08
  Speaker 1: business in this country. Panama Canal built by General Goethals Netherlander,
• 1:28:16
  Speaker 1: George Washington Bridge built by othmar Anman Swiss. Manhattan Bridge
• 1:28:22
  Speaker 1: in New York and Interstate Bridge connecting Philadelphia and Camden
• 1:28:26
  Speaker 1: built by Leon Moussef Russian hetch Hetchee. Water system from
• 1:28:33
  Speaker 1: Sierra Nevada to San Francisco built by Michael O'Shaughnessy Irish
• 1:28:39
  Speaker 1: Ralph Mojesky Polish jew Chairman Board of Engineers, San Francisco,
• 1:28:44
  Speaker 1: Oakland Bridge, Peter Demyanov, Russian railroad builder. End of section
• 1:29:00
  Speaker 1: Section eleven of Americans All Immigrants All. This is a
• 1:29:05
  Speaker 1: LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
• 1:29:10
  Speaker 1: For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
• 1:29:16
  Speaker 1: This recording is by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina.
• 1:29:21
  Speaker 1: Americans All Immigrants All by the US Department of the Interior,
• 1:29:26
  Speaker 1: Office of Education. Section eleven are gifts to the arts
• 1:29:32
  Speaker 1: and crafts Literature. Outstanding novelists have been James Fenimore Cooper English, Swedish,
• 1:29:41
  Speaker 1: Oliver W. Holmes English, Netherlander, Mark Twain English, William Dean
• 1:29:48
  Speaker 1: Howells Welsh, Irish English, German, Mary Wilkins Freeman English, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Irish,
• 1:29:58
  Speaker 1: Theodore Dreiserrman, James W. Johnson, Nigro, Frank Norris, English, Booth
• 1:30:06
  Speaker 1: Tarkington English, Fanny Hurst, Edna Ferber and Ludwig Lewisson German, Jews,
• 1:30:15
  Speaker 1: Jacob Reus, Dane Lewis Ademik Yugoslav Our. Leading poets include Longfellow,
• 1:30:23
  Speaker 1: Lowell and Whittier English, Edgar A. Poe, Scotch Irish English,
• 1:30:29
  Speaker 1: Walt Whitman English, Netherlander, Sidney Lanier French, Eugene Field English,
• 1:30:38
  Speaker 1: Robert Frost Scotch English, Edwin Markham English, James W. Riley, Netherlander, English,
• 1:30:47
  Speaker 1: Carl Samberg, Swede, Edna, Saint Vincent Malay English French, Joaquin
• 1:30:55
  Speaker 1: Miller and Joyce Kilmer, Germans, Lewis Untermeyer, German Jew and
• 1:31:01
  Speaker 1: Arthur gutermann Austrian Jew, Christopher Morley Irish, Phyllis Wheatley and
• 1:31:08
  Speaker 1: Paul Dunbar Nigroes pioneer heroism immortalized by O. E. Rolveig,
• 1:31:15
  Speaker 1: Norwegian good Literature circulated in Humble Homes by P. F. Collier,
• 1:31:21
  Speaker 1: Irish historian, writer and lecturer. William Hendrik van Luhn Netherlander.
• 1:31:29
  Speaker 1: Music father of our orchestras and founder of Handel and
• 1:31:35
  Speaker 1: Heiden Society was Gottlieb Groupner, German. First organ builder and
• 1:31:41
  Speaker 1: maker of Spinnett's was Gustav Hesselius, Swede. Our first important
• 1:31:46
  Speaker 1: composer was Ernst Bloch Swiss. Jew Carry Me Back to
• 1:31:52
  Speaker 1: Old Virginny composed by James Bland Nigro Johnny Comes Marching
• 1:31:57
  Speaker 1: Home composed by Patrick Gilmer Irish Old Folks at Home
• 1:32:03
  Speaker 1: by Stephen Foster Scotch Irish and Italian. Campanini was first
• 1:32:08
  Speaker 1: director and leader of Metropolitan Gatti Casessa. Italian famous director
• 1:32:15
  Speaker 1: of Metropolitan, organizer of Flonzelee Quartet was Alfred Ponchon, Swiss.
• 1:32:23
  Speaker 1: Famous composers include Victor Herbert Irish, Edward McDowell, Scott, John
• 1:32:30
  Speaker 1: Philip Sussa, Portuguese, Percy Grainger, Australian Eugene Goosen's English, Howard Hansen, Swede,
• 1:32:41
  Speaker 1: William Grant, Still Nigro, Daniel Protheroe, Welsh, Sigmund Romberg, German Jew,
• 1:32:50
  Speaker 1: George Gershwin and Irving Berlin, Russian Jews, Almogluch, Roumanian Rudolph Rimmel.
• 1:33:01
  Speaker 1: Outstanding conductors include Gebrilovich, Russian Jew, Walter and Klemperer, German,
• 1:33:08
  Speaker 1: Krusovitsky and Smolens Russian Jews, Stokowski, Polish, Ormony and Rappee, Hungarians, Gans, Swiss, Koshets,
• 1:33:20
  Speaker 1: Ukrainian Silati, Russian Bush, Dane Kindler, Netherlander, Damrosch, German, Radzinsky,
• 1:33:33
  Speaker 1: Yugoslav Viktor Kohlar Czech. Leading violin players of worldwide fame
• 1:33:40
  Speaker 1: are Elman Heifitz, Symbolist Russian Jews and Yehudi Menuhen, Roumanian
• 1:33:47
  Speaker 1: jew Essay, Belgian, Dvank, Czech Pridakovich, Ukrainian. Famous pianists include Rachmaninoff, Russian, Iturbi,
• 1:34:02
  Speaker 1: Spaniard Hanti, Hungarian leading flutist is Kalamajos, Greek. Noted xylophonist
• 1:34:10
  Speaker 1: is y Hiraoka Japanese. Among the great concert artists are
• 1:34:17
  Speaker 1: Sophie Breslau, Russian jew Lottie Lehmann, German Rosa Reza, Italian
• 1:34:25
  Speaker 1: Jew Schumann, heink Austrian John Charles Thomas Welsh and Paul Robeson,
• 1:34:33
  Speaker 1: Jules Bledsoe, Marian Anderson, Roland Hayes, Nigroes art father of
• 1:34:43
  Speaker 1: American painting was Benjamin West. English Portraits of Washington, Adams, Jefferson,
• 1:34:50
  Speaker 1: and Madison by Charles Gilbert Stewart Scott Washington Crossing the
• 1:34:56
  Speaker 1: Delaware by Emmanuel Lutzey, German Famous Portraits by John Copley,
• 1:35:02
  Speaker 1: Irish Famous Etchings by Joseph Pennell. English, Irish Artist's Mother
• 1:35:09
  Speaker 1: by James McNeil Whistler, Scotch Irish Swing Low Sweet Chariot
• 1:35:15
  Speaker 1: by Malvin Johnson, Nigro Return of Prodigal Son by Henry Mosler,
• 1:35:22
  Speaker 1: German jew gast And Portraits by John S. Sargent. English
• 1:35:27
  Speaker 1: Italian Autumn Oakes by George Innis, Scott Conquerors, Building of
• 1:35:34
  Speaker 1: Panamal Canal by Joseph Lye, Norwegian Resurrection of Lazarus by
• 1:35:41
  Speaker 1: Henry O. Tanner, Nigro still life by Yasu Kuniyoshi, Japanese.
• 1:35:49
  Speaker 1: First modernist in America was Arthur Davies, Welsh corrupt tweed
• 1:35:55
  Speaker 1: Ring in New York City, smashed by cartoons of Thomas Nast,
• 1:35:59
  Speaker 1: German leader in landscape painting, Frederick Dettwiller, Swiss master of miniatures,
• 1:36:06
  Speaker 1: Malfi Hathelreus Dane Famous frescoes and National Capital by Brumidi,
• 1:36:13
  Speaker 1: Italian illustrator of folk tales and fairy stories Willie Pogany,
• 1:36:19
  Speaker 1: Hungarian journalistic cartoons by Harrison Fisher, Czech sculpture, Puritan Shaw
• 1:36:30
  Speaker 1: Memorial and other statues by sangardin Irish French memory and
• 1:36:35
  Speaker 1: Lincoln Statues by Daniel Chester. French English work on Stone Mountain,
• 1:36:41
  Speaker 1: Georgia and Mount Rushmore, South Dakota by Gutson Borglum Dane
• 1:36:48
  Speaker 1: Pioneer Mother at Kansas City by Femester Proctor, Canadian. The
• 1:36:54
  Speaker 1: Sewer on the Nebraska State Capital by Lee Lawry. German
• 1:36:59
  Speaker 1: statues of Indians by Ivan Mestrovich, Yugoslav McKinley Monument by
• 1:37:06
  Speaker 1: Haig Patigian Armenian Italian sculptors who helped adore national Capital
• 1:37:12
  Speaker 1: were Franzoni Bronze clock was a statue of Storia on
• 1:37:17
  Speaker 1: top Valpurti Emblematic Eagle Amtaeus Bronze Doores Galcici Statue of
• 1:37:26
  Speaker 1: Liberty proclaiming Peace, Trentanova Pere Marquette Statue Vincente Indian Chief.
• 1:37:35
  Speaker 1: Bishiki architecture skyscraper developed by Lewis Henry Sullivan Irish, French German.
• 1:37:46
  Speaker 1: Fanoya Hall, Boston designed by John Smilbert Scott villere Carret,
• 1:37:53
  Speaker 1: New Orleans, laid out by Adrian de Poger French. Foremost
• 1:37:58
  Speaker 1: architect in Stone was Henry Richardson English, Frank Lloyd Wright Welsh.
• 1:38:04
  Speaker 1: Harmonized buildings with surroundings Saint Patrick's Cathedral, New York City
• 1:38:09
  Speaker 1: built by Josip Savak. A Czech prominent naval architect is
• 1:38:14
  Speaker 1: William Hofgard Dane City planning by Eliel Sirinian Finn, Bertram
• 1:38:22
  Speaker 1: Goodhue Scott English, developed and refined Gothic in public buildings
• 1:38:28
  Speaker 1: Folger Library and Pan American Building in Washington by Paul Krett.
• 1:38:33
  Speaker 1: Belgian banks and office buildings by Stephen Forheas. Netherlander Church
• 1:38:40
  Speaker 1: architecture by Ralph Cram German and Charles McGuinness Irish. Motion pictures.
• 1:38:49
  Speaker 1: Outstanding motion picture stars Antonio Moreno, Spaniard, Louis Renier Austrian
• 1:38:57
  Speaker 1: Charles Lawton and Ronald Coleman, English, Francis Laterer, Czech Gene Herscheldt,
• 1:39:06
  Speaker 1: Dane Pola, Negri Pohl, Anna Sten Ukrainian, Laura la Plant
• 1:39:14
  Speaker 1: Yugoslav leading producers Meyer Laski, Warner, Russian Jews and Goldwyn
• 1:39:22
  Speaker 1: Polish Jew. Pioneers of industry were D. W. Griffith, Welsh,
• 1:39:28
  Speaker 1: Zuker and Fox, Hungarian Jews and Low German Jew. Technique
• 1:39:34
  Speaker 1: of cinematography modernized by Vorkopec Yugoslav theater. Pioneer of modern
• 1:39:44
  Speaker 1: American theater Augustin Dally. Irish Geniuses of the theatre include
• 1:39:49
  Speaker 1: Belasco Portuguese Jew, Frohmans Schuberts, Selwyn Warfield, Hammerstein German Jews
• 1:39:59
  Speaker 1: and Nasimova Russian Jew. John Drew, Irish, Richard Mansfield, Julia Marlowe, M.
• 1:40:08
  Speaker 1: Barrymore's English, Paul Robeson, Nigro, the magician, Houdini. Hungarian Journalism
• 1:40:20
  Speaker 1: New York Weekly Journal founded by Peter Zenger German in
• 1:40:23
  Speaker 1: seventeen thirty three. New York Tribune founded by Horace Greeley,
• 1:40:28
  Speaker 1: Scotch Irish publisher of Saint Louis Post Dispatch and New
• 1:40:34
  Speaker 1: York World was Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian jew first great newspaper
• 1:40:40
  Speaker 1: syndicate established by S. S. McClure, Irish magazine famous as
• 1:40:46
  Speaker 1: a militant muckraker, founded by P. F. Collier, Irish. First
• 1:40:51
  Speaker 1: modern newspaper, The New York Morning Herald, founded in eighteen
• 1:40:55
  Speaker 1: thirty five by James G. Bennett Scott. York Times founded
• 1:41:01
  Speaker 1: by Henry Raymond Scott and George Jones. Welsh chain of
• 1:41:06
  Speaker 1: newspapers founded by James Scripps. English chain of newspapers founded
• 1:41:12
  Speaker 1: by William Randolph Hurst Scotch, English editor of a ladies magazine,
• 1:41:18
  Speaker 1: Edward buck Netherlander. End of section Section twelve of Americans
• 1:41:32
  Speaker 1: All Immigrants All. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
• 1:41:37
  Speaker 1: recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
• 1:41:41
  Speaker 1: to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is
• 1:41:46
  Speaker 1: by Mark Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans all Immigrants
• 1:41:52
  Speaker 1: all by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Education.
• 1:41:58
  Speaker 1: Section twelve gifts to social progress and government. Declaration of
• 1:42:05
  Speaker 1: Independence written by Thomas Jefferson Welsh, signed by one Swede,
• 1:42:11
  Speaker 1: three Irish, four Scots, five Welsh, five Scotch Irish, thirty
• 1:42:17
  Speaker 1: eight English, with John Morton, Swede casting deciding ballot. The
• 1:42:23
  Speaker 1: thirteen colonies were christened the United States of America by
• 1:42:26
  Speaker 1: Thomas Paine English social welfare. Our first social reformer was
• 1:42:34
  Speaker 1: Robert Owen, Welsh. First one to make use of music
• 1:42:38
  Speaker 1: in social work was William van der Vaal, Netherlander, founder
• 1:42:43
  Speaker 1: of Red Cross, Clara Barton, English. Founder of Chicago's famous
• 1:42:49
  Speaker 1: Hull House was Jane Adams. English. Slums attacked by Jacob
• 1:42:54
  Speaker 1: Reus Dane in How Other Half Lives. Welfare Life Library
• 1:43:00
  Speaker 1: on Ellis Island, organized by Reverend John Queton, Latvian anti
• 1:43:06
  Speaker 1: saloonist and feminist Carrie Chapman cat English German Atlantis School
• 1:43:13
  Speaker 1: of Social Work directed by Forrester Washington, Nigro, Lillian Wald German,
• 1:43:20
  Speaker 1: jew a social welfare leader, famous home for Boys, Father Flanagan,
• 1:43:26
  Speaker 1: Irish government and politics. Two thirds of our presidents, including Washington,
• 1:43:35
  Speaker 1: are of English descent. Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover German,
• 1:43:41
  Speaker 1: Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt Netherlanders. Jefferson Madison, John Adams,
• 1:43:48
  Speaker 1: John Q. Adams, Harrison and Garfield Welsh, Monroe Hayes, Grant Wilson,
• 1:43:55
  Speaker 1: and McKinley Scott's. Among our leading statesmen were Hamilton Calhoun, Webster,
• 1:44:02
  Speaker 1: Jefferson Davis, Scotch Welsh, James Blaine, Chauncey Depew, Stephen Douglas,
• 1:44:10
  Speaker 1: Mainly Scott's Patrick Henry Scott English Welsh. Leading civil service
• 1:44:17
  Speaker 1: and teriff reformer was Carl Schurtz German Iron Puddler, who
• 1:44:22
  Speaker 1: became Secretary of Labour, James J. Davis, Welsh, First Governors
• 1:44:28
  Speaker 1: of Delaware, John McKinley, Georgia, John Houston Illinois, John Boyle Kansas,
• 1:44:37
  Speaker 1: James Denver Louisiana, William Claybourne All Irish Or Scotch, Irish,
• 1:44:45
  Speaker 1: President Governor of New York, h h. Lehman German Jew
• 1:44:49
  Speaker 1: of Illinois, Henry Horner German Jew, First Governor General of Florida, Bouquet, Swiss,
• 1:44:58
  Speaker 1: First President of the Republic of Techi, Sam Houston Scott
• 1:45:03
  Speaker 1: Tammany Society, founded in seventeen eighty nine by William Mooney,
• 1:45:07
  Speaker 1: Irish as protest against attempt of wealthy tories to prevent
• 1:45:11
  Speaker 1: soldiers and others from voting. First Secretary of Treasury under Jefferson.
• 1:45:17
  Speaker 1: Responsible for arranging Louisiana purchase was Albert Gallatin, Swiss. First
• 1:45:24
  Speaker 1: to fight for conservation of our forests was Carl Schurtz
• 1:45:28
  Speaker 1: German philanthropy. Astor Library now part of New York Library,
• 1:45:36
  Speaker 1: founded by John Jacob Astor German in eighteen forty eight.
• 1:45:41
  Speaker 1: Four thousand Nigro schools founded by Julius Rosenwald German Jew.
• 1:45:47
  Speaker 1: Chautauqua movement begun by Louis Miller German gifts during Panic
• 1:45:53
  Speaker 1: of the nineties, penny meals during World War food ships
• 1:45:57
  Speaker 1: to Palestine and milk fun by Nathan Strauss, Austrian Jew.
• 1:46:03
  Speaker 1: Forty two million dollar gift to General Education Board by
• 1:46:07
  Speaker 1: John D. Rockefeller. German libraries founded throughout United States by
• 1:46:13
  Speaker 1: Andrew Carnegie Scott Funds raised to bring Statue of Liberty
• 1:46:18
  Speaker 1: from France by Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian Jew Appreciation of arts
• 1:46:24
  Speaker 1: and literature stimulated by Edward Bach Netherlander Boy Scouts of
• 1:46:30
  Speaker 1: America helped by Jacob and Mortimer Schiff German Jews. Six
• 1:46:35
  Speaker 1: million dollars to Princeton University by H. C. Frick German.
• 1:46:41
  Speaker 1: Colgate University founded by William Colgate, English one hundred twenty
• 1:46:47
  Speaker 1: two thousand dollars to Fisk University by James Burris. Nigro
• 1:46:52
  Speaker 1: Foundations for Opportunities to study abroad and to promote well
• 1:46:56
  Speaker 1: Being of mankind established by Simon and Daniel Guggenheim. Swiss Jews.
• 1:47:04
  Speaker 1: Champions of human liberty protest against slavery by Pastorius German.
• 1:47:12
  Speaker 1: Author of Common Sense, The Crisis and Public Good was
• 1:47:17
  Speaker 1: Thomas Paine. English. Powerful leaders against slavery were John Russworm,
• 1:47:24
  Speaker 1: Benjamin Benneker, David Walker, Harriet Tubman, William Brown, William Still,
• 1:47:31
  Speaker 1: Samuel Ward, Frederick Douglas, Nigroes, Peter Zenger German defended by
• 1:47:38
  Speaker 1: Andrew Hamilton. Scott registered great triumph for freedom of press
• 1:47:43
  Speaker 1: when he won his fight against Governor Crosby of New York.
• 1:47:48
  Speaker 1: National Defense Minute Men roused by Paul Revere Huguenot Drewell.
• 1:47:55
  Speaker 1: Master of Continental Armies who helped to plan West Point
• 1:47:59
  Speaker 1: was Frederick von Steuben, German. Six hundred thousand dollars advanced
• 1:48:04
  Speaker 1: to Congress and subsidies negotiated from France and the Netherlands
• 1:48:08
  Speaker 1: by Hiam Solomon, Polish Jew. Father of American cavalry was
• 1:48:14
  Speaker 1: General Casimir Pulaski poll First to lose life in Revolutionary
• 1:48:20
  Speaker 1: War was crispus Attics Nigro. First commodore of navy was
• 1:48:25
  Speaker 1: John Berry, Irish naval hero John Paul Jones Scott. Five
• 1:48:32
  Speaker 1: million dollars contributed toward War of eighteen twelve by Stephen
• 1:48:36
  Speaker 1: Girard French. Famous privateer who abolished corporal punishment in the
• 1:48:42
  Speaker 1: navy was Uriah Levy, Jew British defeated on Lake Erie
• 1:48:48
  Speaker 1: by Captain Perry Scotch Irish Labour first president of American
• 1:48:56
  Speaker 1: Federation of Labour who improved living standards of work was
• 1:49:00
  Speaker 1: Samuel Gomper's English Jew leader of CIO, John L. Lewis,
• 1:49:07
  Speaker 1: Welsh organizer of coal miners, John Mitchell, Welsh president of
• 1:49:14
  Speaker 1: a f of L William Greene, English Welsh leader of
• 1:49:19
  Speaker 1: Amalgamated clothing Workers. Sidney Hillman, Lithuanian Jew. Religious work participating
• 1:49:29
  Speaker 1: in Washington's inaugural was Rabbi Siksis, Portuguese Jew. One of
• 1:49:35
  Speaker 1: our greatest clergymen, Jonathan Edwards, Welsh leader in welfare and
• 1:49:40
  Speaker 1: religious work, hughey Kin Chinese. First Protestant missionary to West
• 1:49:46
  Speaker 1: Indies was George Leal, former Negro slave professor of theology
• 1:49:52
  Speaker 1: at Hartford Seminary. N y Anigean Armenian authority on early
• 1:49:59
  Speaker 1: church history is Professor laplaina Albanian education first book on
• 1:50:08
  Speaker 1: pedagogy published in seventeen seventy by Christopher Duck German. Harvard
• 1:50:14
  Speaker 1: University named after John Harvard, English, Yale University by Elihu
• 1:50:21
  Speaker 1: Yale Welsh, William and Mary by James Blair, Scott Brown
• 1:50:27
  Speaker 1: University by Morgan Edwards and Samuel Jones Welsh. New York
• 1:50:33
  Speaker 1: University by Gallatin Swiss. Tuskegee Institute by Booker Washington, Nigro
• 1:50:41
  Speaker 1: world famed educator, William's College by E. Fhram Williams Welsh.
• 1:50:47
  Speaker 1: One of incorporators of Columbia University was Rabbi Sisos Portuguese
• 1:50:53
  Speaker 1: jew Hunter College by Thomas Hunter, Irish. Creighton University, Omaha
• 1:51:00
  Speaker 1: Law by Creighton Brothers, Irish. Princeton University founded by Scottish Presbyterians.
• 1:51:07
  Speaker 1: Bernard College founded by Annie Nathan Meyer. German jew Infant
• 1:51:13
  Speaker 1: School introduced in eighteen sixteen by Robert Owen Welsh. First
• 1:51:18
  Speaker 1: German kindergarten introduced in Wisconsin in eighteen fifty five by
• 1:51:23
  Speaker 1: wife of Carl Schertz, German A Primmer. First book produced
• 1:51:28
  Speaker 1: in Pennsylvania, written by Franz Pastorius, German, headmaster of first
• 1:51:33
  Speaker 1: school in Germantown. College of Journalism at Columbia University founded
• 1:51:39
  Speaker 1: by Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian jew School of Mines founded by
• 1:51:45
  Speaker 1: Adolph Lewison, German Jew. First English kindergarten founded in Boston
• 1:51:52
  Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty by Elizabeth Peabody. English. Father of modern
• 1:51:57
  Speaker 1: American education was Horace Mann. English. World famous orientalist P. K.
• 1:52:05
  Speaker 1: Hitty Syrian. One of foremost educators was Henry Suzzalo Yugoslav
• 1:52:13
  Speaker 1: Angelo patri Italian Council's parents and children. One of our
• 1:52:18
  Speaker 1: greatest economists was Thurstein Veblen, Norwegian law and order. First
• 1:52:27
  Speaker 1: Chief Justice of Supreme Court was John Jay French. Present
• 1:52:32
  Speaker 1: Chief Justice Charles Evan Hughes Welsh. One of the foremost
• 1:52:38
  Speaker 1: authorities on international law is Stephen Lattice. Greek Finn's worked
• 1:52:44
  Speaker 1: the iron ore fields of northern Minnesota. Netherlanders and Polls
• 1:52:49
  Speaker 1: developed woodworking trades of Michigan. Italians, Portuguese, Greeks and Swiss
• 1:52:55
  Speaker 1: have built up the grape and wine industry. Of California,
• 1:52:59
  Speaker 1: Greek candy makes, Mexicans and Japanese in beat fields of Colorado, Nebraska,
• 1:53:05
  Speaker 1: and California, Italians, Polls and Slavs in meatpacking, textile and
• 1:53:11
  Speaker 1: building industries. End of section Section thirteen of Americans All
• 1:53:26
  Speaker 1: Immigrants All. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings
• 1:53:32
  Speaker 1: are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer,
• 1:53:36
  Speaker 1: please visit LibriVox dot org. This recording is by Mark
• 1:53:41
  Speaker 1: Smith of Simpsonville, South Carolina. Americans All Immigrants All by
• 1:53:47
  Speaker 1: the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education,
• 1:53:52
  Speaker 1: Section thirteen. Dear Listener, April fifteenth, nineteen thirty nine. Dear Listener,
• 1:54:01
  Speaker 1: this booklet is presented in sincere appreciation of your interest
• 1:54:06
  Speaker 1: in Americans All Immigrants All Radio Series. I am deeply
• 1:54:12
  Speaker 1: grateful for your patients in the face of delay in
• 1:54:14
  Speaker 1: getting this booklet to you. When you read it, however,
• 1:54:18
  Speaker 1: I feel you will be repaid for no effort has
• 1:54:21
  Speaker 1: been spared in making it worthy of being read and
• 1:54:24
  Speaker 1: treasured as a permanent record of the Americans All Immigrants
• 1:54:28
  Speaker 1: All Radio series. Since the programs themselves could give you
• 1:54:33
  Speaker 1: only a general panorama of the many colorful and significant
• 1:54:38
  Speaker 1: contributions made by peoples of many races and lands to
• 1:54:42
  Speaker 1: the building of our nation. You will no doubt wish
• 1:54:45
  Speaker 1: to be in a position to investigate for yourself some
• 1:54:48
  Speaker 1: of the things which have impressed you as most interesting.
• 1:54:52
  Speaker 1: The suggested readings and sources for more material given in
• 1:54:56
  Speaker 1: the booklet and the special list should help you in
• 1:54:59
  Speaker 1: doing this. If this office can be of further service,
• 1:55:03
  Speaker 1: please feel free to call upon us as an enthusiastic
• 1:55:07
  Speaker 1: listener of Americans, all immigrants All. You will no doubt
• 1:55:11
  Speaker 1: be glad to learn that these radio programs have been
• 1:55:14
  Speaker 1: perpetuated in the form of recordings which can be used
• 1:55:17
  Speaker 1: on phonographs and on radio playback equipment. You may wish
• 1:55:22
  Speaker 1: to give this news to teachers, club leaders, and others
• 1:55:25
  Speaker 1: who would have a natural interest in promoting broader tolerance
• 1:55:29
  Speaker 1: through understanding. You may also wish to put into their
• 1:55:32
  Speaker 1: hands the enclosed reference list. Thanking you again for your
• 1:55:37
  Speaker 1: abiding interest, I am cordially yours J. W. Studebaker, Commissioner
• 1:55:44
  Speaker 1: of Education. This is the end of Americans, all Immigrants All.
• 1:55:52
  Speaker 1: Thank you for listening.