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24 - Suffragette The Militant Fight for Womens Voting Rights by E. Sylvia Pankhurst · Suffragette The Militant Fight for Womens Voting Rights

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  Speaker 1: Chapter twenty of The Suffragette The History of the Women's
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  Speaker 1: Militant Suffrage Movement by E. Sylvia Pankhurst. This LibriVox recording
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  Speaker 1: is in the public domain. Twenty July to September nineteen
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  Speaker 1: hundred nine. Mister Lloyd George at Limehouse, twelve women sent
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  Speaker 1: to prison, Another strike hunger Strikers in Exeter Jail, the
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  Speaker 1: scenes at Camford Park and Rushpool Hall. Missus Lee on
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  Speaker 1: the roof at Liverpool, Liverpool Hunger Strikers, Manchester Hunger Strikers,
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  Speaker 1: Leicester Hunger Strikers, Dundee hunger Strikers the Cleveland by election.
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  Speaker 1: The vindictive attitude of the government and the sufferings and
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  Speaker 1: heroism of the women in prison spurred on their comrades
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  Speaker 1: outside to deeds of renewed bravery and daring. Everywhere, vast
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  Speaker 1: throngs of people supported the suffragettes in their protests, and
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  Speaker 1: no precautions, however great, or barricades, however high and strong,
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  Speaker 1: could keep the woman's voices out. Shame on you, mister
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  Speaker 1: asked with they cried, as he was unveiling a statue
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  Speaker 1: in the embankment gardens. Shame on you for putting women
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  Speaker 1: in dark cells, instead of treating them as political prisoners.
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  Speaker 1: Why don't you give us the vote and end it?
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  Speaker 1: Ladies and gentlemen thoughtlessly began mister Gladstone at a reading
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  Speaker 1: meeting from which all women had been excluded, And when
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  Speaker 1: there were shouts of where are they? He answered not
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  Speaker 1: far off anyway. He was right, for soon their speeches,
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  Speaker 1: delivered at a meeting in the street outside, were to
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  Speaker 1: be heard within, competing dangerously with his own. When on
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  Speaker 1: July fifteenth, mister Lewis Harcourt was speaking at the co
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  Speaker 1: Operative Hall, Lee, Lancashire, these suffragettes rushed towards the doors.
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  Speaker 1: Thousands of people cheered them on, crying we will help
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  Speaker 1: you to get inside. And though the police arrested Miss
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  Speaker 1: Florence Clarkson of Manchester, Missus Bains and three other women,
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  Speaker 1: all but the first were rescued by the crowd. On
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  Speaker 1: July seventeenth, Adela panne Kurst held a great meeting outside
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  Speaker 1: mister Winston Churchill's meeting in Edinburgh, and afterwards, amid the
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  Speaker 1: enthusiastic plaudits of the crowd, she and Bessie Brand made
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  Speaker 1: a dash for the doors, followed and supported by hundreds
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  Speaker 1: of men and women Note thirty seven. They were arrested
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  Speaker 1: by detectives in playing clothes and taken to the police station,
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  Speaker 1: whilst cheering men raise their hats and women waved their
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  Speaker 1: scarves and handkerchiefs. A second charge, led by Miss Eckford
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  Speaker 1: of Edinburgh, was beaten back by mounted police, and when
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  Speaker 1: mister Churchill emerged he was greeted with a storm of groans.
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  Speaker 1: Those who had been arrested were released after the meeting.
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  Speaker 1: Numbers of men, most of them members of the Men's
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  Speaker 1: Political Union, were now also coming forward to demand justice
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  Speaker 1: for women at the meetings from which the women were excluded.
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  Speaker 1: If they had gone there to heckle cabinet ministers on
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  Speaker 1: any other question, nothing very much would have happened. But
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  Speaker 1: now most terrible violence was turned upon them. At mister
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  Speaker 1: Herbert Samuel's meeting in the corn Exchange, Bedford, on the
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  Speaker 1: twenty second in July, four men undertook to make the protest.
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  Speaker 1: At the first sound of the word women, two whole
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  Speaker 1: rows of seats were overturned, and the interrupter was immediately
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  Speaker 1: rushed out, whilst mister Samuel remarked with a sneer that
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  Speaker 1: he was interested to meet a suffragist of the male persuasion,
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  Speaker 1: but that he suspected the interrupter of being a conservative hirling.
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  Speaker 1: The second man rose up and cried, I am a
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  Speaker 1: liberal and I protest. But the stewards at once set
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  Speaker 1: upon him, and he was thrown through a door at
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  Speaker 1: the back of the platform and fell some six or
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  Speaker 1: seven feet to the ground floor, where he lay insensible
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  Speaker 1: for nearly half an hour. Two other men, one of
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  Speaker 1: them a retired naval officer, met with a similar fate.
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  Speaker 1: At the same time, four of the women who were
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  Speaker 1: holding a meeting outside the hall were arrested and kept
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  Speaker 1: at the police station until mister Samuel had left the town.
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  Speaker 1: When the same cabinet minister spoke at Nottingham, the police
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  Speaker 1: again arrested and subsequently released four women, one of whom
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  Speaker 1: was Miss Watts, the daughter of a well known local clergyman.
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  Speaker 1: A like procedure was adopted in numberless cases afterwards. Inside
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  Speaker 1: the hall, an unexpected protest was made by mister C. L. Rothra,
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  Speaker 1: the city coroner for Nottingham and a prominent liberal. But
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  Speaker 1: in spite of the fact that he was one of
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  Speaker 1: the most familiar and respected figures in the town, he
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  Speaker 1: narrowly escaped ejection. At Northampton, mister Samuel again encountered the
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  Speaker 1: women for a plucky little band, led by Miss Marie Brackenberry,
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  Speaker 1: attempted to rush the strong iron gates of the hall.
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  Speaker 1: They were flung back by the police, but nothing daunted.
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  Speaker 1: Miss Brackenberry climbed to the top of a forty foot
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  Speaker 1: scaffolding adjoining the exchange, and though the rain poured, continuously
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  Speaker 1: addressed the crowd from that great height. But the most
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  Speaker 1: extraordinary scenes were perhaps those that took place when mister
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  Speaker 1: Lloyd George and mister Sidney Buxton spoke at Limehouse on
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  Speaker 1: July thirtieth. Some twenty men were there, determined to see
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  Speaker 1: that the women's caw should not be overlooked. And as
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  Speaker 1: soon as the singing of for He is a jolly
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  Speaker 1: good Fellow, which heralded mister Lloyd George's appearance on the platform,
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  Speaker 1: had died away, a man was seen climbing up one
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  Speaker 1: of the pillars at the back of the hall. Having
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  Speaker 1: mounted some fifteen feet from the ground, he uncoiled a
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  Speaker 1: rope from around his waist, contriving a sort of swing
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  Speaker 1: seat for himself and unfurling a purple, white and green
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  Speaker 1: flag hung there above the meeting. Numbers of stewards at
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  Speaker 1: once rushed from every direction to haul him down, but
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  Speaker 1: more than a dozen of his friends had already gathered
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  Speaker 1: around the pillar. Instead of beginning their speeches, the cabinet
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  Speaker 1: minister sat whispering together. Then one of them went across
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  Speaker 1: to missus Lloyd George and a companion, and immediately these two,
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  Speaker 1: the only women present, left the meeting and the struggle began.
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  Speaker 1: Gradually the defenders of the pillar were wrenched from their posts.
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  Speaker 1: An eye witness declared that he saw one man frog
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  Speaker 1: marched out by half a dozen stewards between two rows
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  Speaker 1: of infuriated blackguards, who were raining blows with their fists
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  Speaker 1: on his defenseless face. A gentleman, quite unconnected with the
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  Speaker 1: Suffragett's men, who had taken no part in the struggle,
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  Speaker 1: protested against this excessive and cowardly violence, but was at
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  Speaker 1: once set upon and himself flung outside. One man home
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  Speaker 1: from the colonies had his shoulder fractured, another had one
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  Speaker 1: wrist broken and the other sprained. Another received black eyes
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  Speaker 1: and a broken nose, whilst a Cambridge undergraduate had his
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  Speaker 1: collar bone broken, and a dozen other men needed medical attendants,
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  Speaker 1: one fainting through loss of blood some time after he
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  Speaker 1: had been ejected. At last the stewards reached the pillar,
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  Speaker 1: The rope was cut, and the man aloft with the
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  Speaker 1: flag was hauled down and set upon by the mob
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  Speaker 1: of stewards, who tumbled over each other in the attempt
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  Speaker 1: to kick and strike at him. One man deliberately hit
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  Speaker 1: him over the face with a glass bottle. When finally
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  Speaker 1: he was thrown outside, the police carried him to a doctor.
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  Speaker 1: Now the cabinet ministers proceeded with their speeches, But when
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  Speaker 1: mister Lloyd George began to speak of the people's will,
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  Speaker 1: there came a megaphone chorus from a little workman's dwelling
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  Speaker 1: close to the hall where the suffragettes were lying, conceal
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  Speaker 1: votes for women, votes for women, votes for women. The
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  Speaker 1: stewards rushed to the windows on that side of the
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  Speaker 1: hall and shut them hurriedly, but the sound penetrated still,
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  Speaker 1: for the people of the neighborhood joined in and supported
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  Speaker 1: the megaphones with cheers and cries of stick to it,
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  Speaker 1: miss stick to it. Even this was not all, for
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  Speaker 1: a desperate charge was being led against the police corden
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  Speaker 1: that guarded the doors of the hall, and in this
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  Speaker 1: struggle thirteen women were placed under arrest. These women were
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  Speaker 1: summoned to appear before mister Dickinson at the Thames Police
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  Speaker 1: Court on the following morning, when they were charged with obstruction,
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  Speaker 1: and as a result twelve of them were taken on
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  Speaker 1: to Holloway for terms varying from ten days to two months.
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  Speaker 1: They were all determined to protest, as those who had
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  Speaker 1: gone before them had done, against the prison treatment, and
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  Speaker 1: when ordered to undress and to proceed to the cells,
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  Speaker 1: they refused, and, linking arms, stood with their backs to
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  Speaker 1: the wall. The Governor then blew his whistle and a
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  Speaker 1: great crowd of war ordosses appeared. They fell upon the women, and,
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  Speaker 1: after a long struggle, dragged them apart, forced them into
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  Speaker 1: the cells, and ordered them to change into prison clothes.
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  Speaker 1: Worn out as they now were, with vain resistance, they
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  Speaker 1: still bravely refused to give in, and their clothes were
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  Speaker 1: literally torn from their backs. Who would not shrink from
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  Speaker 1: such an ordeal? Who would not rather huddle quietly into
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  Speaker 1: the prison clothes, however ill fitting, coarse and objectionable, they
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  Speaker 1: might be than be subjected to such a thing as this,
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  Speaker 1: well knowing that whatever happened, one must be overpowered in
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  Speaker 1: the end. And these women did shrink from the ordeal,
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  Speaker 1: but bore it for all their shrinking. A long file
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  Speaker 1: of forrdresses fairly ripped my clothes off, leaving me only
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  Speaker 1: half covered, says Lucy Burns. I counted twelve wardresses in
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  Speaker 1: my cell. They tried to taunt and goad me, says
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  Speaker 1: Mabel Capper, But I bit my lips when the prison
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  Speaker 1: clothes had been forced onto them, or they had been
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  Speaker 1: left half covered, with the garments lying beside them, to
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  Speaker 1: put them on as best they might. Even then they
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  Speaker 1: went on bravely with their protest. The ventilation of the
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  Speaker 1: cells was inadequate. It was their duty to break the panes,
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  Speaker 1: and though they well knew that as a consequence they
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  Speaker 1: would be taken where the want of air was even greater,
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  Speaker 1: and where they could not break the glass, not one
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  Speaker 1: of the twelve shrank back. The windows were scarcely broken.
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  Speaker 1: When vengeance followed, they were dragged away to the punishment cells,
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  Speaker 1: and in these unwholesome dungeons they carried out the hunger strike.
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  Speaker 1: Some of them under conditions even worse than those borne
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  Speaker 1: by their previously imprisoned comrades. In some of the punishment cells,
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  Speaker 1: including that of Missus Lee, a sanitary convenience in appearance
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  Speaker 1: exactly like an ordinary closet without a lid, was fixed
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  Speaker 1: against the wall. There was no water supply for keeping
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  Speaker 1: this clear, the inner vessel being withdrawn through the wall
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  Speaker 1: from the corridor outside when it required emptying. When it
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  Speaker 1: is realized that the prisoner remained in the cell both
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  Speaker 1: night and day without a moment's intermission, and that the
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  Speaker 1: ventilation was in any case absolentce lutely inadequate, the objectionable
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  Speaker 1: character of this arrangement will be clearly understood. When the
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  Speaker 1: matter was made public and commented upon afterwards, Mister Gladstone
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  Speaker 1: stated that this closet was only put there in case
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  Speaker 1: of emergency, and that in every case the prisoner would
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  Speaker 1: be readily allowed to go to the w C in
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  Speaker 1: the corridor on ringing her bell. Unfortunately, none of the
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  Speaker 1: suffragettes who had been placed in the cells in which
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  Speaker 1: these closets were had tested the matter, but those who
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  Speaker 1: are familiar with the Holloway regime will for various reasons
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  Speaker 1: doubt the truth of this statement, though mister Gladstone probably
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  Speaker 1: believed it. When a prisoner is told that she will
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  Speaker 1: not be allowed to leave her cell at all for
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  Speaker 1: several days, and instead of being sent each morning to
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  Speaker 1: fetch her own washing water as is usual, she has
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  Speaker 1: it brought to her by a wardress. When at the
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  Speaker 1: same time she finds a sanitary convenience in her cell,
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  Speaker 1: and the usual cry of lavatory is omitted, she naturally
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  Speaker 1: concludes that the receptacle is there for her use, and
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  Speaker 1: that she will not be permitted to use any other.
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  Speaker 1: Anyone who has asked questions in Holloway, where questions are discouraged,
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  Speaker 1: knows that, especially if the prisoner were under punishment, questions
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  Speaker 1: upon this point would probably not receive either polite or
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  Speaker 1: pleasant replies. For two nights, Missus Baker and Missus Lee
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  Speaker 1: were denied even a mattress and were obliged to sleep
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  Speaker 1: on the hard wooden plank. The long sleepless nights were
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  Speaker 1: for all the prisoners the hardest part of the trial.
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  Speaker 1: As they grew weaker, their minds, as happens to people
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  Speaker 1: during illness, were often failed with strange fancies which could
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  Speaker 1: only with difficulty be subdued. They feared that they might
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  Speaker 1: walk in their sleep and eat the food which was
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  Speaker 1: always left in their cells during the night. Threats to
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  Speaker 1: feed them forcibly were constantly being made, and the horror
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  Speaker 1: of being suddenly overpowered was always upon them. Lucy Byrne
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  Speaker 1: tells how once in the night she heard a sudden
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  Speaker 1: scream that cannot be one of our women. She thought,
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  Speaker 1: it is too incoherent, But holding her breath, she listened
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  Speaker 1: with quickly beating heart. The cry came again and again,
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  Speaker 1: and at last she heard, quite plainly, no, No, take
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  Speaker 1: it away. Then she leaped from her bed and stood
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  Speaker 1: at the door hour after hour, waiting for what might come,
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  Speaker 1: until at last, worn out and stiff with cold, she
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  Speaker 1: wrapped herself in her blanket and fell asleep with her
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  Speaker 1: head against the door. Saturday evening Sunday Monday Tuesday passed.
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  Speaker 1: On Wednesday, the visiting magistrates came round. The prisoners whom
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  Speaker 1: they had come to punish were now all weakned, haggard,
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  Speaker 1: and some were unable to rise from their beds. Nevertheless,
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  Speaker 1: further sentences of close confinement in the punishment cells, which
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  Speaker 1: they had never yet left, were passed. Upon them all,
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  Speaker 1: but the authorities dared not attempt to carry out these sentences.
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  Speaker 1: The chances of life and death had become too evenly
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  Speaker 1: balanced now, and Missus Baker and Missus Lee were set
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  Speaker 1: free that evening, and the remainder of the women on
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  Speaker 1: Thursday and Friday, August fifth and sixth. Meanwhile, three young suffragettes,
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  Speaker 1: Vera Wentworth, Mary Phillips and Rose Howie, had gone through
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  Speaker 1: the hunger strike in Exeter, having been arrested in that
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  Speaker 1: town on Friday, July thirtieth, whilst leading a crowd of
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  Speaker 1: two thousand people to the doors of Lord Carrington's budget
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  Speaker 1: meeting in the Victoria Hall. There. Their arrest had excited
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  Speaker 1: great popular indignation, and with shouts of let them go,
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  Speaker 1: you cowards, the people had rushed to their rescue, but
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  Speaker 1: the soldiery had been called out to beat them back.
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  Speaker 1: Suffering born for a cause begets sympathy with that cause,
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  Speaker 1: and coercion arouses sympathy with the courst. Nevertheless, tyranny and
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  Speaker 1: cruelty beget their Like a crowd, however, hostile will hesitate
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  Speaker 1: to throw the first tone, but when that has been flung,
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  Speaker 1: many missiles will often follow. Thus, when it was shown that,
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  Speaker 1: rather than do them justice, the government was prepared to
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  Speaker 1: thrust women into unwholesome dungeons and to leave them to
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  Speaker 1: starve there for many days. A more brutal and vindictive
• 13:47
  Speaker 1: temper began to manifest itself amongst the more disorderly sections
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  Speaker 1: of its supporters than had ever before been shown. On
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  Speaker 1: August second, a great Liberal fete was held at Camford Park,
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  Speaker 1: near Poole in Dorset. There were sports and games, and
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  Speaker 1: mister Churchill was to deliver an address on the budget.
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  Speaker 1: Annie Kenny, with three companions, attended the fact, and the
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  Speaker 1: story of what took place is best told in her
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  Speaker 1: own words. She says, as we entered the park together,
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  Speaker 1: we saw two very young girls being dragged about by
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  Speaker 1: a crowd of Liberal men, some of whom were old
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  Speaker 1: enough to be their fathers. They had thrown a pig
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  Speaker 1: net over them and had pulled down their hair. We
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  Speaker 1: heard afterwards that these girls came from a village near by,
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  Speaker 1: but the Liberals suspected them to be suffragettes and ordered
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  Speaker 1: them out of the park before Miss Brackenberry and I
• 14:36
  Speaker 1: had been in the place many minutes, though we had
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  Speaker 1: never opened our lips we were followed by a howling
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  Speaker 1: mob of liberal men. We thought we would get away
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  Speaker 1: from them if we went and watched the sports instead
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  Speaker 1: of going direct to mister Churchill's meeting. But they crowded
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  Speaker 1: round us, and the language they used is not fit
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  Speaker 1: for print. After a time, a police officer came up
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  Speaker 1: and told us that we must clear out of the place,
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  Speaker 1: as we were causing all the trouble, though we had
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  Speaker 1: no never replied back to anything that had been said.
• 15:03
  Speaker 1: As soon as the crowd saw the police were against us,
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  Speaker 1: the trouble began. There seemed to be thousands of them
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  Speaker 1: surging around us, and they divided Miss Brackenbury and myself,
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  Speaker 1: which he tried to keep me in view as much
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  Speaker 1: as she could. They did not seem to want to
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  Speaker 1: do anything to her, because she looked strong and big,
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  Speaker 1: but they all came and attacked me. They were calling
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  Speaker 1: out to each other to get hold of me and
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  Speaker 1: throw me into the pond, which was very near. I
• 15:28
  Speaker 1: shall never forget at this point seeing a carriage in
• 15:31
  Speaker 1: which were two old ladies come driving up. The carriage
• 15:34
  Speaker 1: was almost turned over, and the two women were white
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  Speaker 1: with fright and breathing very quickly, but though I appealed
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  Speaker 1: to the men on behalf of the two ladies, they
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  Speaker 1: took no notice. Luckily, the crowd just swerved round the corner,
• 15:45
  Speaker 1: and I considered the lives of the two women were saved,
• 15:48
  Speaker 1: not through good management or through any feeling on the
• 15:50
  Speaker 1: part of the liberals, but it was just a piece
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  Speaker 1: of luck. After that, they seemed to become more enraged.
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  Speaker 1: I then turned and faced the crowd, and strange to say,
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  Speaker 1: when I could turn round and face them. They never
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  Speaker 1: attempted to do anything to me, but as soon as
• 16:05
  Speaker 1: my back was turned they started dragging me about in
• 16:07
  Speaker 1: a most shameful way. One man, who was wearing the
• 16:11
  Speaker 1: liberal colors, pulled a knife out of his pocket, and,
• 16:13
  Speaker 1: to the delight of the other staunch liberals, started cutting
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  Speaker 1: my coat. They cut it into shreds, right from the
• 16:19
  Speaker 1: neck downwards. Then they lifted up my coat and started
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  Speaker 1: to cut my frock, and one of them lifted up
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  Speaker 1: my frock and cut my petticoat this caused great excitement.
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  Speaker 1: A cry came from those liberals who are supposed to
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  Speaker 1: have high ideas in public life. To undress me. They
• 16:36
  Speaker 1: took off my hat and pulled down my hair, but
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  Speaker 1: I turned round upon them and said that it would
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  Speaker 1: be their shame and not mine. They stopped then for
• 16:44
  Speaker 1: a minute, and then two men, also wearing the liberal colors,
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  Speaker 1: got hold of me and lifted me up, and afterwards
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  Speaker 1: dragged me along, not giving me an opportunity to walk
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  Speaker 1: out in a decent way. So they dragged her out,
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  Speaker 1: the little fragile woman, with her torn garments and her
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  Speaker 1: masses of golden hair falling below her waist, her sensitive
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  Speaker 1: face flushed and her blue eyes wide with pain and horror.
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  Speaker 1: They dragged her close past the house of the great
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  Speaker 1: Winborne family, who owned Canford Park. But though the guests
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  Speaker 1: and members of the family who were watching from the
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  Speaker 1: balcony and from the lawn in front, were appealed to
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  Speaker 1: by others, they made no attempt to intervene, and saw
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  Speaker 1: the great gates opened and the little ragged, exhausted figure
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  Speaker 1: with her streaming hair, thrust outside, well knowing that the
• 17:28
  Speaker 1: nearest railway station was more than three miles away. Truly
• 17:33
  Speaker 1: it needed some courage to face things like this for
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: the sake of any cause, and this was not an
• 17:38
  Speaker 1: isolated happening. On August eighth, Miss Helen Tawson had a
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: similar experience at Rushpool Hall, Saltburn by the Sea. This
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: is her own description. The day was beautiful and the
• 17:51
  Speaker 1: private grounds in which mister Churchill and mister Samuel were
• 17:54
  Speaker 1: to speak were thronged with a great crowd of their supporters,
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: a large number of whom were miners. About ten of
• 18:01
  Speaker 1: us had obtained admission in one way or another, and
• 18:03
  Speaker 1: had stationed ourselves at different points. As each woman spoke,
• 18:08
  Speaker 1: there was a great roar from the crowd, who nearly
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: all left the speaker to follow and ill treat her
• 18:12
  Speaker 1: as she was being taken out. When my own turn came,
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: I started to ask a question, but was stopped by
• 18:19
  Speaker 1: the hand of a liberal steward, which was thrust into
• 18:21
  Speaker 1: my mouth. The next thing I remember is two stewards
• 18:25
  Speaker 1: holding my arms, and a third coming up and deliberately
• 18:28
  Speaker 1: kicking me in the body. This was a sign to
• 18:31
  Speaker 1: the crowd to do what they liked with me, and
• 18:33
  Speaker 1: they thrust me forward with cries of throw her in
• 18:36
  Speaker 1: the pond. They dragged me to a steep bank above
• 18:39
  Speaker 1: the pond, and hear three men, seeing that my hold
• 18:42
  Speaker 1: upon a small tree was giving way, tried to help me.
• 18:46
  Speaker 1: Nothing of what happened during the next ten minutes is
• 18:48
  Speaker 1: at all clear in my memory. I was often full
• 18:51
  Speaker 1: length on the ground, and I know I was bruised
• 18:53
  Speaker 1: from head to foot. The crowd abated their efforts to
• 18:56
  Speaker 1: trample me under foot, when the word was past that
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: the police were at last cut. When I was pulled
• 19:01
  Speaker 1: up the bank again, I found that my skirt and
• 19:04
  Speaker 1: underclothing had been nearly torn off. A Miss Delay, daughter
• 19:08
  Speaker 1: of Doctor Delay of Cottam, a guest at Rushbool Hall,
• 19:11
  Speaker 1: quite unconnected with the Suffragette, was set upon by one
• 19:14
  Speaker 1: man who pushed her into some bushes and blew tobacco
• 19:16
  Speaker 1: smoke into her face. She afterwards brought an action for
• 19:20
  Speaker 1: assault against her assailant, and he was fined three pounds.
• 19:23
  Speaker 1: His defense was that she had cried cowards to those
• 19:26
  Speaker 1: who were ejecting the Suffragettes, and had thus angered the crowd,
• 19:30
  Speaker 1: so that if he had not seized her, she would
• 19:32
  Speaker 1: probably have been swept into a pond. On August twentieth,
• 19:36
  Speaker 1: when Lord Crue spoke at the Great Saint Andrews Hall, Glasgow,
• 19:40
  Speaker 1: Miss Alice Fall succeeded in climbing to the roof and
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: in the hope of being able to speak to the
• 19:44
  Speaker 1: Cabinet Minister. From this point, she lay there concealed for
• 19:47
  Speaker 1: many hours, in spite of a downpour of rain. When
• 19:51
  Speaker 1: she was discovered and forced to descend, she was heartily
• 19:54
  Speaker 1: cheered for her pluck by a crowd of workmen, one
• 19:56
  Speaker 1: of whom came forward and apologized for having told a
• 19:58
  Speaker 1: policeman of her presence, saying that he had thought she
• 20:01
  Speaker 1: was in need of help. Later, when the women attempted
• 20:05
  Speaker 1: to force their way into the building, the people needed
• 20:07
  Speaker 1: no urging to lend their aid, and the police who
• 20:10
  Speaker 1: were guarding the entrance were obliged to use their truncheons
• 20:12
  Speaker 1: to beat them back. When the officers of the law
• 20:15
  Speaker 1: attempted to make arrests, the women were rescued from their
• 20:18
  Speaker 1: clutches again and again. Eventually, Adela Pankhurst, Lucy Burns, Alice
• 20:23
  Speaker 1: Paul and Margaret Smith were taken into custody. But even
• 20:26
  Speaker 1: when the gates of the police station were closed upon them,
• 20:29
  Speaker 1: the authorities feared that they would not be able to
• 20:32
  Speaker 1: hold their prisoners, for the crowds shouted vociferously for their
• 20:35
  Speaker 1: release and twisted the strong iron gates. It was only
• 20:39
  Speaker 1: when the women themselves appealed to them that they consented
• 20:42
  Speaker 1: to refrain from further violence. When Lord Crewe had safely
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: left the town, the friends of the women were allowed
• 20:48
  Speaker 1: to bail them out on the understanding that they would
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: appear at the police court at nine o'clock the following morning. Nevertheless,
• 20:55
  Speaker 1: though they arrived before the appointed time, there was no
• 20:58
  Speaker 1: one to show them the court room, and whilst they
• 21:00
  Speaker 1: wandered about in the passages trying to find their way,
• 21:03
  Speaker 1: their case was disposed of behind locked doors, and with
• 21:06
  Speaker 1: the public excluded, the bail was as cheated and a
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: warrant was issued for their arrest before five minutes past nine.
• 21:14
  Speaker 1: At this mister Thomas Kerr, one of the bailies, rose
• 21:17
  Speaker 1: to protest and asked two minutes leave to find the
• 21:19
  Speaker 1: defaulting prisoners, saying that he was sure they were already
• 21:22
  Speaker 1: in the building, But he was abruptly told that the
• 21:25
  Speaker 1: court was closed. He went outside and immediately met the
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: ladies and brought them in before Bailey Hunter, who presided,
• 21:32
  Speaker 1: had left the bench. But though the bailies saw them,
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: he hurried away, whilst the fiscal tried to put all
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: the blame upon him. Note thirty eight. The bail was
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: never refunded, and the women never answered to the warrants,
• 21:44
  Speaker 1: and so the matter dropped. The same Friday, August twentieth,
• 21:49
  Speaker 1: on which Lord Crewe had spoken at Glasgow, mister Haldane,
• 21:52
  Speaker 1: the Secretary of State for War, was addressing a meeting
• 21:55
  Speaker 1: at Liverpool, and missus Lee, who was in command of
• 21:58
  Speaker 1: the Suffragette army there, had organized her forces in such
• 22:00
  Speaker 1: a way as to give an effective reply to his
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: jeering reference to what he described as the Botkin tactics.
• 22:07
  Speaker 1: Early in the day, she and a number of others
• 22:09
  Speaker 1: had taken up their quarters in an empty house, separated
• 22:12
  Speaker 1: from the hall by a narrow passage. Only when the
• 22:15
  Speaker 1: meeting began she clambered through the window and swung herself
• 22:19
  Speaker 1: on to the roof with a most extraordinary agility, at
• 22:22
  Speaker 1: so great a height and with so slender a foothold
• 22:25
  Speaker 1: that observers were thrilled with horror. A loud, clear woman's
• 22:29
  Speaker 1: voice calling attention to the woman's demand through a megaphone,
• 22:33
  Speaker 1: and then crash after crash. That was what the people
• 22:36
  Speaker 1: in the hall knew of the scene. Whilst outside, great
• 22:38
  Speaker 1: crowds were surging, and those who looked up could see
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: what the Liverpool Courier called the frail figure of a
• 22:44
  Speaker 1: little woman peeping out from behind a chimney stack, who,
• 22:47
  Speaker 1: as her comrades at the windows passed ammunition up to her,
• 22:50
  Speaker 1: hurled it on to the roof of the hall with
• 22:52
  Speaker 1: a dexterity which was nothing short of marvelous. When everything
• 22:57
  Speaker 1: that they had brought with them had been exhausted, she
• 22:59
  Speaker 1: tore the slates up from the roof and flung them
• 23:02
  Speaker 1: after the rest. The police rushed to the scene and
• 23:06
  Speaker 1: pressed a passing window cleaner into the service, but his
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: ladder was too short and the fire escape had to
• 23:10
  Speaker 1: be sent for before missus Lee could be brought down.
• 23:14
  Speaker 1: Then she and her six comrades were driven away in
• 23:17
  Speaker 1: black Maria to the Central Bridewell, and, having been allowed
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: out on bail at a late hour, were brought up
• 23:22
  Speaker 1: the following morning at the Liverpool Police Court charged with
• 23:25
  Speaker 1: doing willful damage to the Sun Hall. They were remanded
• 23:29
  Speaker 1: until the following Tuesday, August twenty fourth, but refused to
• 23:33
  Speaker 1: find bail and were detained in prison, where on being
• 23:35
  Speaker 1: expected to conform to the ordinary rules, they began the
• 23:38
  Speaker 1: hunger strike and were placed in the punishment cells. They
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: had already fasted three and a half days when their
• 23:44
  Speaker 1: trial took place. It was stated in the court that
• 23:47
  Speaker 1: no one had been hurt by their action on the
• 23:49
  Speaker 1: night of the sun Hall meeting, but that damage had
• 23:52
  Speaker 1: been done to the extent of three pounds nineteen shillings.
• 23:55
  Speaker 1: Sentences of from one to two months imprisonment in the
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: second division having been passed upon them. They were taken
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: back to the punishment cells, where, owing to the cold
• 24:04
  Speaker 1: and damp, many of them were stricken with shivering fits.
• 24:07
  Speaker 1: The order of release came for Miss Heelis on the
• 24:10
  Speaker 1: following day and for the six others on Thursday evening.
• 24:14
  Speaker 1: During the summer months, mister Asquith had been golfing at
• 24:17
  Speaker 1: cloverly In. Three of the younger Suffragettes, girls of between
• 24:20
  Speaker 1: twenty and twenty five, had approached him in the midst
• 24:22
  Speaker 1: of his game and had told him pretty forcibly what
• 24:24
  Speaker 1: they thought of him and his government. On the first
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: Saturday in September, these same girls, Jesse Kenny, Vera Wentworth
• 24:32
  Speaker 1: and Elsie Howie, visited little Stone on Sea, where mister
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: Asquith and mister Gladstone were playing golf together. They caught
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: sight of mister Asquith as he was leaving the clubhouse,
• 24:42
  Speaker 1: and Elsie Howie made a dash towards him. He tried
• 24:45
  Speaker 1: to run back into the house, but was caught just
• 24:47
  Speaker 1: as he reached the topmost step. As soon as he
• 24:51
  Speaker 1: felt the girl's touch on his arm, he cried out,
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: I shall have you locked up, but she replied I
• 24:57
  Speaker 1: don't care what you do, mister Asquith, and as Jesse
• 24:59
  Speaker 1: and Veria also appeared, he called for help and mister
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: Herbert Gladstone came to his aid. The two men tried
• 25:07
  Speaker 1: to push the three girls down the steps, but this
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: was not easily accomplished. As Jesse said, there were blows
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: received from both parties and plenty of jostling. Mister Gladstone
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: fought like a prize fighter and struck out left and right.
• 25:20
  Speaker 1: I must say he is a better fighter than he
• 25:22
  Speaker 1: is a politician. These suffragettes have often been called hooligans,
• 25:27
  Speaker 1: but the two cabinet ministers certainly showed that they too
• 25:29
  Speaker 1: could be hooligans. When no one was looking. At last,
• 25:33
  Speaker 1: two other men came to reinforce the cabinet ministers, and
• 25:36
  Speaker 1: the girls were all three knocked down in a heap.
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: The two ministers then made good their escape, and mister
• 25:43
  Speaker 1: Gladstone motored to Hide Police station and arranged with the
• 25:46
  Speaker 1: Superintendent of the County Police for a body of constables
• 25:49
  Speaker 1: to be sent to guard Limpny Castle, where he was staying.
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: Of course, the suffragettes were severely condemned for having annoyed
• 25:56
  Speaker 1: the cabinet ministers on their holiday, and the escapade of
• 25:59
  Speaker 1: these three girls was described as an outrage, but nevertheless
• 26:03
  Speaker 1: many jokes were made on the subject. At mister Asquith's expense.
• 26:07
  Speaker 1: Several detailed accounts of his playing golf with an escort
• 26:10
  Speaker 1: of upwards of six policemen, some of which he took
• 26:13
  Speaker 1: the trouble to deny, appeared in the press. On Saturday
• 26:18
  Speaker 1: September fourth, whilst mister Asquith was being waylaid at Lympney,
• 26:22
  Speaker 1: scenes in which there was a curious mingling of grave
• 26:25
  Speaker 1: and gay were taking place in Manchester, where mister Burrell
• 26:28
  Speaker 1: was addressing a budget demonstration at the White City. The
• 26:31
  Speaker 1: platform from which he was to speak and all the
• 26:33
  Speaker 1: neighboring roofs had been carefully searched for suffragettes, and with
• 26:37
  Speaker 1: two hundred stewards and fifty policemen in the hall. It
• 26:40
  Speaker 1: was thus hoped that they would be excluded. But the
• 26:43
  Speaker 1: women entered the American cake Walk Show, which adjoined the
• 26:46
  Speaker 1: concert Hall where the meeting was taking place, on the
• 26:48
  Speaker 1: one side, and the American Dragon Slide, which came next
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: to it on the other, And from these two points
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: they threw small missiles through the glass windows and succeeded
• 26:56
  Speaker 1: in making their voices heard. It was impossible to arrest
• 27:00
  Speaker 1: the suffragettes who were on the cake walk machine without
• 27:02
  Speaker 1: cake walking also, and when a policeman mounted the machine
• 27:05
  Speaker 1: in order to effect their capture, he found, to the
• 27:08
  Speaker 1: great amusement of the onlookers, that he had got on
• 27:10
  Speaker 1: to the wrong platform, and so was forced to play
• 27:13
  Speaker 1: his part in what the Liverpool Courier described as a
• 27:16
  Speaker 1: spectacle which, from the point of its ludicrousness, must stand
• 27:20
  Speaker 1: unparalleled in the annals of police adventure. For as he
• 27:23
  Speaker 1: was obliged to cake walk forwards, so the offending women
• 27:25
  Speaker 1: were compelled to cake walk backwards. But if, as is possible,
• 27:30
  Speaker 1: the suffragettes, in company with the rest of the public,
• 27:32
  Speaker 1: found the spectacle amusing, their fund was soon at an end,
• 27:35
  Speaker 1: for on Monday they were sentenced to from one to
• 27:37
  Speaker 1: two months imprisonment in the second division Note thirty nine.
• 27:44
  Speaker 1: At Strange Ways Jail, terrible punishments were meted out to
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: them on the refusal to obey the rules, but these
• 27:49
  Speaker 1: punishments were tempered by kindly acts on the part of
• 27:52
  Speaker 1: many members of the staff. Some of the women were
• 27:55
  Speaker 1: sentenced not only to close solitary confinement, but to wear
• 27:58
  Speaker 1: handcuffs for twenty four hours, and one of them tells
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: that when after a sleepless night, the matron took pity
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: on her and ordered the handcuffs to be removed, she
• 28:07
  Speaker 1: nearly fainted with pain whilst the wardress worked her arms
• 28:10
  Speaker 1: to restore the circulation to Another prisoner, who refused to
• 28:13
  Speaker 1: wear the prison clothes, was brought a strange, unclean leather
• 28:16
  Speaker 1: and canvas jacket with straps and buckles attached into this,
• 28:21
  Speaker 1: she was forced and locked, but somehow or other she
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: managed to wriggle out all but one arm, and the
• 28:25
  Speaker 1: matron then appeared and ordered that the remaining strap should
• 28:28
  Speaker 1: be unlocked. These Manchester prisoners were all released on Wednesday,
• 28:33
  Speaker 1: the eighth September after a four days fast. On the
• 28:37
  Speaker 1: same day were released six women who had been arrested
• 28:39
  Speaker 1: in Lester on the previous Saturday for holding a meeting
• 28:42
  Speaker 1: of protests outside that addressed by mister Winston Churchill in
• 28:45
  Speaker 1: the Palace Theater. They also had carried out the hunger
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: strike in Dundee. At three o'clock on the morning of Monday,
• 28:53
  Speaker 1: September thirteenth, Miss Isabel Kelly, clad in gymnastic dress, was
• 28:57
  Speaker 1: climbing a high scaffolding erected on the back of Scotland,
• 29:00
  Speaker 1: from which, in the darkness, she let herself down some
• 29:02
  Speaker 1: twenty five feet on to the roof of the Canared Hall,
• 29:05
  Speaker 1: where mister Herbert Samuel was to hold a meeting the
• 29:07
  Speaker 1: next night. There she lay concealed for seventeen hours until
• 29:12
  Speaker 1: the meeting began. Then, by means of a strong rope
• 29:15
  Speaker 1: about twenty four feet in length, at one end of
• 29:17
  Speaker 1: which was an iron hook which she attached to the roof,
• 29:20
  Speaker 1: and at the other a running noose, she entered the
• 29:22
  Speaker 1: building by a skylight and found herself on the stairs
• 29:25
  Speaker 1: leading to the gallery of the hall. She was able
• 29:28
  Speaker 1: to rush in, but before a word had passed her lips,
• 29:31
  Speaker 1: she was seized by the stewards, handed over to the
• 29:33
  Speaker 1: police and driven off in custody. Meanwhile, other suffragettes were
• 29:38
  Speaker 1: leading a great charge of people to the door of
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: the hall, but they too were arrested. This was the
• 29:44
  Speaker 1: second time that women had been arrested in Scotland in
• 29:47
  Speaker 1: connection with Cabinet Minister's meetings in Glasgow. As we have seen,
• 29:51
  Speaker 1: the officials had as cheated the bail and allowed the
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: prosecution to fall to the ground. Here in Dundee, Miss
• 29:57
  Speaker 1: Kelly and Miss Fraser Smith, who had also succeeded in
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: getting into the hall, were released, whilst the woman who
• 30:03
  Speaker 1: had been arrested outside were sent to prison from ten
• 30:05
  Speaker 1: to seven days in default of paying fines varying from
• 30:08
  Speaker 1: five to three pounds. They all refused to obey the
• 30:12
  Speaker 1: prison rules and carried out the hunger strike and were
• 30:15
  Speaker 1: released on Friday, the seventeenth of September at ten thirty
• 30:18
  Speaker 1: p m. After having gone without food since the time
• 30:21
  Speaker 1: of their arrest. On the Monday, as soon as it
• 30:24
  Speaker 1: had been announced that missus Pankhurst and those arrested with
• 30:27
  Speaker 1: her were to go free until after their case had
• 30:29
  Speaker 1: been discussed by the High Court, she had made her
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: way to Cleveland in Yorkshire, where a by election was
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: taking place owing to mister Herbert Samuel's elevation to the
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: cabinet as Postmaster General. Mister Samuel had hitherto acted as
• 30:42
  Speaker 1: under Secretary at the Home Office, the governmental department which
• 30:45
  Speaker 1: was responsible for the treatment of the suffragettes in prison.
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: Mister Samuel began by scoffing at the opposition of the suffragettes,
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: referring to them as wild women from Westminster, but the
• 30:57
  Speaker 1: people of Cleveland soon became ardent supporters of the woman's
• 31:00
  Speaker 1: cause and flocked eagerly to their meetings. He then bound
• 31:03
  Speaker 1: it necessary to devote large parts of his speeches to
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: combating the suffragette arguments. He declared that it was a
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: wicked calumny to say that the government had sent women
• 31:13
  Speaker 1: to prison for asking for votes, and especially disassociated himself
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: from any part in the responsibility. At one moment he
• 31:20
  Speaker 1: stated that mister Asquith had already promised to give women
• 31:23
  Speaker 1: the vote, and at another that the present Parliament could
• 31:25
  Speaker 1: not do it, And again and again he accused the
• 31:28
  Speaker 1: women of fighting with Tory gold. All this betrayed his
• 31:33
  Speaker 1: fear that the women were turning votes. Even the times
• 31:37
  Speaker 1: that anti suffragist newspaper, which had always condemned the suffragette
• 31:41
  Speaker 1: tactics and minimized the effect of their work, acknowledged now
• 31:44
  Speaker 1: that their attack was damaging the government candidate's chances. And
• 31:48
  Speaker 1: on July sixth, the special correspondent of this paper wrote,
• 31:52
  Speaker 1: the women suffragists have made a favorable impression upon the electorate,
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: and the miners specially appear to have been thoroughly converted
• 31:59
  Speaker 1: by the new propaganda. Some miners with whom I have
• 32:02
  Speaker 1: talked would even vote for the candidate who was in
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: favor of woman's suffrage, without respect to his opinions upon
• 32:07
  Speaker 1: other subjects. To put it more emphatically, a woman's suffrage
• 32:11
  Speaker 1: candidate pure and simple as a third candidate, would probably
• 32:15
  Speaker 1: have endangered mister Samuel's reelection quite as much as a
• 32:18
  Speaker 1: candidate of the Labor Party. Finally, on the eve of
• 32:22
  Speaker 1: the poll, mister Herbert Samuel found it necessary to draw
• 32:25
  Speaker 1: up a special leaflet against the women, the only one
• 32:28
  Speaker 1: on any subject which was sent out in a similar way.
• 32:31
  Speaker 1: The result of the contest was, as the Liberals admitted,
• 32:34
  Speaker 1: disappointing from their point of view, for although mister Samuel
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: was returned in spite of his added prestige as a
• 32:41
  Speaker 1: cabinet minister, his majority was enormously decreased. The figures were
• 32:47
  Speaker 1: mister H. Samuel Liberal six thousand, two hundred ninety six,
• 32:51
  Speaker 1: Mister Windsor Lewis Conservative five thousand, three hundred twenty five
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: Liberal majority nine hundred seventy one. At the general election
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: of nineteen hundred six, mister Herbert Samuel had been returned unopposed,
• 33:05
  Speaker 1: Mister H. Samuel Liberal five thousand, eight hundred thirty four,
• 33:10
  Speaker 1: Mister Jeffrey Dragg Conservative three thousand, seven hundred ninety eight
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: Liberal majority two thousand, thirty six. Meanwhile, another by election
• 33:20
  Speaker 1: was being fought in Dumfriesboro, where the Liberal majority was
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: again reduced. Footnotes thirty seven, daughter of the late Sir
• 33:30
  Speaker 1: David Brand, Sheriff of Edinburgh and Chairman of the Crofter's Commission,
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: who had been knighted for his services to the Liberal Party.
• 33:37
  Speaker 1: Note thirty eight. The Scotch fiscal is the officer who
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: prosecutes in the case of petty criminal offenses. Thirty nine.
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: An attempt was made to charge some of the women
• 33:48
  Speaker 1: with unlawful wounding because a man's hand had been cut
• 33:51
  Speaker 1: by the falling glass, but on the wound being found
• 33:54
  Speaker 1: to be very slight, the charge was reduced to one
• 33:56
  Speaker 1: of common assault end of CHAP to twenty