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The Safavid Siege of Kandahar 1653: A Mughal-Safavid Showdown
In 1653, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan launched a massive campaign to retake Kandahar from the Safavids, who had seized it four years earlier under Shah Abbas II. This episode dives into the epic eight-month siege: the Mughal army of 50,000 led by Prince Dara Shikoh and the legendary artillery commander Ali Mardan Khan, the Safavid defenders under the Armenian gholam Khwaja Shahvali, and the brutal winter that shattered the Mughal campaign. We explore the strategic importance of Kandahar as the gateway to India, the siege technology of the era (sabats, mortar shells, and sapper tunnels), and…
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