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"Artificial Intelligence" with Robert Hunt · The Weight

• 0:00
  Robert Hunt: I'm Chris McAlilly.
• 0:01
  Eddie Rester: And I'm Eddie Rester. Welcome to The Weight.
• 0:03
  Chris McAlilly: Today we're talking to Robert Hunt.
• 0:05
  Eddie Rester: Dr. Robert Hunt teaches at the Perkins School of Theology at SMU. His specialty is in world religions, inter-religious dialog, mission studies, cultural intelligence.
• 0:16
  Eddie Rester: But today he's talking to us about something that really is a
• 0:20
  deep interest of his: artificial intelligence.
• 0:23
  Chris McAlilly: What is artificial intelligence, Eddie?
• 0:25
  Eddie Rester: Well, he's gonna explain that to us today, but basically it is, in our day and time, generative digital intelligence, where computers are now learning from us. And we've grown up with ideas of AI.
• 0:38
  Eddie Rester: It's a lot in the language right now. People are talking about ChatGPT. Apple has recently announced Apple Intelligence, which is their version of AI. So it's in the language around us.
• 0:52
  Eddie Rester: And we thought it would be important to hear from somebody who's studied it, who's writing about it, who's talking a lot about it theologically, not just technologically.
• 1:04
  Chris McAlilly: I think that AI is scary.
• 1:07
  Eddie Rester: You think it's scary?
• 1:08
  Chris McAlilly: Absolutely.
• 1:08
  Eddie Rester: Why is it scary?
• 1:09
  Chris McAlilly: It's scary because it's going to take over the world, Eddie.
• 1:13
  Eddie Rester: Okay. He's going to talk about that in the podcast. He's going to address that exact fear. Obviously you weren't listening to as we talked to him.
• 1:22
  Chris McAlilly: I always listen to you, but I am a little bit scared. I'm not lying, but I am a little bit scared.
• 1:27
  Eddie Rester: I mean, there are pieces of it that really...
• 1:29
  Chris McAlilly: Well, it's scary! Computers are going to take over the world, and they're going to lead to these questions around whether or not we have a human future, a post human future that is scarier than the one that we're in. I don't know.
• 1:42
  Chris McAlilly: I think the younger you are, the more scared you are. When I talk to younger people, even more scared.
• 1:47
  Eddie Rester: Well, it impacts jobs. It impacts how we relate to people. It impacts how we view humanity. And I think that's one of the things that we really hone in on in this conversation, is how it impacts our understanding of what humanity is and what we're here for.
• 2:03
  Chris McAlilly: And that's where my hope is, because I'm not just fearful. I think my hope is that the moment that we're in where artificial intelligence all of these questions around what it
• 2:10
  Eddie Rester: We're gonna explain that right off the top.
• 2:14
  Eddie Rester: means to be human, it will force us to go back and rediscover the resources that the church has to offer of what it means to be human, created in the image of God. And I do think we'll... I still think it's kind of scary, I'm not gonna lie. I look forward to it. It's a good conversation. Robert's delightful. We've tried to have him on the podcast before.
• 2:38
  Eddie Rester: I think AI has been working against us, actually. So enjoy the podcast. If you're interested in this, take a deep listen. Share it with some other folks who may have questions about AI. As always, leave us a review. Give us the five star treatment wherever you listen to podcasts, so that others can find us as well.
• 2:57
  Chris McAlilly: The five star treatment.
• 2:58
  Eddie Rester: Give us the five star treatment.
• 2:59
  Chris McAlilly: [INTRO] The truth is the world is growing more angry, more bitter, and more cynical. People don't trust one another, and we feel disconnected.
• 3:10
  Eddie Rester: The way forward is not more tribalism. It's more curiosity that challenges what we believe, how we live, and how we treat one another. It's more conversation that inspires wisdom, healing, and hope.
• 3:22
  Chris McAlilly: So we launched The Weight podcast as a space to cultivate sacred conversations with a wide range of voices at the intersection of culture and theology, art and technology, science and mental health, and we want you to be a part of it.
• 3:37
  Eddie Rester: Join us each week for the next conversation on The Weight. [END INTRO] Today, we're here with Dr Robert Hunt from Perkins School of Theology at SMU. Dr Hunt, thank you for joining us today.
• 3:53
  Robert Hunt: You are most welcome. I'm very happy to be
• 3:55
  Eddie Rester: What people need to know is this is, like, the here with you.
• 3:58
  Eddie Rester: third or fourth time we've tried this.
• 4:01
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 4:02
  Eddie Rester: Our topic is AI, and so the first time we actually recorded an episode, and for the first time ever, we had an episode disappear. The second time Chris didn't get added to the calendar, some strange reason. He fixed it.
• 4:18
  Eddie Rester: Then you had some other issues.
• 4:18
  Eddie Rester: This time, Chris's mic died.
• 4:21
  Eddie Rester: Your mic has had some issues.
• 4:21
  Eddie Rester: Obviously, Skynet does not want us to talk about AI today.
• 4:29
  Robert Hunt: I think this is true. The AI robots are taking over, and don't want to be discussed in that context.
• 4:38
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah, this is clearly the case. We don't want theological reflection on the issues of the day, and so they're shutting it down. But we're avoiding them for a brief moment. So we better get this in.
• 4:51
  Robert Hunt: Better jump on it.
• 4:51
  Robert Hunt: Yeah. Better jump on it.
• 4:55
  Eddie Rester: So help. We're going to talk about AI today. So for the uninitiated, we're going to have long topics about things. But for the uninitiated, what is AI? What's artificial intelligence?
• 5:11
  Robert Hunt: So artificial intelligence is basically the idea that you can get a computer to demonstrate the kind of intelligence that we associate with a human being. Maybe not as smart as, but to be as intelligent, have the same kind of intelligence as a human being. Just a little bit more about that, this may be helpful, when we think of contemporary artificial intelligence, like ChatGPT 4.0 or Claude AI or Copilot, that's Microsoft, or Gemini, that's Google. We're talking about a specific way of getting a computer to be intelligent, and that's by using a massive neural network that has been trained with a large language model.
• 6:05
  Eddie Rester: Say a little bit more about that. What's a large language model? You hear that a lot when people talk about AI.
• 6:12
  Eddie Rester: But what does that really mean?
• 6:14
  Robert Hunt: What it really means is that this neural network has been trained with language, human language. So vast amounts of language in written form are fed into the neural network. Complicated algorithms help the network, I think, for want of a better word, help the network figure out the probabilities that one set of letters will follow another set of letters under certain circumstances. And as all this language goes in, that gets encoded in the neural network through the weights that are given to relationships between microprocessors, of which there are literally billions, so that the whole thing now understands human language in a particular way, i.e., as relationships with probabilities that one set of letters will follow another set of letters
• 7:16
  Eddie Rester: And we've been surrounded by sci-fi AI.
• 7:20
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 7:20
  Eddie Rester: Our entire lives.
• 7:20
  Eddie Rester: I mean, C-3PO AI in my Star Wars movies, HAL 9000 in the Space Odyssey movie. How is what we're seeing now like or different from what we've been surrounded by in science fiction all these years?
• 7:40
  Robert Hunt: Well, it is like what we've seen in science fiction all these years, in the sense that having been trained in human language, it's exquisitely good at speaking to us in our language. So it's like it in that sense. It's unlike it
• 7:56
  in this sense: the actual physical computers necessary to do this fill pretty huge data warehouses in different places, and not into a small robot brain. And so when we're chatting with ChatGPT, for example, we're chatting with a large language model that exists in a warehouse in California somewhere, and uses as much electricity as a small city. So it's not like one of these robots.
• 8:34
  in this sense: The second thing is, and this is important, too, those robots that we encountered, with the exception of HAL, by the way, those robots were embodied. They were in control of moving around, however awkwardly, or rolling around or something like this. So they were doing two kinds of things. They were speaking, and they were also moving and acting. A large language model GPT, that's the name of the processing process, a large language model GPT really only talks. It listens and it talks, but it doesn't move. It has no action. It has no arms or legs or anything like that. It's just a talker.
• 9:21
  Chris McAlilly: But isn't it just... I mean, even there, this idea that AI listens is an interesting... I don't know.
• 9:30
  Chris McAlilly: It's just kind of an interesting word, because, you know, in a sense, it's not listening. It's receiving data, and then it's processing that data and, with a quick degree of speed, giving you an answer back. But I think, just even... A way in which...
• 9:52
  Chris McAlilly: It's hard for us to talk about something that is non-human, that has intelligence in the way that we would talk about human beings. And I think this is where we can talk about the mechanics of it. I do think it does very quickly raise philosophical or theological questions, and this is an area that you've thought a lot about.
• 10:18
  Chris McAlilly: What are some of the ways in which you are... What kinds of questions or have you been asking about AI from a philosophical or theological perspective?
• 10:35
  Robert Hunt: Well, the first question I've been asking philosophically is the one that you just raised, which is, is it listening or is it hearing?
• 10:41
  Robert Hunt: That's Biblical, right? And you're exactly right. What's going into it is data. It processes this data in order to find the best possible pattern match within itself, and then that pattern match comes out in language. So we have the illusion that we're speaking to something like us. And this is, philosophically, this is what's called we have a theory of mind.
• 11:12
  Robert Hunt: So a characteristic of humans is we have a theory that when we're talking to another human, they have a mind like ours. And since AI speaks human language, then we're tempted into a theory of mind. We're tempted into thinking there's a mind back there like ours, when in fact, it's a vast neural network that parsed groups of letters, not even words and sentences, by the way, recognized a pattern in them that it matched to other patterns, and then it output the new pattern.
• 11:46
  Robert Hunt: So one thing, one big question philosophically is, how do we avoid, or theologically, how do we avoid attributing a mind to this thing that is so exquisitely trained to appear that it has a mind, but it doesn't. It simply doesn't. You have to go into the physics to see that.
• 12:11
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah, I feel like there's an illusion of consciousness, or an illusion of...
• 12:18
  Robert Hunt: Exactly.
• 12:19
  Chris McAlilly: That's happening, and there is something about human beings. We just love these slippages, these opportunities to play with or to think about things that are either like us or not like us, but...Just the way in which we would interact with, I mean, on the one hand, animals and the other hand, all of the fantasy and and science fiction around alien intelligences.
• 12:51
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 12:52
  Chris McAlilly: It's a realm of almost constant human imagination. Why is that? Why are we so enamored of this search for intelligence that is either, that is not like ours, but that is close to ours, or that exceeds ours?
• 13:10
  Robert Hunt: Yeah, I think that's a super good question.
• 13:15
  Robert Hunt: I'm going to give, I'm going to offer two answers, and I'm working on a book on this right now that I expect to finish in the next month or so on being human in an AI age. But one reason is that we are socialized, from the beginnings, the earliest dawn of humanity.
• 13:33
  Robert Hunt: Okay, we have looked for something that has a mind like ours, because that's useful, something we can communicate with. And so we attributed a limited theory of mind to something like a dog. Right? We feel like they're somehow they're like us. They understand our words and they think like us, right? Cats, we're maybe pretty sure that they don't think like us.
• 14:00
  Eddie Rester: They don't even like us.
• 14:01
  Robert Hunt: They don't even like us. And there's good reasons for that, but part of that's based on the way they move their eyes. Dogs eyes have whites of eyes like ours, so they can watch our eyes move. We can watch theirs. Cats don't, so we don't see their eyes' movement. So yeah, but we're socialized from the very dawn of humanity to look for other minds like ours, because those are minds we can manipulate and use.
• 14:25
  Robert Hunt: And that's useful. That allows us to domesticate animals, that allows us and keeps us, by the way, interacting with people who don't speak our language. We don't... We look at that person, we see that they respond in certain ways. They make what seems to be intelligible speech, even if we don't understand it, and we go, "Okay, I don't understand that language, but I think it can be translated into my language." Right? I think that's part of it.
• 14:51
  Robert Hunt: The second part of it is for the last 200 years, 250 years in the The telescope. One of the places this started really going was modern world, we have placed before ourselves in popular culture the idea of alien intelligences and alien beings.
• 15:06
  Robert Hunt: And this really begins when we get out of the Ptolemaic universe and we move into a Copernican universe. We realize when they pointed telescopes at Mars and they saw straight we're not the center of the universe. And then, beginning the 19th century, we realized those stars are a long, long way away. But so are those planets.
• 15:26
  Robert Hunt: Those planets are not stars that are big. Those planets are places.
• 15:32
  Robert Hunt: lines.
• 15:33
  Eddie Rester: Yeah.
• 15:44
  Robert Hunt: Whoa. All of a sudden that looked like something humans would make. So instantly we imagined Martians.
• 15:51
  Robert Hunt: And then science fiction filled right in. It jumped right in and began to create alternative worlds and intelligences, until by the time... I mean, look, we, if the... We have the Orson Wells 1930s radio show, right, War of the Worlds where the Martians land. So it's early as the 30s, we have imagining of aliens in science fiction that just gets more and more popular and, and that's a fascinating way, by the way authors use this, and we use it, authors use it as a way of exploring something that we all want to explore in literature. What is that other thing? What's that thing different from me that helps me understand myself? So does that make sense?
• 16:39
  Eddie Rester: Yeah. And I keep thinking that, you know, we invested all this science fiction energy in Martians, and when life was finally found on Mars, it was bacteria.
• 16:49
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 16:50
  Eddie Rester: It was single celled or there was the remains of single celled life. So life did not, in that regards, match up to what our dream or imagination of it had been. And I wonder if that's going to be the end result of our relationship with AI, down the road, that at this moment in history because the large language models, what chat GPT has released, what Apple is now proposing to integrate into all their products. I wonder if we're not going to get 50 years down the road and think, "Huh.
• 17:22
  Eddie Rester: That's it." Any thoughts on that?
• 17:30
  Robert Hunt: Well, I think it's really good question, and I think you may be right. If we are sophisticated enough in our own self understanding and in the maintenance of our own humanity that we can become clearer about how this thing that looks so human is not human.
• 17:54
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 17:55
  Robert Hunt: That's if we can.
• 17:55
  Robert Hunt: Now the more dystopian future is that, and this is already spelled out by some of the effective altruists, people like Elon Musk that talk about the post human. The alternative is we understand ourselves as just very sophisticated computers running algorithms, okay, this book "Deus," in which case we're okay with these superior intelligences, right? If we treat ourselves, if we treat a computer as if it's a human long enough, we'll start thinking of ourselves as computers, and we're already well down that road. And that's a little more dystopian, you know?
• 18:41
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah.
• 18:42
  Eddie Rester: So say, maybe say a little bit more about what that does, not just to how we see ourselves, but maybe what that does to how we begin to see others.
• 18:51
  Chris McAlilly: Let me jump in, Robert, one of the things I'm thinking about is just your comment about the way in which we have a theory of mind of animals, a limited theory of mind.
• 19:02
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 19:02
  Chris McAlilly: And you mentioned the domestication of other intelligences.
• 19:06
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 19:07
  Chris McAlilly: Which we manipulate and use them. I think in some ways, one of the things that I'm hearing in the conversation is there is a sense in which AI may be an intelligence that we have created and that we can use. And there's a fear that it's going to become so intelligent that the thing that we've done with other intelligence might turn that back on us. That there's this darker kind of dimension of what it means to be human, which is to say that we manipulate and use the intelligences of other beings, and so there's a fear that that same thing will happen to us.
• 19:47
  Chris McAlilly: And did you mention the book"Homo Deus"? Is that the book?
• 19:50
  Robert Hunt: Yeah, "Homo Deus," yeah.
• 19:51
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah. So that's by Yuval Noah Harari.
• 19:54
  Robert Hunt: Harari, yeah, exactly.
• 19:55
  Robert Hunt: Well, I think it's a great question. So and to take
• 19:55
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah. He goes back and looks at the principal force of evolution, natural selection, that gets replaced by intelligent design over the course of, you know, the long history. And there's this sense that, you know, there used to be Homo neanderthalensis. Now they're Homo sapiens. And the idea is that we manipulate the place. Yeah, we, you know, Homo sapiens actually, you know, decimated the neanderthals. And if we've created this, I don't know, hybrid, like, a step back, couple of things.
• 20:24
  Chris McAlilly: First of all, Harari quite computer-human subspecies, and all of a sudden the regular old Homo sapiens are just going to get decimated. I don't know. How are you thinking about those dimensions?
• 20:39
  Chris McAlilly: Because from the time of Aristotle up until the beginning of modernity, and even well into modernity, intelligence was what openly says that humans are just algorithms being run in a neural humans had that made us in the image of God. Right? We had network. Right? And they happen to become so sophisticated that rational minds, and God had a rational mind, and therefore we had a connection with God through our rationality and intelligence. And gradually, the shift in the definition of intelligence moved to intelligence being a systematic way in which an organism understands its environment and responds to it fruitfully for the sake of evolution, right?
• 22:04
  Chris McAlilly: And so now we're going to have a gradation of intelligence. A bacteria is intelligent in a very low way. It knows, it has they can create a version of themselves that's more some knowledge of what's going on around it and responds to it.
• 22:14
  Chris McAlilly: We're intelligent in an extremely sophisticated way. But as soon as intelligence is not the distinctive feature of humanity that relates us to God, and instead simply the end point of a spectrum that goes from bacteria up to ourselves, then it's easy to imagine the next step beyond ourselves, the super intelligence. So we have been...
• 22:37
  Chris McAlilly: Everything in our popular sophisticated, right? For that kind of thinking to take place, culture, its understanding of how humans evolved and how we came about, has pulled us away from this older definition of intelligence that makes us special to something that doesn't make us all that special.
• 22:58
  Chris McAlilly: Now there's one other part of this, if I can pick up the thread of what you said, the intelligence or the algorithm, can these things then begin to exceed us in the same ways that and his two books need to be read together on this, really, we exceeded animals, bonobos or chimpanzees, or whatever we would think is that closest to us in intelligence? And we need to go back and think a little philosophically about this, though, because a characteristic of humans is that we have a will. We have desires, and we try to fulfill those desires.
• 23:40
  Chris McAlilly: They're very sophisticated desires. But from the moment a child is born, it literally cries for its mother's milk. It we have to adopt a new view of intelligence that did not exist goes looking, okay? It goes looking. You put it, put it close to something that smells a little bit like a breast, and it's ready to latch on. That's true of mammals too, and mammals in general, young that feed off their mothers say this is what they do. They have instinctive drives and desires.
• 24:10
  Chris McAlilly: I would argue that at this moment in time, these large language model AIs don't have that. They are 100% responsive.
• 24:22
  Chris McAlilly: They don't generate anything. If you don't poke them, they don't 400 years ago in our culture.
• 24:26
  Chris McAlilly: answer, nor are they programmed to. Now, I'm not saying they couldn't be, but they will begin to try to manipulate us only if we tell them to. Right?
• 24:42
  Eddie Rester: And I think that's so important, because people fear AI for a lot of reasons.
• 24:44
  Eddie Rester: It's going to take jobs.
• 24:49
  Robert Hunt: Sure.
• 24:50
  Eddie Rester: It's going to demean who we are as humans. But they can only do what we tell it to do. You know, in a previous conversation that got removed, you said, at any point we can unplug these things. It's not like...
• 25:09
  Robert Hunt: Yeah, exactly, right. So easy to forget. Well, I listen to an interesting podcast where Lex Friedman, who's a huge podcaster, interviews one of his buddies that's all into making AI girlfriends or something. And they talk about, well, can the AIs take over the world? And he said, you've got to realize that for ChatGPT 4.0 to recreate a second ChatGPT 4.0, it will have to master all of the art of human manufacturing in the industrial age, and then somehow create a thousand factories to create millions, if not trillions, of processors and then assemble them. Okay?
• 25:54
  Robert Hunt: Because you know, it will have to recreate itself essentially, and not just once, but many times over.
• 26:04
  Robert Hunt: And here's the thing, it has no drive to do that. It's not even interested in that. All it does is inputs come in and inputs go out. Now, could we try to program it to do it? Hmm. It'd sure take a lot of human slaves to, you know what I mean? It doesn't have arms and legs or hands. It doesn't have a sense of smell.
• 26:28
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah, that's, I do think so you mentioned the will and so, if you were inclined to reduce human consciousness to a brain is like a machine with free will, and AI is like a brain. It's a machine with a brain without free will.
• 26:55
  Chris McAlilly: I mean, you're already in a reductionistic framework, it seems to me, because consciousness is... It's a reality that's not... You know, I think it's a reduction to say that a brain is a machine, because a brain is more complex than that. And I think one of the things that perhaps... I don't know...
• 27:19
  Robert Hunt: Well, I think you're absolutely right. And
• 27:19
  Chris McAlilly: I'm gesturing in that direction, but I feel like this means that it's an important moment for theological reflection to ask what it means to be made in the image of God.
• 27:30
  Chris McAlilly: Okay? And I, you know, I mentioned this idea that we're you may be able to help us understand, give us some categories and some language for articulating maybe what I'm gesturing towards.
• 28:48
  Chris McAlilly: intelligent. We share rationality with God. This was a popular... This is not, by the way, something that would have come up in the first three or four centuries of Christianity.
• 28:59
  Chris McAlilly: It really happens when Greek philosophical tradition begins to mix with the Christian tradition, develop a Christian philosophy. So maybe it's good to go back.
• 29:09
  Chris McAlilly: What does it mean to be made in the image of God? And I'll just give two points of contact. One is, of course, the stories from the Garden of Eden. God makes Adam, the primal human in God's image. It doesn't really say any more about that. We know that that does not mean that it looks like God, because that would be idolatrous. Right?
• 29:31
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 29:33
  Robert Hunt: But you can ask, what's the first thing that God asks this creature made in God's image to do? And it is to name the other creatures, take charge of being a steward of creation and to be fruitful and multiply and cover the face of the earth.
• 29:49
  Robert Hunt: So, you know, I'm a missiologist by trade. We would say God has a mission. Humans have a mission.
• 29:55
  Robert Hunt: That's why we're in the image of God.
• 30:00
  Eddie Rester: So our very createdness is to live out the mission of God, not just to be intelligent.
• 30:07
  Robert Hunt: Exactly.
• 30:08
  Eddie Rester: Not just to be rational, but to care about, to follow, to do the things that God does.
• 30:14
  Robert Hunt: Yeah, and to not merely respond to our environment.
• 30:18
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 30:18
  Robert Hunt: In a way that we can keep reproducing, right?
• 30:23
  Robert Hunt: Now, I want to add one other thing to that, and then maybe we can go further. But this means that it's really important for Christians today not merely to go back and contemplate that narrative, made in the image of God, but to contemplate what is understood by saying that Jesus is the new Adam, that Jesus is the new recreation of the image of God, to which we are invited by the Apostle Paul.
• 30:56
  Robert Hunt: And so, what does it now mean to have the image of God renewed in us through our relationship with Jesus Christ at a time in which there's all of these movements within popular culture that would detract from that, that would invite us to be subhuman?
• 31:19
  Robert Hunt: Right? So I think these are places for fruitful Christian reflection, although I have to say the problem of the 20th century was how to make God credible in a modern world.
• 31:31
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 31:32
  Robert Hunt: I think the problem the 21st century, in an AI age, is how to make humanity credible in the modern world.
• 31:40
  Eddie Rester: And I think that gets to something that you've talked about in another podcast, and that is authenticity.
• 31:48
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 31:48
  Eddie Rester: One of the things, maybe one of the dangers of living in an AI world, is that we continue to do a couple things. One is we continue to get pushed further and further away as we allow artificial intelligence to do tasks for us, to relate to others on our behalf. But there's this other piece of even losing the ability to engage well with others. And I think that's important for us to think about in this world where AI is being handed so many of these basic tasks of writing emails, being a chat bot, getting my next airline ticket, when things go off the rails.
• 32:36
  Robert Hunt: I think you're absolutely right, because, one, automation of things, automation of tasks, this has gone on for a long time. The first time a farmer used an ox to plow a field, we were beginning to go down that road. This is not a new problem for us. However, it becomes a problem when we substitute those relationships for human relations. And I mean, by that, I mean human-to-human, real-time relationships. If we allow AI to be the mediator, then it's just going to be much more efficient than the really non-AI chat bots that we already confront online when we try to do something like ask a question. Super frustrating.
• 33:22
  Robert Hunt: That's going to get a lot better. It's good. It's getting better.
• 33:28
  Chris McAlilly: It is getting better. But I still think it...
• 33:31
  Chris McAlilly: Maybe it will get to a point where we are... There's an imperceptible difference between content produced by AI and content that is produced by humans. I do... I have... Have you heard this concept of AI slime?
• 33:46
  Robert Hunt: Yes.
• 33:50
  Eddie Rester: What is that?
• 33:51
  Chris McAlilly: The idea that the internet will just become an AI garbled dumpster?
• 33:58
  Robert Hunt: Exactly, it's just full of AI slime.
• 34:00
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah, just AI content will be in every corner of the internet. We won't be able to get away from it. It'll just be garbage. Just poor quality AI-generated content will be everywhere and, and I don't know... Maybe this gets...
• 34:16
  Chris McAlilly: I think I'm just continuing to try to probe this idea of what does it mean to be human. And perhaps part of it is the sense of we can perceive and engage and participate in a purpose in the way that God does. I think there's also this sense of creativity, this kind of artistic dimension to what consciousness can do. We can engage the materiality of a particular place and time within the context of a particular story, and we can offer some new reality, whether it be in language or the visual arts or in music. And all of those things, I think, are these expressions of what it means to be human. So, you know, perhaps that's a part of it as well. I don't know. What do you think about AI slime?
• 35:10
  Robert Hunt: Well, one, I think you're on track. This is very important. I've just written a think piece on art and AI, creativity and AI, and it should come out in the next couple of weeks in a bunch of newspapers.
• 35:25
  Robert Hunt: We'll see. It's been accepted.
• 35:32
  Robert Hunt: What we forget is that art...
• 35:32
  Robert Hunt: One, the word "art" doesn't actually come from being creative. It comes from the idea of having skill. Okay, so an artist isn't just creative. An artist is a person who's mastered the skills that are necessary to make their creative ideas come to life.
• 35:53
  Robert Hunt: More importantly than that, art doesn't exist by itself. No matter how skilled I am, if I live in a room of my own creations that nobody sees, it's not art.
• 36:04
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 36:05
  Robert Hunt: Art's a community project.
• 36:07
  Chris McAlilly: Agreed.
• 36:08
  Robert Hunt: You know, so, and I think this is where, you know, Or pictures where you end up with three hands or a nose on it's fun that people can create this digital art. I've delved the side of your face.
• 36:16
  Robert Hunt: into that realm myself. I can tell you something about it.
• 36:17
  Robert Hunt: Actually, it can be trained to not do that so badly. I will It's pleasurable to give a prompt that makes ChatGPT 4.0 come up with a cute picture that's weird, okay.
• 36:39
  Robert Hunt: just say that the the Garden of Eden in steampunk style is is pretty awesome. But I personally don't feel any satisfaction at that. I've entertained myself for five minutes, okay, but because I have no skill in drawing or painting or anything like this, I know that I gave nothing to this except I created a cute prompt. I would not buy it. If I go shop for art at all, and I don't always, and I do sometimes when someone drags me to an art fair or something, the only reason I buy something is because there's a backstory. I meet the human who made it. And I don't think anybody that's paying a million bucks for a piece of art is going to do it if they don't know the human story behind it. Right? AI can create a Picasso that experts couldn't tell from the real thing. Nobody's going to buy it, because we're as interested in the artist as in the visual thing that comes out. That's what makes it art. There's a human behind it, not a set of algorithms.
• 37:54
  Robert Hunt: And we'll have to... But we're going to have to keep focused on this, because we, and this is especially so in the church. If our idea of worship is something that happens on a screen, right, that keeps me entertained for an hour and a half, mildly stimulated, maybe slightly inspired, if that's what worship is for me, then AI can do that now.
• 38:20
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 38:21
  Robert Hunt: Top to bottom and end to end. But will I be engaged in the worship of God if I'm not in the community of God worshiping? You know, I think, and I think the answer is not. I don't think that's going to be fulfilling, and it's not going to develop our humanity.
• 38:36
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah, this is so, so interesting. So what what I'm reminded, I just had a conversation with a college is fulfillment? I mean, it raises questions of, what does human fulfillment, or human flourishing look like? And what does it mean to cultivate a world in which that is possible?
• 38:46
  Chris McAlilly: student recently who was talking about her engagement with the And I think what you're describing is a world that is relational. And I do think that that's part of consciousness, church, and she was saying there was someone that she encountered that it's not just I'm here by myself engaging in a non-material, ethereal world, but that there is a relational along the way that called out her potential. And I was dimension to human consciousness that I know that I am because thinking that, you know, if you think about the first... Like, a I'm kind of called out or called for.
• 39:17
  Chris McAlilly: Right. I mean, we don't... We've made many efforts to name baby is in the world looking for food, and then kind of connects ourselves, but no name sticks until it's given to us.
• 39:26
  Chris McAlilly: to a mother, face or gestures.
• 39:26
  Chris McAlilly: And there's a sense in which, from the very earliest moments, to become human, to engage in
• 39:40
  Eddie Rester: Right.
• 39:41
  Robert Hunt: We have to be named. This is the ancient not just sentience, but consciousness. It has to be called for. There's this relational component to it.
• 40:07
  Robert Hunt: ritual of baptism, right? You receive your Christian name.
• 40:12
  Robert Hunt: This is the name by which God calls you into service, okay?
• 40:17
  Robert Hunt: And at the same time, I do think, and I think consciousness is a very key question here, and one of the things that is called upon now is for Christian theologians to not take consciousness for granted as part of what it means to be human, and to understand it is a serious category that overlaps with the concept of Spirit, right?
• 40:41
  Robert Hunt: So God breathes into Adam, the first Spirit. Slightly different things happen in First Corinthians 15. What does it mean to have a spiritual body, right? But we're doing this, and the reason we need to do it is because we're doing it in an environment in which there are two competing views of human consciousness, and these views come into popular media and influence our thinking.
• 41:13
  Robert Hunt: So if I can, really quickly.
• 41:13
  Robert Hunt: View one would be the view that
• 41:17
  you find in 2001: A Space Odyssey. HAL, and by the way, in Heinlein's "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress." HAL becomes so complex that HAL is conscious.
• 41:25
  you find in 2001: Okay, so how do you get HAL out of the way? You start pulling parts of himself out, modules.
• 41:39
  you find in 2001: Eventually he's not complex enough or in touch with the world enough to be conscious, okay?
• 41:47
  you find in 2001: The other view, roughly speaking, is that what we think of as consciousness is not. It's just an illusion as different parts of our brain, based on algorithms, take center stage to guide us. Now in its own cute way, this is what the movie Inside Out is based on. There's competing things in it that are trying to take control of the brain, okay? And that's all we are. Now, I don't think Inside Out is promoting an evil view of consciousness or anything like that. It's a cute movie.
• 42:23
  Eddie Rester: Cute movie. Yeah.
• 42:23
  Eddie Rester: It missed, yeah, but I see what you're saying.
• 42:25
  Robert Hunt: About the way many people feel, yeah, about the way we feel inside. We can understand that. But we do need to realize that more seriously behind it is a view that says consciousness is itself illusory. There's a new Scientific American article. I haven't read it yet, but I did hear an interview on Think with the author of it about life after near death experiences, right, or post death experiences, being taken seriously scientifically. And one reason people have not taken them seriously scientifically is they don't fit in with a materialist, a purely materialist understanding of the brain.
• 43:06
  Robert Hunt: So it's good to see that scientists are taking two things seriously. One is that they can't know everything there is to know by definition. Their own math tells them that. And the second thing is that there are aspects of what it means to be human that are not reducible to material interactions. By the way, though, there's serious tests being designed to try to prove one way or the other on this. We shouldn't... You know, I just, I think that the problem of proving the the scientifically proving or disproving the reality of consciousness, or the problem of the brain and the mind is as, for some of the same reasons, is as unlikely to be solved as it is that we will actually know what happened one one-millionth of a second before the beginning of the Big Bang, or what happens at the end of the universe.
• 43:59
  Eddie Rester: Yeah.
• 43:59
  Robert Hunt: The math itself tells us that it can't be solved. It's not a soluble problem. And so we're gonna have to recognize that we, who do not live entirely in the realm of science, actually have something that we need to say.
• 44:22
  Eddie Rester: And I think that may be an important place, a good place, even for us to lay down, because we've entered now into the realm of mystery, something beyond.
• 44:33
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 44:33
  Eddie Rester: Just the numbers and the algorithm, and maybe our best response is to continue to claim who we are as God's children, created in the image of God, who get to engage in mystery, and in that mystery, discover purpose. We talked a lot about purpose today, and one of the things Harari says in"Homo Deus" is the thing that's missing in his model, and he he admits it, as we become this God-human, is purpose.
• 45:03
  Robert Hunt: Right.
• 45:03
  Eddie Rester: Nothing that explains how we find purpose, our purpose. And I'm sitting there reading the book, going, I can tell you where we find our purpose, buddy. But yeah, so I wish we could talk for another hour. This has been... I'm a science fiction geek. I'm a science geek. Chris would just call me geek. I don't know what he'd call me. But thank you for taking your time again and again to get this episode recorded, and thank you for... When's your book coming out on?
• 45:38
  Robert Hunt: I'm hoping, late this year, in the fall.
• 45:41
  Eddie Rester: Okay.
• 45:43
  Robert Hunt: And I'll get back to you guys on that. If I can just say one other thing. In this particular world that we're living in with AI, with all of the ways that our screens and our devices try to engage us and pull us away from humans, I think we have a Christian obligation to not leave our fellow humans on their own. We need to be out there inviting them into the company of humans so that they don't slip into the sub-human relationships with chat bots that offer some immediate gratification but can never really fulfill their humanity.
• 46:18
  Chris McAlilly: Yeah, if I had to sum upour conversation, it would be, you know, we're more than machines. We're persons, but we're more than individuals.
• 46:26
  Chris McAlilly: We're both spiritual and material, and we find our uniqueness and fulfillment and flourishing in community with other people, not in isolation.
• 46:38
  Chris McAlilly: And so I think that might be a good place to land. And it's been great to connect with you.
• 46:41
  Chris McAlilly: Robert, thank you so much for your engagement, for raising these important, difficult, interesting questions. And we'll, as Eddie continues to be stumped by AI, we'll have to invite you back to help give Eddie a little bit more clarity.
• 46:58
  Eddie Rester: Yeah, at any time, yeah.
• 46:59
  Robert Hunt: Okay, thanks. I appreciate very much your invitation to be on The Weight.
• 47:04
  Eddie Rester: Thank you very much.
• 47:05
  Chris McAlilly: Take care.
• 47:05
  Robert Hunt: Take care.
• 47:06
  Chris McAlilly: Bye now.
• 47:06
  Eddie Rester: [OUTRO] Thanks for listening. If you've enjoyed the podcast, the best way to help us is to like, subscribe, or leave a review.
• 47:15
  Chris McAlilly: If you would like to support this work financially, or if you have an idea for a future guest, you can go to theweightpodcast.com. [END OUTRO]